WHAT IS A BATTERY? CAPACITY

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2 WHAT IS A BATTERY? A battery is a device able to store electrical energy, supplied to it by a direct current generator during charging, in the form of chemical energy. It returns this energy, in the form of direct current electrical energy, during discharging. This energy storage and return process is repeated for the entire life of the battery. The main parameters that define batteries and their performance levels are: > RATED VOLTAGE > RATED CAPACITY > FAST DISCHARGE CURRENT (AT -18 C). and are indicated on the rating plate that accompanies every battery: RATED VOLTAGE RATED CAPACITY FAST DISCHARGE CURRENT > RATED VOLTAGE The voltage difference measured across the poles of the battery with the circuit open and after a minimum 4 hours stabilization time. > CAPACITY (Ah) The quantity of charge that can be achieved by discharging a storage battery at a specific discharge rate (current) down to a preset voltage. > FAST DISCHARGE CURRENT (A) Indication of the power the battery is able to deliver. This value is measured by discharging a fully charged battery at -18 C at a constant preset current. WHY A BATTERY DISCHARGES 1 Prolonged period of non-use of the car. 2 Difficult or repeated start-ups. 3 Use of the car for short trips that do not permit the battery to recharge. 4 Inefficient dynamo or alternator. 5 Leaving lights or other parts of the electrical system on for long periods with the car off. All these causes make it necessary to check the battery in order to avoid difficult start-ups that help cause premature battery wear. It may happen that the battery is no longer able to store energy, usually caused by inadequate maintenance or incorrect use. In this case one or more battery cells have short-circuited: recharging, in this case, is useless and the only thing to do is to replace the battery. CHARGING A BATTERY Battery charging can be done for different time periods depending on the capacity of the battery, its state of charge and the current we want the appliance to deliver. Slow charges are made with fairly low currents that in any case do not exceed approximately 1/10 th of the capacity of the battery. 2

3 Fast charges are made with higher currents, approximately 1/5 th of the capacity of the storage battery. During fast charges the charging time is generally controlled by a timer to avoid battery overheating. Slow charges are preferable for a longer battery life, preventing the battery from overheating. Note that the exact state of charge of the battery can only be determined by a hydrometer that can measure the specific density of the electrolyte. Guideline electrolyte density values are: (kg/l at 20 C): 1.28 = battery charged; 1.21 = battery half charged; 1.14 = battery discharged. The battery charging time can vary according to: 1 Ambient conditions (Cold/Hot); 2 State of the battery (Discharged/Very discharged); 3 Age of the battery (Old/New). INSTALLATION Check, before installing the battery charger, that: 1 The appliance is protected against rain and humidity; 2 The appliance is installed on a safe and stable surface; 3 There is enough space at the back of the appliance for good ventilation; 4 That the clamps are not short-circuited; 5 That the power cable and the clamp cables are in perfect shape. Charging procedure 1 Charge in ventilated areas to prevent gas build-up; 2 Open the plug on each cell (if present) before charging; 3 Check that the liquid level inside the battery is above the plates; if it is not then top up with distilled water to the maximum level indicated on the battery (if possible); 4 Do not touch the liquid inside the battery: it is corrosive; 5 Clean all oxide deposit off the positive and negative terminals in order to ensure a good clamp contact; 6 Absolutely do not bring the two clamps into contact when the battery charger is connected to power mains. 7 If the battery to be charged with this battery charger is permanently installed on a vehicle you should also consult the ELECTRICAL SYSTEM or MAINTENANCE sections of the vehicle s instruction and/or maintenance manual. It is best, before starting to charge, to disconnect the positive cable that is part of the vehicle s electrical system. 8 Check the voltage of the battery before connecting it to the battery charger. Remember that : 3 plugs indicate a 6 Volt battery; 6 plugs indicate a 12 Volt battery. In some cases two 12 Volt batteries may be present. In this case a 24 Volt charge is necessary to charge both the storage batteries connected in series; 3

4 9 Check the polarity of the terminals, positive symbol (+), negative symbol (-). If you cannot see these symbols remember that the negative terminal is the terminal that connects directly to the bodywork; 10 Determine the suitable charging current: the recommended current is 1/10 th of the battery capacity. Charging time varies from 11 to 14 hours depending on the state of the battery. Charging time varies from 5 to 7 hours when using the fast charge which charges at 1/5 th the capacity of the battery. Remember, however, that a fast charge reduces the operating life of the battery; 11 Connect the battery to the battery charger; 12 Connect the battery charger to power mains and turn it on; 13 Description of charging functions: the ammeter mounted on the battery charger will indicate, during initial phases, a current value that will slowly decrease down to very low levels (0.5-2A) depending on the capacity and the state of the battery. If boiling starts during final charging phase it is best to immediately stop charging in order to avoid overheating the cells and oxidizing the plates. This helps keep the battery in good condition. Warning: CURRENT THAT DROPS IMMEDIATELY = 100% CHARGED BATTERY 14 After charging turn the battery charger off and disconnect it from power mains. 15 Disconnect the battery charger from the battery; 16 Put the plugs back in (when present). Basic procedures to ensure a longer battery life: 1 Avoid overcharging; 2 Avoid leaving the battery discharged for prolonged periods; 3 Periodically check the level of the liquid inside the battery (electrolyte), adding distilled water whenever the liquid does not cover the cells; 4 Eliminate any oxide that may form on the terminals. Cover them with an antioxidant. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY AN AUTOMOBILE Fans Air conditioner Car radio Engine heating Mixed heating Alternator cooling Lighting system Catalyst heater Battery insulation Windshield wiper Heated sprayers Heated seats Heated locks Pressure sensors Alarm system Defroster Heated mirrors Defroster Fans Satellite navigation system Various monitoring systems 4

5 BATTERIES AND START-UP A lot is said about how the battery, in modern vehicles, must supply a constantly increasing number of accessories (radio, satellite navigation system, air conditioning, pressure sensors, lighting system, windshield wiper, window defroster, etc.). This increases the speed of discharge of the battery and while, on the other hand, the alternator charges the battery but if the trip traveled is not long enough (home-workplace, for example) then the energy supplied by the alternator is not enough to fully recharge the battery, especially if the battery is not a high performance type. In some cases this problem can be overcome by using a high capacity battery. But if this unit is not properly maintained by the user then it inevitably leads to a loss of performance. And even though modern batteries are designed to resist extreme climate conditions it is inevitable that, during the winter, the battery performance drops. This is caused both by a reduction of the chemical reactions in the battery and by a greater demand for energy by the starter motor. The following chart shows the performance trend as the temperature changes. This is why engine ignition failure is generally a wintertime problem. HOW A TRADITIONAL ELECTROMECHANICAL STARTER OPERATES Using a starter to start a vehicle becomes necessary every time the storage battery does not have enough energy to power the starter motor. In this case the energy that is required can be taken by connecting the starter to the power mains and setting it to its start-up mode. To find what starter is suitable for the needs of our battery we just have to find, on the battery rating plate, the values given at the item FAST COLD DISCHARGE CURRENT and compare these with the values indicated under the item Starting current 1 Volt/C EN on the starter. These values must be similar. This is the case when the battery is fully discharged. If the battery is charged in advance then a less powerful starter can be selected. START-UP PROCEDURE 1 Determine the starting current required. 2 Keep the power supply cable detached: connect the battery to the starter (red cable to positive / black cable to negative on the battery). First connect the positive cable to the positive terminal on the battery, which is not grounded, and then connect the negative cable to the chassis, distant from the battery and from the fuel supply pipe. 3 Plug the starter into power mains. 4 Start the vehicle s engine using its starter motor and simultaneously giving the starter consent to operate by pressing the START push-button. 5 Immediately release the START push-button when the engine has started. 6 Disconnect the battery cables in the following sequence: NEGATIVE POSITIVE. 7 After charging turn to OFF. Warning: Keep the starter on Start only the time strictly necessary to start the engine. Avoid times that exceed 5 seconds. Longer start-up times without intervals may cause the fuse to blow or thermal cutout to trip. Consent for start-up must be given before the vehicle s starter motor operates and must be removed when the starter motor is off. If the engine to be started up requires more power than what is delivered by the battery charger or when engine ignition fails because the battery is very discharged then you must first give the battery a minute fast charge. When starting Diesel engines first pre-heat the glow plugs before turning the battery charger to its start position: otherwise you will inevitably damage the glow plugs. 5

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8 GOCAR Single-phase portable battery chargers for all types of lead-acid batteries. Equipped with: ammeter to control charging current, protection against inverted polarity and overloads, thermal protection. Lightweight, powerful, safe. A form-fitting handle makes them easy to carry. A complete range to meet all your requirements. GOCAR 55 BOOST and 80 BOOST are 6-12 Volt dual voltage units and offer both normal or fast charge procedures. GOCAR 60 BOOST is a Volt dual voltage unit. GOCAR 35 HN GOCAR 45HN GOCAR 55 BOOST GOCAR 60 HN GOCAR 80 BOOST 230-1ph 230-1ph 230-1ph 230-1ph 230-1ph 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/ ,2 0,31 0,41 0,45 0, x 16 x 9,5 17 x 16 x 9,5 27,5 x 19 x 9,5 27,5 x 19 x 9,5 27,5 x 19 x 9,5 1,2 1,2 2,4 2,4 2,4 W W W W W POWER SUPPLY V FREQUENCY Hz CHARGING VOLTAGE V ABSORBED POWER W CHARGING ADJUSTMENTS ABSORBED CURRENT A EFFECTIVE CHARGING CURRENT A AVERAGE CHARGING CURRENT A EN RATED CAPACITY Ah SIZE mm WEIGHT Kg CODE 8

9 FAST Single-phase heavy-duty battery charger, ideal for recharging 12/24V high capacity batteries. A sturdy metal structure makes it perfect for all work environments. Equipped with ammeter to control charging current, protection against inverted polarity and overloads, thermal protection. FAST 7 FAST 10 FAST 18 FAST 25 FAST ph 230-1ph 230-1ph 230-1ph 230-1ph 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/ ,86 0, , (12V) - 8 (24V) 15 (12V) - 18 (24V) 17 (12V) - 25 (24V) 22 (12V) - 30 (24V) 5 8 (12V) - 5 (24V) 10 (12V) - 13 (24V) 12 (12V) - 16 (24V) 15 (12V) - 25 (24V) x 230 x x 230 x x 235 x x 235 x x 250 x ,5 13,5 15 W W W W W POWER SUPPLY V FREQUENCY Hz CHARGING VOLTAGE V ABSORBED POWER W CHARGING ADJUSTMENTS ABSORBED CURRENT A EFFECTIVE CHARGING CURRENT AVERAGE CHARGING CURRENT A EN RATED CAPACITY Ah SIZE mm WEIGHT Kg CODE 9

10 CYBER 20 Cyber 20 is a heavy-duty battery charger where battery charging is managed and optimized by a microprocessor. It has a smart charging technique suitable for modern vehicles that carry on board many electronic devices. No voltage or current peaks and consequently no damage to on-board electronics (airbags, ABS, telephone, etc.). Not necessary to remove the battery for recharging. Battery maintenance function. Digital ammeter and voltmeter. I > U CHARACTERISTIC: I > Recognize the state of charge of the battery and automatic charging in two phases without overheating. U > during charging voltage is limited to prevent formation of flammable and noxious gases. PROTECTIONS: Thermostatic protection Protection against inverted polarity, overload and short circuit across terminals. Protection against mistaken setting of the storage battery parameters. Protection against overvoltage which could damage the vehicle s on-board electronics. Automatic shutdown when charging is terminated. Reading of the state of charge. Possibility of charging batteries that are deeply discharged. CYBER ph x 190 x W POWER SUPPLY V FREQUENCY Hz CHARGING VOLTAGE V ABSORBED POWER W AVERAGE CHARGING CURRENT A EN MAXIMUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY Ah SIZE mm WEIGHT Kg CODE 10

11 START Portable heavy-duty battery chargers/starters for charging storage batteries and quickly starting up vehicles. A wide range for all charging and start-up needs: scooters, motorcycles, automobiles, tractors, campers, vans, trucks with Diesel and gasoline engines. They are designed for: normal charging, fast charging and fast start-up. Equipped with: ammeter to display the state of charge and start-up, protection against overloads and inverted polarity. START START START START ph ph ph ph 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/ dic / /8 1/ / x 210 x x 210 x x 210 x x 460 x x 80 2 x 50 2 x 50 2 x 100 W W W W POWER SUPPLY V FREQUENCY Hz CHARGING AND START-UP VOLTAGE RMS CHARGING CURRENT A AVERAGE CHARGING CURRENT A EN STARTING CURRENT 0 VOLT A STARTING CURRENT 1 VOLT/C A EN MAXIMUM ABSORBED CHARGE/START-UP POWER Kw RATED CAPACITY Ah 15h CHARGEABLE BATTERIES MIN/MAX. Ah CHARGEABLE BATTERIES Ah WITH MIN/MAX. PRE-CHARGE SIZE mm WEIGHT Kg FUSE A CODE 11

12 VELOX Wheel-mounted heavy-duty battery chargers/starters for charging storage batteries and quickly starting up vehicles. A wide range for all charging and start-up needs: scooters, motorcycles, automobiles, tractors, campers, vans and trucks with Diesel or gasoline engines. They are designed for normal charging, fast charging and fast start-up. They are equipped with ammeters to display the state of charge and start-up and are protected against overloads and inverted polarity. VELOX VELOX VELOX VELOX VELOX 650 CD2 VELOX 1200T-CD ph ph ph ph ph 230/400-3 ph 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/ / /8 1/ /10 1.8/15 mag x 670 x x 670 x x 670 x x 750 x x 750 x x 800 x ,00 15,00 15,00 21,00 24,00 43,00 1 x 80 A 2 x 50 1 x x 80 2 x x x 100 W W W W W W POWER SUPPLY V FREQUENCY Hz CHARGING AND START-UP VOLTAGE V RMS CHARGING CURRENT A AVERAGE CHARGING CURRENT A EN STARTING CURRENT 0 VOLT A STARTING CURRENT 1 VOLT/C A EN MAXIMUM ABSORBED CHARGE/START-UP POWER Kw RATED CAPACITY Ah 15h CHARGEABLE BATTERIES MIN/MAX. Ah CHARGEABLE BATTERIES Ah WITH MIN/MAX. PRE-CHARGE SIZE mm WEIGHT Kg FUSE A CODE 12

13 CRA Wheel-mounted heavy-duty battery chargers and starters for fast charging storage batteries and fast starting vehicles. Particularly suitable for big-engined vehicles such as tractors, trucks, etc. Equipped with: ammeter, voltmeter, insulated DIN cables, protection against inverted polarity. CRA 900CD CRT ph 230/400-3 ph 50/60 50/ (6 V) (12 V) (24 V) 2000 (12 V) (24 V) 280 (6 V) (12 V) (24 V) 1500 (12 V) (24 V) / (6 V) (12 V) 2400 (12 V) (24 V) x 900 x x 900 x x x 100 W W POWER SUPPLY V FREQUENCY Hz CHARGING AND START-UP VOLTAGE V RMS CHARGING CURRENT A AVERAGE CHARGING CURRENT A EN STARTING CURRENT 0 VOLT A STARTING CURRENT 1 VOLT/C A EN MAXIMUM ABSORBED CHARGE/START-UP POWER Kw RATED CAPACITY Ah 15h CHARGEABLE BATTERIES MIN/MAX. Ah CHARGEABLE BATTERIES, Ah WITH MIN/MAX. PRE-CHARGE SIZE mm WEIGHT Kg FUSE A CODE 13

14 CYBER BOOST Heavy-duty battery chargers and starters with charging. and start-up processes controlled and optimized by a microprocessor. Equipped with three operating modes: charge, start-up, stand-by. Designed to charge and start storage batteries of the following types: lead-acid with liquid electrolyte, lead-acid with gel electrolyte, recombination, sealed and unsealed. Total protection against any voltage or current peaks during start up and charging, eliminating all danger for on-board electronics (airbags, ABS, telephone, etc.). No need to remove the battery from the vehicle when starting up or charging. Digital ammeter and voltmeter. Stand-by mode to power vehicle memories if the battery needs to be disconnected. Start-up and charging procedure managed and optimized by a microprocessor with automatic control of all parameters. Automatic choice of the charge program by inputting data related to the storage battery. Charging is done at constant voltage and current (IU characteristic) with two options: normal charge and fast charge. Designed to charge deeply-discharged batteries. CYBER 1000 CYBER ph ph 50/60 50/ (12 V) (24 V) 400 (12 V) (24 V) x 270 x x 270 x 500 W W POWER SUPPLY V FREQUENCY Hz CHARGING AND START-UP VOLTAGE V RMS CHARGING CURRENT A AVERAGE CHARGING CURRENT A EN STARTING CURRENT 1 VOLT/C A EN MAXIMUM ABSORBED CHARGE/START-UP POWER Kw MAX. RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES Ah SIZE mm CODE 14

15 STARTPACK 4000 Start Pack is a portable 12 Volt DC power supply. It can be used wherever it is necessary. It can start cars, vans, trucks, boats, farm machinery, generators, etc. It keeps all circuits live when changing the battery by connecting it to the cigarette lighter on the vehicle. It can also supply power to any electric tool powered at 12 Volts. It does not harm the vehicle s electronics and can perform many start-ups before the next recharge. Start Pack can be recharged using its special power supply, connected to the grid, or using the cigarette lighter on the vehicle. Equipped with: 230 V AC 12 V DC power supply, positive-negative cables with clamps, plug, cigarette lighter cables. START PACK SI SI 11 W CHARGING VOLTAGE V STARTING CURRENT A CURRENT RANGE A SEPARATE CHARGER VOLTMETER WEIGHT Kg CODE 15

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