CONSERVATION PLAN Graham Pattison, Dip.Hort.(Kew),F.I.Hort. Head Gardener

Transcription

1 CONSERVATION PLAN 200 Graham Pattison, Dip.Hort.(Kew),F.I.Hort.

2 . HISTORY AND BACKGROUND RESTORATION AND LONG TERM FUTURE CONSERVATION POLICY LISTINGS of 30

3 . HISTORY AND BACKGROUND.. Background The Memorial Gardens are situated in Stoke Poges, some 2 km North of Slough and are one of a few sites for interment of ashes in the area covered by South Bucks District Council, whereas in Slough there is the traditional crematorium. Parks within a 3 km radius of the gardens are Baylis, Dilton, Upton and Salthill in Slough. They lie at the southern end of the village adjacent to the C8/9 landscaped Stoke Park. It is a unique site of 9 hectares (20 acres) landscaped Memorial Gardens situated some 3km north-east of Slough. The triangular, site is bounded to the east by Church Lane from Stoke Poges to Slough, to the west by the east drive to Stoke Park House leading off this road north-west, and to the north by the north lake of Stoke Park, and parkland to the to the east of it leading to the parish churchyard. The land slopes gentle down to the north- west, the setting being largely rural and that of designed parkland, with views west from the northern side of the Gardens over the north lake and parkland to the east front of Stoke Park House, and north towards the C6 Manor House. To the north stands the parish church, within the churchyard of Thomas Gray s mid-c8 Elegy in a Country Churchyard. Penn Cottage, which stands at the entrance to the Garden is C6..2. History The Gardens were laid out on about twenty acres of gently sloping parkland, which formed a part of Stoke Park. Constructed in the mid 930s to a contemporary garden design, the Memorial Gardens, whilst having their own strong sense of place and purpose, are also closely associated both physically and historically with St. Giles Church and, of course, Stoke Park, which abut it on three sides. 3 of 30

4 On the death of Viscount Cobham in 749, his widow moved to her estate at Stoke Park to live in the Manor House. Whilst there she became a friend of Thomas Gray, who described the architecture of the Manor House in his poem A Long Story. Lady Cobham commissioned Lancelot Brown (76-783), who had worked at Stowe with her husband, to prepare a scheme for improving the park at Stoke Park. His design included linking several quadrangular pools to make an extended series of lakes, one of which now forms the western boundary to the Memorial Gardens. Following the death of Lady Cobham in 760, the estate was sold to Thomas Penn, son of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. He employed Richmond, a scholar of Brown, who is thought to have carried out Brown s landscape designs. His son, John, on taking over the Manor House in 789, found it in such poor condition that he had all but the west wing demolished. In 790 the foundations of a new mansion were laid in the middle of the park. The mansion was designed by Robert Nasmith, who died in 793, and completed by James Wyatt (746-83). During this period John Penn also carried out improvements to the park with further landscape work carried out by Humphrey Repton (752-88), including the siting of the Gray Monument and work to the bridge over the lake. The first edition O.S. map 886 shows the area of the future Memorial Gardens to be fenced along its perimeter on three sides and bounded by the lake on its fourth. It is subdivided by two fences, with a broad strip of land leading off Stoke Poges Lane providing entry. Edward White, the landscape architect, described the area as being meadows. Lion Lodge, at the southernmost tip of the meadows, was situated at the entry point to the East Drive, the main access to Stoke Park House. The drive, a tree-lined avenue, formed the southern boundary to the meadows, as it curved round to cross the Repton bridge and enter the parkland. A path, parallel to the lake, led directly from the Manor House, through the meadows and on to the drive. The boundaries with Stoke Poges Lane and St. Giles Church were heavily 4 of 30

5 wooded with a mix of deciduous and evergreen trees, with the north east corner almost exclusively woodland. A line of trees extended along the internal fence with two isolated trees, one deciduous and the other evergreen, within the meadows. The parkland landscape survived until 909 when, with its opening as a golf course, the character changed. In 9 part of the park and the surrounding land was developed by a private company and sold for housing. The National Trust acquired the land to the north of St. Giles Church in which Gray s Memorial was sited in 925. The Stoke Park Land Co. Ltd. Sales plan of the 930s shows little change, with only the addition of another path across the meadows providing a more direct route from the Manor House to Stoke Park House, with a crossing to the south of the central lake. In 930 the land to the south of St. Giles Church came under threat from further housing development. Sir Noel Mobbs, Lord of the Manor of Stoke Poges, acquired the land in order to preserve the tranquil and rural setting of the Church. The Memorial Gardens were his creation and were to be a living memorial to the dead and of solace to the bereaved. They were dedicated on 25 May 935 by the Rt. Rev. Lord Bishop of Buckingham assisted by the provost of Eaton, Mr Noel Mobbs (as he then was) and the Vicar of St. Giles Church, Reverend Mervyn Clare. There were nearly three thousand individual memorial gardens with spaces for plaques throughout the Gardens, including that for the vicar, whose memory is commemorated on a column in the Colonnade. The landscape architecture practice of Milner, Son and White had been established by Milner in the late 9 th century. Edward White, his brother-in-law, became the responsible partner in the practice in the 9 th century. He was at the height of a successful career when the Memorial Gardens were commissioned and appears from an article 5 of 30

6 entitled Reconstruction of Old Gardens in Landscape and Garden written by him in 934, to have been working on the reconstruction of the gardens at Stoke Park. Other work by White included Bagshot Park in Surrey, Cowdray Park in Sussex and Ardross Castle in Rosshire. He worked in France for the Rothchilds, in Germany and Sweden, and designed landscape associated with the new Government buildings in Ottawa and the Victoria Memorial in Calcutta, India. He was influential in setting up the first Chelsea Flower Show. In 924 he exhibited at the British Garden at the Brussels Exhibition. Edward White was President of the Institute of Landscape Architects from 93 to 933. Church Cottage standing at the entrance to the Memorial Gardens, was acquired first and, shorn of its Victorian features, was restored to its 5 th century character. Extensions were added in 960, from which time it became the administrative centre for the Gardens, while housing the remnants of the original Penn/Gray Museum. The entry into the gardens was designed to follow the alignment of the earlier track and also provide access to Church Cottage. The plan of Stoke Poges Gardens by Milner, Son and White shows the layout as completed in 937. The perimeter area with woodland was formed into the parkland, thereby retaining many of the existing trees, while the meadows were levelled to form the gardens. The avenue planting on East Drive was reinforced to increase the enclosure of the gardens. The entry drive extended past the cottage, parallel to the churchyard boundary, leading directly to the Manor House, with a short path at the boundary gates into the churchyard. A new path extended off the circuitous path to East Drive to give access to Stoke Park. In 950 a drawing for an elliptical Parterre Garden was produced by C B M Smith, architect. An undated plan of Stoke Gardens shows this garden and a small circular pool in place in the southern part of the 6 of 30

7 Informal Gardens. The alignment of East Drive had been changed, with a new stretch of drive built to the west to cross the lakes over a new bridge. The former drive was incorporated into the Gardens, with access to Stoke Park over the Repton Bridge. An avenue of eight trees had been planted along the central axis. The entrance to the Memorial Gardens was altered in 959 to a design by Herbert J Stribling, architect, moving it closer to the cottage and pool. Proposals for a parking area did not go ahead and the former drive was planted up. Eton Rural Council acquired the golf course and mansion in 958, with transfer of ownership in 97 to South Bucks District Council. The Memorial Gardens formerly vested in the Eton Rural District Council, were also taken over by Act of Parliament in 97 by South Bucks District Council. The 988 O. S. Map shows the Memorial Gardens laid out in some detail with the former park, with considerable tree cover..3. English Heritage Listings The National Heritage Act of 983 enables English Heritage to compile a register of gardens and other land of special historic interest. The resultant Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England is compiled with the aim of identifying important historic parks and gardens in order to increase awareness of the existence of these sites and to encourage their protection and conservation. Stoke Poges Memorial Gardens were originally registered in 999 as Grade II. English Heritage has recently undertaken a systematic review of grading of the 06 cemeteries on the Register and it has been decided that Stoke Poges Memorial Gardens should be upgraded from II to the top level, that of Grade I. The reasons given for the upgrade are:- A C20 funerary landscape (mid 930s) of the highest design quality with a complex and innovative design by a nationally 7 of 30

8 renowned landscape designer and specialist in memorial gardens, Edward White. A unique example of a garden of remembrance unattached to a crematorium in England, set in a rural situation, being only for the burial of ashes (no surface scatterings). The design is based on the burial of ashes in small individual gardens, reflecting White s belief in the British passion for domestic horticulture, set around a complex formal ensemble of canals and pergolas around lawns. The site survives complete and in excellent condition. A variety of notable people are interred here. It adjoins and has cultural associations with Stoke Poges churchyard, subject of the poet Thomas Gray. Church Cottage is let as a private residence and as a Grade II listing building is covered by Section 5 Conservation Policy in the South Bucks District Council Local Plan 999. It is referred to in the Council s Listed Buildings Schedule under Reg SU 98 SE Stoke Poges Church Lane 8/609 Church Cottage C6 much extended. Red brick with modern plain tile roof. Single storey to front with central depressed arched door flanked by cambered head windows. Modern timber porch. Paired octagonal chimneys to east end and single chimney at west end. Two single light cambered head windows in west end wall. Heavy internal timbering. Rear wing original to west side and with C20 2 storey addition on east side. 8 of 30

9 .4. Access and Facilities The Gardens are accessible to all the community. The Memorial Gardens have dawn till dusk pedestrian access from the main entrance in Church Lane and from St Giles Church between 5pm and dusk via the side gate. Access has been limited to these hours to try and reduce the afterhours antisocial behaviour. The main entrance for vehicles is open Monday to Friday 9.30 am to 5.00 pm, in summer and 9.00am to 4.30pm in winter as is the administration office and Penn Gray Museum. The Gardens have a hard surface route for wheelchairs and a limited weather access to some other parts of the Gardens, both of which are displayed on the relevant maps at the entrances. A golf buggy is now also available for those with mobility problems and who are visiting relatives. Wheelchair access at weekends is via St. Giles churchyard. There are two public toilets, one of which has disabled facilities. Use of portable ramps for entrance to the office and Robe Room/Museum is available, bearing in mind compliance with the age of this building..5. Current Maintenance and Organisation Chart The current grounds maintenance Contract is with Gavin Jones Group until 207. As maintenance contractor, Gavin Jones Group are responsible for the maintenance, staff employed by them on site and for all related aspects of health and safety. It is the s responsibility to see that maintenance is carried out to a professional horticultural standard and that tasks are carried out under safe working conditions. The is also responsible for ensuring, as far as is practical, that the Gardens form a safe environment for visitors. 9 of 30

10 The, as the Council s site representative, monitors the Contractors with whom it is vital to develop a partnership relationship to ensure that overall aims and objectives are met. Director of Services Environ.& Property Contract Services Facilities Manager Contractor Gardens Administrator 0 of 30

11 2. RESTORATION AND LONG TERM FUTURE 2.. General Edwards White wrote of the Memorial Gardens: The Gardens are intended for the repose of the ashes of cremated persons and will be designed and maintained in a fashion for which there is no existing precedent. In particular, there will be no buildings or erections of monuments of any kind to remind one of a cemetery. It is the intention that the Gardens should be restored and conserved in a fashion in keeping with its original design and E White s interpretation and perception. Conservation in itself is a form of education for future generations and an important part of our heritage Community Involvement Community involvement is key in the success of the refurbishment project and future conservation of the Gardens. The has implemented a number of initiatives in this regard. This has included the formation of The Friends of Stoke Poges Memorial Gardens. This is a Registered Charity No The group now has 20 members and meets regularly, giving general support including on grant applications. The Friends contributed towards the purchase of replacement pine and birch trees within the Heath Garden following the devastation from the 2007 storm. This led to the most damage ever seen in the history of the Gardens. More recently The Friends have been successful in obtaining a grant from the Mars Community Fund for,500 which will be used to refurbish the Rose Garden. of 30

12 Conservation Plan Memorial Gardens 02 March 200 Other groups are encouraged to take part in the conservation of the Gardens, which include local schools involvement in National Tree Week and butterfly and fungi walks; work experience students through the Buckinghamshire Education Business Partnership; the Oakbridge Centre for People with Learning and Physical Disabilities in Windsor, who work in the Gardens once a week; the Thames Valley Probation Community Service, which provides up to a dozen staff 2 days a week Events The sensitivity of the Gardens usage requires careful consideration of any events. However, we welcome The National Gardens Scheme and take part in the National Heritage Day, supported by English Nature, which involves guided walks through the Gardens, St Giles Church (Gray s Elegy), Stoke Park and the Mansion House. 2 of 30

13 The 200 timetable of events is as follows: Gardening Courses Wednesday 27th January pm. Weekly 0 x 2hours 90 Tel for details and bookings National Garden Scheme Open days Saturday 20th March pm; Sunday 8th April pm Wednesday 9th May pm Guided walks on the hour, entrance 3.50, refreshments available Garden Walks 9th Feb, 9th March, 20th April,th May, 8th June, 6th July, 0th Aug, 7th Sept, 5th Oct, 9th Nov, 7th Dec. (2.00pm) Volunteers Day Planting: Summer Bedding Wednesday 26th May noon. Refreshments. All welcome Butterfly Walk July - date to be confirmed Heritage Open day Saturday th September. Meet Memorial Gardens at 9.30am Fungus Foray Wednesday 27th October (to be confirmed) half term noon Volunteers Day: Planting Winter Bedding Wednesday 0th November noon. Refreshments. Christmas tree Recycling Tuesday 4th till 7th January 20 0am-4pm 3 of 30

14 3. CONSERVATION POLICY This Grade I garden is not listed as an SSI nor does it have Nature Reserve status. However, as an area of conservation importance, of which the Garden is part, our aim is to continue and to be as much a conservation area as time and resources will allow. The maintenance of each separate area within the Gardens is covered extensively within the Management Plan so is not discussed here. An example of design, however, is the informal area of the Gardens. The aim here is to have an extensive area of interlocking beds of varying sizes and shapes containing a mix of evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, which define the plots and provide screening. These gardens play an important role by forming the interface and transition zone between the parkland landscape and the formal gardens at the heart of the site. The planting provides year-round interest and colour and is of a variety of heights. The tree species have been selected with care, with smaller species in amongst the shrubs and taller species set back from the front. The design is not random; trees of the same species have been planted in groupings to give a structure to the planting. All grass areas are maintained as lawns, with the exception of the Dell where the grass is left to grow and is cut once a year. The area beneath the historic oak is left to grow with whatever vegetation matures to discourage people from sitting under the tree. The ground may also be mulched. 3.. Green Waste We recycle all our green waste, having separated out the paper and cellophane. In the year 2007/8 we composted and returned to the Garden some 00 cu m. of compost. All brushwood and clipping are shredded, for composting, and annually returned to the gardens as bulky organic compost. Following tree work in the gardens all the 4 of 30

15 arisings are chipped and returned as a mulch. Following the gales of 8 th January 2007 the arisings were all shredded which gave us sufficient bark chippings to make a new path usable. Where trees have to be felled we will do our best to reuse the timber within the Gardens for landscape work of place in suitable areas to assist the local wild life e.g. insects, beetles etc Waste Management As a general policy only non-compostable material is taken off site. Cans, bottles and paper are recycled as part of SBCD s recycling policy. Cellophane, wreath frames and oasis go into a skip for transport off site Materials Any paving that is to be used is to be of reclaimed York stone. Suppliers of bedding plants will be encouraged to keep the 9cm (3 ) pots for reuse, while larger containers will be returned to the supplier, if financially viable or reused Flowers and Containers Artificial flowers are not allowed. Fresh flowers are only permitted in the green plastic vases kept by the office. Shrubs may be planted by agreement with the from an approved list; no bedding plants are allowed in the shrubbery areas. Over the years there has been a rather lax approach to enforcement of these Conditions, which at one point resulted in a phase when ornaments were placed on plots. This practice has now almost disappeared, but on occasion is replaced by a trend towards an exuberance of cut flowers. This and the leaving of paper and cellophane around them are discouraged. 5 of 30

16 In recent years there has been a more proactive approach towards enforcement of the Conditions, but this has to be with sensitivity and an awareness of the feelings of plot holders. An important factor is communication on what is happening and why. It is envisaged that the Friends of the Memorial Gardens will be beneficial in this regard. It is considered that a long-term plan should be developed to increase the number of plots, but this should coincide with the development of a strategy on what can and cannot be planted in every garden. To achieve this it is necessary to look in detail at the different areas to decide whether shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, etc. should be planted and to define specific conditions in relation to existing planting in accordance with the Gardens history Machinery Machinery runs on either lead free fuel or battery power and we will work towards reducing the number of journeys our tractors and trailers make throughout the site Herbicides and Pesticides The Council s policy is to use as little as possible herbicides and pesticides and we will be reducing our dependence on these in the coming months and years. We hopefully will go towards trying some of the more organic methods of control, as we know Casuron G is to be banned from March 200 within the UK and possibly within the EU. Where there has been nematode infestation, natural methods are used, eg the use of Tagetes within the rose garden Water and Water Features Water use is limited and from our borehole. Our policy is to only water trees and shrubs in their first year of planting, unless stress is shown in their second year. Within the parterres the spring and summer 6 of 30

17 bedding is usually watered prior to planting or after, only if conditions require it. With regard to roses only newly planted specimens and those within their second year are watered. Watering of established plants and grass is not undertaken. Water used in all the water features within the Gardens is recycled Fungi In 2004/6/7/8/9 Penny Cullington, Bucks Mycological Society, hosted fungi walks. Our best finds have been Psilocybe cyanescens found in 2007 for only the second time in Buckinghamshire, the first being at the National Trust Garden Cliveden the previous week and in 2009 Cyathus stercoreus, the first recorded in the County. A listing of fungi found in the Gardens follows in Section Birds ( = Rare We are aiming for a more comprehensive listing to include whether these are residents or visitors and to encourage new species by the addition of some nesting boxes. Gardens All Year: Blackbird, Blackcap, Blue Tit, Bull Finch, Coal Tit, Collared Dove, Cuckoo, Carrion Crow, Chiffchaff, Chaffinch, Dunnock (Hedge Sparrow), Gold crest, Gold Finch, Great Tit, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Green Woodpecker, Green Finch, Grey Wagtail, Jackdaw, Jay, Kestrel (one pair), Long Tailed Tit, Magpie, Mistle Thrush, Nuthatch, Pheasant, Robin, Starling, Tree creeper, Pied Wagtail Sparrow Hawk (one pair), Song Thrush, Spotted Flycatcher, Tawny Owl, Willow Warbler, Wood Pigeon, Wren. Winter: Fieldfare, Redwing. Summer: Blackcap, Chiffchaff, Cuckoo, Spotted Flycatcher, Willow Warbler. 7 of 30

18 Lake Area All Year: Canada Goose, Coot, Great Crested Grebe, Egyptian Goose, Grey Heron, Kingfisher, Mallard, Moorhen, Mute Swan, Tufted Duck. Summer: Common Tern. Winter: Black Headed Gull, Cormorant, Herring Gull Wildlife With the replacement of some fences badger gates have been included and rabbit fencing put along certain boundaries. There will always be a problem with rabbits and there is a policy to humanely cull these through shooting. A specialist is engaged for this task and the risk assessment is included in the Management Plan. The following list of wildlife is not exhaustive. Badger (Meles meles) Muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi) Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) Grey Squirrels (Siroleus carolensis) Corvids (Corvus corvus) Moles (Talpa europaea) Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 3.. Butterflies Annual butterfly walks are led by Paul Bower from the Butterfly Conservation Trust. Butterflies begin to fly when the temperature reaches above 3C and numerous ones can be seen mainly in the long grassed areas of the Garden, ie boundary, surrounding the lake, etc. See Section 4 for listing Wild Flowers and Ferns An inventory of wild flowing plants including ferns was undertaken in 998 and a follows. An eye is kept on the population of Bluebells 8 of 30

19 (Scilla non-scripta) and any Spanish Bluebells over time will be culled. See Section 4 for listing Trees and Shrubs Trees and shrubs are wherever possible UK grown and from nurseries near to the Gardens, bearing in mind price and quality. Rather than go to Europe for Ligustrum delavayanum plants we will be collecting seed and getting a local nursery to produce them for us; one nursery has been located that has material but not sufficient. A UK rose grower is also propagating Rosa Judy Garland. This is now no longer available commercially and was an original within the Judy Garland individual garden. See Section 4 for listings. (A more complete listing of plants will be completed over the next couple of years with some flowering records). 9 of 30

20 4. LISTINGS 4.. Fungi Collected within the Gardens Reporting name Ascomycetes Aleuria aurantia Ascocoryne sarcoides Erysiphe alphitoides Hypomyces aurantius Hypoxylon fragiforme Hypoxylon multiforme Nectria cinnabarina Phyllactinia guttata Rhytisma acerinum Xylaria hypoxylon Basidiomycetes Agaricus campestris Agaricus semotus Amanita excelsa var. spissa Amanita muscaria 2 Amanita rubescens Armillaria gallica Armillaria mellea Bjerkandera adusta Boletus chrysenteron Boletus declivitatus Boletus porosporus Boletus rubellus 20 of 30

21 Reporting name Calocybe carnea Chalciporus piperatus Chlorophyllum rhacodes Chondrostereum purpureum Clavulina rugosa Clavulinopsis corniculata Clavulinopsis helvola Clavulinopsis laeticolor Clavulinopsis luteoalba Clitocybe fragrans Clitocybe nebularis Collybia dryophila Collybia erythropus Collybia fuscopurpurea Collybia fusipes Conocybe arrhenii Conocybe semiglobata Coprinellus micaceus Coprinopsis atramentaria Coprinopsis lagopus Coprinus comatus Cyathus olla Cyathus stercoreus Cystoderma amianthinum Daedaleopsis confragosa Entoloma conferendum Entoloma hebes Entoloma rhodopolium Fistulina hepatica Flammulina velutipes Geastrum triplex Hebeloma mesophaeum Hebeloma sacchariolens Hygrocybe calyptriformis 2 of 30

22 Reporting name Hygrocybe ceracea Hygrocybe chlorophana Hygrocybe coccinea Hygrocybe conica Hygrocybe glutinipes Hygrocybe insipida Hygrocybe irrigata Hygrocybe pratensis Hygrocybe psittacina Hygrocybe reidii Hygrocybe virginea Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Hypholoma ericaeoides Hypholoma fasciculare Inocybe curvipes Inocybe geophylla var. lilacina Inocybe sindonia Laccaria amethystina Laccaria laccata Lacrymaria lacrymabunda Lactarius blennius Lactarius fluens Lactarius quietus Lactarius subdulcis Lactarius vietus Laetiporus sulphureus Leccinum scabrum Lepiota cristata Lepista flaccida Leucoagaricus leucothites Lycoperdon nigrescens Lycoperdon perlatum Lycoperdon pyriforme Macrolepiota konradii 22 of 30

23 Reporting name Macrolepiota procera Melanoleuca cognata Melanoleuca grammopodia Melanoleuca polioleuca Micromphale brassicolens Mycena aetites Mycena cinerella Mycena filopes Mycena flavescens Mycena galericulata Mycena galopus Mycena leptocephala Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena speirea Mycena vitilis Parasola plicatilis Paxillus involutus Phallus impudicus Phlebia radiata Piptoporus betulinus Pluteus cervinus Polyporus squamosus Psathyrella candolleana Psathyrella conopilus Psathyrella corrugis Psathyrella gracilis Psathyrella microrhiza Psathyrella piluliformis Psathyrella prona Psilocybe cyanescens Psilocybe semilanceata Rhodocollybia butyracea Rickenella fibula Russula amoenolens 23 of 30

24 Reporting name Russula foetens Russula fragilis Russula ionochlora Russula ochroleuca Russula parazurea Russula risigallina Schizopora paradoxa Scleroderma bovista Scleroderma cepa Scleroderma citrinum Stereum hirsutum Stereum rugosum Stereum sanguinolentum Stropharia aeruginosa Stropharia aurantiaca Stropharia caerulea Stropharia pseudocyanea Thelephora terrestris Trametes versicolor Tremella mesenterica Trichaptum abietinum Tubaria furfuracea Volvariella gloiocephala Xerocomus pruinatus Xerula radicata Myxomycetes Leocarpus fragilis Urediniomycetes Phragmidium violaceum Total Fungi New Fungi Running Total of 30

25 Memorial Gardens 02 March Butterflies in the Gardens Common Name Latin Name Comments Comma Polyonia c-album not uncommon, shrubby countryside, 2 broods Common Blue Polyommatus icarus Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus deciduous woods and hedgerows, brood. Green veined White Pieris napi cool damp areas 2-3 broods Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus common in gardens on holly, second broods on Ivy Large White Pieris brassicae Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina best found in long grass and brambles, brood Painted Lady Cynthia (Vanessa) cardui Peacock Inachis io Purple Hairstreak Quercusia quercus Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Six-spot Burnet Zygaena filipendulae Skipper Thymelicus lineola Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas Small White Pieris rapae common, 2-4 broods Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria dappled shade, the earliest brown to appear 25 of 30

26 4.3. Wild Flowers and Ferns Aegopodium podagraria (Ground Elder) Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Agrostis canina (Velvet Bent) Ajuga reptans (Bugle) Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet Pimpernel) Anthriscus sylvestris (Cow Parsley) Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernal Grass) Aphanes arvensis (Parsley Piert) Arabdiopsis thaliana (Thale Cress) Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) Arum maculatum (Lords and Ladies) Asplenium adiatum-nigrum (Blackspleenwort) Asplenium trichomanes (Maidenenhair Spleenwort) Bellis perennis (Daisy) Bryonia dioca (White Bryony) Calystegia sepium (Hedge Bindweed) Calystegia silvatica (Greater Bindweed) Campanula rotundiflora (Harebell) Cardamine hirsute (Hairy Bittercress) Cardamine pratensis (Cuckoo Flower) Carex acutiformis (Lesser Pond Sedge) Cerastium fontanum (Common Mouse- ear) Cerastium glomeratum (Sticky Mouse-ear) Chamaenerion angustifolium (Rosebay Willowherb) Cirsium arvensis (Creeping Thistle) Circium vulgare (Spear Thistle) Claytonia perfoliata (Spring Beauty) Convolvulus arvensis (Field Bindweed) Crepis capillaries (Smooth Hawksbeard) Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) Dryopteris dilatata (Broad Buckler Fern Dryopteris filix-mas (Male Fern) Eplobium ciliata (American Willowherb) Epilobium hirsutum (GreatWillowherb) Epilobium montanum (Broad-leaved Willowherb) Euphorbia helioscopia (Sun Spurge) Euphorbia peplus (Petty Spurge) Fagus sylvaticus (Beech) Festuca rubra (Red Fescue) Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) Fumaria officinalis (Common Fumtory) Galium aparine (Cleaver, Goosegrass) Galium saxatile (Heath Bedstraw) Galium verum (Ladies Bedstraw) Geranium robertianum (Herb Robert Geranium sanguineum (Bloody Cranesbill) Geum urbanum (Wood Avens) Gnaphalium uliginosum (Marsh Cudweed) Hedera helix (Ivy) Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog) Hyacinthoides non-scripta (Bluebell) Hypericum humifusum (Trailing St. John s Wort) Hypochaeris radicata (Common Catsear) Juncus articulatus (Jointed Rush) Juncus bufonius (Toad Rush) Juncus effuses (Soft Rush) Laburnum anagyroides (Laburnum) Lactuca serriola (Prickly Lettuce) Lamium album (White Dead Nettle) Lamium purpureum (Red Dead Nettle) Lapsana communis (Nipplewort) Lemna minor (Common Duckweed) Lemna trisculca (Ivy leafed Duckweed) Leontodon saxatile (Lesser Hawbit) Lotus corniculata (Birdsfoot Trefoil) Lunaria annua (Honesty) 26 of 30

27 Luzula campestris (Field Woodrush) Mentha aquatica (Water Mint) Montia fontana (Blinks) Myosotis arvensis (Field Forget-me-not) Oxalis europaea (Upright Yellow Oxalis) Persicaria hydropiper (Water Peper) Persicaria maculata (Redshank) Phyllitis scolopendrium (Hartstounge) Pilosella officinarum (Mouse Ear Hawksweed) Plantago lanceolata (Ribwort Plantain) Plantago major (Greater Plantain) Poa annua (Annual Meadow Grass) Polygonum aviculare (Knotgrass) Prunella vulgaris (Self Heal) Pulicaria dysenterica (Common Fleabane) Quercus robor (Oak) Ranunculus ficaria (Lesser Celandine) Ranunculus repens (Creeping Buttercup) Reseda luteola (Weld) Rubus fruticosa agg (Bramble, Blackberry) Rumex acetosella (Sheeps Sorrell) Stellaria medis (Chickweed) Stellaria graminea (Lesser Stitchwort) Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew) Taraxacum vulgare agg. (Dandelion) Tilia cordata (Small Leaved Lime) Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil) Trifolium repens (White Clover) Tussilago farfara (Coltsfoot) Urtica dioica (Nettle) Veronica arvensis (Wall Speedwell) Veronica beccabunga (Brookline) Veronica chamaedrys (Germander Speedwell) Veronica filiformis (Slender Speedwell) Veronica hederafolis ssp. Lucorum (Lilac Ivy Leaved Speedwell) Veronica polita (Grey Field Speedwell) Veronica serpyllifolia (Thyme leaved Speedwell) Viola riviana (Common Dog Violet) Viola tricolor (Heartsease, Wild Pansy Viscum album (Mistletoe) Rumex obtusifolium (Broad Leaved Dock) Sagina procumbens (Procumbent Pearlwort) Sambucus nigra (Elder) Saxifraga tridactylites (Rue Leaved Saxifrage) Sedum album (White Stonecrop) Senicio jacobea (Common Ragwort) Senecio viscosus (Sticky Groundsel) Senecio vulgaris (Groundsel) Sinapsis arvensis (Charlock) Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet) Sonchus oleraceus (Smooth Sow Thistle) Sonchus arvensis (Corn Sow Thistle) Sonchus asper (Prickly Sow Thistle) Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan, Mountain Ash) Stachy sylvatica (Hedge Woundwort) 27 of 30

28 Management Plan 4.4. Trees and Shrubs If possible these are UK grown and from nearby nurseries, bearing in mind price and quality. Ligustrum delavayanum seed is being collected for a local nursery to grow and Rosa Judy Garland is also being propagated as it is no longer available commercially. Listings follow. Trees Acer campestre Acer japonica Acer japonica var. aurea Acer negundo Acer palmatum Acer palmatum dissectum Aesculus hippocastanum Aesculus pavia Amelanchier lamarki Arbutus unedo Araucaria araucana Betula papyrifera Betula papyrifera var. pendula Cedrus atlantica Cedrus atlantica var. glauca Chamaecyparis x leylandii Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Glauca Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Alluminii Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Ellwoodii Chamaecyparis pisifera Filifera Aurea Craetagus crus-gali Craetagus lavallei Cryptomeria japonica Hamamelis japonica Hamamelis x intermedia Hamamelis virginiana Juniperus communis Juniperus virginiana Juniperus x media Pfitzeriana Laburnum x watereri Vossii Malus tschonoskii Malus Veitches Scarlet Morus nigra Picea glauca var. albertiana Conica Picea glauca Pinus pinasta Pinus strobes Pinus sylvestris Prunus avium Plena Prunus Accolade Prunus lauracerasis Prunus lusitanica Prunus Pissardii Quercus coccinea Quercus robor Quercus rubra Robinia pseudoacacia Salix alba Salix babylonica Sequoiadendron gigantium Sorbus aucuparia Asplenifolia Taxodium distichum Tilia europea Thuja oxidentalis Rheingold Wollemi nobilis

29 Shrubs Abelia grandiflora Actinidia chinensis Aucuba japonica Berberis darwinii Berberis x stenophylla Buxus sempervirens Buxus sempervirens var. suffruticosa Camellia japonica Adolphe Audosson Camellia japonica Donation Caryopteris x clandonensis Ceonothus thysiflorus var. repens Ceratostigma willmotiana Choisya ternata Cistus albidus Cistus lusitanicus Chaenomeles japonica Cornus alba Siberica Cotinus coggygria Cotoneaster adpressus Cotoneaster congestus Cotoneaster Cornubia Cotoneaster horizontalis Cotoneaster lacteus Cotoneaster salicifolius Cotoneaster simonsii Deutzia rosea Escallonia Donard Brilliance Escallonia Donard Gem Escallonia x langleyensis variegate Forsythia x intermedia Densiflora Forsythia x spectabilis Fuchsia gracilis Fuchsia magellanica Fuchsia riccortonii Genista lydia Hebe Autumn Glory Hebe pinguifolia var. glauca Hebe subalpina Hypericum calycinum Ilex altaclarensis Ilex aquifolium Ilex crenata Ilex pernyi Kalmia latifolia Ligustrum delavayanum Ligustrum japonicum Ligustum ovalifolium Philadelphus Belle Etoile Philadelphus coronaries Philadelphus Virginal Pieris floribunda Pieris japonica Prunus tenella Potentilla Elizabeth Rhododendron kaemferi Rhododendron Cunningham White Ribes sanguinium Rosa Baby Faurax Rosa Boule de Neige Rosa de Meux Rosa Gloire du Midi Rosa Jean Mermoz Rosa Marie Pavie Rosa Mundi Rosa Nathalie Nypels Rosa Rose de Rescht Rosa gallica Officinalis Rosa officinalis Sarcococca confusa Sarcococca hookeriania var. digya Skimmia reevesiana Skimmia rubella Spiraea arguta Spiraea x bumalda Spiraea thumbergii Symphoricarpus alba 29 of 30

30 Syringa vulgaris Firmament Syringa vulgaris Katherine Havermeyer Syringa vulgaris Madame le Moine Viburnum x bodnantense Viburnum carlesii Viburnum farreri Viburnum fragrans Viburnum tinus Vitis cognetiae Wisteria sinensis Virburnum davidii 30 of 30