Key Stage 3 History Unit Questions & Answers Reference Guide 16/10/2009

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1 Key Stage 3 History Unit s & Answers Reference Guide 16/10/2009 If you print a copy of this document, please note that the Q&A documents are frequently updated to reflect changes on the service. Please ensure that you are using the most up-to-date version by checking the date of your document against the date of the appropriate document in the Help section of the service. Making Time for Teachers

2 Taecanet Springboard This document contains all of the answers to the Key Stage 3 History Units listed below. This document is for use by Teachers only. Any questions please contact Customer Support at Taecanet by ing [email protected] INDEX KS3 History Contents KS3 History 01: Introductory unit - what's it all about?... 3 KS3 History 02: How did medieval monarchs keep control?... 8 KS3 History 03: How hard was life for medieval people in town and country? KS3 History 04: How did the medieval church affect people's lives? KS3 History 05: Elizabeth I how successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign? KS3 History 06: What were the achievements of the Islamic states ? KS3 History 07: Images of an age what can we learn from portraits ? KS3 History 08: The civil wars - was England 'turned upside down' in the seventeenth century? KS3 History 09: From Glorious Revolution to the '45 how united was the kingdom? KS3 History 10: France why was there a revolution? KS3 History 11: Industrial changes action and reaction KS3 History 12: Snapshot 1900 what was British middle-class life like? KS3 History 13: Mughal India and the coming of the British, how did the Mughal Empire rise and fall? KS3 History 14: The British Empire how was it that, by 1900, Britain controlled nearly a quarter of the world? KS3 History 15: Black peoples of America from slavery to equality? KS3 History 16: The franchise why did it take so much longer for British women to get the vote? KS3 History 17: Divided Ireland why has it been so hard to achieve peace in Ireland? KS3 History 18: Hot war, cold war why did the major twentieth-century conflicts affect so many people? KS3 History 19: How and why did the Holocaust happen? KS3 History 20: Twentieth-century medicine how has it changed the lives of people? KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the world? KS3 History 22: The role of the individual for good

3 KS3 History 01: Introductory unit - what's it all about? Exercise No: 1 Name: What is history? No.1: Why study History Which of the following are good reasons for studying history? Answers All of these. Type: Statement Choice To find out how our world has been shaped. To find out why people have behaved as they have done Because it's fun No.2: Famous History graduates Type: Missing Part A qualification in History is highly regarded by many politics, music, journalism, media and teaching! Answers and people with history degrees can work in who think that is a fun subject who believe that it shows you are interesting who need someone with lots of knowledge No.3: Henry VIII (2) Type: Multiple Choice Why is Henry VIII such a famous King in British history? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because he married 6 times. Because he started the Church of England. Because he was a King. Because he was fat. Because he became King at 17. No.4: Florence Nightingale Type: Ranking Place the following events of Florence Nightingale's life in chronological order Answers Correct Order D - A - C - E - B Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E She went to study in a German hospital The US asked her advice about military hospitals She ran a hospital after graduating as a nurse She saved the life of a dog with a broken leg She was in charge of nursing in the Crimean War

4 KS3 History 01: Introductory unit - what's it all about? Exercise No: 2 Name: Dividing time No.5: Chronology Chronology means so that we can put events in order. Answers working out exactly when things happened, Type: Missing Part the study of clocks, science of how things work, time out from working, No.6: Measuring time Type: Ranking Place the following units of time into chronological order from smallest unit to largest units Answers Correct Order C - B - E - D - A Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Millennium. Decades. Months. Eras. Centuries. No.7: Timelines (2) Why are timelines so useful? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They put events in the right order No.8: Anachronisms Type: Multiple Choice They allow us to see how events are related and give us an overview of time They cover very small periods They are very detailed They can be misunderstood Type: Missing Part An anachronism is an object or person like a digital watch being placed on a Roman soldier. Answers placed in the wrong time period that belongs to a certain period who likes history who lived in the past

5 KS3 History 01: Introductory unit - what's it all about? Exercise No: 3 Name: Detective work No.9: What do historians do? Type: Multiple Choice What questions will an historian ask about the past? There are TWO correct answers. Answers What were the results of this event? Why did something happen? How can I make the information more boring? Why does anyone care about this? What time is lunch? No.10: Historians as detectives Type: Statement Choice Why are facts so important to historians? Answers Explanations of events need to be supported by evidence Because they have no influence Facts can be shot down Opinions have no place in history No.11: Archaeology- historical detective work Type: Missing Part Archaeologists search the sites that have been dug up looking for and they build up a picture of what the site was for. Answers clues about how people used to live bits of rubbish money fish bones No.12: 12. History detectives Type: Statement Choice Which of the following skills would NOT be useful to a history detective? Answers Being able to make up stories. Being able to piece clues together. Being observant. Being able to ask questions.

6 KS3 History 01: Introductory unit - what's it all about? Exercise No: 4 Name: Evidence No.13: Historical sources What are the TWO main types of historical sources? Answers Primary Type: Multiple Choice Secondary Paintings Documents Films No.14: Types of historical source Type: Missing Part Historians have primary sources and they question them before getting to conclusions. Answers including documents, interviews and artefacts especially films but only appreciate books to prove that they are right No.15: 15. Asking questions of sources Type: Missing Part When looking at a source it is important to in order to discover whether the information it provides is accurate. Answers ask questions about it No.16: Bias in history What is bias? check that it was written by an historian check that it is from recent times check it has no spelling mistakes Type: Statement Choice Answers Having a prejudiced attitude which stops evidence from being clearly presented supporting a particular football team a vital part of history something that historians show

7 KS3 History 01: Introductory unit - what's it all about? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer What is History all about and what do Historians do? History is the study of the past. Historians find out all sorts of information that they then sort out to provide us with a picture of what life was like tens, hundreds or even thousands of years ago. The first thing that historians have to to do is to divide time and to place the events they are looking at into historical context. Historians use lots of different ways to divide time - from years, decades and centuries to eras - like the Tudor Period, or the Middle Ages. They must be careful to ensure that they put the correct person or artefact into the correct era- or else they will make the mistake of anachronism. Timelines are a useful way for historians to display events. Historians are like detectives. They investigate hundreds of sources looking for facts. They compare sources with what they already know and can then build up a picture of events. They ask vital questions such as why did something happen, when did it occur and what were the results? In order to find out this information the historian uses sources. Sources can be primary or secondary. Primary sources come from the period the historian is investigating whilst secondary sources generally come from a later period- for example a text book written about Henry VIII in Sources can be anything - from books and documents to buildings or even remains of food found by archaeologists. All of these things provide the historian with information. They analyse these sources asking questions in order to find the facts they require. They must be careful to spot biased documents- this is where the author has a prejudiced view - and it can lead to evidence being less than clearly presented!

8 KS3 History 02: How did medieval monarchs keep control? Exercise No: 1 Name: Battle of Hastings No.1: Causes of the Battle of Hastings Type: Statement Choice Why was there confusion over who should take the throne after Edward's death? Answers Edward had left no heir to the throne. Nobody was good enough to rule England. Edward's will was written in Latin. William did not want to rule a foreign country. No.2: Battle of Hastings Type: Statement Choice Which of the following tells you why William won the Battle of Hastings? Answers The English shield wall broke to chase Normans down the hill. Harold surrendered. Harold's men joined the Normans. William had the better position at the top of the hill. No.3: The Harrying of the North Type: Missing Part William ordered his soldiers to burn land and houses so that as this would show that he was in control. Answers people would die of starvation, he could rebuild new towns, people would like him, his men had something to do, No.4: The Medieval Church Why was the Church so powerful in the Middle Ages? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because everyone believed that it was the only thing that would help them get to Heaven. Because it was kind. Because it had the best weapons. Because they had the biggest buildings.

9 KS3 History 02: How did medieval monarchs keep control? Exercise No: 2 Name: Securing control No.5: Motte and Bailey Castles Type: Multiple Choice Why did William build Motte and Bailey castles? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They were quick and easy to build. No.6: The Domesday Book 2 They were good to show strength and control. To sell to the Anglo-Saxon people. They were built for huge parties. They looked good. Why did William want the Domesday Book to be made? Type: Statement Choice Answers To see how much tax he could collect from the people. He wanted to upset the people. Because he was nosey. His officials needed work. No.7: The Feudal system 2 Put the following people in order of importance in the Feudal System Answers Correct Order C - B - E - D - A Type: Ranking Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Serfs Nobles King Villeins Lords No.8: Law and order and control Type: Missing Part In Medieval England, people accused of a crime could to prove their innocence. Answers go through trial by battle say they were sorry hide go to the police station

10 KS3 History 02: How did medieval monarchs keep control? Exercise No: 3 Name: Expanding control No.9: The Normans and Wales Why were the Normans able to conquer Wales? Choose 2 correct answers. Answers Edward I invaded with a large and powerful army. Type: Multiple Choice Edward I built huge stone castles to show his power. William I was very quick to march into Wales. Henry I encouraged large scale Norman settlement in Wales. Henry III bribed Llewelyn the Great to give him his country. No.10: The Normans and Scotland Type: Missing Part King David was able to extend Norman influence over Scotland by and these mixed with Scottish culture very successfully. Answers bringing Norman customs and ideas with him defeating the Scots in many battles buying Edinburgh Castle wearing a thistle in his coat No.11: The Normans in Ireland Type: Multiple Choice What changes did the Normans bring to Ireland after their invasion? There are 2 correct answers. Answers They taught the Irish new methods of farming. Towns sprang up around the castles the Normans built. The Normans started to build new motorways. The Normans made Belfast the capital of Ireland. The Normans let the Irish elect their own King. No.12: Church and State - the murder of Becket Type: Multiple Choice Why did Henry and Becket quarrel? There are 2 correct answers. Answers Becket was not prepared to allow the King to control the Church Becket asked the Pope to punish an archbishop who had supported King Henry Henry stopped going to Church Becket refused to pay the King more taxes Becket wanted better wages

11 KS3 History 02: How did medieval monarchs keep control? Exercise No: 4 Name: Problems of control No.13: King John Why did King John quarrel with his barons? There are 2 correct answers. Answers England suffered a number of defeats in France. Type: Multiple Choice John increased taxes to pay for the wars in France. He wanted to take their land from them. He didn't want to be King. They wanted him to rule them more harshly. No.14: Magna Carta Type: Multiple Choice What were TWO of the changes that the Magna Carta was designed to bring about? Answers No-one would be punished without a trial. The church was free to make its own appointments. John was able to win the war in France. Sport was made legal. Church land was to be forever free. No.15: Medieval Women Type: Ranking Order the following occupations from what most women did to what fewest women did in Medieval Society. Answers Correct Order E - B - D - C - A Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Queen Shopkeepers Leading troops in battle Writers Spinners No.16: Queen Matilda Type: Statement Choice Why did Stephen and his barons not accept Matilda as Queen? Answers Because she was a woman who was married to an enemy. Because she was too rich. Because she was not courageous. Because she had no children.

12 KS3 History 02: How did medieval monarchs keep control? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer How and with what success did the Normans expand their control over Britain? William the Conqueror defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in He still faced opposition and spent the next 20 years attacking enemies and establishing legal control via the Feudal System and by making people pay taxes. Monarchs used the Church to ensure that people stayed in check. Other Medieval monarchs expanded their control over Wales, Ireland and Scotland and also dealt with opposition within the Church fiercely. However, some Kings did have trouble and had to listen to the people's wishes. This led to the Magna Carta being granted in which showed that some monarchs had to compromise.

13 KS3 History 03: How hard was life for medieval people in town and country? Exercise No: 1 Name: Middle Ages No.1: The Feudal System Why did the feudal system work? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because the kings and lords could control their lands and the peasants were protected. No.2: The Domesday Book Because the church was not involved in the system. Because the kings had no control over their lands. Because the lords and the peasants received lots of money. Type: Missing Part English people nicknamed William's survey the Domesday Book because and they had no right of appeal. Answers it was like being judged by him it was the end of the world they did not understand it it was too long No.3: The Information Type: Multiple Choice What information did the Domesday book provide William with? There are TWO correct answers. Answers How much land each landowner had in England. What land and cattle he himself owned in the country. How many cars there were. What religion people were. Who was hiding from him. No.4: The Writers Type: Missing Part William the Conqueror ordered the Domesday book to be made It showed him who owned what in the country so he could tax people. Answers so that he could extend his power over England. for his wife. because he liked reading. for future generations to study.

14 KS3 History 03: How hard was life for medieval people in town and country? Exercise No: 2 Name: Country No.5: The Luttrell Psalter Why is the Luttrell Psalter so important to historians? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because the illustrations tell us what life was like in the Middle Ages. No.6: The peasants' lifestyle Because it is so old and has been preserved so well. Because it is so beautifully illustrated in colour. Because the text tells us what life was like in the Middle Ages. Type: Multiple Choice Why were the lives of peasants so hard in Medieval England? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because their living conditions and hygiene meant that many died very young. Because they had to pay out so much of their income in taxation. Because they had to bathe so often. Because they could not afford electricity. Because their houses were too big to keep clean. No.7: Daily Life When were you most likely to die in the Middle Ages? Answers All of these Type: Statement Choice When you are born. When you give birth. When you are a baby. No.8: Village life What is a Tithe barn? Type: Statement Choice Answers Where the crops that are going to be paid in taxes to the Church are kept. Where the peasants can gather firewood. Where the crops are taken to be ground into flour. Where the Lord and Lady of the Manor hold celebrations.

15 KS3 History 03: How hard was life for medieval people in town and country? Exercise No: 3 Name: Towns No.9: Towns How could a serf become a freeman? Type: Statement Choice Answers By staying for one year and one day without their lord finding them. No.10: Guilds By becoming a craftsman. By becoming a merchant. By applying to the council. Type: Multiple Choice Why were guilds so important in Medieval England? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They guaranteed standards amongst craftsmen. They provided career opportunities for young boys They stopped members from getting married. They prevented anyone who wasn't a guild member selling within a town at all times. They made goods cheaper. No.11: Merchants Type: Statement Choice How did the merchants become rich? Answers By trading in goods from other countries. By receiving payment from the lords. By buying a charter from the lords. All of these. No.12: Health and Medicine Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were NOT causes of illness according to the beliefs of the Medieval people? Answers Germs getting into wounds after surgery. Getting very close to someone who is ill. God sending a punishment for sinful behaviour. The humours are unbalanced. The planets being out of line.

16 KS3 History 03: How hard was life for medieval people in town and country? Exercise No: 4 Name: Black Death No.13: The Black Death Which type of plague began in the lungs? Answers Pneumonic. Type: Statement Choice Septicaemia. Bubonic. All types of plague. No.14: Using evidence. Type: Statement Choice Which of the following is NOT used as evidence about life in the medieval village of Wharram Percy? Answers Talking to eye-witnesses. Archaeological excavations. Written evidence and pictures. Aerial photographs. No.15: The Black Death and the Peasants Revolt. Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of these people were on the side of the peasants? Answers Wat Tyler. John Ball. King Richard. The Lord Mayor. The King's Treasurer. No.16: The Peasants' Revolt Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were triggers for the Peasants' Revolt? Answers In 1381 there were huge tax rises. John Ball was imprisoned by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Peasants were angry about the Statute of Labourers. The Black Death had enabled peasants to buy their freedom from their Lord. The Black Death had led to a steady increase in wages for the peasants.

17 KS3 History 03: How hard was life for medieval people in town and country? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer Explain the connection between the Black Death and the Peasants Revolt. So many people had died during the Black Death that there was a shortage of workers. There weren t enough people to work on the land so food was scarce. Prices had risen since the Black Death. Wages had not risen as fast, so the peasants suffered from hunger and shortages. To encourage those who had survived to stay on their manor, many lords had given the peasants on their estates their freedom and paid them to work on their land. Then the Statute of Labourers 1351 was passed to stop the peasants taking advantage of the shortage of workers and demanding more money. Many peasants feared that the lords would take back their privileges and they were prepared to fight for them, so they were ready for the Peasants Revolt in 1381.

18 KS3 History 04: How did the medieval church affect people's lives? Exercise No: 1 Name: Church buildings No.1: The Medieval Church The Catholic Church and played a leading role in many governments. Type: Missing Part Answers was the only Church in Europe during the Middle Ages chose the King in 1066 No.2: Medieval Cathedrals organised all sports in the 11th century owned everything in the Middle Ages Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following statements about cathedrals in the Middle Ages are correct? Answers Cathedrals were built to show off to visitors, pilgrims, and high officials. No.3: Medieval Church buildings Religious services were the main purpose of the cathedrals. The cathedrals were built entirely out of stone. Gargoyles were used to show what the bishop looked like. When cathedrals were built, plumbers were employed to make and fit the pipes. Why were Medieval churches so grand? There are TWO correct answers. Type: Multiple Choice Answers Because the priests felt that they were praising God more by building grand churches. No.4: The Parish Church Because the Church had a lot of money from taxes. To hold huge concerts. So that the priest had somewhere comfortable to live. To make peasants jealous. Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did the church dominate the lives of peasants? There are TWO correct answers. Answers The people had to work on church land for free. People had to pay 10% of what they earned to the church. Peasants went there to watch television. The church controlled all of the water in a village. The church owned all of the land in the village.

19 KS3 History 04: How did the medieval church affect people's lives? Exercise No: 2 Name: Influence of the Church No.5: Medieval Priests Type: Multiple Choice The medieval priest had a special place in society and everyone looked up to him. Why? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because he was usually the only person who could read or write. Because he said the mass. Because he was the wealthiest person in the village. Because he knew the Lord of the Manor. Because he was the best cook in the village. No.6: Medieval Education and the Church Type: Multiple Choice In what ways was the Church involved in education? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Many schools were held in the local parish church. Most teachers were priests or members of the clergy. It paid for all of the books. It chose all of the headteachers. It taught everyone to read and write. No.7: Medieval medicine and the Church Type: Missing Part Medieval medicine was the responsibility of the church who believed that and the only way to cure someone was to pray for them. Answers sickness was a punishment from God they could operate on patients successfully they were the best doctors sick people needed peace and quiet No.8: The Crusades Type: Multiple Choice Why did people volunteer to fight on the Crusades? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Some felt they would be forgiven by Gods for any bad deeds they had committed. They thought it was a pilgrimage for God. They wanted to leave their families. Priests forced them to go. They believed the Crusades would be fun.

20 KS3 History 04: How did the medieval church affect people's lives? Exercise No: 3 Name: The role of monasteries No.9: Medieval Monks Why did young boys become monks? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because they were clever. No.10: Life in a medieval monastery Because their families were too large. To become very rich. So that they could fight for their country. To ensure that they behaved themselves. The monks gathered in the to find out about their work for the day. Answers Chapter House Type: Multiple Choice Type: Missing Part Church Warming house Dormitory No.11: Medieval nuns Type: Multiple Choice What work did medieval nuns do? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They worked in the fields and gardens. They spent their time spinning and weaving. They provided water for the villagers. They were butchers. They were teachers. No.12: Pilgrimages Type: Multiple Choice Why did people go on pilgrimages? There are TWO correct answers. Answers To be forgiven for their sins. To be cured from an illness that they were suffering. To support their local saint. To get away from their families. For a holiday.

21 KS3 History 04: How did the medieval church affect people's lives? Exercise No: 4 Name: Discontent No.13: The Jewish community in Medieval England Which King expelled Jews from England? Answers Edward I Ty p e :Statement Choice Henry III Henry II John No.14: John Wycliffe Type: Multiple Choice Why did the Catholic Church dislike John Wycliffe? There are TWO correct answers. Answers He translated the Bible into English. He criticised abuses in the Church He was a bad priest. He didn't go to Church. He was a gambler. No.15: The Lollards Type: Statement Choice Why did the Lollards criticise the Church? Answers Because it was so wealthy and yet its followers were very poor. Because they did not like religion. Because they felt the churches were not decorated nicely. Because they were not allowed to become priests. No.16: The role of the Church Type: Ranking Place the following people in order from most important to least important, when considering their role in the Medieval Church. Answers Correct Order D - C - B - A - E Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Monks Priests Pope God Pilgrims

22 KS3 History 04: How did the medieval church affect people's lives? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer In what ways did the Medieval Church exert power over the people of England in terms of prayer, medicine, education etc? The Medieval Church was very powerful. It had a vast number of large buildings that were far bigger than the houses of peasants. Everyone believed in God, and the Church was God's representative on earth. The priest was very important as he was the representative of the Church in every village. The Church did not only concentrate on religion. It was involved in education and medicine. Some people became monks and wrote manuscripts, or spent their lives in prayer. Some people tried to criticise the Church, but they were often punished severely.

23 KS3 History 05: Elizabeth I how successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign? Exercise No: 1 Name: Religious & Domestic Problems No.1: The Middle Way Type: Missing Part Elizabeth I knew that she had to so she could have a stable, peaceful nation. Answers stop people of different religions arguing make all church services the same make sure that all Catholics were killed go to war with Spain No.2: The Catholic threat What was the 'bloody question'? Type: Statement Choice Answers Who would Catholics support if the Pope invaded England - Pope or Queen? No.3: Elizabeth's relations with Ireland. Would they kill the Queen if they were asked? Would they die for the Pope? Who would they prefer as Queen - Mary or Elizabeth? Type: Multiple Choice Which are the two true statements about Elizabeth and Ireland from the list below? Answers The people of Ireland were Catholics. There was a rebellion in Tyrone in the 1590s. The people of Ireland were Protestants. Most of the people in Ireland liked Elizabeth I. No.4: Poverty and the poor There were no more problems in Ireland after Elizabeth died. Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the groups below were true categories used to describe the poor at the time of Elizabeth I? Answers Rogues and Vagabonds The Helpless Poor The Useless Poor Thieves and Criminals The Lazy Poor

24 KS3 History 05: Elizabeth I how successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign? Exercise No: 2 Name: Mary Queen of Scots No.5: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots What was the name of Mary's son, born in 1566? Type: Statement Choice Answers James Charles William Edward No.6: Elizabeth's Spy Network Type: Missing Part Francis Walsingham was able to protect Queen Elizabeth with his spy network which helped them to uncover a plot against the Queen. Answers as they were able to decipher codes and discover secret information No.7: The Babington Plot as they were Catholics as they worked for Mary, Queen of Scots as Elizabeth paid them great amounts Which TWO of the following statements are NOT true? Answers Elizabeth was better looking than Mary. Type: Multiple Choice Mary was a Protestant. Mary was suspected of being involved in suspicious deaths in Scotland. Mary had been plotting to have Elizabeth killed. Many people wanted Mary to be queen, so she was a threat to Elizabeth. No.8: The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots Type: Missing Part Mary Queen of Scots cried out when she was about to be executed Answers God save the Queen God save the King God curse the Queen I hate the Queen

25 KS3 History 05: Elizabeth I how successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign? Exercise No: 3 Name: The Spanish Armada No.9: Reasons why Spain attacked England Which TWO of the following are correct reasons for the war? Type: Multiple Choice Answers Plots because Philip II was involved in plots to remove Elizabeth from the throne. No.10: Aims of the Spanish Armada Piracy because Elizabeth allowed her sailors to rob Spanish treasure ships. The Netherlands because Philip sent soldiers to help them fight the English. Religion because Philip was a strong Protestant. Mary Queen of Scots because she turned down Philip's offer of marriage. Type: Multiple Choice What did King Philip of Spain hope to achieve by invading England in 1588? There are 2 correct answers. Answers He wanted to bring an end to English piracy against Spanish property. He wanted to restore Roman Catholicism in England. He wanted to take money and goods out of England. He wanted to show the world how strong his Armada was. He wanted to persuade Elizabeth I to marry him. No.11: Events of the Spanish Armada What was each English boat armed with? Answers A cannon Type: Statement Choice A machine gun A catapult A musket No.12: Reasons for the Defeat of the Spanish Armada Type: Multiple Choice Identify the two correct reasons why the Spanish Armada was defeated in Answers The English set fire to ships and sailed them towards the Armada, who could not turn round in time. The weather was terrible and knocked the Spanish off course. The English had more ships. The Spanish did not try as hard. The English ships were faster.

26 KS3 History 05: Elizabeth I how successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign? Exercise No: 4 Name: Personal Problems No.13: Elizabeth I and Marriage Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following men were suggested to Elizabeth I as possible husbands? Answers King Philip II of Spain Henry Duke of Anjou Lord Darnley Earl of Bothwell Guy Fawkes No.14: Elizabeth's favourite Type: Missing Part Elizabeth encouraged men because she needed protection against her enemies from those around her. Answers to fall in love with her to fight for her to murder anyone who plotted against her to spy on people who didn't like her No.15: Elizabeth's war speech Type: Missing Part Elizabeth said that she may have the body but she had the heart of a King, and a King of England too. Answers of a weak and feeble woman of a queen of a brave and strong woman of a small and quiet woman No.16: Elizabeth's legacy Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of these have historians said were weaknesses of Elizabeth I's personality? Answers She was arrogant and refused to admit she was wrong She was vain She was stupid She was too careless with money She was too keen to make changes

27 KS3 History 05: Elizabeth I how successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer How well did Elizabeth I cope with the problems of her reign? When Elizabeth became queen, the country was split by religious arguments. She invented a middle way in an attempt to bridge the gap between Catholics and Protestants. She did have some success in this, but England was still a divided country when Elizabeth died. Catholics may never have forgiven Elizabeth for her decision to have Mary Queen of Scots executed. While it is believed that Elizabeth made this decision reluctantly, it is also true that she had no intention of allowing a Catholic to rule England. Elizabeth was very successful in re-establishing England as the strongest country in the world. The Spanish Armada was feared around Europe, but Elizabeth's navy left the Armada completely defeated by sending fireships into the tightly packed Spanish ships. Elizabeth also faced the problem of being probably the most powerful woman in the history of England. She once said that she had 'the body of a weak and feeble woman', but she was also much braver and intelligent than most of the Kings who had ruled before her, including her father Henry VIII. We can see evidence of Elizabeth's bravery and independence in the fact that, despite pressure from all sides, she never got married. She thought she was capable of ruling without a man's help, and she proved that this was correct. Elizabeth dealt skilfully and bravely with all of the problems of her reign and, in many ways, had a very successful reign.

28 KS3 History 06: What were the achievements of the Islamic states ? Exercise No: 1 Name: Nature of Islam No.1: Islam Type: Missing Part Muslims originated from Saudi Arabia and their main belief who they call Allah. Answers is in one God is in peace and tranquility is written in the Bible is to travel at night because it is so hot No.2: Muhammad Type: Multiple Choice What did Muhammad begin to teach after he was visited by an angel? There are TWO correct answers. Answers It was wrong to worship idols It was wrong to be greedy It was wrong to steal Wealth was good Mecca was bad No.3: The Quran Why is the text in the Quran so remarkable? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because the verses have not changed for 14 centuries. Because many people read it Because it comes from Saudi Arabia Because it is written in another language No.4: The 5 Pillars of Islam Place the 5 pillars of Islam in their original order. Answers Correct Order C - D - A - E - B Type: Ranking Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Zakat: The duty to provide charity to the poor Hajj: To go to Mecca once during a Muslim's life Shahada: The duty to recite the Muslim creed Salat: To pray to God 5 times a day Siyam: To fast at Ramadan

29 KS3 History 06: What were the achievements of the Islamic states ? Exercise No: 2 Name: Rise of Islam No.5: The spread of Islam After leaving Mecca where did Muhammad and his followers go? Answers Medina Type: Statement Choice Iran Iraq Egypt No.6: The 4 Caliphs Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did the Caliphs after Muhammad make Islam more powerful? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They took land from the Persian and Roman empires They united Arabian people and made a great army They stayed in Arabia building up their power They bought big palaces They invaded Britain No.7: Caliph Umar (Omar) Type: Missing Part This story of Umar and the little girl represents and it shows that Umar was a merciful and wise leader. Answers a story about being honest a little girl disobeying her mother Calpih Umar being too lenient with the girl's mother an actual story that happened No.8: Baghdad Why did Baghdad grow to be so powerful? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because it was central to many trade routes Because it had a great mosque Because it had 4 gates Because it was so beautiful

30 KS3 History 06: What were the achievements of the Islamic states ? Exercise No: 3 Name: Achievements No.9: Arab contributions to Maths and Science Type: Multiple Choice Which 2 elements of science and mathematics moved forward as a result of Islamic achievements in this period? Answers Medicine. No.10: Khwarizmi Algebra. Quantum physics. Transplants. Electronics. Which of the following discoveries is Khwarizmi most associated with? Answers The first map of the world Type: Statement Choice Latin Cotton Russian literature No.11: Islamic Architecture Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following are strong characteristics of Islamic architecture? Answers Decorative interiors. Large domes. Stained glass windows. Crucifixes. Greek columns. No.12: Impact of Arab numbers on the West Type: Statement Choice What new number did the Arab people introduce to the European numbering system? Answers

31 KS3 History 06: What were the achievements of the Islamic states ? Exercise No: 4 Name: Crusades and beyond No.13: The Crusades 2 Type: Multiple Choice Why did the Christians go to Jerusalem to fight the Muslims in control of the area? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because Jerusalem was a holy Christian city No.14: Saladin and the later Crusades Knights were being given a chance for glory and wealth Because they were violent They didn't want to stay at home with their familes They were not religious Type: Multiple Choice In what ways could Saladin be described as a great ruler? There are TWO correct answers. Answers He did not allow his men to kill civilians when he captured Jerusalem No.15: The rise of the Ottomans He was merciful and helped his enemy when he was ill He won a great battle against Richard the Lionheart at Arsur His enemies hated him He allowed his men to take anything they could steal when capturing a city In what year did the Ottomans take over the last parts of the Roman empire? Answers No.16: Suleiman the Magnificent Type: Statement Choice Type: Missing Part Suleiman was known as Magnificent because under his leadership This improved his army and the state of his whole empire. Answers Ottoman power grew through victories in battle and he passed many reforms. he took over England. he invented gunpowder. he discovered the USA.

32 KS3 History 06: What were the achievements of the Islamic states ? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer In what ways were the Islamic states so successful in the period ? Expert Teacher Answer After the beginning of Islam, the Prophet Muhammad was followed by 4 great Caliphs - under whom the extent of their empire grew quickly. It quickly expanded through the Middle East especially under Umar - who was a great warrior and just leader. However as Muslim influence expanded there were a number of different groups within Islam that vied for power and in the 760s a great new Islamic city was built in Baghdad, a city which grew rich on trade etc. This city rivalled Mecca in many ways. Apart from its great armies that invaded Europe and destroyed the old Roman Empire, Islam became a focal point for medieval discoveries in Science and Mathematics. Many Arab mathematicians invented different strands of maths - includinding algebra and trigonometry. Even the number Zero can be attributed to Islamic mathematicians. In science many Arab scientists produced new inventions- including the first watch, the pendulum, the telescope and perhaps even photography. Books on human and animal anatomy were produced and in geographical terms - the first map of the world. Arab discoveries then covered many fields and contributed much to the development of the world. Islamic architecture also offered much beauty with its decorative buildings and vast mosques. Between the 11th and 13th centuries many Christians tried to take back their holy city of Jerusalem which had fallen under Muslim control. These battles were known as the Crusades- and were fierce contests. Muslim armies won many battles and their leaders proved to be worthy warriors. Medical science improved as a result of these wars also. By the 16th century the Ottomans had taken control of the Muslim empire and it stretched from Saudi Arabia across Europe and into Africa. The achievements of the Islamic states in many fields were vast- and their power held firm for many more years.

33 KS3 History 07: Images of an age what can we learn from portraits ? Exercise No: 1 Name: Tudor Monarchs - Who were they? No.1: Propaganda Type: Missing Part Propaganda has been used throughout history to ensure that loyalty is retained. Answers to influence how people think, to stop people being patriotic, to make people like others, to make people hate others, No.2: Henry VIII (3) Henry VIII had six wives but what he most wanted was Answers a son Type: Statement Choice a daughter a brother a sister No.3: Elizabeth I Type: Multiple Choice Why was Elizabeth I an unusual monarch at the time? There are TWO correct answers. Answers She was a woman She never got married She went to war with Spain She wore a wig She was a Protestant No.4: Images of Elizabeth T y p e :Multiple Choice In what TWO ways did Elizabeth want to portray herself in portraits? Answers As a strong queen As a wise queen As a married queen As a weak woman As someone who needed the help of a man

34 KS3 History 07: Images of an age what can we learn from portraits ? Exercise No: 2 Name: Using portraits as positive propaganda No.5: Portrait of Henry VIII Type: Multiple Choice How did Henry want to be portrayed in these pictures? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Powerful Wealthy Weak Foolish Artistic No.6: Elizabeth I and portraits Type: Statement Choice Which of the following statements describes how Elizabeth controlled what portraits were painted of her? Answers Only people commissioned by her were allowed to paint her Only people who said they liked her were allowed to paint her Only qualified artists were allowed to paint her Only people who had seen her were allowed to paint her No.7: Elizabeth I - The Globe Portrait Type: Missing Part The Ditchley Portrait showing storm clouds and the sun with Elizabeth rising above. Answers contrasts the Armada's defeat with the English victory, shows the weather on the day, signifies a marriage between Elizabeth and Philip, compares Spanish and English climates, No.8: Anne of Cleves (2) Type: Statement Choice What did Henry VIII do when he saw the flattering portrait of Anne of Cleves? Answers He asked her to marry him He asked for another picture of her He sailed to Germany to find her He had Jane Seymour (his third wife) executed

35 KS3 History 07: Images of an age what can we learn from portraits ? Exercise No: 3 Name: Using portraits as negative propaganda No.9: Propaganda about Richard III Type: Missing Part Henry Tudor wanted to make people believe that Richard III so that he could take over as king Answers murdered his nephews was not English had been killed did not believe in God No.10: Richard III - Portrait of an evil man? Type: Multiple Choice How did Henry Tudor use portraits and propaganda? There are TWO correct answers. Answers To make himself more popular To make people dislike Richard III To make people leave the country To make people want to kill Richard III To make people want a queen instead of a king No.11: Anne Boleyn (3) Type: Statement Choice What did later portraits of Anne Boleyn show her to have which made her seem unusual? Answers Six fingers Six toes One eye Big ears No.12: The much-feared Spanish Armada Type: Statement Choice Which of the following do you think wasn't a reason why people were so scared of The Spanish Armada? Answers They knew their own navy was weak. People had heard by word of mouth that the Armada was frightening. They had seen pictures of The Spanish Armada looking fierce. The Spanish king said his Armada was to be feared.

36 KS3 History 07: Images of an age what can we learn from portraits ? Exercise No: 4 Name: What can we learn from portraits? No.13: Portrait of Henry VII Type: Statement Choice Henry VII was not very popular when he became king because he was very young. He used the portrait you have seen to overcome this by Answers making himself look thoughtful and wise showing that he liked to wear a hat showing that he had nice jewellery making himself appear good looking No.14: The Changing Faces of Henry VIII Type: Statement Choice Henry became massively overweight and incompetent in later life. Why do you think this is not shown in his later portraits? Answers To stop him becoming unpopular with the people Because he always dieted before he was due to be painted Because he wanted women to find him attractive The people who painted the portraits were not very skilled No.15: Catherine of Aragon - Changing Images Type: Statement Choice Catherine of Aragon is made to look attractive in the early portrait and made to look very unattractive in the later portrait. Why? Answers Henry wanted to make her unpopular so he could get a divorce. Henry found her more attractive than before The second portrait painter was no good at his job Catherine put on a lot of weight as she got older. No.16: The Rainbow Portrait of Elizabeth I Type: Missing Part Elizabeth is pictured with a snake woven into her sleeve to the people who doubted her because she was a woman Answers because she wanted to appear wise because she wanted to appear threatening because she wanted to appear small because she wanted to appear sneaky

37 KS3 History 07: Images of an age what can we learn from portraits ? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer Why were portraits so important in Tudor times? We must remember that in Tudor times there were no photographs or television, and the only time people got to see their king or queen was through a portrait. For this reason, kings and queens were very keen that they should be painted in a positive light. Henry VIII was always keen that his many faults were not known by the public. As he got older there were rumours that he had got very fat, and he was also very greedy and wasteful with money. To counter these rumours, Henry would have himself painted looking very thoughtful or attractive. His daughter Elizabeth I also knew the importance of portraits. Many people doubted her because she was a woman, and even more so when she refused to get married, but she would have portraits painted of her with many meaningful symbols. For example, the famous rainbow portrait shows her with a snake (representing wisdom) and a rainbow (representing peace). Tudor monarchs also knew how to use portraits to make their enemies look bad. Henry VII argued with Richard III over who should be king, so he used portraits to make Richard look like he had a hunched back and an ugly face. People at that time would not want somebody with physical deformities to be king. Henry VII also spread rumours that Richard III had killed his two nephews in the Tower of London. Modern historians have shown that this is probably not true. Henry VIII had beautiful paintings of his wives painted, but when he grew tired of them he had very unattractive pictures painted to make his wives less popular. He would then be able to divorce them. He himself was tricked by a portrait, however, when he fell in love with Anne of Cleves after seeing a very flattering painting of her. When she arrived, he found she was very ugly and the marriage only lasted a very short time! Portraits do not tell us everything about the time, but they are very useful in showing us how each of the Tudor monarchs wanted to be perceived by the people of England.

38 KS3 History 08: The civil wars - was England 'turned upside down' in the seventeenth century? Exercise No: 1 Name: Causes 2 No.1: Overview of the Civil War Type: Multiple Choice What were the main causes of the Civil War in England? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Religion The King charged too much in taxes Oliver Cromwell wanted to be King King Charles bullied the people of England The King spent too much money on himself No.2: Charles I Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were NOT things that Charles I did that upset the English? Answers He liked simple Church services He had his hair cut short He closed Parliament for 11 years He collected high taxes His love of expensive art No.3: Short term causes of the War Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did the Short and Long Parliaments attack King Charles' authority? Choose TWO answers. Answers The Short Parliament refused to give him an army The Long Parliament attacked his advisors The Short Parliament tried to fight with Charles' enemies The Long Parliament fought against the Scots Both Parliaments said that Charles was a bad King No.4: The Grand Remonstrance Type: Ranking Place the following events in the order in which they happened in the build up to the Civil War. Answers Correct Order D - E - A - B - C Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Charles attempted to arrest 5 MPs. Parliament organised its own army. Charles raised his standard at Nottingham. The execution of Stafford. The Grand Remonstrance from Parliament.

39 KS3 History 08: The civil wars - was England 'turned upside down' in the seventeenth century? Exercise No: 2 Name: War No.5: 5. Taking sides Which people fought on the side of the King? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Most of the nobles. Type: Multiple Choice Poor people from the north and west. Rich London manufacturers. Merchants. Puritans. No.6: Tactics during the Civil War Type: Statement Choice What did Cromwell develop in order to combat the charge of Prince Rupert's cavalry? Answers Pikemen Guns The New Model Army Shelters No.7: An overview of the Civil War Type: Missing Part The New Model Army won a decisive at the Battle of Naseby in 1645, leaving his army shattered. Answers victory against King Charles football match beauty contest pay rise No.8: The trial of the King Why did John Bradshaw wear an iron hat? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because he was afraid of attacks by supporters of King Charles He was a Roundhead It was a new fashion statement Cromwell ordered this

40 KS3 History 08: The civil wars - was England 'turned upside down' in the seventeenth century? Exercise No: 3 Name: Politics No.9: The Levellers Which TWO of the following were reforms that the Levellers were demanding? Answers Annual elections Type: Multiple Choice Abolition of the Monarchy The murder of Oliver Cromwell Higher taxes More power for the House of Lords No.10: The Diggers Type: Missing Part The Diggers believed that everyone but their ideas upset local landowners and they were attacked and forced from the land. Answers was equal and should live off the land deserved to earn as much money as possible should live in peace and support the King should respect the Church No.11: The Rump Parliament Type: Missing Part After the execution of Charles I and was governed by the Rump Parliament. Answers England became a Republic everyone was sad people looked for another King there was a war with France No.12: England under Oliver Cromwell Type: Multiple Choice Which of these reforms did Cromwell pass? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Christmas was banned Women and girls were forced to wear long black dresses Saints' days were held every month Pubs were opened for longer hours Football was played only on Sundays

41 KS3 History 08: The civil wars - was England 'turned upside down' in the seventeenth century? Exercise No: 4 Name: The end - monarchy restored No.13: Cromwell and Ireland Why did Cromwell treat the citizens of Drogheda so mercilessly? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because they ignored his demand to surrender and he hated Catholics No.14: Cromwell's death and legacy Because they opposed him Because they wanted to restore the King Because they were Protestants Type: Multiple Choice Why has Cromwell been judged unfairly by historians? There are TWO correct answers. Answers His role in Charles' execution has made him a villain No.15: Charles II His command of the army made him a dictator Because he was a nice man His paintings make him look ugly He wasn't very religious Type: Statement Choice Where did Charles I advise his son to go whilst the Civil War was being fought? Answers France USA Holland Spain No.16: The Restoration Why was King Charles II restored? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because he agreed to share power and restore stability to England Because his father had demanded it Because he was a Puritan Because England needed another Cromwell

42 KS3 History 08: The civil wars - was England 'turned upside down' in the seventeenth century? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer What were the causes of the Civil Wars in England and what effect did they have on the way the country was run after 1649? The Civil War had many causes. King Charles I believed that he had inherited his power from God and could not be questioned. However, many people in Parliament questioned his extravagant lifestyle and his demands for taxes like Ship Money. Charles decided that he could rule without Parliament and he did so - for 11 years! This caused some anger. His religious policies also caused problems- as his adviser William Laud tried to make Church services more ornate- upsetting Puritans. In Scotland when he tried to make the Scots use the English Prayer book, England was attacked by a Scottish army and forced to give in. Parliament was recalled and tried to force Charles to do as they wished, but he retaliated by trying to arrest 5 MPs who had criticised him. Parliament raised its own army and Civil War began. The results of the Civil War were varied. Parliament's army became well-trained and disciplined and defeated Charles in a number of battles. Politically, Charles was executed and England became a country without a King- led first by Parliament and then by the military dictator, Cromwell. Socially- Cromwell pursued a policy of religious toleration - although Puritan beliefs were enforced on daily lifeincluding the banning of Christmas and the wearing of plain, simple clothes in dark colours. Many groups spoke out against him- including the Levellers and the Diggers- but these groups were dealt with harshly, as were the threats from Ireland and Scotland. When he retired he encouraged his son to take his position, but unable to live up to the task, some civil war soldiers asked Charles' son - also Charles to return and restore stability to England. However, because of the results of the Civil War he had to agree to share power with Parliament

43 KS3 History 09: From Glorious Revolution to the '45 how united was the kingdom? Exercise No: 1 Name: Glorious Revolution No.1: The Warming pan baby Type: Missing Part June , James II and his wife gave birth to a son that the throne would pass to another Catholic Answers and Protestants were unhappy and the whole country was delighted and Catholics were unhappy and James didn't care No.2: James II Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following statements about actions of King James are INCORRECT? Answers He had a son who would be a Protestant. He took away rights from Catholics under the Declaration of Indulgence. He tried to get Parliament to repeal the Test Act. He converted to Catholicism. He sent Protestant Bishops to the Tower of London for opposing him. No.3: The Glorious Revolution Type: Statement Choice Why were William and Mary able to defeat James so easily in the Glorious Revolution? Answers Because James's army deserted him Because James was not a good soldier Because they had more men Because William was a good commander No.4: The Declaration of Rights Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did the Bill of Rights take power away from the monarchy of England? There are TW O correct answers. Answers There was to be freedom of debate within Parliament. Parliaments were to be held frequently. Parliament told William and Mary that they could not be rulers of England. Parliament told the monarch when he or she should retire. Only Catholics could become King.

44 KS3 History 09: From Glorious Revolution to the '45 how united was the kingdom? Exercise No: 2 Name: Ireland No.5: James II and Ireland Type: Missing Part In March 1689, James II landed in Ireland with a force of French soldiers and in his fight against William III. Answers Irish Catholics joined him in sympathy the Irish population rejected him quickly decided that he didn t want the Irish to help was quickly defeated No.6: The siege of Derry Type: Multiple Choice How was the city of Derry saved from capture by James and his army? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Defenders from within the city walls fought bravely British warships broke through the besieging forces It sent messengers begging for mercy James became bored after 105 days The inhabitants ran away No.7: The Battle of the Boyne Type: Statement Choice Why did James lose the Battle of the Boyne? Answers William's army was better trained and equipped William was wounded James spent the night before the battle in a Church James had more men No.8: The aftermath in Ireland At which battle were the Jacobite forces finally defeated? Type: Statement Choice Answers Aughrim Limerick Boyne Dublin

45 KS3 History 09: From Glorious Revolution to the '45 how united was the kingdom? Exercise No: 3 Name: Scotland and the Union No.9: William of Orange and Scotland Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did William prove to be a disappointment for the Scottish people? There are TWO correct answers. Answers He blocked English investment in the Company of Scotland He refused the help of the Royal navy when the Scots were attacked by the Spanish at Darien He was not a good King William attacked Scottish people without good reason He cut Scotland off from the English empire No.10: Killiecrankie Type: Ranking Place the following events of the Battle of Killiecrankie in chronological order Answers Correct Order D - E - A - C - B Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Dundee gave the order for his forces to advance Mackay's forces fled Dundee was killed by government forces Government forces marched towards Inverness Dundee's forces set up position by Blair Atholl No.11: Massacre of Glencoe Type: Missing Part Massacre at Glencoe showed Sir Dalrymple ruthlessness when on his orders because of their links with the Jacobites Answers MacDonald clan were massacred Campbell clan were wiped out English forces were allowed to steal as much as they could attacked all of the highlanders No.12: The Act of Union Type: Statement Choice How have historians explained the acceptance of the Act of Union by Scottish MPs? Answers They claim that they were bribed to make them accept it They were given seats in the House of Lords MPs were threatened to ensure they signed it The people of Scotland wanted it

46 KS3 History 09: From Glorious Revolution to the '45 how united was the kingdom? Exercise No: 4 Name: The Jacobite Rebellions No.13: James Edward Stuart What was James Edward Stuart's claim to the throne? Answers He was the son of James II Type: Statement Choice He served in the French army He was Scottish He was friends with the Earl of Mar No.14: 1715 Rebellion Type: Multiple Choice Why did the 1715 uprising fail? There are TWO correct answers. Answers James fled back to France. The Jacobites failed to rally enough support. The English troops were stronger. James wanted to live in Rome. The Scottish troops proved to be poor soldiers. No.15: Bonnie Prince Charlie Place the following events in chronological order. Answers Correct Order C - E - B - D - A Type: Ranking Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Charles escaped to France. The Jacobites defeated the English at Prestonpans and then invaded England. The French promised troops to help the Jacobite cause. The Jacobites fought against the English at Culloden Moor. Charles Stuart left France with 700 men. No.16: The aftermath Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were the most significant consequences of the aftermath of Culloden? Answers The British were able to concentrate on expanding their empire without threats at home. The Jacobite cause ended with the exile of Bonnie Prince Charlie. Kilts were banned. English soldiers were merciful to the Scots. James Edward Stuart planned another attack on Scotland.

47 KS3 History 09: From Glorious Revolution to the '45 how united was the kingdom? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer How united was the Kingdom between 1688 and 1746? Expert Teacher Answer Between 1688 and 1745 there were many problems in England, Scotland and Ireland- mainly caused by religion. The split between Catholics and Protestants that had emerged during the Reformation continued to divide people. James II was King in 1688, but his Catholic tendencies caused much trouble. He had similar tendencies to his father- Charles I - in that he felt he could ignore Parliament. He appointed Catholics to the Privy Council and in 1687 James introduced the Declaration of Indulgence. This restored rights to Catholics and Dissenting Protestants. People who protested against the Declaration of Indulgence were sent to prison. When, in 1688, James forced all the Anglican clergy to read the Declaration in their churches, he met with opposition. The final straw came with the birth of a son- James - who many claimed had been smuggled into his wife's room and wasn't their child at all! In 1688 a group of Anglican MPs called for William of Orange and James' daughter Mary to take the throne as practising Protestants. William arrived in England with a force of men and James soon fled- his men abandoning him. However he did find support in France and in the Catholic strongholds of Scotland and Ireland. It was from Ireland that he decided to launch an attempt to win back his throne in although William defeated him at the Battle of the Boyne in Catholics in Ireland were promised freedom of religion - but in the years that followed this was not allowed. This became a source of much discontent. In Scotland William of Orange was similarly hated when he refused to allow investments in Scottish imperial ventures. However- it was the massacre of the MacDonald Clan at Glencoe that saw highland hatred for William increase. In 1707 the Act of Union also angered many Scots who wanted to remain independent. The focal point of Scottish unrest became the son of James II - James Edward Stuart- who led severall rebellions in the period to although these all failed. When he decided to remain in exile- it was his son - Bonnie Prince Charlie who roused Scottish hopes once more in He led his men into England - to Preston and as far as Derby - but he was forced to turn back and despite a gallant victory at Falkirk, the Jacobite cause was effectively ended at Culloden. However the brutal murder of Scottish clansmen by English troops after this meant that Scottish hatred towards the Union continued.

48 KS3 History 10: France why was there a revolution? Exercise No: 1 Name: Causes 3 No.1: Background Type: Ranking Put the following people in the order they would have appeared in French society prior to the Revolution (from highest to lowest). Answers Correct Order C - E - D - B - A Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Peasants. Wealthy merchants. The King. A noble with little money. A wealthy archbishop in the Church. No.2: Origins of the Revolution What was the main, direct cause of the Revolution? Type: Statement Choice Answers The government was in a terrible financial state and had no money left. No.3: The King and Queen People were fed up with the King. France had just been beaten in a war. There were no jobs available. Type: Multiple Choice Which two of the following statements help to explain why Marie Antoinette was so unpopular as the Queen of the French people? Answers She spent enormous amounts on clothes and luxury items. She was Austrian and not French. She was a lovely person. She hated French people. She did not want to do any work. No.4: What did the People want? Type: Missing Part Louis XVI had run out of money and was forced to discuss how he could raise money. Answers to call a meeting of the States-General to starve to sell his Royal jewels to borrow money from a bank

49 KS3 History 10: France why was there a revolution? Exercise No: 2 Name: Moderate Revolution No.5: What did middle class people want? Type: Multiple Choice Which two of the following statements help to explain why the Third Estate moved out to the Tennis Court? Answers Because Louis XVI had closed their meeting hall. Because they wanted to take charge of the Estates-General. Because the Abbe Sieyes needed to count them. Because this was where the King wanted them to meet. Because they wanted to play tennis. No.6: The Tennis Court Oath Type: Missing Part The Oath stated 'We swear never to separate ourselves from and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations. Answers the National Assembly, the monarchy, France, the Church, No.7: The Bastille Type: Multiple Choice Which two of the following help to explain why the common people of Paris were angry with the King at this time? Answers The price of food was high and bread was in short supply. Soldiers were arriving in Paris and they thought they were going to be used against them. They did not like the Tennis Court Oath. They were unhappy with the King's wealth. They did not want to be part of the new National Assembly. No.8: 8. The storming of the Bastille Type: Statement Choice How many prisoners were released by the revolutionaries after the Bastille was stormed? Answers Seven. Two. Three. Six.

50 KS3 History 10: France why was there a revolution? Exercise No: 3 Name: Radicalism No.9: The Constitution of 1791 Type: Multiple Choice Which two of the following describe the powers of the Assembly under the new 1791 constitution? Answers It had control over the army and could declare war. It had the power to raise taxes It could dismiss the King It could tell the King what to do It could veto the King No.10: The flight to Varennes Type: Missing Part The King decided to escape from France and the Revolution, and brought back to Paris, where crowds of people mocked and jeered him. Answers but was caught at Varennes because he had too much responsibility because he was fed up of being King because he wanted to go to England No.11: Attacks on the King Why did the King lose his position as a constitutional monarch? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because he would not accept revolutionary changes to the Church. No.12: The execution of the King Because he would not listen to the people. Because people hated his wife. Because he was a bad King. As a result of the execution of Louis XVI which is a state without a King Answers France became a Republic, Type: Missing Part people were very upset, his son became King, the death penalty was made illegal,

51 KS3 History 10: France why was there a revolution? Exercise No: 4 Name: The Terror and the end of the Revolution No.13: Different revolutionary groups T y p e :Multiple Choice Choose TWO correct endings for this sentence: Jacobins were much more radical than the Girondin revolutionaries, because they believed in Answers violent attacks on anyone who did not support the Revolution. the execution of the King. granting equality to black slaves in French colonies. war with Austria. telling lies. No.14: The Terror Type: Ranking Place the following victims of the Reign of Terror in the order that they were killed (from first to last). Answers Correct Order B - C - E - A - D Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Danton. The King. Louis Charles. Robespierre. Marie Antoinette. No.15: The end of the Revolution Type: Statement Choice Why did the Revolution end? Answers People grew tired of the bloodshed and terror. The French wanted their King back. The Directory forced people to accept them under pain of death. Napoleon became the leader of the Jacobins. No.16: The effects of the Revolution Type: Multiple Choice Which two of the following statements are incorrect? Answers The Revolution showed modern leaders like Hitler how to be fair. The Revolution divided France. The Revolution showed how fair elections could be. Revolutionary wars brought in the age of modern warfare. Robespierre was killed.

52 KS3 History 10: France why was there a revolution? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer Why was there a Revolution in France and what were its effects? Under the Ancien Regime, France was a country where inequality was the norm. The poorest people were unfairly taxed and only the King had any say in how the country was run. However, after a number of wars and because of some excessive spending by his Austrian wife, Louis XVI ran out of money and he had to call a meeting of the Estates-General to raise new taxes. The nobles and middle classes said that they wanted a greater say in how things were done. Louis at first refused, but after the Middle Classes swore their Tennis Court Oath- Louis knew he would have to agree to their demands. Radical working class people in the towns were also unhappy with the King and demanded changes. Their unhappiness can be seen when they stormed the Bastille and made the King accept the Revolution and its changes. One big effect of the Revolution was the execution of the King who refused to accept all of the changes and tried to escape from Paris. He was caught at Varennes and despite agreeing to a new constitution, he still refused to compromise on the Church reforms and was executed in After this a period of Terror was started by radical Jacobins who put to death a number of people who disagreed with the Revolution including Marie Antoinette. The effects on France were devastating and in 1794 the Terror ended. It was finally replaced by the Directory until Napoleon Bonaparte stabilised France after The Revolution brought many changes - including the ending of the Monarchy, and a fair spreading of taxation across all classes.

53 KS3 History 11: Industrial changes action and reaction Exercise No: 1 Name: Causes No.1: Before the industrial revolution Before the Industrial Revolution, Britain's society was used to T y p e :Statement Choice Answers producing things on a small-scale for their local communities. selling huge quantities abroad. sunny weather. importing all of their food. No.2: Domestic System Type: Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true about the Domestic system? There are TWO correct answers. Answers The goods that were made were of a poor quality. Production was fast. Workers could work at their own speed. Children would be under the watch of their parents. Power and big machines could not be used. No.3: New inventions Type: Ranking Place the following machines of the Industrial Revolution in the order they were invented. Answers Correct Order B - E - D - A - C Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Cartwright invented the power loom. Kay's flying shuttle was invented to cut cotton faster. The telephone was invented. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to clean cotton faster. Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny. No.4: Richard Arkwright Type: Missing Part Arkwright helped to develop the Water-Frame in order to produce thread that was much stronger than that produced by the Spinning Jenny. Answers which needed a large power supply as a hobby with his local barber which was very small

54 KS3 History 11: Industrial changes action and reaction Exercise No: 2 Name: Changes No.5: Factories 2 Why were children employed in the factories? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because they were cheap and could be bullied Type: Multiple Choice Because they were small enough to clean under the machines Because they enjoyed the work Because factory owners were kind Because their parents did not want to work No.6: Mining Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following did NOT help to improve conditions for workers in the mines? Answers The improvement of the steam engine by Watt. No.7: Farming 2 The development of factories by Arkwright. The Mines report of The invention of a safety lamp by Sir Humphrey Davy. The invention of an air pump by John Buddle. Type: Multiple Choice Apart from enclosing the fields and inventing new machines for producing more crops, which TWO other ideas did inventors come up with to help farming? Answers Selective breeding produced bigger farm animals. Townshend invented the idea of 4 field crop rotation. Better scarecrows were made. They made bigger tractors. They made alarm clocks for farmers. No.8: The Bridgewater Canal Why were canals needed during the Industrial Revolution? Type: Statement Choice Answers They were able to handle bigger loads and heavier weights than roads. So that the roads would be less busy for ordinary users. To have holidays on. Canals were easier to build than roads.

55 KS3 History 11: Industrial changes action and reaction Exercise No: 3 Name: Problems No.9: Life in Industrial towns Why were conditions in the towns so terrible? There are TWO correct answers. Type: Multiple Choice Answers Houses had been built cheaply and there were no building regulations. No.10: Accidents It was difficult to get fresh water supplies into some areas of towns. Because people were dirty. Because no-one lived there. There were no doctors or health-officials to help out. Type: Missing Part Dr Ward suggests unguarded machines were very dangerous because caused by unsafe machines. Answers he often had to deal with broken bones and lost fingers they would carry on without stopping he didn't like them they were very powerful No.11: Diseases Type: Multiple Choice Diseases like cholera and tuberculosis were caused by what? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Dirty, damp homes Poor hygiene and insanitary conditions Rats Sick travellers Foul smells No.12: Factory Reforms Type: Statement Choice Which factory reform ensured that machines became safer for people to operate? Answers 1844 Graham's Factory Act 1833 Althorp's Factory Act 1847 Fielder's Factory Act 1819 Factory Act

56 KS3 History 11: Industrial changes action and reaction Exercise No: 4 Name: Effects No.13: Swing Riots Type: Missing Part Swing Riots were caused by and the rioters wanted to stop the use of threshing machines on farms. Answers unemployment and low wages parks being full a lack of local facilities Water Frames being used No.14: Luddites Type: Ranking Place the following events concerning the Luddites into chronological order. Answers Correct Order A - B - C - E - D Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Luddite riots occurred in Nottinghamshire. Men were engaged to guard the factories. Machine breaking became punishable by death. Knitwear prices collapsed. 17 Luddites were executed. No.15: R a i l w a ys Which TWO of the following were NOT changes brought about by the railways? Type: Multiple Choice Answers Farmers had to pay more to get their products to market No.16: Conclusion Travel became more expensive Thousands of miles of track were built Trips to the seaside became more common Travel became quicker Which TWO of these were consequences of the Industrial Revolution? Answers The population increased. Type: Multiple Choice Improved transport, division of labour and new employeremployee relationships. The middle class stayed poor. Everyone became wealthy. People flocked to the country to live.

57 KS3 History 11: Industrial changes action and reaction Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution and how far was Britain changed by it? The Industrial Revolution was caused by many different factors. New businessmen and inventors saw a need to move away from the old-fashioned and slow way of doing things under the domestic system. They wanted to make more money and take advantage of a growing population. Inventions like the Spinning Jenny and Water Frame saw labour move into big factories around which towns sprang up. Agricultural workers were also affected as they now had to move into towns looking for work. Apart from the growth of factories, transport also improved with the development of canals, roads and railways. There were however many problems, including unemployment, overcrowded housing in the cities and conditions in the cities were so poor that they led to the outbreak of diseases like cholera. Dissatisfied workers also attacked the changes that were taking place - for example the Luddites and the Swing Rioters. However, by the end of the 19th century things were improving with factory reforms, and with the growth of railways, providing cheap travel. Interestingly enough, industrialisation did not change all businesses into big money-making ventures - most businesses in Britain were still small-scale.

58 KS3 History 12: Snapshot 1900 what was British middle-class life like? Exercise No: 1 Name: Middle class values No.1: The classes in 1900 Type: Ranking Place the following people in the order that they would have appeared in society in Britain and the USA in 1900 (from highest to lowest). Answers Correct Order C - D - E - B - A Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Factory workers. Blacksmiths. Queen Victoria. Factory owners. A shop-owner. No.2: The rise of the Middle Class Type: Statement Choice Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Answers All middle class people were rich. The middle class worked in a variety of occupations. The working class were in general poorer than the middle class. Some middle class people worked in industry. No.3: The Victorian family Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following beliefs would a Victorian family NOT have held? Answers Children could be cheeky to their parents Children could stay in bed as long as they wanted Children should know their place Education mattered Politeness was essential No.4: Middle class women Type: Multiple Choice How did the life of middle class women change in the Victorian period? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They spent more time with their children Motherhood was seen as the ideal occupation for middle class women They could go out to work They became more liberated They were more mature

59 KS3 History 12: Snapshot 1900 what was British middle-class life like? Exercise No: 2 Name: Occupations No.5: William Henry Charlton- a middle class artist Type: Missing Part William Henry Charlton was a middle class artist after retiring from his family's corn merchant business. Answers who took up full time painting at 36 who painted landscapes who hated lower class people who lived in Manchester No.6: Michael Marks- a business entrepreneur Type: Ranking Place the following events of Michael Marks' life in chronological order Answers Correct Order C - E - B - D - A Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Marks and Spencer became a limited company Tom Spencer joined Marks in business Marks moved to Leeds with little money A new warehouse was built in Manchester Marks established a market stall on Leeds market No.7: Careers for middle class women? Type: Multiple Choice In which TWO occupations were most middle class women employed at the start of the 20th century? Answers Teaching Nursing Lawyers Judges Accountants No.8: George Cadbury Type: Statement Choice Why did Cadbury and other middle class industrialists believe they should help their workers? Answers So that they would be healthier and this would benefit their business To cut down on their tax bills So he could sell more chocolate To ease their consciences

60 KS3 History 12: Snapshot 1900 what was British middle-class life like? Exercise No: 3 Name: Lifestyles No.9: Middle class suburbia Type: Missing Part In the major cities, tram and rail services where there were more fields and less pollution from the factories. Answers allowed middle class people to buy houses in the suburbs cost too much for middle class people brought many complaints allowed middle class people to live in the centre of towns No.10: The Middle Class house In the 1900 house, the was more for looking than living. Answers front parlour Type: Missing Part bedroom scullery back parlour No.11: The parlour Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were typical characteristics of a Victorian parlour? Answers The room was usually quite dark. It was cluttered with various trinkets and might contain a piano. It was light and spacious. Only men were allowed in it. It was very ordered and tidy. No.12: The kitchen Type: Multiple Choice In terms of the life of a servant, which TWO of the following are INCORRECT? Answers They were highly paid. They had one week's paid holiday. They had to wash and iron clothes and do all the sewing. They had to carry water upstairs for baths. They had to do all the preparing of food and cooking.

61 KS3 History 12: Snapshot 1900 what was British middle-class life like? Exercise No: 4 Name: Leisure and hobbies No.13: Croquet and lawn tennis Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following help to explain why lawn tennis became such a popular sport for the Victorian middle classes? Answers It provided good exercise. Both men and women could play it. Because Wimbledon was so popular. They could wear tuxedos. It did not require any technique. No.14: The seaside holiday Type: Statement Choice Which of the following helps explain why seaside resorts became accessible to middle class families? Answers The invention of the railway network. The invention of the bucket and spade. Hot weather. Dirty towns. No.15: The Music Halls Type: Statement Choice Which of the following were not staged at music halls during Victorian times? Answers Rock concerts. Acrobatics. Dance. Music. No.16: Middle class women and the temperance movement Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following illustrate the significance of the Temperance Movement for middle class women during Victorian times? Answers They took on the issue of male drunkeness. They were one of the first campaigns to take women outside the home. They were successful in banning alcohol. They made women equal to men. They allowed women to drink.

62 KS3 History 12: Snapshot 1900 what was British middle-class life like? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer What was middle class life like in Britain in 1900? Expert Teacher Answer The middle classes emerged in the 19th century having made their fortunes in industry and commerce. However, by 1900, the middle classes were occupied in many different types of employment, ranging from managers to shopkeepers to accountants. The middle classes had many values. Women were supposed to stay at home and look after the family, whilst men, as head of the household, went out to work. Family life was strict. Children were supposed to 'be seen and not heard'. They were looked after by nannies and private tutors, once they were old enough, or sent to public schools. In 1900, the occupations of the middle class varied. With hard work, it was possible to progress into the middle class, as proved by Michael Marks, who set up Marks and Spencer. Other middle class men, like William Henry Charlton, were able to retire early to pursue their hobbies, such as painting. As 1900 approached, the invention of the tram and the railway allowed the middle classes to move out of town centres and into the suburbs. These were brighter places with more trees and fresh air. Middle class housing was spacious to accommodate families and their servants. Certain rooms in the house were extremely important, most notably the parlour and the kitchen. With greater wealth, leisure activities became extremely important. Sports were an integral part of middle class lesiure, with cricket, tennis, croquet, rugby and football all being given rules in this period, so that the middle classes could compete. Holidays to the seaside were another aspect of leisure with resorts, like Blackpool and Brighton, catering for middle and working class holidaymakers. Music halls, once looked down upon by middle class Victorians, smartened up their image with separate seats and entrances and became very popular. Middle class women also began to find their voices by Some started to go out to work, becoming doctors, teachers and nurses. Other women found a voice in social campaigns, such as in the Temperance Movement or those against family violence.

63 KS3 History 13: Mughal India and the coming of the British, how did the Mughal Empire rise and fall? Exercise No: 1 Name: Rise of the Mughals No.1: India before the Mughals Before the Mughal Empire took over India, since the 14th century. Answers India had been ruled by the Dehli Sultan Type: Missing Part India was a big country India was part of the British empire India was controlled by Christians No.2: Babur Place the following events of Babur's life in chronological order. Type: Ranking Answers Correct Order B - D - A - C - E Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Defeated Raiput chieftains at Khwana to keep control of Northern India. Became ruler of the Ferghana Valley. Named Humayun as his heir. Defeated Lodi at the Battle of Panipat. His autobiography was translated into Persian. No.3: Akbar Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did Akbar encourage peace with the Hindus in India? There are TWO correct answers. Answers He abolished a tax that was imposed on all Hindus He married a Hindu princess and allowed her to practice her religion He killed their leaders He became a Hindu He abolished the Hindu religion No.4: Jahangir Type: Statement Choice Which of the following religious groups would have been disappointed with Jahangir's reign? Answers Sikhs Hindus Jews Christians

64 KS3 History 13: Mughal India and the coming of the British, how did the Mughal Empire rise and fall? Exercise No: 2 Name: Mughal rule No.5: Life under the Mughals Which of the following areas did the Mughals have great skill in? Answers Architecture Type: Statement Choice Football Computing Horse-riding No.6: Shah Jehan Type: Multiple Choice The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan to honour his dead wife Mumtaz. What TWO materials did he use in its creation? Answers Chinese crystal. White Marble. Diamond. Gold. Brick. No.7: Aurangzeb Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following are reasons why Aurangzeb became unpopular? Answers Music and dance were discouraged. His religious laws grew more intolerant. He did not like football. He hated the Mughals. He banned Islamic religious practices. No.8: Shivaji Type: Multiple Choice Shivaji led a successful revolt against the Mughals, after evading capture. Which TWO of these describe how he managed to escape? Answers He sneaked out of prison. He dressed as a Holy Man. He tunnelled under the prison walls. He hid in a cart full of straw. He bribed the guards.

65 KS3 History 13: Mughal India and the coming of the British, how did the Mughal Empire rise and fall? Exercise No: 3 Name: Decline No.9: The decline of the Mughal empire Which TWO of the following were NOT causes of the decline of the Mughals? Answers There were many good rulers after Aurangzeb. Type: Multiple Choice There was a clear policy of succession. Aurangzeb's lack of religious toleration. Revolts in different parts of the empire. States declaring independence. No.10: The arrival of the British Type: Statement Choice The British East India Company was established under a Royal Charter of Queen Elizabeth I for 15 years for spice trading on 31st December Answers 1600 No.11: East India Company Type: Statement Choice How did the East India company make its fortune and gain its power over the Mughal empire? Answers Through its control of trade - mainly textiles Through guns By trading in spices By killing French competition No.12: Robert Clive Place the following events of Robert Clive's life in chronological order Type: Ranking Answers Correct Order D - E - C - A - B Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E The Battle of Plassey Parliamentary enquiry on corruption in India He conquered Bombay Expelled from Merchant Taylor's school Clive joined the East India company

66 KS3 History 13: Mughal India and the coming of the British, how did the Mughal Empire rise and fall? Exercise No: 4 Name: British rule No.13: The Black Hole of Calcutta The Black Hole of Calcutta is an infamous incident where it is said Type: Statement Choice Answers that over 100 Europeans died in a cramped cell in terrible conditions. No.14: The Battle of Plassey that space ships landed in India. that the Mughal empire collpased. that many Europeans imprisoned Bengal captives. Type: Statement Choice How were Clive and the East India company troops able to defeat the larger forces of Siraj-uddoula? Answers By bribing some of Siraj-ud-doula's men to join the English forces No.15: Causes of the Indian Mutiny of 1857 By pretending to surrender By tampering with their weapons By destroying their forces in battle Which TWO of the following were NOT causes of the Indian Mutiny? Type: Multiple Choice Answers Families with a male heir lost their lands to the British The arrival of Hindu missionaries The arrival of the steamship The 100 year anniversary of the battle of Plassey The use of cow and pig grease in Enfield rifles No.16: The effects of the Indian Mutiny What was the most significant effect of the Indian Mutiny of 1857? Type: Statement Choice Answers The British government took control of India from the East India Company The government of India joined with the government of Britain India took control of the British empire Britain left India

67 KS3 History 13: Mughal India and the coming of the British, how did the Mughal Empire rise and fall? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer What were the successes of the various Mughal leaders and why did the Mughals fall from power? The Mughal empire grew from humble beginnings in Turkestan under Babur. Babur embraced new technology such as firearms and conquered all of Hindustan and other parts of INdia. However, it was his grandson, Akbar who managed to build on Babur's foundations and actually subdue most of India. Akbar was not only a great general but also a good administrator too. As a Muslim, he practiced religious toleration to other groups - most notably in his abolition of the tax placed on all-non Muslims. This act was extremely popular. He also allowed Hindu regions to retain their own customs. Under Akbar and the following rulers, there were many innovations in architecture- including the building of the Red Palace in Delhi and the Taj Mahal. However, the extravagance of these projects led to financial problems for the Mughals- something that weakened their control over the empire. The decline of the Mughul empire can be traced to the reign of Aurangzeb. THe Mughuls had no clear policy of succession and there was much fighting about who would lead the empire after Shah Jehan. Aurangzeb ruled for 49 years but under his reign there was much fighting by various tribes who wanted their independence - including the Marathas. Aurangzeb was a very strict Muslim and he brought back many of the old laws against other religions that Akbar had stamped out- inclusing the tax on non- Muslims. This caused great anger. Sikhs and Marathas formed breakaway governments and there was much in-fighting amongst the empire. One of the major problems that the Mughul empire faced was from the arrival of the Europeans- most notably the British. The East India Company set up trading posts in different areas of India- and gradually introduced more soldiers to guard these. Small Indian states began to pay money to the Company for military protection. The East India Company overcame resistance in Bombay, Mysore and Bengal- effectively ruling India. The British had accelerated the demise of the Mughals. In the 19th century the East India Company gradullay saw a decline in their influence - because of financial troubles and after the Indian Mutiny of where Indians tried to gain independence once more - the British took over control of India under the Empire.

68 KS3 History 14: The British Empire how was it that, by 1900, Britain controlled nearly a quarter of the world? Exercise No: 1 Name: Growth of the Empire No.1: Britains Empire How much of the world did Great Britain own? Type: Statement Choice Answers 444 million people living on 25% of the Earths surface. 44 million people living on 12% of the Earths surface. 10 million people living on 6% of the Earths surface million people living on 98% of the Earths surface. No.2: Expanding empire Why did Britain's empire grow so rapidly in the 18th century? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because Britain used its wealth, army and trade to expand its empire. No.3: Reasons for the growth Because Britain had a strong army. Because Britain was stronger than everyone else. Because the countries of the empire invited Britain to take over. Type: Multiple Choice Why was Britain's empire so important to the country? There are TWO correct answers. Answers It gave merchants new markets for their goods. No.4: The empire in 1914 It provided a valuable source of raw materials. The empire ruled Britain effectively. The empire looked good. It made the country bigger. Type: Missing Part By 1914 the British empire included meaning that Edward VII ruled over 410 million people. Answers India, Australia, Canada and Hong Kong, USA, Africa and China, Spain, Germany and Holland, France, Belgium and Russia,

69 KS3 History 14: The British Empire how was it that, by 1900, Britain controlled nearly a quarter of the world? Exercise No: 2 Name: India (2) No.5: Britain in India Type: Missing Part The British gradually took over India by to establish a measure of control over the country. Answers allying with Indian Princes and defeating the French destroying many towns and villages defeating all of the Indian Princes making a deal with France No.6: The battle of Plassey (2) Type: Ranking Place the following events of Siraj's attack on the British in chronological order Answers Correct Order D - E - B - A - C Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Siraj was defeated in the Battle of Plassey. Clive retook Calcutta. Siraj was assassinated. Siraj's grandfather died. Fort William was taken over by Siraj. No.7: India in the 19th century What was the main cause of the Indian mutiny? Answers Disagreements over religion. Type: Statement Choice Disagreements over taxes. Disagreements over laws. Disagreements over the queen. No.8: Empress of India Act In which year did Victoria become Empress of India? Answers 1877 Type: Statement Choice

70 KS3 History 14: The British Empire how was it that, by 1900, Britain controlled nearly a quarter of the world? Exercise No: 3 Name: Australia and the Americas No.9: Australia What were TWO of the reasons for Britain's colonisation of Australia? Answers It was somewhere to send criminals to. Type: Multiple Choice It was used as a base for British ships in the Pacific. It was a huge mass of land. Australians spoke English. Britain knew exactly what they were going to find there. No.10: Captain Cook Place Cook's discoveries in the order that they were discovered. Answers Correct Order D - B - A - E - C Type: Ranking Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Fiji Australia Hawaii New Zealand Tonga No.11: North America and the West Indies Type: Multiple Choice Why did Britain expand its empire into the USA? There are TWO correct answers. Answers To allow Puritans to practice their religion freely. Because of the availablility of furs, timber and other goods. To become bigger. To send its surplus population. To annoy France. No.12: The American Revolution Type: Statement Choice What was the main reason for the American rebellion against the British? Answers The British were taxing the colonies too heavily. They wanted to prove their strength. They hated tea. They wanted to be ruled by the French.

71 KS3 History 14: The British Empire how was it that, by 1900, Britain controlled nearly a quarter of the world? Exercise No: 4 Name: Africa (2) No.13: Scramble for Africa Choose TWO correct reasons why Britain wanted to gain African colonies. Answers Some African governments were too unstable. Type: Multiple Choice To protect trade routes to India. To give resources to the Africans. To travel across the continent. To free the natives. No.14: David Livingstone Type: Statement Choice What was David Livingstone's job when he was discovering many new regions of Africa? Answers A missionary. An explorer. A gold-hunter. A geographer. No.15: Mary Kingsley Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did Mary Kingsley help to expand the British empire? Answers She discovered several unknown species. She was the first westerner to survey parts of Sierra Leone. She hated the country and people. She worked for Britain to take over all of the continent. She wanted all Africans to be slaves. No.16: Cecil Rhodes Type: Missing Part In order to expand the British Empire across Africa, and was so successful he had a country, Rhodesia, named after him. Answers Rhodes used ruthless force to put down the natives Rhodes negotiated generously Rhodes used peaceful methods Rhodes built motorways

72 KS3 History 14: The British Empire how was it that, by 1900, Britain controlled nearly a quarter of the world? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer How and why did Britain gain and expand its empire in the period up to via trade, exploration, war and missionaries? By 1900 Britain's empire contained about 400 million people- almost 25% of the world. The empire had small beginnings under the Tudors but expanded rapidly in the 18th and 19th centuries. Britain's merchants had grown in wealth throughout this period and were constantly looking for new markets abroad. Their production had increased thanks to the Industrial Revolution and trade flourished with other countries. Politically it made sense to control those markets and exploit the raw materials that each country had at their disposal. Other European countries were also looking for colonies - and Britain did not want to get left behind. The jewel in Britain's colonial empire was India - with its vast population and many natural resources. Initially, British control expanded through the East India Company who made trading alliances with local Princes and often helped them in their local disputes with other rulers. The company gained the right to tax Indians- and gradually took over more and more areas. There were rebellions against their rule - such as that of Siraj in 1756 and a larger uprising in but British wealth and ties with important Indian princes ensured that India stayed within the empire. The government saw that it was in the national interest to govern India properly and took over from the East India Company after the 1857 mutiny. The importance of India was cemented by the opening of the Suez Canal - which offered a faster way to transport goods between the 2 countries and the importance of the link was confirmed when Queen Victoria was made Empress of India in Individual explorers also helped to expand the empire in their quest for knowledge and resources. Australia became another vital colony when the east coast was claimed by Cook in He continued to chart the Pacific Islands discovering many new lands there. However - Australia became very important as a colony for its resources and it was also used as a place where Britain could send its convicts to. Eventually many other people emigrated there and expanded westwards. America remained part of the empire until when it fought a war to free itself from British rule. Britain had colonised America for its resources and to allow religious minority groups to escape persecution at home. America grew up as 13 states paying tax to the Crown and fighting with the British against the French. However when the British finally defeated the French in the late 18th century, many Americans began to question whether they should now govern themselves. They complained about taxes being too high- and declared independence from Britain. Britain fought hard to retain America - but eventually had to give in. However it can be seen that the Empire was worth fighting over. Britain still retained control over Canada though. In the 19th century - Africa became a focus for the European powers. Resources were plentiful in some areas- and to many British people the Africans were uncivilised and ripe for colonisation. In fact religious missionaries like Livingstone discovered many new regions, whilst politicans and businessmen like Cecil Rhodes were quick to establish business links in the new areas. Britain quickly gathered many African colonies - although they upset many people in doing so.

73 KS3 History 15: Black peoples of America from slavery to equality? Exercise No: 1 Name: The beginnings of slavery No.1: Slavery Type: Missing Part Slaves often had to work and were often beaten to set an example to others. Answers in harsh conditions in well-paid jobs for fair masters in good positions No.2: African Kingdoms Type: Statement Choice In what ways were African kingdoms successful before the Europeans arrived? Answers They set up trading networks and manufactured many products. They were happy to stick to themselves. They won many trophies. They fought many wars with each other. No.3: The Slave trade before the Europeans Type: Multiple Choice Why did African slave traders sell people into slavery? Answers To exchange for guns. Because they had captured them in battle. Because they were racist. Because they needed less people in Africa. Because their families did not want them. No.4: The European slave trade What goods did the trade triangle bring to Britain? Answers Sugar, rum and coffee. Type: Statement Choice Clothes. Guns. Slaves.

74 KS3 History 15: Black peoples of America from slavery to equality? Exercise No: 2 Name: Life as a slave No.5: The Plantation system Why did plantation owners need African slaves? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because they were unable to find enough workers. Because they were cheap. Because they wanted to help the Africans. Because the Africans were good workers. No.6: The Middle Passage Type: Missing Part The Middle Passage was where many slaves died because of the terrible conditions. Answers the journey between Africa and the Americas the journey between America and Britain the journey between Britain and Africa part of Africa No.7: Slave auctions Type: Missing Part Slave auctions were humiliating and terrifying experiences for the slaves because and they could be split up from their families. Answers they were treated like animals they were not allowed to speak they could choose the best masters they might not get sold No.8: Punishments Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following are true about the lives of slaves? Answers Slaves were regarded as a very valuable property. A slave could be whipped or have a body part cut off as a punishment. Slaves could not stay with their families. Slaves were shackled and never managed to run away. All slaves were treated very badly.

75 KS3 History 15: Black peoples of America from slavery to equality? Exercise No: 3 Name: Fighting against slavery and racism No.9: Slave resistance Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did some slaves oppose their masters? There are TWO correct answers. Answers On slave ships, through revolts or by throwing themselves overboard. No.10: Campaigning against the slave trade By running away and hiding in mountain communities. By setting up their own plantations. By sailing back to Africa. By telephoning the police. Type: Multiple Choice Why did an abolition campaign start up in the late 18th century? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because of worries over violent slave rebellions. No.11: The Underground Railroad Because people wanted better rights for slaves. Because slavery was too expensive. Because slave owners were running out of slaves. Because slaves were not working hard enough. Type: Missing Part The Underground Railroad was important to the Northern states where they could find freedom. Answers because it helped many slaves to escape because slaves were allowed to travel on it because it was a fast journey because slaves didn't need a ticket No.12: The American Civil War America was divided between 1861 and 1865 because Answers it fought a war over slavery. Type: Statement Choice it built a big wall down the middle. it had too many people in the North. it didn't know how to rule itself.

76 KS3 History 15: Black peoples of America from slavery to equality? Exercise No: 4 Name: Civil Rights Movement and its origins No.13: Reconstruction Type: Statement Choice Which of the following was gained by black people because of Reconstruction? Answers National citizenship. A chance to be President. Equality. Wealth. No.14: Segregation Type: Multiple Choice Segregation could be seen in many different walks of life. TWO examples of segregation in the South were: Answers Separate schools for black and white children. Different sections for black and white people in railway trucks. Attending the same schools. Eating at the same restaurants. Voting for different politicians. No.15: Civil Rights Movement Type: Multiple Choice By what TWO methods did these Civil Rights groups try to improve the rights of black people in the South? Answers By organising a boycott of buses to ensure equality. By attending school despite the threat of violence from white people. By beating up white people. By staying at home and doing nothing. By threatening people in the South. No.16: Martin Luther King Jr. Type: Missing Part Martin Luther King was different to Malcolm X due to his and he is now honoured with a national holiday in America for his successes. Answers non-violent approach to civil rights physical fights with racists in America discrimination of others long-winded speeches

77 KS3 History 15: Black peoples of America from slavery to equality? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer In what ways did black people in the United States face racism in this period and how did they try to challenge this problem? Many black people came to the USA as slaves and their life on plantations was hard. They were not treated equally, and they often endured cruel punishments like branding and whipping. Some Northerners tried to challenge the existence of slavery by setting up escape routes for slaves. Between 1861 and 1865 a war was fought to end slavery and this happened in However, life for black people did not improve much and they had to lead separate lives with poor facilities. Many black people challenged this in the Civil Rights Movement and they achieved great successes in ending segregation. One of the most famous civil rights leaders was Martin Luther King.

78 KS3 History 16: The franchise why did it take so much longer for British women to get the vote? Exercise No: 1 Name: Women's right No.1: A woman's life in the 19th century Type: Multiple Choice According to British law which of the following could a married woman not do? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Vote in elections Own her own property Look after her husband's house Go to Church Work No.2: Harriet Taylor Type: Missing Part Harriet Taylor Mill was an important figure in the history of increased rights for women as well as the right to vote. Answers because she was one of the first to call for education for all women No.3: Josephine Butler because she married twice because she became an MP because she did not write her own biography Type: Statement Choice What impact did Josephine Butler have on women's education in 19th century Britain? Answers Cambridge University opened a women's college to provide better opportunities for women No.4: Emmeline Pankhurst New schools were opened for women Classes became mixed Women became equal in schools Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of these were NOT actions Emmeline Pankhurst took to persuade men to give women the vote? Answers Joining the army in 1914 Joining the Labour Party in 1925 Founding the Women's Franchise League in 1889 Founding the WSPU in 1903 Going on hunger strike 10 times in 18 months after 1907

79 KS3 History 16: The franchise why did it take so much longer for British women to get the vote? Exercise No: 2 Name: Political problems No.5: Politics - an overview Type: Multiple Choice What was wrong with the way that Britain was ruled up to 1832? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Only rich men had the vote and no women at all had it Areas with very few people had 2 MPs! There were only 2 parties Manchester and Liverpool had too much power The King had too much control over politics No.6: Spa Fields Riot 1816 Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were demands made by Henry Hunt? Answers Lower prices. Secret voting. Higher taxes. General elections to be held very four years. Votes for women. No.7: Peterloo Massacre Type: Multiple Choice Why did the meeting at St Peter's Fields turn into a massacre? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Magistrates were nervous about large crowds talking about politics No.8: Cato Street Conspiracy 1820 The first group of soldiers called in were disorderly and drunk The crowd was full of violent revolutionaries The crowd wanted to murder someone The government ordered the soldiers to make an example of the crowd Type: Missing Part The Cato Street Conspiracy was an attempt by radicals and set up a new government that would share power with more people. Answers to murder government officials to break into a minister's house and have dinner to give the vote to women to break the law

80 KS3 History 16: The franchise why did it take so much longer for British women to get the vote? Exercise No: 3 Name: Reforms No.9: The 1832 Reform Act Type: Multiple Choice W h i c h TW Oof the following were NOT changes brought by the 1832 reform act? Answers Anyone could be an MP Constituencies were made even New towns gained MPs Rotten boroughs were removed Only property owners ( 10 or more) could vote No.10: Chartism Type: Statement Choice Chartists wanted a more democratic political system and campaigned for changes Answers using peaceful methods such as meetings and petitions. using threats and violence. for over 100 years. in London. No.11: 1867 Reform Act Type: Multiple Choice In what ways did the 1867 Reform Act make Britain's political system fairer? There are TWO correct answers. Answers The larger towns gained more MPs More men gained the vote Women were given the vote More rotten boroughs were created More political parties were established No.12: 1884 Reform Act Type: Statement Choice In what ways was the 1884 Act fairer than the 1867 Act? Answers It gave the vote to men in the countryside as well as the towns It cost people 10 to vote It included women It was passed by the Liberal Party

81 KS3 History 16: The franchise why did it take so much longer for British women to get the vote? Exercise No: 4 Name: Changes for women No.13: Women and Chartism What was the main demand of female Chartists? Type: Statement Choice Answers That their husbands earned enough to support their families That they should have equal opportunities at work Women should be able to get the best jobs Women should be able to vote No.14: Legal changes for women Choose TWO correct statements about laws and the rights of women. Type: Multiple Choice Answers The Infants and Child Custody Act 1839 allows divorced or separated women to request custody of children No.15: Campaign for the vote The Matrimonial Causes Act/Divorce Act 1857, means courts can order a man to make maintenance payments. Since 1923, a woman has to prove to get a divorce. Women have always been able to request custody of children. The 1832 Reform Act gave women rights to rent and own properties. Why were women given the vote in 1918? There are TWO correct answers. Type: Multiple Choice Answers Because of their work helping the war effort during World War One. No.16: The Representation of the People Act Because of a long-running campaign to give the vote to women. Because of a campaign of terrorism that saw churches and other buildings bombed. Because people were upset by women being forcefed when in prison. Because the vote was not seen as important. Type: Multiple Choice Why were only women over the age of 30 given the vote in 1918? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because they were more likely to understand politics Because they were likely to be married and not part of a radical movement Because women under 30 did not want it Because they were all Suffragettes Because they were the only ones who had helped Britain during the war

82 KS3 History 16: The franchise why did it take so much longer for British women to get the vote? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer Why did it take so much longer for British women to gain the vote? During the 19th century, a system of separate spheres existed, whereby women were expected to look after domestic issues, whereas men were seen to be in control of business, industry and politics. At the start of the 19th century not all men had the vote - indeed the political system was flawed- with big towns like Manchester and Liverpool having no MPs whilst rotten boroughs often returned 2!. Several groups campaigned for change - and there many disturbances in the period after There was seen to be a sense of injustice with men like Henry Hunt looking for a shift of power to the working classes. Events like the Peterloo Massacre and the Spa Fields Riots showed the government how dangerous working class radicalism could be, and in 1832 the Great Reform Act was passed - extending the vote to men in boroughs, and giving larger towns more representation in Parliament. The Act did disappoint though, and groups like teh Chartists forced more changes in 1867 and extending the vote to more men. Women had been involved in the campaign for the extension of the vote, although few called for female suffrage at that time. Gradually however, women like Jospehine Butler, Harriet Taylor and Emmeline Pankhurst began to symbolise a growing discontent with the position of women in society and throughout the latter half of the 19th century, legal changes began to occur which allowed easier access to divorce, custody rights over children and the ability to own property. Gradually, attention turned to political reform. If more men were getting the vote, why not women? Organisations like the Suffragists and Suffragettes organised petitions and demonstrations, and when these failed the Suffragettes turned to violence. These tactics did not impress male politicians who imprisoned Suffragettes that committed violent acts. Once in jail these women then went on hunger strike and were forcefed, bringing more sympathy to their cause. World War One proved to be a decisive factor in the campaign for the vote as women threw themselves into war work, making munitions and filling in for the men who were away. This work won the admiration of the politicans and when the war was over they extended the vote to men over the age of 18 and women over 30. This did not please all women, but it was the beginning of more political changes

83 KS3 History 17: Divided Ireland why has it been so hard to achieve peace in Ireland? Exercise No: 1 Name: Causes of the conflict No.1: The Plantation of Ulster Why did King James I colonise Ulster? There are TWO correct answers. Answers To stop Irish rebellions. Type: Multiple Choice To spread Protestantism in Ireland. Because he was Irish. To win support in Ireland. To spread Catholicism. No.2: Massacre at Drogheda Type: Missing Part Some historians believe that Cromwell was to blame for in 1649 by not doing more to prevent killing of innocent civilians. Answers the massacre of men, women and children at Drogheda leaving Drogheda too early not ruling Ireland properly establishing good relations with England No.3: Ireland in the 17th century Which TWO of the following were NOT Penal Laws? Type: Multiple Choice Answers Irishmen had to serve in the army. Irishmen were allowed to attend Catholic church services. Irishmen were not allowed to become professionals. Irishmen were not allowed an education. Irishmen were not allowed to own a horse worth more than 25. No.4: Ireland in the 18th century Type: Statement Choice Why were the Irish unsuccessful in their insurrection of 1798? Answers Because French support arrived too late. Because they didn't really want to fight. Because they didn't use their cannons. Because the Irish were not very good soldiers.

84 KS3 History 17: Divided Ireland why has it been so hard to achieve peace in Ireland? Exercise No: 2 Name: Home Rule No.5: Ireland and the famine One effect of the Irish famine was that Answers many people were evicted from their homes. Type: Statement Choice lots of people moved to Ireland. Queen Victoria helped the Irish. people decided to grow other things. No.6: Gladstone and Ireland Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were NOT reforms of Gladstone? Answers Irish tenants had to pay rent arrears Farmers were given their land back Introduced a Home Rule Bill Made sure that tenants would have fair rents Irish people no longer had to pay taxes to the Church of Ireland No.7: Background to the Easter Rising Type: Multiple Choice Why were the Irish people unhappy with the British government in this period? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because they did not believe they listened to their complaints. They didn't want to be controlled by London at all. They were not allowed to leave Ireland. The IRB told the people to dislike them. They wanted to fight in World War One. No.8: Easter Rising Type: Missing Part The Easter Rising of 1916 saw the Irish nationalists try to but the rebellion failed within 5 days when troops arrived and forced the rebels to surrender. Answers free Ireland from British rule to set up new government, create an understanding with the British government, secure support from Germany during World War One, move to the USA,

85 KS3 History 17: Divided Ireland why has it been so hard to achieve peace in Ireland? Exercise No: 3 Name: Partition and the troubles No.9: Government of Ireland Act 1920 Type: Multiple Choice Which two of the following areas were not the responsibility of the Irish government when they were granted powers of self-government in 1921? Answers Foreign affairs. Currency. Education. Health. Farming laws. No.10: The Irish Civil War Type: Statement Choice Why did the pro-treaty Nationalists win the Irish Civil War? Answers The Pro-treaty forces had more men and weapons. The anti-treaty forces had no support There was a shortage of food in Dublin. Britain sent troops to help them. No.11: Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement Type: Multiple Choice In what ways had Protestants discriminated against Catholics in the period after 1921 in Northern Ireland? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They had changed electoral boundaries to ensure Protestant success. No.12: Bloody Sunday There was discrimination in the allocation of houses to Catholics. They had stopped Catholics from entering Belfast. Catholic schools had been attacked. Politicians closed churches. Type: Multiple Choice Why has Bloody Sunday had such a huge impact on Modern Irish nationalism? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Republicanism and the IRA became extremely popular as a result Armed forces had shot unarmed civilians The IRA denied involvement The British government arrested hundreds of IRA sympathisers Ireland was able to govern itself after this

86 KS3 History 17: Divided Ireland why has it been so hard to achieve peace in Ireland? Exercise No: 4 Name: Towards a lasting solution? No.13: Direct Rule Type: Missing Part In March 1972 the British government decided to close Ireland's government This lasted until Answers and rule Ireland directly from Westminster. and reopen it in Belfast. and build new parliament buildings. and give Ireland a new King. No.14: The Irish Civil War 2 Type: Statement Choice Which one of the following was one of the reasons why Bobby Sands and the IRA prisoners went on hunger strike in 1981? Answers They were protesting against having to wear prison uniforms. They wanted freedom. They wanted shorter sentences. They wanted people to understand their cause. No.15: Enniskillen Type: Missing Part The Enniskillen bomb is seen as a turning point in the history of the troubles and forcing the IRA into a peace process with the British government. Answers because innocent civilians were killed, shocking the world because it was the first attack on Irish soil because it was the start of a huge bombing campaign because many IRA officials were arrested No.16: The Good Friday agreement Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were NOT provisions of the Good Friday agreement? Answers Immediate release of all paramilitary prisoners. Establishment of a Republic of Ireland assembly. New laws on policing and human rights in Northern Ireland. A commitment to democracy. Giving up of paramilitary weapons.

87 KS3 History 17: Divided Ireland why has it been so hard to achieve peace in Ireland? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer Why has it been so hard to achieve peace in Ireland? Ireland's troubles have been inextricably linked with the policy of successive British governments who have viewed Ireland as strategically important for Britain's defence. In the 17th and 18th centuries British settlers - Protestant in religion- settled in Northern Ireland driving the native Irish from their homes and into poverty. Cromwell's armies also massacred many innocent civilians at Drogheda in causing more deep seated anger towards the British. In the 19th century British landlords drove tenants from their farms, and their cruel acts, coupled with the natural potato famine of the 1840s began to make some Irish nationalists desire some element of Home Rule- that is control by an Irish rather than an English government. The Prime Minster Gladstone tried to help the Irish cause but each time his plans were knocked back, the Irish nationalists became more volatile. As the 20th century began, the IRB had been formed and some wanted to take home rule by force from the British. During 1916 when WW1 was being force Irish Nationalists under Collins seized their chance and seized Dublin in the Easter Rising. However they were crushed by the British army. The period between 1918 and 1922 saw the creation of a divided Ireland with self government for the South but the North continued to be under British control. This did not please all and a bitter civil war was fought between those who accepted partition and those who wanted a full Ireland. Over the next 40 years the Catholics in the North were discriminated against by Protestants and in teh 60s they began to go on Civil Rights marches. These often ended in violence as in 1972 when army officers shot dead 13 civilians who were unarmed. This incident saw an escalation in support for the IRA and more violence forcing Britain to once more take control of Ireland. THe IRA continued a bombing campaign throughout the 80s and other measures included hunger strikes in prisons for those nationalists who were said to be mistreated. The turning point came in 1987 with the bombing of 11 innocent civilians by the IRA at Enniskillen. The IRA apologised, but it made the British government more resolved for peace. Several initiatives have been tried - including the Good Ffriday agreement of This has proved to be tricky to implement but all sides are working to further peace.

88 KS3 History 18: Hot war, cold war why did the major twentieth-century conflicts affect so many people? Exercise No: 1 Name: Causes of War No.1: Long-term causes of World War One. Which TWO of the following were NOT causes of World War One? Answers Germany didn't want such a big navy Type: Multiple Choice Britain's royal family ties with Germany The alliances between the different countries Germany's desire for an empire overseas Problems in the Austrian empire No.2: Sarajevo Type: Multiple Choice Why did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand cause a war between Austria and Serbia? Find the TWO reasons. Answers Because Serbia's government recruited the killers Because he was killed by Serbian terrorists Because Serbia wanted to invade Austria Because Germany told Austria to kill Serbia's leader Because they did not like each other No.3: Treaty of Versailles Type: Multiple Choice Why did Germany hate the Treaty of Versailles so much? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They were forced to take the blame for the whole war They lost land containing many Germans It was too lenient on them It allowed them to join the League of Nations They had too much food as a result of this No.4: Causes of WW2 Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following were causes of World War II? Answers The failure of the League of Nations. Hitler's aggressive foreign policy. Germany was happy with the Treaty of Versailles. Appeasement was a success. Britain's empire was too big.

89 KS3 History 18: Hot war, cold war why did the major twentieth-century conflicts affect so many people? Exercise No: 2 Name: Changing nature of War No.5: Trench Warfare in WW1 Type: Missing Part The trenches were an uncomfortable place for soldiers during WW1 and diseases and lice were common problems that soldiers had to face, on top of the war that was going on around them. Answers because they were exposed to all types of weather because they were too shallow because all of the hotels were full because they didn't have showers No.6: Blitzkrieg in WW2 Why was Blitzkrieg so effective? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because the Germans had faster and stronger tanks working with their planes. No.7: Home Front in WW1 Because the British knew what the Germans were doing. Because the Germans preferred to use old-fashioned tactics. Because German soldiers were very brave. Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following things were British people allowed to do under DORA? Answers Buy newspapers that had been censored Go to the pub until 9.30 No.8: The Home Front in WW2 Buy their friends as many drinks as possible Criticise the government and army in public Tell their German relatives about life in Britain Type: Missing Part Some children were so that German bombers would not harm them during attacks on Britain. Answers sent away from their homes in the cities during WW2 forced to join the army made to go to school for 12 hours a day made to buy new clothes in case the shops were destroyed

90 KS3 History 18: Hot war, cold war why did the major twentieth-century conflicts affect so many people? Exercise No: 3 Name: Post War breakdown No.9: Hiroshima and Nagasaki What was the name of the plane that dropped the first atomic bomb? Answers Enola Gay Type: Statement Choice Little Boy Nagasaki Fat man No.10: Breakdown in US-Russian relations Type: Multiple Choice Why did Russia and the USA have difficulties in the period after WW2? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Because both had different ideas about the future of Europe Because Russia was worried about America's atomic bomb Because both countries wanted to be the best power Because Russia refused to trade with the USA Because USA wanted Germany to be part of their empire No.11: The Berlin Blockade Type: Statement Choice How did the people of Berlin receive food during the Berlin Blockade? Answers By air. From the Russians. They stole it. They bought it from shops. No.12: The Berlin Wall Type: Missing Part In August 1961 East Berlin This was designed to prevent talented people from leaving the East. Answers was closed off from the West by means of a barbed wire and then a wall. decided to open up to the USA. decided to build a wall around its palace. became part of the USA.

91 KS3 History 18: Hot war, cold war why did the major twentieth-century conflicts affect so many people? Exercise No: 4 Name: Cold War and beyond No.13: The Cuban Missile Crisis Type: Statement Choice Why was President Kennedy upset about the placing of nuclear missiles on Cuba? Answers Because Cuba was so close to the USA and was a direct threat to their security No.14: Vietnam War Because he had not put American missiles there Because Russia had not told him what they were going to do Because the missiles were big and ugly Why did America go to war with the North Vietnamese? Type: Statement Choice Answers Because America was afraid that Communism would spread throughout Asia. No.15: Detente Because Vietnam had vital supplies. Because America wanted to help Australia. Because Communism had spread through the whole country. Which TWO of the following were NOT effects of Detente? Answers Hot line established between Russia and China Type: Multiple Choice All nuclear tests were forbidden Limitation of nuclear missiles (SALT) Russian and American leaders visited their opponents' countries Helsinki Agreement - Europe's boundaries were recognised No.16: End of the Cold War Type: Multiple Choice Why was 1989 such an important year in the end of the Cold War? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Elections were held in Eastern Europe for the first time in years The symbol of the Cold War - the Berlin Wall was destroyed Many East Germans went on holiday Russia decided to take over Eastern Europe America decided to take over Eastern Europe

92 KS3 History 18: Hot war, cold war why did the major twentieth-century conflicts affect so many people? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer In what ways did warfare change in the 20th century? There were many wars in the 20th century including 2 major World Wars. Initially technology forced soldiers to fight in trenches and there was only a small chance of civilians in Britain being attacked. Soldiers had the new weapons of machine guns and gas bombs and towards the end of the war planes and tanks were being used for the first time. By World War Two- technology had progressed to such an extent that Hitler was able to use Blitzkrieg effectively - using tanks and planes. Indeed the plane became a very important weapon as it enabled both Britain and Germany to bomb innocent civilians in Britain and Germany. The devastation caused by the Blitz in Britain and by the bombing of Dresden caused untold damage to thousands of citizens. The introduction of the Atomic Bomb during World War Two was to change the face of war totally. America dropped 2 of the most powerful bombs ever created on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - completely destroying these 2 cities and causing radioactive problems for years to come. The development of these bombs infuriated the Russians who immediately after WW2, began to seize control of Eastern Europe - notably through the Berlin Blockade and then the creation of the Berlin Wall. Russia decided that the only way to protect herself was to take control of the countries around her. A Cold War developed - meaning taht no actual fighting took place - for fear of nuclear devastation. Russia and America could have caused millions of deaths but incidents such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War brought the politicians to their senses and during the 1970s both countries agreed a truce. By the end of the 1990s Communism was almost dead.

93 KS3 History 19: How and why did the Holocaust happen? Exercise No: 1 Name: Why did Hitler hate the Jews? No.1: Mein Kampf (2) Which of the following opinions did Hitler NOT give in his book Mein Kampf? Answers There are good and bad people in every race. Type: Statement Choice The Jews are part of a conspiracy to take over the world. The Jews are lazy and have not contributed to civilisation. The Jews are responsible for most of the bad things in the world. No.2: Anti-Jewish Propaganda Type: Missing Part Joseph Goebbels was in charge of propaganda to make German people in Nazi Germany. Answers hate the Jews get jobs hate women grow their own food No.3: Why blame the Jews? Type: Statement Choice Which of the following does Hitler NOT blame the Jews for? Answers The outbreak of World War I? The loss of World War I? The economic problems in Germany? The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I? No.4: Hitler's speech Type: Statement Choice Which of the following does Hitler say in his speech in January 1939? Answers People have too much sympathy for the Jews. People are too unfriendly towards Jews. Jews are the same as every other race. Jews are making a good contribution in Germany.

94 KS3 History 19: How and why did the Holocaust happen? Exercise No: 2 Name: What measures did the Nazis take against the Jews? No.5: The Nuremberg Race Laws Which two of the following were part of the Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935? Answers Jews are not allowed to marry Aryan Germans Type: Multiple Choice A 'full Jew' is a person with three Jewish grandparents. Jews have to leave the country Jews are not allowed to work It is no longer a crime to kill a Jewish person No.6: Kristallnacht (Night of The Broken Glass) Type: Missing Part On The Night of Broken Glass (or 'Kristallnacht'), Jewish shops and businesses by Nazi SS Guards and storm troopers. Answers were smashed and destroyed were watched over were told they could not trade with German people were told to close down No.7: Concentration Camps Type: Statement Choice What happened to the majority of European Jews sent to Auschwitz? Answers They were killed in gas chambers They were shot They were put in prison until the end of the war They were trained as soldiers to fight in the war No.8: Josef Mengele Two examples of Mengele's experiments were: Type: Multiple Choice Answers injecting deadly diseases so he could study them. injecting chemicals into the eyes of children to see if they would change colour. making Jewish children take medicine. making Jewish children sit in darkened rooms. making Jewish children wear glasses.

95 KS3 History 19: How and why did the Holocaust happen? Exercise No: 3 Name: What was it like to live through the Holocaust? No.9: Life in the Ghetto Type: Statement Choice Which one of the following was NOT a reason for the population of Warsaw ghetto getting smaller? Answers People choosing to move out Disease Starvation People being moved to concentration camps No.10: Life & Death in the Concentration Camps Type: Ranking Put these stages of the terrifying story of Elaine Welbel into the correct order. Answers Correct Order B - E - A - C - D Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E She saw train after train of Jews from Europe begin to arrive. Elaine Welbel was offered a job at a factory. Nazi doctor Mengele began to send any unhealthy-looking Jews to be killed. She pinched her own cheeks to make it look like she was healthy. She was made to strip and shower, and her hair was cut. No.11: The Diary of Anne Frank Put the events of Anne Frank's tragic story into the correct sequence. Answers Correct Order D - C - A - E - B Type: Ranking Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E They are then transported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp The war ends, but Otto Frank is the only survivor from the Frank family The family are transported to Auschwitz A Nazi policeman finds the Frank family hiding in a house Anne Frank finally dies in the Bergen-Belsen camp No.12: The Nuremberg Trials Type: Statement Choice How did Herman Goering die after he was found guilty of terrible crimes against the Jews? Answers He committed suicide with a cyanide pill smuggled into his cell He was hanged He was shot by firing squad He died years later in prison

96 KS3 History 19: How and why did the Holocaust happen? Exercise No: 4 Name: What opposition was there to The Holocaust? No.13: Jewish Resistance Type: Missing Part Jewish resistance was because most people were caught and executed. Answers quite rare pointless very common completely unheard of No.14: Attempted Assassination of Hitler Type: Statement Choice Where did Claus von Stauffenberg hide a bomb in his attempt to kill Hitler? Answers In a briefcase In a car In Hitler's house In a phone-box No.15: Oskar Schindler Type: Multiple Choice Which two of the following things did Schindler do in his attempt to save Jews? Answers He transferred Jewish workers to barracks at his factory. He falsified factory records. He became a Jew himself. He spoke out openly against Adolf Hitler. He fought with Nazi officers. No.16: The End of the Holocaust Type: Statement Choice How did the last Nazis at Auschwitz attempt to hide what had gone on at the concentration camp? Answers They burned official records of what had happened. They bribed Jews not to say what had happened. They killed themselves to make themselves look like the victims. They stayed and fought the Soviet army.

97 KS3 History 19: How and why did the Holocaust happen? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer How did the Holocaust develop after Hitler wrote Mein Kampf and how did it affect the Jews of Europe? The Holocaust is the name given to the victimisation, persecution and mass-murder of Jews in Nazi Germany between 1933 and After losing The First World War, Germany was punished very harshly by The Treaty of Versailles, and there was a great deal of poverty and starvation in the country. Hitler, leader of the Nazis, had always hated Jews. He believed that they were responsible for all the problems in Germany. The people of Germany accepted this because they were glad to have a scapegoat (someone to blame) for all that had gone wrong. The first major example of persecution of Jews was introduction of The Nuremberg Race Laws in It was then stepped up in November 1938 on The Night of the Broken Glass (Kristallnacht) in which Jewish shops, businesses, homes and synagogues were destroyed by the SS and Nazi stormtroopers. Jews were forced to live in ghettos and later, during the war, were sent to concentration camps. The most notorious concentration camp was Auschwitz, where hundreds of thousands of Jews were murdered, mostly in the gas chambers. This was not known by most German people and the true extent of the Holocaust only became known after the war. There were some examples of opposition and resistance to the Holocaust, but these were usually dealt with so severely that other people were scared to resist. With The Second World War lost, Nazi officers fled and Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Union. They found a sickening trail of suffering and death which remains probably the most shocking act of mass murder in history.

98 KS3 History 20: Twentieth-century medicine how has it changed the lives of people? Exercise No: 1 Name: Background No.1: Disease Type: Multiple Choice In what ways can infectious diseases be spread? There are TWO correct answers. Answers They can be carried by insects. They can be passed through close physical contact. By standing next to someone with a disease. By getting wet outside. By not having enough clothes on, on a cold day. No.2: Public Health Type: Missing Part In the 19th century the government recognised that were important for protecting public health. Answers collecting refuse and providing drains epidemics of cholera open sewers dirty wells No.3: Public Health in the 19th century Type: Multiple Choice Why did diseases like typhoid and cholera break out in nineteenth century British towns and cities? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Many towns had poor water supplies. Housing was often poor and overcrowded. People were dirty. Diseases were passed by travellers. Towns had no doctors. No.4: Medicine in 1900 Type: Missing Part By 1900, medicine had moved on enormously, and new standards in hygiene being used in surgery as well as new technology. Answers with doctors beginning to specialise in different branches of medicine with medicine being free to all patients with the first hospital opening in 1900 with patients being able to sue doctors

99 KS3 History 20: Twentieth-century medicine how has it changed the lives of people? Exercise No: 2 Name: 20th century advances No.5: Factors affecting the development of drugs and Type: Missing Part Cures for infectious diseases were found in the 20th century because of many factors including luck, the discovery of new technology and the impact of war. Answers competition between scientists, the discovery of the computer, more illnesses being discovered, doctor's surgeries becoming cleaner, No.6: Public Health Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following Acts were the earliest ones that were passed to help with public health? Answers 1st Midwives Act. Provision of School Meals Act. 2nd Housing Act. National Health Insurance Act. Town Planning Act. No.7: Advances in medicine Type: Multiple Choice What were the major advances in medicine in the years between 1900 and 1945? Only TWO are correct. Answers The development of X-rays to help doctors. The advent of insulin to help diabetics. A cure for cancer was found. Doctors were paid more. Hospitals became bigger. No.8: Penicillin Type: Statement Choice How does penicillin work? Answers It kills harmful bacteria in humans that causes disease. Alexander Fleming controls its distribution. It is administered by an injection. It cuts off the oxygen supply for colds and flu.

100 KS3 History 20: Twentieth-century medicine how has it changed the lives of people? Exercise No: 3 Name: NHS in Britain No.9: New diseases? Which TWO of the following are NOT new dieases? Answers Smallpox. Diabetes. Allergies. AIDS. Obesity. Type: Multiple Choice No.10: Aneurin Bevan In what way did Bevan work hard to create the National Health Service? Type: Statement Choice Answers He overcame the fears of doctors who felt that they would be controlled by the government. No.11: National Health Service He was the first doctor to perform free surgery. He bought lots of new hospitals. He persuaded miners to support his ideas. What was the central principle of the NHS when it was set up? Type: Statement Choice Answers Medical care would be available and affordable for all. There would be one hospital per town. The NHS would make as much money as possible. Medical care would be free. No.12: Modern medicine Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO areas of surgery have seen the most progress thanks to the NHS? Answers Heart transplants. Laser surgery on eye tumours. Kidney dialysis. Contraceptive pill. Cortisone injections.

101 KS3 History 20: Twentieth-century medicine how has it changed the lives of people? Exercise No: 4 Name: Modern issues in world healthcare No.13: Problems in the NHS Type: Multiple Choice What were the TWO reasons for the decreasing popularity of the NHS at the end of the 20th century? Answers There were a number of scandals involving doctors. Too many unnecessary operations were being performed. There were too many doctors. People were not getting sick anymore. There was an oil crisis. No.14: The NHS today Type: Multiple Choice What recent improvements have there been to the NHS according to the article? There are TWO correct answers. Answers In some areas people can book appointments online. Websites have been set up to search for health information. Doctors will diagnose and treat you online. All patients will have to pay to be treated. All patients will be seen within 30 minutes of making a call to their doctor. No.15: World Poverty and healthcare Type: Missing Part In certain parts of the world healthcare and charities work hard to bring healthcare to the poorest people and those affected by disasters. Answers is dependent on wealth, is more advanced than in Britain, is not allowed, is free to everyone, No.16: Child poverty Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following do the greatest number of children suffer from in the developing world? Answers No adequate shelter. No access to sanitation. No healthcare services. Lack of safe water. Deprivation of food.

102 KS3 History 20: Twentieth-century medicine how has it changed the lives of people? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer How far has modern medicine developed to improve the lives of 20th century people? At the start of the 20th century, healthcare was not free and a person could only receive treatment if they could afford it. Healthcare was not specialised- with doctors being general medical advisors. The Liberal governments between , spurred by problems of national efficiency and the rise of the Labour Party, created a series of reforms which improved public health in Britain. Reforms were passed in Housing, Education and Welfare and became the basis of later developments in the NHS. Medical advances also emerged after WW1. Penicillin was invented and refined and became important in the curing of many diseases and infections. Vaccinations for diseases like TB and Polio were found, and X-rays helped patients in hospitals. Perhaps the biggest advance in medical care came with the establishment of the NHS in 1948 by Aneurin Bevan. This established the principle of free healthcare for all - no matter what their ability to pay. All healthcare services were put under one roof- and over the next 40 years pioneering scientists began to discover new methods for transplants, and worked on cures for other major diseases. However, the NHS suffered problems after 1951, when it was discovered that it cost too much money. Prescriptions and dental treatment have to be paid for and throughout the 1970s and 1980s hospitals have found themselves in debt and with long waiting queues for operations. The Labour governments from 1998 onwards have tried to tackle this issue by granting more money to the healthcare authorities but there is still a long way to go to realise Aneurin Bevan's dream. World Healthcare is a far cry from Britain's NHS - with many developing world people suffering from diseases that we have long since stamped out. Poverty and a lack of investment is a problem and charities like Oxfam and Unicef are working to bring an end to the problems that these countries are facing. Medical advances have brought many changes to the lives of many people, but financial restraints still play a large part in healthcare throughout the world.

103 KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the world? Exercise No: 1 Name: The solar system No.1: Aristotle's Solar system Aristotle believed that and was made up of 4 elements. Answers the Earth was at the centre of the universe Type: Missing Part the sun was at the centre of the universe all planets were divine the stars were more important than Mars No.2: Copernicus and the solar system Type: Multiple Choice Why were Copernicus' theories so controversial? There are TWO correct answers. Answers People were no longer the centre of the universe Science couldn't prove all of his theories at that time He was not a scientist The Catholic Church supported his beliefs People were falling off the earth No.3: Galileo Galilei Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following statements about Galileo are INCORRECT? Answers He trained as a dentist He wrote his discoveries in English so all could read about them He was the first scientist to make good use of the telescope He invented the telescope He proved that the sun was at the centre of the universe No.4: The trial of Galileo Type: Statement Choice What did the punishment of Galileo by the Church show about medieval scientific theories? Answers They had to fall into line with religious laws and customs The Church wanted scientific progress Galileo wanted to be a priest The Church favoured Copernicus

104 KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the world? Exercise No: 2 Name: The scientific revolution (2) No.5: The Scientific Revolution Which of the following was NOT a cause of the scientific revolution? Type: Statement Choice Answers People stayed at home and were not interested in exploring The Catholic Church was being challenged by many writers The invention of the Printing Press meant that ideas spread more quickly New plants were discovered by explorers and constant war encouraged new technology No.6: Isaac Newton Type: Statement Choice Which of Newton's discoveries was able to explain the work of Copernicus and Galileo? Answers The laws of motion and gravitation Calculating the velocity of a sound in a gas Calculus Discoveries in optics No.7: William Harvey T y p e :Multiple Choice What were William Harvey's TWO major contributions to medicine? Answers He discovered the circulation of blood. He discovered the role of the heart and its function in the body. He wrote all his findings down. He cut open animals. He did not have to work too hard. No.8: Robert Hooke Type: Statement Choice In what way was Hooke's work recognised outside of the field of science? Answers He helped to rebuild London after the Great Fire He became a Professor of Geometry He wrote letters to Newton He went to Westmister School

105 KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the world? Exercise No: 3 Name: Nineteenth century progress No.9: Darwin Type: Missing Part Darwin's theory of evolution brought him into great conflict who were afraid that his work would undermine their teachings of creation from the Bible. Answers with the Church of England, with Alfred Russel Wallace, with T H Huxley, with Sir Charles Lyell, No.10: Miasma and middle age medical beliefs Type: Multiple Choice How did medieval people think that diseases were passed? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Through smells in the air. God sent them as punishment. Rats carried diseases. Through germs. Through dirt and filth. No.11: Louis Pasteur (2) Type: Statement Choice What was the most significant achievement of Louis Pasteur? Answers He discovered vaccinations for cholera, anthrax and rabies He stopped beer turning sour He upset scientists with his beliefs He was able to discover that microbes passed diseases No.12: Robert Koch Type: Ranking Place the following achievments of Robert Koch in their order of significance Answers Correct Order C - D - E - A - B Statement A He had a detailed knowledge of the human body Statement B He became a District Medical officer in 1872 Statement C He found the germ that caused TB Statement D He discovered the germ that caused anthrax Statement E He discovered the germ that caused blood poisoning

106 KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the world? Exercise No: 4 Name: Atomic development No.13: Radioactivity In what TWO ways can radioactivity be used to help people? Answers It can be used to treat cancer. No.14: Ernest Rutherford Type: Multiple Choice It can be used when scanning for certain diseases. In nuclear bombs. It is used in X-Rays. It can provide hot food. Type: Missing Part Ernest Rutherford contributed greatly to our understanding of nuclear physics because Answers he dicovered the structure of atoms he was a Nobel prize winner for Chemistry he helped Jewish refugees flee he was from Manchester No.15: The Manhatten Project T y p e :Ranking Place the following events of the Manhatten project in chronological order Answers Correct Order C - E - D - A - B Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E The bomb was dropped on Hiroshima An atom bomb was dropped on Nagasaki Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt for a nuclear research project The first atomic bomb was exploded at Los Alamos Enrico Fermi conducted an explosion at CP1 No.16: Nuclear Power Type: Multiple Choice Choose one advantage and one disadvantage of the development of nuclear power Answers It is cheap to make It can be very dangerous It is cheap to make it safe It produces large amounts of waste It is unreliable

107 KS3 History 21: From Aristotle to the atom scientific discoveries that changed the world? Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer How significant have the scientific changes since the 17th century been in changing the world? Until the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries, science tended to be seen as mystical - and was seen to support the religious theories of the various churches throughout the world. Aristotle's model of the solar system stood out as the major scientific theory on the subjectand this had been recorded in 350 b.c. Aristotle saw the earth as being the centre of the universe with the sun and all the planets revolving around it. However - his theories were challenged by Copernicus - who proved that it was the earth that revolved around the sun. His theories were extremely controversial. Religious scholars did not like the fact that humans were no longer the centre as it cast doubts over God's work. His work also raised questions such as how could the earth be moving since people did not fall off the planet! Copernicus' ideas gave the impetus for many more experiments and scientific discoveries. Galileo proved Copernicus' ideas with his telescope- but this got him in trouble with the Catholic Church who forced him to retract his views and put him under house arrest for the rest of his life! The scientific revolution also gave rise to men such as Isaac Newton - who was able to explain the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo when he proved the theory of gravity- this is what kept people on the planet when it was spinning so quickly. He also established a universal system of scientifc laws which allowed scientists to make exact discoveries. His work was essential to the rest of the scientific revolution. Men such as Hooke and Boyle worked hard to make advances in physics and natural sciences, whilst others such as William Harvey made great strides in developing modern surgical techniques- finding out about blood circulation for example. He received great renown for this- particularly in the later years of his life. The 19th century saw an even greater surge of scientific discovery - led by Darwin - who produced his theory of evolution following his voyage on the Beagle to discover new life forms. Darwin's theories continue to be controversial to this day. He stated that all life had evolved from a single source and that via natural selection some species have a greater ability to survive. His theories were attacked by religious leaders who felt that he was calling into question the Bible and its theories of creation. Scientists strongly defended him- but even in the 20th century his work has caused many debates- from the Scopes Monkey trial of 1925 in the USA to the racial theories behind Naziism. In medical research men like Pasteur and Koch advanced medicine through germ research - proving that diseases were passed by germs. Pasteur developed vaccinations- an important aspect of 20th century medicine. Koch was able to isolate the germs that caused particular diseases - finding cures for the biggest diseases of his dayanthrax and tb. Their work was groundbreaking in the medical world and led on to further developments in the 20th century. Perhaps the greatest 20th century achievement in science came in 1911 when Ernest Rutherford split the atom in Manchester. He was able to formulate atomic theory - which led on to the harnessing of nuclear energy. This has many uses - from the medical uses of radioactivity- including scanning and treatments for cancer, to the development of nuclear power- which is a more reliable, yet dangerous form of energy for the world. However, Rutherford's work did pave the way for the Manhatten Project of the 1940s - where Enrico Formi and J. Robert Oppenheimer were able to develop an atomic bomb - used to terrible effect in Hiroshima and Nagasaki - casting a shadow over world affairs for the next 40 years

108 KS3 History 22: The role of the individual for good Exercise No: 1 Name: Early life No.1: Hitler and History According to the web-page what makes a good leader? Answers Leadership qualities Type: Statement Choice Power Strength Poverty No.2: An overview of Hitler's life Place the following events of Hitler's life in chronological order Type: Ranking Answers Correct Order E - D - A - C - B Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E He became chancellor He killed himself in Berlin He took Germany into WW2 He attempted an armed uprising in Munich He tried to enter art school in Vienna No.3: Hitler's early life Type: Missing Part According to his secondary school teachers, Hitler was and unable to submit to school discipline. Answers bad-tempered, self-opinionated, argumentative clever, self-opinionated, argumentative bad-tempered, self-opinionated, quiet confident, clever, argumentative, No.4: Forming Hitler's views Type: Multiple Choice Where did Hitler pick up his anti-jewish ideas? There are TWO correct answers. Answers When he was in Austria. When he went to Vienna. When he won a scholarship at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. When he was at school. When he was in Germany.

109 KS3 History 22: The role of the individual for good Exercise No: 2 Name: Motivations No.5: World War I and Hitler Which word would describe Hitler best as a soldier? Answers Brave Type: Statement Choice Cunning Lazy Cowardly No.6: Hitler and Versailles Type: Missing Part Hitler felt that the Treaty of Versailles unfairly punished Germany and had been stabbed in the back by cowardly politicians. Answers as he believed that Germany could have fought on in the war by giving too much power to Britain with its demands for Hitler's removal from power by blaming Wilson No.7: The Munich Putsch Type: Multiple Choice Although the Munich Putsch failed, there were some positive outcomes for Hitler. What were these? There are 2 correct answers. Answers Hitler was able to write his most famous book whilst in prison. His trial gave him much publicity. He was arrested and put on trial. 16 Nazis were shot dead. Bavarian leaders lied to him. No.8: Mein Kampf Type: Statement Choice Who were the main object of Hitler's hatred in Mein Kampf? Answers The Jewish race. Boxers. Flowers. The people who sent him to prison.

110 KS3 History 22: The role of the individual for good Exercise No: 3 Name: For good? No.9: The Nazi economy Type: Multiple Choice Which TWO of the following statements about Germany under the Nazis are true? Answers Everybody had a job, and a wage. Germany was strong and successful in world affairs. Wages rose. Government spending fell. Workers were badly behaved. No.10: Strength through Joy Type: Multiple Choice What benefits did the Strength through Joy programme have for workers in Germany? Only TWO are correct. Answers Cheap holidays were offered to workers. Sports facilities were set up. Free televisions were handed out. Holidays abroad were banned. Wages increased. No.11: Hitler's charisma Type: Statement Choice In what way did Hitler use his charisma in his speeches? Answers He mesmerised audiences and whipped up enthusiasm. He spoke softly to persuade people. He publicised his private life. He made sure he was never silent. No.12: Contemporary views of Hitler Type: Missing Part Many Germans before 1942 saw Hitler as Germany's savior and they were able to overlook the violent aspects of his police state. Answers as he had restored pride and stability, as he had defeated the British, because he had set up concentration camps, because he controlled all aspects of the media,

111 KS3 History 22: The role of the individual for good Exercise No: 4 Name: Or ill? No.13: Censorship Censorship was applied by the Nazis throughout their time in power Type: Statement Choice Answers allowing Germans to see nothing that was not acceptable to the Nazis No.14: Police state to prevent terrible books from being published to stop lies from being told so that Nazi ideals would not be heard Type: Multiple Choice How did the Nazis maintain control over the German people? There are TWO correct answers. Answers Anyone who opposed the Nazis would be sent to a camp. They listened to private phone calls and opened personal letters. They allowed them to voice their opinions. They were fair in their approach to law and order. The police state allowed freedoms. No.15: World War 2 Type: Statement Choice There are many different views on how Hitler managed to come to power. Which of the following is NOT a good reason? Answers Because the working classes voted the Nazi party into power. Because of Hitler's charisma. Because rich businessmen wanted him in power. Because of the Depression after the 1st World War. No.16: The Holocaust Place the following actions against the Jews in chronological order. Answers Correct Order D - B - E - A - C Type: Ranking Statement A Statement B Statement C Statement D Statement E Jewish people were worked to death in concentration camps. Hitler decided that there should be a 'Final Solution' to 'the Jewish question. Gas chambers were set up to murder Jewish people. Jews began to be persecuted in Germany. Jews were shot by German military units.

112 KS3 History 22: The role of the individual for good Peer Assessment and Expert Answer Expert Teacher Answer In what ways did Hitler change twentieth century history? To many historians, Hitler is the most evil leader of the 20th century. He instigated a Second World War which saw the deaths of millions and he set up a regime in Germany that was characterised by fear and terror. His biggest crime, however, was the forced extermination of many racial groups - most notably the Jews of Europe in the Holocaust. However, these were not the only changes that Hitler brought to the world. To many contemporaries, this was a man who revived Germany after financial problems at the end of the 1920s, and who constantly opposed the hated Treaty of Versailles- forcing European leaders to back down to Germany's demands. Many Germans were prepared to overlook the more unsavoury aspects of his regime as they had full employment, better facilities and the best motorways in Europe. Germany was a major power in Europe once more and its economy was successful. All of this appeared to be due to one man. His actions though can be seen as rather hypocritical - as it became clear during the Second World War, that Germany's progress had been geared to the sole aim of expanding its borders and creating war in Europe. This was what motivated Hitler - along with his extremely racist views. His most terrible legacy can be seen in the Holocaust which followed on from the most terrible aspects of his police state in Germany. Concentration camps had been set up for opponents of the Nazis in and people were tortured, beaten up and killed for merely speaking their views. Hitler's propaganda glossed over these things. His SS officers became an even greater instrument of terror to the Jews of Germany who were persecuted in the years leading up to WW2 - all because of Hitler's beliefs. As WW2 commenced Jews were taken to concentration camps, and when other countries such as Poland and Russia were invaded and the Jews under Hitler's control grew - he came up with an appalling 'Final Solution' - the murder of 6 million innocent civilians. Extermination camps were set up with gas chambers- and Jews were sent by rail to these death camps, from all over Europe. Gypsies, homosexuals and other racial groups were also targeted. Hitler's beliefs and motivations certainly changed the shape of the twentieth century - progress in Germany before 1939 was used to create evil in the years of the 2nd World War