ACIAR Teak Agroforestry and Smallholder Workshop November 2016

Transcription

1 ACIAR Teak Agroforestry and Smallholder Workshop November 2016 SUMMARY The workshop brought together 40 people from seven countries, and included representatives from ACIAR projects working with smallholders growing teak as woodlots and agroforestry systems in Laos, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, participants from Lao research, forestry and extension agencies, plus one researcher from Berkley University and two PhD students from Australian National University. A common theme across these countries and the experience of the various participants, was that significant potential benefits of teak were not being fully realised by small holder teak growers in the region. Commonly smallholders poorly manage their teak woodlots, and so economic benefits to smallholders are seriously constrained. The workshop allowed sharing of experiences, research outcomes, and ideas between the ACIAR projects, with a view to improved outcomes in each of these projects, and ultimately improved uptake by smallholders in Laos, Indonesia, PNG and the Solomon Islands. The workshop was run over 4 days, and hosted by the Upland Agriculture Research Centre (NAFRI) in Luang Prabang. The workshop opened with welcoming addresses from Directors of the Forest Research Centre, Upland Agriculture Research Center, Dean of Forest Resources Department Souphanouvong University and Deputy Directors of Luang Prabang Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office and Northeran Agriculture and Forestry College. Following the welcome session and a break for lunch, the workshop program moved to the presentation of summaries of each of the ACIAR teak projects represented at the meeting to provide context for the work supported by ACIAR in Laos, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Mr Bounchanh Lattanavongkot provided and overview of the work of the Luang Prabang Teak Project assisting farmers with plantation registration, training and group certification. In this session we were also have to hear about similar work in the Philippines presented by Nestor Gregoria, work on teak in Timore Leste that is being supported by the European Union that was presented by Paolo Toselli. After discussion over coffee, the workshop moved to the topic of smallholder timber resources with Stephen Midgley providing a presentation of the importance of smallholders in Asia s wood supply, Hilary Smith a summary of the teak woodlots in Luang Prabang from mapping of the resource using aerial photography, Tony 1

2 Page on the small holder teak resource in PNG, Vaeno Vigulu of teak in the Solomon Islands, and Purnomo Sumardamto for Indonesia. These presentations demonstrated the significant importance of smallholders the growing and marketing of teak throughout the region, yet common problems with supply chain due to smallholders typically only cutting teak on a needs basis. The Solomon Islands presents additional special problems for wood supply where the smallholder resource is both fragmented, but also isolated by water and poor road infrastructure. Day 2 of the workshop opened with discussion of the silvicultural systems adopted by smallholders with James Roshetko providing an overview, and specific details of Laos (Somphanh Sakanphet), Papua New Guinea (Tony Page), Indonesia (Aris Sudomo), the Solomon Islands (Tim Blumfield) and the Philippines (Nestor Gregoria) presented and discussed. After coffee break and further discussion, we had a series of presentations relating markets, economic benefits, regulations and constraints faced by smallholders in the region. Following a break for lunch presentations looked at a range of issues: harvesting and processing using mobile sawmills in the Solomon Islands; clonal propagation mature teak in PNG; mixed species woodlots in the Solomons; the participatory approaches used in PNG. In the final session of a packed program, presentations looked at the different livelihood pathways adopted by smallholders, adoption under the Kanoppi project in Indonesia, and role of education in extension and training in Laos. Day 3 saw us move to the field, with first stop being the tissue culture facilities at Souphanouvong University, and inspection of the first teak seedlings produced in Laos from tissue culture. From here we moved to the Northern Agriculture and Forestry College where the group was met by students of the college, and able to inspect the collection of over 100 samples of broom grass assembled from northern Laos and the teak Nelder wheel experiment planted in A highlight for many was meeting with the students, who were very interested to learn how you can measure the height of a tree with a stick thanks to Tim 2

3 Blumfield. In the afternoon we visited a thinning trial at Ban Kok Gniew owned by Mr Khao, and village enterprises supported by ACIAR under the VALTIP2 project. That evening the team met for dinner over traditional Lao BBQ, providing excellent opportunity for discussion of days activities and building of networks. On last day of the workshop participants split into small groups to discuss issues relating to policy, livelihoods, gender, adoption, silviculture and management systems, and access to markets. Results of the discussion as developed by each of the groups are presented below as outcomes from the meeting (below). Participants saw particular value in sharing diverse experiences across the countries and organisations represented at the workshop. Following discussion and wrap-up, the meeting closed and participants shared a final lunch prior to some people having to leave after lunch. In the afternoon and Friday there was 3

4 opportunity to those who had time to visit additional trial sites near Luang Prabang, and see a little more of the Lao country-side. Appendices to the report include the workshop program, a list of the workshop presentations (including links to these presentations on the LATARP website, a link to photographs from the workshop, and a list of the workshop participants. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank the local organising team, particularly Mr Somphanh Sakanphet and Mr Phonkham Siphommachan whose efforts ensure the success of the workshop. The inputs and contributions of the participants and the support of ACIAR for this workshop and the research activities represented are also gratefully acknowledged. All participants greatly valued the opportunity this workshop provided to share ideas, knowledge and experiences working in different countries, and the ability draw parallels from these shared experiences. Specific outcomes from the meeting: sharing of seed from plus trees selected in the Ban Laksip DANIDA seed stand with Papua New Guinea, and the teak siliviculture manual for Laos that has recently been completed and translated into the Lao language. Report prepared by: Mark Dieters, The University of Queensland, Jan

5 OUTCOMES WORKING GROUP DISCUSSIONS 1. Plantation Policy in Laos and Solomon Islands Policy Challenges For Lao PDR the biggest challenge is in finding and developing markets for teak. This may increase farmer motivation to harvest their trees. If not, the resource will stagnate and/or decline they will not manage it or replant it. To create demand for plantation teak the ban on harvesting natural forests could be made permanent. That way any remaining industry will be dependent on the teak resource. Another challenge is the long-term time frame that is needed for teak. In the Solomon Islands markets are also the biggest challenge. Also, policies that are too specific may not be accepted. Policies should have multiple complementary objectives to make them more acceptable. For teak systems that combine wood, food, CO2 sequestration and environmental benefits could be a good combination. This could be promoted through/be consistent with REDD+. Policy Engagement opportunities for ACIAR projects Both Lao PDR and Solomon Islands are reviewing the policies, laws and regulations for forests and plantations. The ACIAR projects can provide the evidence basis for reforms. For example, the Teak Agroforestry project in Laos has the information to support revision to Regulation No 1849 on plantations, which sets the planting systems/spacing/stocking etc and VALTIP2 has the evidence to support revisions to Regulation No 196/AF and Decree No 96/PM on plantation promotion and also on plantation registration. In the Solomon Islands the ACIAR project can support the development of policies based on agroforestry, which bring together wood and food production in an agroforestry policy. In both cases, the projects need to develop appropriate outputs showing case studies and facts as the evidence for change and present these to the policy makers and other stakeholders - e.g. policy briefs, policy dialogs with the right people. There may be a role of ACIAR country/regional offices in facilitation this but it needs to be both top down and bottom up. Summary of the State of Knowledge Laos Solomon Island Comments/Issues Strong past policy for the promotion of plantations and wood from plantations aimed at farmers has been successful in encouraging the planting of trees, particularly teak. Today, the policy is not so clear on how to translate that success to supply wood to the industry. There is a national forest policy but it has focussed on reforestation - not specific to teak or planting trees for timber production. Not aimed at a specific group (e.g farmers) In both countries Forest Policy is under review. This creates an opportunity to invigorate/reinvigorate the role of plantations, particularly smallholder/community owned plantations. 5

6 Laos Solomon Island Comments/Issues Implementation of National policies and laws is impacted by arrangements that allow provinces, districts and villages to make their own regulations. These are supposed to be consistent with national policies but are often influenced by local self-interest. For example: in Laos, Provinces have been able to make local forestry tax rules that are aimed at maximising local tax benefits. As each province does this it impacts the flow/movement of timber as companies try to minimise the tax imposts on them. Implementation of National policies and laws is impacted by arrangements that allow provinces, to make their own regulations. These are supposed to be consistent with national policies but are often influenced by local self-interest. For example: provinces may make local ordinances that allow them to modify the exclusions (buffers) associated with those areas that should not be harvested. Some provinces harvest and sell more wood that they should. At the local and farmer level the application of regulations is influenced by the transfer of knowledge between DAFOtraders -other growers. All have some self-interest. For example: DAFO grows and sells seedlings and has an interest in promoting high stocking levels so as to sell more seedlings even though this may not be best practice. Also impacted by lack of knowledge and lack of up-to-date information. For example: high stocking may cause erosion. Decreasing stocking may reduce erosion because it allows understory to develop. Harvesting regulations are based on those developed for natural forest. They are overly complex and run counter to policy designed to get plantation wood into the market. Plantation owners have to get approvals every time they harvest. This is inefficient and not economical when the harvesting volume is typically low (a few trees as needed). There are cultural and traditional preferences for particular species and this should also be taken into account. There are no specific regulations for plantation harvesting. There are two types of approvals: Felling licence - based on area, applies to large companies Milling licence - for resource owners harvesting and taking wood to the mill. Is location specific and based on an annual fee $SI150. Contractors are regulated under the Forestry Act. Both countries would benefit from approaches that allow for some flexibility associated with locally specific conditions but which firmly establish core principles that must be followed (and are enforced). Regulations should be more flexible with respect to prescriptions for planting arrangements appropriate to species and geographical conditions - e.g. allowing for contour planting on sloping land. May need some specific codes of practice for specific species. Definitions of plantation should be broader. Both countries need regulations that are specific to plantations and smallholder plantations (noting harvesting large scale and smallholder plantations is done differently and will have different impacts). Could apply a similar process in Lao as in SI - area based harvesting approval. This might 6

7 Laos Solomon Island Comments/Issues be an incentive for plantation registration. Wood traders are essential but largely unregulated. They should be registered with Provincial Industry and Commerce and PAFO but typically are not. Enforcement in the smallholder plantation sector is low. Low risk and low priority for DoFI which also deals with illegal logging and wildlife trafficking. DAFO might not see enforcement as their ole anymore since DoFI was created. Mild sanctions exist for noncompliance. There are different types of noncompliance. Wood traders are essential but largely unregulated. They should be registered with Ministry of Commerce and get a felling licence but there are no conditions or standards that apply to them. There are only 3 enforcement and compliance officers in SI, with very low budget. Provincial Forestry officers do the general inspection of operations. There are tensions between the enforcement officer and provincial forestry officers (who may get in trouble if there are non-compliances) This is a policy challenge. The role of traders is not well understood. They are important in the value chain. The provide connection between grower and processor and take on risk associated with wood quality etc. They transfer information and take on roles in informal processes for running documents and they control information about market and set price. It is not clear what the risks of non-compliance with plantation rules are what are the impacts and consequences. What level of monitoring and enforcement is necessary? 7

8 2. Teak based livelihoods, gender, adoption, lessons learnt Would like to have a teak women s group for physical training using a chainsaw properly so that there is no tree damage, how to prune, etc. Now men are leaving for outside work and then women have to take on this role. In the past we haven t done that (Lao PDR). Should be some sort of authority from the village head to encourage them to go to training. Short term income often earned by women cash crops to feed their children every day. Long term income is the responsibility of the male farmer (Outhai). Challenging because women are so busy. In agroforestry system, women will do the short-term crops. Maybe should involve the head of the LWU to encourage women to participate in the training. (Soy) Indonesia women more interested in nursery work and marketing in the teak chain. They also have to focus on the short-term crops to earn the daily wage. East Timor 30% of extension workers are women (but not just for tree crops). Adoption rate was higher for extension of agriculture (including trees). PNG even with women extension workers, it is culturally difficult to work with men. Women better at nursery management. Maybe women scared to go to a teak forest alone but women like to work together. Also, women maybe have to be close to the house. Gender roles in the teak chain (Indonesia and Laos) Activity Female Male Indonesia Lao Loum Indonesia Lao Loum Decide to plant and where ü ü ü ü Collect seed ü ü ü Nursery ü ü ü Land clearing ü ü ü ü Planting teak ü ü ü ü Intercropping short term ü ü ü ü Weeding ü ü ü Pruning ü ü Thinning ü ü Decision to harvest ü ü ü Marketing ü ü ü Decision to save/expend ü ü Conclusions from Table: Women are collecting seed therefore have to target. Seasonal labour dry season is the time to collect seed. Changing labour roles with development, therefore can t generalise. Women choose expenditure but men making decision to add value, is up to men. Maybe women come to training. Also training not linked to immediate action on their own blocks e.g. their own trees are not ready to thin or prune. 8

9 Adoption At what point do we accept that extension only works up to a point people planted teak in 1996 in a very different development context. Will they still plant teak today? Existing land expensive, no more land available to expand. We all need money therefore marketing more important. Focus on tree management at high school. 9

10 3. Teak Systems and Management u Solomon Islands planting 4x3 monoculture, no thinning, no pruning, no intercropping, limited weeding - no land pressure, so people don t intercrop teak (away from the house) u Laos - planting 3x3 monoculture, no thinning, no pruning, intercropping for 2-3 years after planting (upland rice, maize, job s tear, - land pressure exists, teak in upland fields (with access) u PNG - planting 3x3 monoculture, 3x3 planted into existing cacao or coconut, teak benefits from fert and weeding of cocoa and coconut, also with balsa - limited landholding (0.5 ha/family) so need to multi-crop u Philippines? - teak is not common (lesser important species), about1% or less of trees on farms planted like mahogany and other similar species - 3x3 mandated by government, but varies greatly - teak has a common insect problem reduces farmer interest u Indonesia - 2x2, 2x3, 3x3 monoculture (timber), frequently intercropping with annual crops, intercropping not limited to establishment period (market oriented) - 2x2, 2x3, 3x3 mixed tree system other timbers, fruit, medicinal, fodder; also intercropped with annual crops - spacing also depend on land condition - land pressure exists, multicropping, ha/family - three main systems: Kitren timber systems (70% teak); tegalan mixed tree garden (55% teak); pekarangan - homegardens (38% teak). - kitren and tegalan away from the home - homegardens by the house - all three systems might be intercropped - in general no thinning, no pruning - fertilizer and weeding only associated with intercropping Drivers for adoption of teak planting by smallholders u Solomon Islands - income (future wealth accumulation) u Laos - maintaining land claim - income (future wealth accumulation) - reducing farming labor requirements u PNG - income (wealth accumulation) - homeuse timber and fuelwood u Philippines - income (wealth accumulation) 10

11 u Indonesia - income (wealth accumulation) - culture (some farmers say) u The main driver is income/wealth but why is there no driver to manage??? - all countries: labor shortage (not in the Solomon Islands) and limited capital for investment; annual crops are the priority; short-term cash need; trees are a longterm crop (investments) benefit not sure, 11

12 4. Certification Perceived Gaps 70% delivered costs Certification Growing teak Harvesting/ hauling teak Processing teak Marketing teak Growers Land tenure Policy issues Micro-finance Technical issues: Silviculture Management Germplasm Selection of trees Measurement of trees Payment for trees Log size Squaring Transport to log yard Transport to port Trucking costs Marshalling Shipping Taxes on island and sea transport Storage in log yards Ideal parcel size Savings? Efficiencies? Role of traders? Log size Sawing Drying Finishing Product development Prices Market studies Promotion Market areas Graphic illustrates from of the perceived gaps in the certification of smallholder tree plantations. Costs are borne primarily by grower, and value of certification largely realised by processors and resellers of manufactured products in a certified timber supply chain. For Laos primary market is currently China, which currently places not value of certification of timber supply chains. 12

13 APPENDIX WORKSHOP PROGRAM Monday 14 November Session Time Program Chair 12:30 Registration 1 13:00 Welcome Session Carl Menke Director Forest Research Centre Vongvilay Vongkhamsao D/Director PAFO Mr Bounme presented on behalf of Director Sayaphan Lasy Director UARC Bounthanh Keoboualapha Dean Forestry, SU Sianouvong Savathvong Deputy Director NAFC Outhai Soukkhy 13:30 Project overviews Bounthanh Keoboulapha Mark Dieters - LATARP Latsamay Boupha - VALTIP Tony Page - PNG Tim Blumfield - Solomons Aulia Perdana - Indonesia Bounchanh - LPTP Paolo Toselli - Timore Leste Nestor Gregoria - Philippines 15:30 Coffee Break - Group Photograph 2 16:00 Smallholder Woodlots - Resources Sianouvong Savathvong Stephen Midgley - Hidden assets: Asia's smallholder wood resources VALTIP2 (Hilary/Bounchanh) - Lao Teak- Mapping and Characterisation PNG Rep (Anton/Tony) - PNG Teak and other small holder woodlots SI Rep (Vaeno/Tim) - SI Teak and other small holder woodlots Indon Rep (TBA) - Indonesian Teak and other small holder woodlots 17:30 Discussion 13

14 Tuesday 15 November Session Time Program Chair 3 8:30 Local Small Holder Teak Silvicultural Systems - Stephen Midgley Woodlots and Agroforestry Systems Jim Roshetko - Overview: Smallholder teak systems Somphanh Sakanphet - Laos Tony Page/Anton - PNG Aris Sudomo - Indonesia Tim Blumfield - Solomon Islands Nestor - Philippines Discussion 10:00 Break 4 10:30 Economic benefits and market access for small holder timber Overview of markets for plantation teak - Stephen Midgley Role of farmer groups and enterprises - Stuart Ling Role of certification - Bounchanh and Stephen What influences teak smallholder compliance with plantation regulations - Hilary Smith Regulatory and market constraints facing private smallholding tree farmers in timber harvest and commercial markets: the case of teak in Gunungkidul District, Indonesia (Purnomo Sumardamto) Plantation Policy in Laos and Vietnam - consequences and challenges (Hilary) Discussion Aulia Perdana 12:30 Lunch break 5 13:30 Development of relevant/appropriate silvicultural Tony Page Plantation harvesting and processing of teak in SI - Tim Blumfield Clonal capture from mature teak in PNG - Anton Lata Mixed species woodlots - Vaeno Vigulu A participatory approach to inventory and extension - Tony Page Agroforestry vs. single species woodlots (TBA) 15:00 Break 14

15 Session Time Program Chair 6 14:00 Knowledge Adoption and Lessons Learnt James Roshetko Household strategic pathways to economic development - Jono Newby Knowledge adoption and lessons learnt from Kanoppi project (Aris Sudomo) Solomons - Tim Blumfield PNG - Tony Page Laos - Dr Outhai Souhkky- role of education Discussion Wednesday 16 November: 8:00 Field trip - Sites near Luang Prabang City, leave Sokphanhkham Hotel 8am. 8:30 Tissue Culture - Souphanouvong University 10:00 Broom grass collection - NAFC 11:00 Nelder wheel - NAFC 12:30 Lunch on Mekong 14:30 Thinning trial at Kok Gniew Mr Khao 16:00 Mr Nippon smallholder/village activity 19:00 Workshop Dinner Thursday 17 November Session Time Program Chair 7 8:30 Small group sessions Mark Dieters 10:00 Break 10:30 Reporting back from small groups and wrap-up 12:00 Workshop close - concluding remarks 12:30 Lunch 15

16 WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS BY COUNTRY Copies of most workshop presentations are available for download from the Lao-Australia Teak Agroforestry Research Project WordPress site. The URL for each presentation is provided below. INDONESIA James Roshetko, Smallholder systems an overview. [ ew.pdf] Kanoppi, Development of timber and non-timber forest products production and market strategies for improvement of smallholders livelihoods in Indonesia [ The Intercropping of Zingiber officinale var amarum on teak silviculture in Karangduwet Village, Paliyan sub district, Gunungkidul district of Yogyakarta [ ger.pdf] LAOS PDR Hilary Smith, What influences teak smallholder compliance with plantation regulations? [ ] Stuart Ling, The evolution of teak grower groups in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR: An action research approach. [ Ken Boer and Hongkham Seneanachak, Plantation Teak Mapping in Luang Prabang Province[ ionmapping.pdf] Latsamy Boupha, VALTIP2 Enhancing key elements of the value chain for plantation grown wood in Lao PDR, Project objectives, findings and recommendations.[ pdf] Mark Dieters, LATARP Lao-Australia Teak Agroforestry Research Project: ACIAR Project FST/2012/041 project overview. [ Outhai Soukhhy, LATARP Role of Northern Agriculture and Forestry College [ 16

17 Stephen Midgley, Hidden assets: Asia s smallholder wood resources [ Stephen Midgley, Global Markets for Plantation Teak: Implications for Lao PDR [ Stephen Midgley, The promise and reality of certification: help or hinderance to smallholders. [ Somphanh Sakanphet, Overview of teak silvicultural practices in Lao PDR [ Somphanh Sakanphet, A manual for teak establishment and management in Lao PDR [ Jonathan Newby, Smallholder teak in Luang Prabang: multiple pathways of landscape and livelihood transitions [ PAPUA NEW GUINEA Anton Lata, Teak plantations and woodlots in PNG. [ Anton Lata, Teak clonal research and its value to seed quality supported by ACIAR In PNG [ Tony Page, Smallholder teak in PNG [ PHILIPPINES John Herbohn and Nestor Gregorio, ACIAR smallholder forestry project: 15 years of research in the Philippines... and going. [ orestry.pdf] Nestor Gregorio, Tree growing by communities: The case of pilot community-based reforestation program in Biliran Island, The Philippines [ tion.pdf] 17

18 SOLOMON ISLANDS Tim Blumfield, ACIAR in Solomon Islands [ Tim Blumfield, On-site milling and processing: overcoming the problems of isolation in the Solomon Islands [ Vaeno Vigulu, Mixes species woodlots in Solomon Islands [ Vaeno Vigulu, Solomon Island teak and other smallholder woodlots [ TIMOR-LESTE Paolo Toselli, Agroforestry in Timor-Leste [ WORKSHOP PHOTOGRAPHS Photographs for workshop and field days are available on Flickr, as compiled by Jonathan Newby: 18

19 WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS First Name Last Name Organisation Country ACIAR Project Affiliation Tim Blumfield Griffith University Australia FST/2012/043 Pazeun Bouaphakeo Souphanouvong University Laos FST/2012/041 Mr Bounnme Luang Prabang Provincial Agriculture and Laos None Forestry Office Latsamay Boupha National University of Laos Laos FST/2010/012 Bounheang Channanh Souphanouvong University Laos FST/2012/041 Mark Dieters The University of Queensland Australia FST/2012/041 Nestor Gregorio University of Sunshine Coast Australia/Philippines ASEM/2010/050 Alick Haruhiru Project officer (ACIAR funded) Solomon Islands FST/2012/043 Bounthanh Keobourlapha Upland Agriculture Research Center, NAFRI Laos FST/2012/041 Maichor Lao Northern Agriculture and Forestry College Laos FST/2012/041 Anton Lata PNG Forestry Department PNG FST/2014/069 Bounchanh Lattanavongkto Luang Prabang Teak Project Laos FST/2010/012 Stuart Ling Consultant Laos FST/2010/012 Juliet Lu University of California, Berkeley USA None? Damien McRae Northern Agriculture and Forestry College Australia FST/2012/041 (Australian volunteer) Carl Menke ACIAR (Canberra) Australia ACIAR Stephen Midgley Salwood P/L Australia/Laos FST/2012/041 & FST/2010/012 Dao Midgley Salwood P/L Australia/Laos FST/2012/041 Soytavanh Mienmany Australian National University (PhD Student) Laos/Australia ADP/2014/047 Khampheng Mounmeuangxam ACIAR (Vientiane) Laos ACIAR 19

20 Jonathan Newby The University of Queensland Laos/Australia FST/2012/041, plus other ACIAR projects Rachel Olson Northern Agriculture and Forestry College Australia/Laos FST/2012/041 (Australian volunteer) Tony Page University of Sunshine Coast Australia FST/2014/069 Aulia Perdana ICRAF Indonesia FST/2012/039 Bounxian Phetlumphan Souphanouvong University Laos FST/2012/041 Riyandoko Riyandoko ICRAF Indonesia FST/2012/039 James Roshetko ICRAF Indonesia FST/2012/039 Somphanh Sakanphet Upland Agriculture Research Center, NAFRI Laos FST/2012/041 Sianouvong Savathvong Souphanouvong University Laos FST/2012/041 Bounglieng Singvichit Tree Planting Division, Forestry Department Laos None Phonkham Siphommachan Project officer (ACIAR funded) Laos FST/2012/041 Hilary Smith Consultant Australia FST/2010/012 & ADP/2014/047 Outhai Soukhhy Northern Agriculture and Forestry College Laos FST/2012/041 Bounkieng Souliyasck Northern Agriculture and Forestry College Laos FST/2012/041 Aris Sudomo Forestry Department Indonesia FST/2012/039 Purnomo Sumardamto Forestry Department Indonesia FST/2012/039 Paolo Toselli European Union Project Timor Leste None Alexander Van Der Meer Australian National University (PhD Student) Australia/Laos ADP/2014/047 Vaeno Vigulu SI Forestry Department Solomon Islands FST/2012/043 Vongvilay Vongkhamsao Forest Research Center, NAFRI Laos ADP/2014/047 20