Future Flight: UAS or Drones coming to an Airport Near You

Transcription

1 Future Flight: UAS or Drones coming to an Airport Near You Presented to: Unmanned Systems in Agriculture Conference 2015 AUVSI Atlanta and Ga COI Date: March 18, 2015 Presented by: CAPT Michael K. Wilson UAS Program Manager FAA Southern Region

2 Wright Brothers, Jet Engine UAS? Industry forecasts indicate potential worldwide market for commercial and military UAS at nearly $90 billion over next decade 3

3 Economic Impact Estimated at $82B with over 100,000 Jobs Created AUVSI 4

4 UAS: Friend or Foe? 5

5 What is a UAS? An Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) historically has had various names Drone, ROA, RPV, UAV, Model/R-C FAA: UAS is a System Unmanned Aircraft (UA) Reusable, capable of controlled, sustained level flight Ground Control Station (GCS) Command & Control Links Flown or overseen by a PIC 6

6 Unmanned Aircraft, Types Small Less than 55# < 86 Knots KE? Large 12,500# Global Hawk Predator OPA 7

7 FAA Vision for UAS Integration Safe, efficient, and timely integration of UAS into the airspace Safe Because safety is the FAA s primary mission Efficient FAA is committed to reduce delays and increase system reliability Timely FAA is dedicated to supporting this exciting new technology 8

8 Integration a Small Problem? 750,000 DJI Phantoms shipped 18,000 per month being shipped by Amazon Are pilots still pilots? 9

9 Recent CNN Events White House lawn: Inside job Wall Street Journal It s not that the people flying UAS are worse pilots, it s that they re not pilots at all. CEO 3D Robotics, Inc Good AUVSI Convention Osh Kosh/Sun n Fun/Reno Air Races Test Sites/Universities Agriculture shows Not so Good Port of Miami CBP and Miami Task Force TLH NMAC by RJ Captain with F-4 drone ATL pilot reports: 9L UAS at 400 short final ; 27L 4000 Savannah A320 JB Report on visual approach (3 rd event) New York/LA/Boston/Chicago/Dallas 10

10 UAS in Lawmaking Four states - Florida, Idaho, Montana and Virginia have already passed laws to control the use of drones by law enforcement. FL, ID, an MT: Barred police from using drones without a warrant in most cases Virginia has barred their use by law enforcement (with exceptions) for two years. According to a tally by the American Civil Liberties Union, legislation to limit drone use has been proposed in 41 states and remains active in 32 states. 11

11 Getting to Integration Today Accommodation Mid-term Transition to NAS Integration Long-term Integration into the NextGen NAS 12

12 FAA UAS Integration Office, AFS-80 Single POC for All-Things UAS To promote UAS-NAS integration, the FAA established a division-level organization reporting to the Director of Flight Standards Single agency executive focal point Matrixed organization with staff from Air Traffic and Flight Standards Primary sponsoring office for FAA UAS research and development Coordinates Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) processing Publishes UAS Civil Integration Roadmap Processes Section 333 petitions for exemption 13

13 Flight Standards Performance Plan FAA S MISSION, VISION, AND VALUES Mission Provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world. Vision Transform the aviation system to reflect the highest standards of safety and efficiency and be a model for the world. The FAA will bring about this transformation by fostering innovation in our workforce and in how we serve our stakeholders and the American people. Four strategic priorities: 1. Make aviation safer and smarter 2. Deliver benefits through technology and infrastructure 3. Enhance global leadership 4. Empower and innovate with FAA s people 14

14 FAA Flight Standards Performance Plan The nation s air traffic system is based on infrastructure that was largely built 50 years ago and is out of balance with our stakeholders changing needs. NextGen is redefining the NAS and is delivering benefits to system users, such as reduced fuel costs, reduced delays, and reduced environmental impact. Great technological advancements require the FAA to safely integrate new types of user technologies, such as unmanned aircraft systems and commercial space vehicles, into the airspace. As we accommodate new services, the FAA must rationalize and rebalance existing services while modernizing our existing infrastructure in order to reduce costs and become more efficient in the long run. 15

15 UAS: Anybody Can Do It 16

16 Who Operates Them? Private Recreational Operators (Hobbyists) Operations below 400 /Remote Area/5 miles from airport Not for commercial operations (compensation or hire) Civil An entity other than public requiring a S A C Ex or Restricted No commercial operations (compensation or hire) unless stipulated in terms and conditions of exemption Public intrinsically governmental in nature (i.e. federal, state, and local agencies) Operator must qualify as public entity Operation must qualify as government function (public interest) Examples: Department of Defense (DoD); other local, state, and federal government agencies and some universities 17

17 Who is Operating UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS)? Public (Governmental) Aircraft via Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Homeland Security Department of Interior Department of Justice NASA Universities Federal/State/Local Law Enforcement Civil Aircraft via Special Airworthiness Certificates and Special Flight Permits By Exemption Boeing/Insitu Aerovironment Raytheon AAI Corporation General Atomics Arctic and Alaska: SAC-R Others as exempted under

18 Where Are UAS Operating? Class A, C, D, E, and G Airspace Domestic and Oceanic (12 mile limit) Limitations: Not in Class B Airspace Now NPRM offers limited access with mitigations Not Over Populated Areas (yellow on the sectionals) What about GIS? 19

19 UAS Integration Where? How? When? Rules? 20

20 Critical UAS Integration Issues Lack of regulations for UAS suas Proposed Rule (NPRM) slowed: Due 8/14, Issued last Sunday! Final Rule due September 2015 Commercial and privacy Others as required by Congress: FMRA/PL Proponent operational and system maturity Beta vs VHS Apple vs Android Title 10 for DOD? Training, Pilot certification, and airworthiness Risk mitigation see-and-avoid CFR Oversight requirements: COA vs CFR 21

21 FAA Modernization & Reform Act 2012 aka: FAA Reauthorization Bill Signed into LAW Feb 14, 2012 Provisions include: Creation of 5 year roadmap to be updated annually: DONE Expedited access for public unmanned aircraft: DONE FAA to study human factors: In Progress Small UAS rule to permit flight by 2014: LATE Exemption for model aircraft < 55 lbs: IN WORK Establishment of Test Sites: DONE Arctic flying: Done but a work in Progress LEA ops < 1 year: Established 22

22 FAA UAS Guidance and Collaboration Comprehensive Plan to Congress 2013 Common framework for evolving interagency coordination and planning Roadmap Published Current and future policies, regulations, technologies and procedures required for CIVIL UAS ARC : Part 91 rule review Aligned with FMRA Congressional mandates Supports FAA Destination 2025 suas rule on National Goals for FAA 23

23 Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) FAA has safety mandate under 49 U.S.C : requirement to regulate aircraft operations conducted in the NAS, which include UAS operations States and local governments enacting own laws regarding operation of UAS may mean that UAS operations may also violate state and local laws specific to UAS operations, as well as broadly applicable laws such as assault, criminal trespass, or injury to persons or property. UAS operators and LEAs must be familiar with the airspace restrictions. Flight restrictions (TFR s) are used to protect, but are not limited to special security events, sensitive operations (e.g., select law enforcement activity, space flight operations, etc.), and Presidential movement. 24

24 Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) FAA recognizes that State and local Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) are often in the best position to deter, detect, immediately investigate, and, as appropriate, pursue enforcement actions to stop unauthorized or unsafe UAS operations. While the FAA must exercise caution not to mix criminal law enforcement with the FAA s administrative safety enforcement function, the public interest is best served by coordination and fostering mutual understanding and cooperation between governmental entities with law enforcement responsibilities. 25

25 Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) Although certainly not an exhaustive list, law enforcement officials, first responders and others can provide invaluable assistance to the FAA by taking the actions outlined below: (1)Witness Identification and Interviews. (1)Identification of Operators. (2)Viewing and Recording the Location of the Event. (3)Identifying Sensitive Locations, Events, or Activities. (4)Notification. (5)Evidence Collection. 26

26 Potential Law Enforcement 27

27 Proponent Breakdown COA Applications Submitted by Proponent CY14 28

28 Current Authorizations Current Authorizations 29

29 UAS Test Sites University of Alaska Includes test ranges in Hawaii and Oregon Operational May 5, 2014 State of Nevada Operational June 9, 2014 New York Griffiss International Airport Includes test ranges in Massachusetts Operational August 7, 2014 North Dakota Department of Commerce Operational April 21, 2014 Texas A&M University Corpus Christi Operational June 20, 2014 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) Includes test ranges in New Jersey (partnered with Rutgers University) and Maryland Operational August 13,

30 Potential Areas for FMRA Section 333 FILMING POWER LINE INSPECTION PRECISION AGRICULTURE FLARE STACK INSPECTION 31

31 UAS in a Neighborhood Near You 32

32 FMRA Section 333 Benefits and Potential Areas Able to move forward with incremental UAS integration for specific, limited, low-risk uses in advance of small UAS rule Includes commercial operations that provide economic benefits Begins to address demand Exempts Airworthiness requirements May apply for additional exemptions, which may or may not be granted Potential Areas Movie making Precision agriculture Flare stack (oil rig) monitoring Power line inspection Real Estate Accident forensics 600+ companies have filed Petitions for Exemption based on Section 333 (as of March 15) but only 49 approved 33

33 Agricultural Possibilities 34

34 Impact on Agriculture UAS operations expected to be the future of agriculture Safer, less costly operations Greater precision/ability to see broad visual overview of crop conditions Trimble submitted application for Section 333 exemption for geospatial mapping; approved December 2014 Yamaha in discussions with FAA to obtain type certificate for RMAX unmanned helicopter Currently used for chemical application in Japan and Australia 35

35 Agriculture Exemptions As of March 13, 8 companies granted Section 333 exemptions for agriculture: Trimble Navigation, Ltd. Advanced Aviation Solutions Pravia, LLC Viafield BOSH Precision Agriculture dba Digital Harvest 3D Aerial Solutions FalconSkyCam Quiet Creek Corporation 36

36 UAS Center of Excellence Originally suggested in Senate committee report in FY 2012 In FY 2013, FAA received several Congressional inquires FAA deferred selection process until UAS Test Site selection complete Included as requirement in FY 2014 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development (THUD) conference report Selection process has started: award in FY

37 University Research 38

38 Myths about UAS - Unmanned aircraft are not aircraft and not regulated - Title 49 USC and Title 14 CFR - FAA Doesn t Control Flights below CFR 91.13: Ground/water/air prevention of collisions - Business purpose is okay over private property and I can use my model to fly commercially - All commercial aircraft subject to CFR: certified pilot and a/c - The US is lagging other countries in approving commercial drones - NAS largest in the world: FAA Cert vs assumption of liability - Harmonization ongoing with ROW - Information on new website: Federal 39 Aviation 39

39 Raphael Pirker Case Background Raphael Pirker fined $10,000 for reckless and careless operation of a model UAS following filming at the University of Virginia, 2011 Landmark Legal Actions National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) judge determined FAA did not have jurisdiction in UAS FAA appealed decision to full NTSB panel Judge s decision was stayed, pending NTSB review NTSB review determined FAA did have authority over aircraft FAA settled case for $1100 but won principle of authority Impact Increased media reports of unauthorized commercial operations Comments from operators who say they plan to operate without FAA authorization Response from FAA Interpretive Rule issued on June 23, 2014 Restates FAA authority to take enforcement action against hazardous operations 40

40 FAA Outreach: Education, Compliance and Enforcement Interpretive Rule Communication Plan Immediate Actions Press release/infographic Guidance for Aviation Safety Inspectors and Air Traffic Control Law enforcement outreach Follow-on Actions Continued partnership with Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) Establish partnerships with: Other agencies Manufacturers/industry 41

41 Know Before You Fly Outreach Campaign Announced December 22, 2014 provides prospective UAS users with information and guidance to fly safely and responsibly founding members: AUVSI, Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) and the Small UAV Coalition partnered with FAA other Supporters include: Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) January 7, 2015 Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) January 9,

42 FAA Working with Industry on Know Before You Fly Campaign FAA reached voluntary agreement with UAS manufacturers to include guidance materials in packaging manufacturers who voluntarily committed include: DJI, Parrot and Yuneec Electrical Aviation DJI has already begun including material in their Phantom 2 Quadcopter boxes 43

43 UAS In the news 44

44 Not a matter of if, but when a UA meets catastrophe MQ-9 Reaper Lost in the California Desert September 1, 2010 An MQ-9 Reaper Remotely Piloted Aircraft operating under the Aeronautical Systems Center at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio crashed yesterday in the Mojave desert area, north of El Mirage Airfield, in Southern California. The aircraft flew on a daylight test mission. It took off from the Gray Butte Airfield located about 5 miles east of El Mirage. Both airfields are about midway between Palmdale and Victorville and are about 15 miles south of Edwards AFB. The cause of the accident will be investigated by an Air Force investigation board. Drone Flies Blind Near D.C. Navy loses control of UAV for 20 minutes August 26, 2010 The Navy says a software issue caused it to lose contact with one of its MQ-8B Fire Scout UAV helicopters for about 20 minutes during the afternoon of August 2, 2010, allowing the pilot-less drone aircraft to fly itself 23 miles into the restricted airspace surrounding Washington, D.C., according to a story first reported by The New York Times this week. BREAKING NEWS: Second UAV crashes at Holloman Full story: Alamogordo Daily News An unmanned MQ-9 Reaper crashed on landing at the base at approximately 5:35 p.m. Wednesday, according to a news release issued Wednesday night by 49th Wing Public Affairs Office. 45

45 When is a UAS crash not a crash? Predator accident rate of 7 per 100K hours actually less than F-16 Rest of manned DOD is 2 and GA is 12 46

46 NPRM suas 14 CFR Part 107 Released February 23 on 60 days for comments : 90 if warranted: Closing April months for final rule 47

47 NPRM OPS < 55#; Max speed 100mph (87 knots) VLOS and daylight only; 1 at a time Not over persons but VO not required FPV cannot satisfy see and avoid Max alt: 500 AGL : No ops > 18K (Class A); others by permission Min wx: 3 miles visibility Requires preflight inspection Propose Class G ops over people with microuas (< 4.4#) Certification Pilots become operators and obtain certificate with small UAS rating Pass initial aero test every 24 mos & be vetted by TSA At least 17 years old Make a/c available for inspection Report accidents within 10 days if injury or damage 48

48 NPRM Aircraft Registration required No airworthiness cert required Markings required Models N/A to models that satisfy Section 336 in FMRA Rule would codify FAA authority by prohibiting operators from endangering safety of the NAS (careless and reckless) 49

49 Analysis by Einstein 50

50 UAS Resources FAA UAS Website: FAA Inspectors: N Volume 16 FAA C&E: Order Air Traffic Order: JO (ATO) Section 333: PTRS 51

51 Questions? Mike Wilson UAS Program Manager Southern Region, ASO