Role and Benefits of Vertical Gardens in Sustainable Tourism: Antalya Case

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1 Role and Benefits of Vertical Gardens in Sustainable Tourism: Antalya Case Res. Asst. Đdil KANTER OTÇU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zuhal KAYNAKÇI ELĐNÇ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIVING WALLS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

2 CONTEXT Introduction Tourism and Environmental Interaction Sustainable Tourism and Vertical Gardens Assessment of The Tourism of Antalya Conclusion and Suggestions

3 1. Introduction Touristic cities which are very rich on natural and cultural resources, only visited by many people for a short time for the holidays, also seen a rapid increase in the tourism structure parallel with the increasing number of tourists.

4 ANTALYA - TÜRKĐYE Especially coastal cities are often preferred by tourists because of their amenities such as sea-sand-sun. In these areas, the increasing number of tourists which increase tourism pressure, is caused structuring of shore and destruction of natural areas. The most striking example of this case in Turkey is Antalya.

5 Especially in Antalya, tourism structures which are extremely luxurious, are developed with focused customer satisfaction and served with these principles.

6 The tourism of Antalya is shaped with four important natural and cultural factor which are warm Mediterranean climate, marine, the coastal, historical heritage. However, it is under intensive tourists pressure because of the possibilities of «sea, sand, sun». So, tourism is developing day by day and has become the ideal sector for the investment in Antalya.

7 ANTALYA - ALANYA Alan Xafira Deluxe Resort & Spa Hedef Rose Garden Hotel Primasol Telatiye Resort Hotel Club Hotel Anjeliq

8 ANTALYA - KEMER Larissa Vista Hotel Karmir Resort & Spa Armas Beach Hotel Queen Elizabeth Spa Hotel

9 ANTALYA - SERĐK Cyrstal Waterworld Resort & Spa Alanya Famous Resort Hotel Titanic Deluxe Belek Dionis Hotels Resort & Spa

10 ANTALYA - MANAVGAT Horus Paradise Luxury Resort Side Star Resort Club Magic Life Jacaranda Imperial Sunis Evren Beach Resort Hotel

11 2. Tourism and Environmental Interaction The development of tourism and intensive use by tourists in a specific place, have negative effects on the natural enviroment. These effects are creating environmental pressures in the touristic cities and gradually it leads to less preferred.

12 With increased ecological awareness in recent years, the adverse effects on the environment of the tourism sector has become a subject that tourists interested. In the face of the new generation of environmentally sensitive tourist profile, tourism companies are implementing an environmental friendly development strategy. In addition to the services which their provide.

13 2.1 Negative impacts of Tourism on Environmental Values Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as: Water pollution Air pollution Noise pollution Visual pollution Overcrowded and congestion Field use problems Deterioration of the ecological balance Extreme use of resources (Kahraman and Turkay, 2012).

14 3. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND VERTICAL GARDENS The incidence of the negative effects of tourism on the environment varies according to the different characteristics of tourism activities and different ecosystems. The success of a project in the tourism sector, is proportional to the originality and quality of the man-made landscape design as much as the natural and cultural landscape features of the place where the tourism investment to be made. In this study, the role of vertical garden as an living design, that supports the ecosystem in the settlement process were discussed.

15 In recent years, tourism companies are adopting sustainable tourism approach to minimize the negative environmental impact of the sector and ensure the efficient use of natural resources. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

16 3.1 Sustainable Tourism Policy and Planning Tourism, when it is well managed and properly located, should be recognized as a positive activity which has potential to benefit the host community, the local environment itself and the visitor alike. Sustainable tourism requires a balance to be struck between the needs of the visitor, the place and the host community (Europa, 2015). Sustainable tourism is based on the principles of sustainable development. It is proposed as a way minimising adverse impacts on local communities, our built heritage, landscapes, water resources, habitats and species while supporting social and economic prosperity (Department of the Environment - Heritage and Local Government, 1997).

17 4. Importance Of Vertical Garden Under The Scope Of Sustainable Tourism Edgware Road Tube Station, London (UK)

18 4.1 Increase the biodiversity Sustainable tourism entails increased provision of biodiversity and ecological sustainability. In this context, as a priority, to protect the amount of existing green space and urban green system, is the way of solution of many ecological problems. (Demir and Cevirgen, 2006). Vertical garden, helps to re-create the ecological balance which was deteriorated because of the intense structuring. Especially, preferred flowering plants provides biodiversity pulling on bees and butterflies. New Street Square, Holborn (UK)

19 4.2 Increase the use of natural vegetation The rehabilitation of the plant species that existed naturally in the region and promote by using in landscape design are the approaches of sustainable tourism. With the use of the plants existed naturally, vertical gardens provide that widespread use of these species and helps to feature the region's ecological characteristics. Further, to exhibit the decreasing endemic species in the vertical garden, is important in terms of providing a better recognition of the place.

20 4.3 Energy efficiency Within the scope of sustainable tourism, ecological and economic sustainability should be targeted with resource management and effective usage (Demir and Cevirgen, 2006). Living walls are important from the point of provide a natural environment for the structure and contribute to the economy by energy saving. Also, living walls which is forming a moderate micro-climate by air moistening, has more practical application from the thermal cladding application.

21 4.4 Acquire rainwater into the ecological cycle The tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water for tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water. Methods to reduce these problems should be created for sustainable tourism. Vertical garden provides benefits to the ecological cycle by absorbing rainwater which is unable to meet the soil because of concrete and asphalt surfaces of the city. Vertical gardens help to reduce flooding by cutting the speed of rain in heavy rains. Vertical garden decreases the amount of chemicals and pollutants reaching the sea and rivers, by filtering out the contamination in the water.

22 4.5 Decrease the air pollution Intensive tourism activities and tourisim infrastructure development, increase the air pollution in the region. The basis of sustainable tourism is aimed to reduce air pollution by increasing the amount of green space. Vertical gardens contribute to the occurrence a healthier environment by absorbing airborne dust and harmful substances with the help of herbal elements. Thanks to the cover crops on vertical gardens, contribute to the formation process of the fresh air that we need for life by turning carbon dioxide into oxygen.

23 4.6 Decrease the noise pollution Noise pollution is a major environmental problem in tourist town where circulation is intense. Within the scope of sustainable tourism, minimize the environmental problems of the settlement process has came to the fore. Vertical gardens help to less transport the sound of city traffic and noise to the interior by covering the façade completely. Vertical gardens can be used on the highway roadsides or the other outdoor walls as a noise screen. Urbanarbolismo, Ibiza

24 4.7 Minimize the impacts of external climate on facades The basis of sustainable tourism, durable and ecological materials should be preferred. Minimizing the structural maintenance and repair to avoid physical and chemical contamination is one of the sustainable tourism approach. Facade surfaces are areas that the first impact of the building's exterior climatic conditions. Therefore, most surface are affected by the climatological changes. Vertical gardens, ensuring minimal impact from external climatic conditions of the building facade, is hampering the tear. Akasya Houses, Istanbul

25 4.8 Hide the unsightly appearance of buildings Visual pollution is one of the most important factors hindering the development of tourism. It is aimed at minimizing the poor Outlook of the city because of the intense structure with the scope of sustainable tourism. Vertical gardens decrease the image consisting of intense structuring contamination result in tourist town. In this way, the ugly appearance of building gives up to live and an aesthetic appearance. Padrinos Restaurant Mexico City

26 4.9 Help to gain green buildings certificated The context of sustainable tourism, it is necessary to create environment-friendly facilities. For this purpose, operators aim to take international green building assessment certificates such as 'LEED, BREEAM, by fulfilling the necessary conditions. One of these conditions is to increase the amount of green space around the facility. In the structural scale, vertical gardens help creating green areas on the built s façades without loss of place. In this respect, the designers have discovered that the vertical garden has an important role in green building certification system.

27 4.10 Increase the ecological awareness Vertical gardens have became a popular method amoung companies to reduce the effects of environmental problems and promote ecological awareness. By this purpose, it is possible to create new vertical gardens on hotels and holiday resort buildings in the context of sustainable tourism.

28 5. General Assessment for Antalya Tourism In our country, with fastest growing of the tourism and hospitality, Antalya is the capital of the tourism (Mediterranean Union of Touristic Hoteliers and Operators, 2014). In this respect, Antalya is a tourist town which in experiencing the noise and air pollution with tourist circulation and increased each year hotel construction (Özkan, 2015).

29 In addition to accommodation buildings which is created by the result of the destruction of the natural areas, urbanization is the other problem of Antalya city because of the migration. In that case, it is observed that the formation of urban heat island increasing rapidly in Antalya. Antalya Metropolitan Municipality is conducting various studies in order to minimize these problems in Antalya which is already in a warm climate. To increase the amount of urban green space and maintain the current system is the main things. In this case, to provide an aesthetic appearance as well as to contribute to urban ecology, vertical gardens are created on some structures such as shopping centers and accommodation buildings.

30 There are examples of applied vertical gardens in Antalya, mediterranean temperate climate dominated city. Vertical gardens in Antalya, remains extremely healthy and vitality seamlessly for 4 years plants (1 m2 to 21 species) have ERASTA SHOPPING MALL been used on the façade of Erasta Shopping Malls (350 m2).

31 Eight different plant species have been used on the façade which is covering an area of 461 m2 in total. SENTIDO Zeynep Golf & Spa Hotel Antalya - Türkiye

32 5. Conclusion and Suggestion Although the economic, social and cultural benefits, in case of the tourism sector can not be controlled well. Excessive use of natural resources and the wrong place selections may cause damage on natural areas, historical values and socio-cultural structure. Indeed, with the growing tourism industry in our country, natural habitats give their place to modern holiday resorts and tourist facilities. User pressure on the mediterranean coast had trebled, a large proportion of coast was altered by human intervention in last 30 years. On the other hand, when considering the contribution to the national economy, if not possible to dispense entirely from mass tourism, to minimize the environmental impact of tourism and for facilities which will be designed, environmental sensitivity for natural, social and physical aspects is very important issue (Đnam, 2009).

33 Facility Type / Class There are 725 accommodations or hotel structure in the city of Antalya. In Antalya, almost the entire coastline which is structured, for the recovery of green areas which was destroyed because of the tourism buildings. If planting 20m2 areas on each of one façade of these structures is compulsory by a regulation, m2 green areas will be created in Antalya City. Number of Facilities 1st Class Resort 5 Star Resort 4 Star Resort 5-Star Hotel 4-Star Hotel 3-Star Hotel 2-Star Hotel 1-Star Hotel Motel Hostel Camping This framework proposal which will determine Extended Stay Hotel ecological health, economic development and the Detached Aparthotel future of tourism in Antalya, was presented to the Wellness Facility Golf Facility Antalya Metropolitan Municipality and is planned to Private Accommodation Facility be implemented. Boutique Hotel Tourism Complex CERTIFICATE OF CULTURE AND TOURISM MINISTRY OF FACILITIES Personel Training Facility DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT BY TYPE AND CLASS, 2012 TOTAL

34 REFERENCES Department of the Environment - Heritage and Local Government, Sustainable Development: A Strategy for Ireland, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, p , Dublin. Antalya Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate, 2012, Certificate Of Culture And Tourism Ministry Of Facilities Distribution Statement By Type And Class, , Antalya. AKTOB, AKTOB (Mediterranean Union of Touristic Hoteliers and Operators) Araştırma Birimi Yayınları, Web Site: Access Date: , p Europa, Environmental Action Plan , Web Site: Access Date: , p Anonymous, Web Site: Access Date: Bramwell, B., Henry, I., Jackson, G., Prat, A. G., Richards, G. And Straaten J. V., Sustainable Tıurism Management: Principles and Ptactices, Tilburg University Press, The Netherlands, p. 36, Inam, E. A., Sürdürülebilir Turizm Gelişiminden Uzaklaşan Bir Bölge: BELEK TURĐZM MERKEZĐ, PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, Yıldız Technical University. Demir, C. And Cevirgen A., Turizm ve Çevre Yönetimi Sürdürülebilir Gelişme Yaklaşımı, ISBN: , p Kahraman, N. and Türkay O., Turizm ve Çevre, Detay yayıncılık, ISBN: , p Kınacı, B., Pehlivan, N. A. and Seyhan G., Turizm ve Çevre ( Çevre Koruma), Pegem Yayıncılık, ISBN: Sayan, M. S., Antalya Kıyılarındaki Turistik Tesislerile Çevre Arasındaki Đlişkilerin Peyzaj mimarlığı Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi, Anatolia: Turizm Rresearch Journal, p 14-20, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University. Ozkan, E., Web Site: Access Date:

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