all about Crete island Rethymnon Villages Beaches History Sightseeing

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1 all about Crete island Rethymnon Villages Beaches History Sightseeing

2 Rethymnon Prefecture...4 The City of Rethymnon...5 Rethymnon Beach...9 The village and beach of Platanias...9 The beach of Perivolia...9 The beach of Koubes The beach of Missiria The village and beach of Platanes The beach of Geropotamos The village and beach of Panormos The village and beach of Bali The village of Adele The village of Agia Triada The village of Prasses The village of Arkadi The village of Anogia The beach of Gerani The beach of Episkopi The beach of Kavros The village of Argiroupoli The village and beach of Agia Galini Aghia Galini (past the river) The beach of Agios Georgios The beach of Agios Pavlos Aghios Pavlos (westwards) The beach of Triopetra The beach of Akoumia The beach of Ligres The beach of Kerames The beach of Drimiskianos The lagoon of Preveli The beach of Sxinaria The beach of Ammoudi Micro (little) Ammoudi The beach of Damnoni The village and beach of Plakias The village of Mirthios The beach of Souda The beach of Korakas The beach of Rodakino Scenic Routes Rethymnon - Ancient Eleftherna - Margarites - Rethymnon Rethymnon - Aghia Irini Monastery - Roussospiti - Chromonastiri - Myli - Rethymnon Rethymnon - Potami - Patsos - Syvritos - Assomatos Monastery - Spilio - Rethymnon Rethymnon - Agia Galini Rethymnon - Rodakino - Korakas beach Rethymnon - Anogia via the Old National Road Rethymnon - Bali via the National Road Rethymnon - Argiroupoli Archaeological Sites Eleftherna

3 Apodoulou Late Minoan Cemetery at Armeni Axos Lappa Stavromenos Monastiraki Churches and Monasteries Agia Irini Monastery Halevi Monastery Vossakou Monastery Arsaniou Monastery Arkadi Monastery The Museum of the Monastery Bali or Atali Monastery Agia Sophia Monastery Preveli Monastery The Museum of Preveli Monastery Venetian Monuments The Fortezza The Fortress of Monopari Nature Natural Sightseeing Idaeon Antron Cave of Melidoni Cave of Gerani Cave of Sfendoni Cave of Agios Antonios Why Rethymnon Shopping - Local products

4 Rethymnon Prefecture TThe Prefecture of Rethymnon covers the central part of Crete; its extent is 1496 square kilometers, the coast line 200 kilometers approximately, and it counts circa permanent residents. It is divided in three provinces: Rethymnis, Aghiou Vasiliou and Mylopotamou. Rethymnon is the capital city of the prefecture. The major part of the prefecture s territory is mountainous, with the mountain Idi, or Psiloritis (meaning high mountain ) to be the highest mountain (2.456metres); at the rest there are small plains and valleys very fertile, and well watered, due to the various small rivers and brooks flowing through them, which, as occurs in Chania, do have enough water even in summer. The area has a magnificent natural environment; apart from the small rivers and brooks here and there, here too, there are lakes and lagoons, caves and rocks, as well as several gorges both at the North and at the South. The most famous area of natural beauty is the Preveli lagoon, at the South. Rethymnon is a place full of contrasts, with a long history going back to the Neolithic times, with nature left intact in many areas, with a vivid living tradition. The old town of Rethymnon with the Renaissance style centre, the Fortetza, the museums and the endless beach will certainly charm you. And what to recommend about the rest of the prefecture? The scenic villages, the caves, the beaches, or the mountains? And what to say about the people? They will be your friends; they will offer you a tsikoudia and may be they will receive you at their homes. As in the whole island, visiting the villages of the inland is a magic experience, both for the landscape and for their character: most of them are not affected by tourism, they maintain their traditional features in what concerns the architecture and their residents proudly maintain their traditional way of life. It is in those villages that the visitor can understand the special characteristics of the Cretan people, experience the hospitality and taste and smell the spirit of the area. Moreover, in the villages of the prefecture, the visitor can attend a wide range of cultural activities (as the Yakintheia in Anoghia), where tradition is blended with everyday life, forming the actual face of culture. Going from one village to another by car or motorbike is, in most cases, one of the attractions of the place. The secondary roads leading to them pass through sites extremely scenic and beautiful, and driving, or even walking there, is an unforgettable experience. Rethymnon prefecture has coasts at the North, in the Aegean Sea and at the South, in the Libyan Sea. Most of the beaches at the North and West are sandy, with no considerable protected bays. As a result, they are open to the northern winds and much affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds) during July and August. The southern coasts are open to the South, with no bays, apart from that of Plakias, relatively protected. Several of them sandy and some of them pebbly, the beaches have crystal clear blue water and very interesting seabed, ideal for snorkelling and underwater activities. Swimming starts earlier in the South, where the weather is a bit warmer. The territory of the prefecture is crossed, from West to East, by the last part of the European path E4, which passes through the whole of Europe and Greece and ends up at Crete; in the island the path starts from Kissamos (Kastelli) and ends up at Siteia in the Eastern part. Rethymnon is a wealthy place. Along with the traditional agricultural and cattle breeding activities, which used to be the main occupations of the locals in the past, tourism is today one of the main economic 4

5 resources. The area attracts a lot of visitors all year round, both Greeks, for business or vacation, and from abroad. The University is an additional factor of prosperity for the prefecture in general and the city of Rethymnon in particular. The history of the area starts as early as the Neolithic times. As excavations in various sites have shown it had flourished during the Minoan period, whereas during the Venetian domination of the island, it had played a very important role too. As it happens with the rest of the island, it had been the centre of numerous revolts during the Ottoman domination, as the independent character of Cretan people could not stand being under the yoke of any foreigner. During the World War II, following the tradition, the people had strongly resisted to the German occupation; it is characteristic that the village of Anoghia had been totally destroyed and all the male population was persecuted and, when found, executed by the Germans. The City of Rethymnon the city of Rethymnon The city of Rethymnon is situated at the Northern part of the island, almost at the middle of Crete and at the western part of the prefecture s territory; it is the capital city of the prefecture with approximately permanent residents and many students, as it is the seat of several faculties, mainly of Humanities, of the University of Crete. Rethymnon is a beautiful and very active city. Being the commercial and administrative center of the prefecture, it offers any kind of facilities that a visitor expects to find in a modern city: banks, travel agencies, rent a car facilities and any kind of stores, from food and clothes to house equipment and souvenirs, are available. In case of health problems there is also a hospital and, of course, many pharmacies for purchasing medical products and cosmetics. Rethymnon is one of the spots of attraction of tourists, both Greeks and from abroad, mainly thanks to its long sandy beach, which is extended to a length of approximately 13 kilometers. As a result, accommodation is plenty, within the city center, at the beach, in the suburbs or in short distance from the city. Many hotels, studios and rooms to let or even small apartments for longer rent are available and can satisfy any desire and any budget. As in every other place in Crete, food and drink is abundant in the city. Taverns, restaurants of various tastes, street food, cafes, pastry shops and bars can be found everywhere. The locals like good food and drink and enjoy very much eating and drinking with friends; they are open enough and don t get surprised if they offer you a drink after a short talk. That means that they like you. For more hot and intense amusement, a wide range of bars, clubs and discos are available, both with foreign and Greek music. Nightlife is interesting in Rethymnon and you can be sure that you will not be bored at all! A few cinemas, including the Cinema Club of the University, a theatre, art galleries, cultural centers and the University add up to the cultural life of the city, which also has a rich activity in cultural events organised by the Municipality or by private organizations all year round. As it happens with Chania and Heraklion, Rethymnon too has a lot of things worth seeing. Here too, one finds this peculiar and very interesting mixture of cultures: Byzantine remains stand side by side with 5

6 Venetian constructions and Ottoman buildings. The old city stands almost intact; many buildings have been restored to cover modern needs and host actual activities. Rethymnon is a living Museum of Medieval and Modern times, where the visitor can come across and feel the history of some 800 years. Many important monuments of the city are owed to the Venetians: the VVenetian Harbour, with the lighthouse at the end of the water break, a construction of the 16th century, the impressive Fortetza, the fortress built to protect the city, which, however, never had been transferred there, the Porta Guora, one of the gates of the earlier Venetian fortifications, the Loggia, an impressive square building, where the nobility of the city and the Venetian governors were assembled to discuss administrative and political topics, the Rimonti fountain, the church of Aghios Frangiskos (St. Francis), which used to be the church of the Franciscan monks Monastery, the Augustinian church dedicated to Holy Virgin, transformed by the Ottomans to the mosque of Neratze, the church of the Lady of Angels, the Mikri Panaghia (meaning little Virgin in Greek) as the locals call it, and the Venetian vaulted buildings. Apart from those monuments, the Venetian period of the city is present in the interesting decorated doorframes of various private houses in the old town of Rethymnon and in some villages around. The Ottoman domination is also present with the Hamam, built in the 17th century, the mosque of Neratze with its impressive minaret, actually the Odeon, the mosque of Cara Moussa Pasha, the mosque of Veli Pasha, the Ottoman school, today housing one of the elementary schools of the city. It is also worth seeing the Municipal Park and the Municipal Library, the Seat of the Prefecture of Rethymnon, a neo-classic building, the Cathedral, a basilica dedicated to the Presentation of Virgin Mary and the Old Municipal Hospital. Don t miss to stroll around with the little wheel-driven train, one of the attractions of the city. The city has six Museums: The Archaeological Museum of Rethymnon is lodged in the pentagonal building just in front of the central gate of the Fortetza (eastern gate). The building had been constructed by the Ottomans to protect the entrance of the fort. The exhibits come from various areas all over the prefecture and represent all the prehistoric and historic periods. The Late Neolithic ( b.c.) and Early Minoan ( b.c.) pottery, tools and statuettes, among them a violin-shaped marble figurine, have been found mainly in the caves of Melidoni and Gerani; the Middle Minoan ( b.c.) finds come from the building complexes of Apodoulou and Monastiraki sites, as well as from the peak sanctuary at Vryssinas; what is most interesting is the great number of seal stones and the clay model of a shrine, preserved only in its upper part. The Late Minoan ( b.c.) period is represented by various finds, mainly from the cemeteries of the area, with most important this of Armeni; an impressive serrated helmet and a clay figurine of the well known goddess with upraised hands, along with weapons, jewels, tools and abundant pottery are some of the most important exhibits. One can also see finds of the Geometric ( b.c.), Archaic ( b.c.) and Classical ( b.c.) periods, from the sites of Eleutherna, Axos, Stavromenos and Argyroupolis, the most interesting being the funerary steles. Finally, from the Hellenistic and Roman periods it is worth seeing the marble statue of Aphrodite (Venus), a Roman copy of the Greek original, as well as the glass vessels very common during the Roman period. The Museum also houses a good collection of coins of various periods. The Historical and Folk Art Museum is lodged in a restored Venetian building, an excellent sample of the urban dwelling of the period, dated back to the 17th century, listed by the Ministry of Culture as a historic monument with conservation status; apart from the collections it houses, the building itself is worth seeing. There are exhibited costumes, hand woven textiles, tools for weaving, embroideries and laces, traditional pottery and its tools, and metal work. The whole traditional process of making bread, one of the characteristic activities in Rethymnon, from harvesting the grain to baking the bread, is also presented, 6

7 along with some traditional professions, as that of the saddler, the coppersmith, the farmer and the cutler. There is also a good collection of historical documents photographs and maps. Educational programs and various editions of the Museum are also available for the visitors. The Museum of Sea Life: In this Museum the visitor can find a good representation of fauna and flora of the sea, mainly mollusks, fish and sponges. There are also some fossils. The Museum is lodged in an abbey within the old town recently restored, and the collection is one of the most important in Rethymnon. The Municipal Gallery L. Kanakakis is housed in a Venetian building, within the old city, just below the Fortetza. In the gallery there is a permanent exhibition of the work of L. Kanakakis, but also of many other contemporary Greek artists since Actually, the Gallery, incorporated in the National Cultural Network since 1995, is part of the Center of Contemporary Art, which has influenced and orientated the activities of the Gallery. As a result, the Gallery and the Center- organize a broad range of activities concerning Modern Art both in Greece and abroad almost all year round. Thus, apart from exhibitions, there are lectures, seminars, editions and educational material. The Frantzeskakis Collection: The collection of Eleni Frantzeskaki contains traditional embroidery, needlework, lacework and woven textiles. It is housed in a building just opposite the Municipal Gallery. The Church Museum contains a collection of ecclesiastical items, such as icons, bells, utensils used in the mass. One of the most interesting exhibits is the clock of the bell-tower, which was working from 1894 up to The Museum is housed in the Office of the Metropolis (Cathedral). Several cultural activities are organized throughout the year in the city. Many of them have a rather long history and they get better from one year to another. The Renaissance spirit of the city of Rethymnon has inspired and initiated the Renaissance Festival, taking place every year from July to September, since 1987 and aiming at presenting the Art and Letters of Renaissance both of Crete and of Europe. During this period of time there have been performed a lot of theatrical plays, from the masters of the Cretan theatre of the 17th century, to Shakespeare, Moliere and Goldoni. Medieval, Renaissance but also modern music concerts, peinting exhibitions, seminars, conferences, and cinema are some other activities taking place during the Festival. It is also interesting that scenes from the Commedia del Arte have been presented in the streets of the old town. Almost all the activities are carried out in the theatre Erofili, within the Fortetza. Two weeks before the Carnival, in February or in March it is organised the game of the Treasure Hunt. It is a very popular game to which locals take part with enthusiasm. The game lasts one day and it is a hard test of the body and brain abilities, as it has reached such a high level of toughness, that it is almost impossible for any uninitiated person to participate. The game is a very good source of knowledge of the history, the spirit of the various historic periods and monuments of the town; thus, if you are around when it takes place, try to watch one of the groups when in action. The Treasure Hunt game is a game for adults; however, one week earlier, it is also organised the Children s Treasure Hunt, a great chance for children to combine fun with knowledge and exercise. As the game has been pretty famous and is one of the attractions of the city, the Association of Hotel Owners, in co-operation with the Municipality have decided to organise another Treasure Hunt, this time in summer for the visitors of the city. The activity is carried out within the framework of the Day of Tourism. The winners of this game are awarded a package of holidays in Rethymnon, all included. 7

8 Carnival is celebrated in Rethymnon with a wide range of original events, which combine tradition with imagination and fun. The Carnival of Rethymnon is the greatest on the island and one of the most important in Greece; the parade of masqueraded groups following the King of Carnival date back to the first decade of the 20th century. Since 1959 the parade is organised every year and year after year new events are added up. The events start some ten days before Shrove Monday, with the open-air party on the Pancake day, which take place at the Platano Square and at the church of Mikri Panaghia; live music, wine and titbits and a big crowd of people having fun, dancing and singing make this event an attraction worth attending. One week before the official parade of the groups, a party is organised for the participants, who not only attend it dressed up with costumes, but they also prepare and perform funny sketches. As expected, wine, food, music, dancing and fun are abundant. The parade takes place on Sunday before the Shrove Monday and the spectacle is really worth seeing. Shrove Monday is dedicated to tradition: old customs revive, mainly in the near by villages as Melidoni and Meronas and if you are around you can attend the kidnapping of the bride» or the Kandis. But watch out! One of the most popular customs is the smudging of faces! If you are in Rethymnon in mid-july don t miss the Cretan Wine Festival organised by the Touring Club of Rethymnon in the Municipal Park. During the event the wine producers present their products; wine is free and the visitors can taste almost all varieties of the Cretan wine. But, as wine without music, dance and fun is incompatible to the Cretan psychology, the event is enriched with folklore music from Crete, but also from the rest of Greece. A series of cultural activities in the memory of the Sacrifice of Arkadi take place on the 8th of November. A series of cultural activities take place in summer during the Nautical week. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place on the 23rd of June in honor of St. John (Klidonas). Access to the city (and all the prefecture) is possible by ferryboat from Piraeus; there is one ship from Piraeus to the port of Rethymnon, all year round. In summer there might be some more. The ships usually sail in the afternoon or in the evening and, depending on their speed, they arrive at Rethymnon after 6 to 10 hours. Access by ship is also possible from Thessaloniki, by bus or plane to Piraeus and then by ferryboat. Rethymnon does not have an airport; visitors preferring airplane should catch a flight to Chania or Heraklion. From the International airport of Athens, Eleftherios Venizelos, there are usually two flights daily to Chania and to Heraklion; one early in the morning and the other in the afternoon or evening. In summer there may be more. The airport of Chania is at Akrotiri, some 15 kilometers far from the city; from the airport you will arrive to Rethymnon by the Olympic Airways buses, by public bus or even by taxi (50 kilometers approximately). The airport of Heraklion is 5 kilometers at the East of the city; from the airport the passengers are transferred to Rethymnon by the Olympic Airways buses. You may also use the public bus or even a taxi (60 kilometers approximately). Access by plane is also possible from Thessaloniki (click here to view hotels in Rethymnon City by Greekislands.com). 8

9 Rethymnon Beach Situated in front of the city of Rethymnon, it is a long sandy beach, extended at a length of approximately 12 kilometers at the West. Within the city and its suburbs, it is very crowded in summer, but going westwards you can find parts with less people. As it is open to the North, it is affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). Very well organised, it offers abundant accommodation facilities, of any kind and for all budgets, taverns, restaurants and cafes at the sea front and facilities of swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports. If you like diving, a diving centre and facilities as diving excursions and diving lessons are available. Access from Rethymnon is possible on foot, by public bus, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike. The village and beach of Platanias the village and beach of Platanias Very close to Rethymnon, Platanias is in fact a suburb of the city and a tourist resort, only a few minutes far from the city center. The most important attraction of the place is the long sandy beach. Accommodation in hotels and rooms to let is available. For food and drink you can visit the taverns of the area, or pop to Rethymnon. Platanias beach is open to the North, it is affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). Due to the length of the beach it is quite popular, both to tourists and to the locals. Well organised, it offers accommodation in hotels and rooms to let and food and drink in the taverns of the area, or in Rethymnon. Facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) are also available. Access from Rethymno is possible by public bus, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike. The beach of Perivolia the beach of Perivolia Situated 2 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East, the beach of Perivolia is in fact part of the long sandy beach of Rethymnon. Being open to the North it is affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). It is a very well organised beach, with several hotels in front of the beach and other kinds of accommodation. Food and drink alternatives are abundant, as well as nightlife in the bars of the area. There are also facilities for swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports. 9

10 Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike; walking from the city center is also a good way to reach the beach. The beach of Koubes the beach of Koubes At a distance of some 2 3 kilometers from the center of Rethymnon it is found the sandy beach of Koubes, awarded by the blue flag. Open to the North, the beach is affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). Well organised, it offers accommodation facilities, food and drink, as well as facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and some sea sports. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike, but also on foot (some 20 minutes walk). The beach of Missiria the beach of Missiria Situated 3 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East, Missiria is mostly a tourist settlement with few permanent residents. Being close to the sea it has a beautiful long sandy beach. Accommodation in hotels and rooms to let is available and food and drink can be found in the taverns and cafes of the area. The beach of Missiria is a beautiful long sandy beach, affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). It is rather well organised with accommodation facilities, taverns and cafes. Some facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) are also available. It is easily accessible by public bus and taxi from Rethymnon, as well as by rented and private car and motorbike. The village and beach of Platanes the village and beach of Platanes Platanes is situated 4 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East. Close to the sea, it has a beautiful sandy beach. Accommodation is available in hotels and rooms to let; several taverns offer local food and drink; there are also a few stores and mini markets. 10

11 The beach of Platanes is a beautiful sandy beach, open to the North, so it is affected by the meltemia. Well organised, it offers accommodation facilities in hotels and rooms to let; several taverns offer local food and drink; facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) are also available. Access from Rethymnon is easy by public bus, with regular and frequent service, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike. The beach of Geropotamos the beach of Geropotamos The beach of Geropotamos is found some 20 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East, just off the National Road to Heraklion, beneath the Geropotamos Bridge. It is a sandy and partly pebbly beach, open to the North and affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). Less organised, it offers some accommodation facilities in hotels and taverns for food and drink. Facilities for swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports are also available. Access from Rethymnon is very easy by public bus, with frequent service, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike. The village and beach of Panormos the village and beach of Panormos Situated 22 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the East, Panormos is a beautiful picturesque village by the sea, with approximately 900 permanent residents. The village is built at the place of the homonymous ancient town. It is worth seeing the Basilica of Aghia Sophia, dating back to the Early Christian period (5th century), brought to light by excavations carried out in It is the bigger church of the period in Crete. An interesting Byzantine church, dedicated to Zoodochos Pigi ( the Source of Life ) is found in the village of Prinos, some 12 kilometers at the West. The church has interesting paintings of the 13th century, and it is built in a marvelous environment within a ravine. At the same area you may visit the Monument in honor of the Deads of the World War II. If you are an enthusiast of natural beauty, don t miss to visit the mouth of the river Geropotamos and the scenic beach, just on the junction with the National Road. You may also visit the cape Chondrocavos at the Northeast of the village; you will see the lighthouse and enjoy an excellent view of the area. Once at Panormos, it is worth visiting the picturesque villages of Skepasti, some 5 kilometers and Exantis some 11 kilometers far from Panormos at the East. 11

12 Some events and happenings take place during the Carnival in February and March. A series of cultural activities take place in summer. Three local feasts ( panighyri ) take place in the village: on the Ascension Day, on the 24th of August, in honor of St. John, and on the 6th of December in honor of Aghios Nicolaos. Accommodation of any kind and for all budgets is plenty; you will find hotels, studios and rooms to let. Food and drink is available in the restaurants and taverns of the village and the broader area. Swimming and sea sport activities are possible at the beaches of the village. The beach of Panormos is a sandy beach, affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). Well organised, it offers accommodation facilities and food and drink in the sea front taverns and the taverns and cafes of the village. Some swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sport facilities are also available. Apart from the main beach in front of the village, those who like calmness can find at the West a few coves, with pebbles, less crowded and not much organised. The coves are accessible via the dirt track leading to the West. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, with regular service, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike The village and beach of Bali the village and beach of Bali 32 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East, one kilometer off the National Road to Heraklion, within a small cove with several beaches and a fascinating environment, it is found Bali a tourist resort with approximately 350 permanent residents. It is worth visiting the Atali Monastery (or Bali Monastery), some 5 kilometers far from Bali at the South; the view from here is magnificent. It is dedicated to Aghios Ioannis (St. John) and dates back to the 17th century. It is also worth seeing the church of Panaghia Charakiani, at the eastern end of the cove. If you drive eastwards, don t miss to stop at the scenic village of Sisses, on the National Road to Heraklion, at a distance of 13 kilometers far from Bali. Three local feasts ( panighyri ) take place at the area; one on the feast of Holy Trinity in June, the other on the 15th of August at the church of Panaghia Charakiani and the third at the Atali Monastery in honor of St. John, on August 29th. Accommodation is plenty at Bali: several hotels of all categories, studios, apartments and rooms to let are available. At the taverns and restaurants around you will find delicious food. 12

13 The beach is well organised, close enough to Rethymnon, and offers good accommodation facilities. Food and drink are available at the sea front taverns and bars; the visitor can also find facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports. Access from Rethymnon is easy enough, as public buses run very frequently; taxi is a good alternative and you can always use a rented or private car and motorbike. The village of Adele the village of Adele At a distance of 9 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the East, Adele is an inland village with 435 permanent residents, situated in a plain rich in olive trees and other fruit bearing trees. It is worth seeing the church of St Panteleimonas and the house of Constantinos Ghiamboudakis, the Cretan hero who blasted the powder keg at Arkadi during the revolt of 1866, so that the Ottomans would not capture the people who had found refuge there. The monastery of Aghios Arsanios, dating back to the 16th century is found near the village Pangalochori, some 5 kilometers at the East of Adele, close to the National Road leading to Heraklion. The Monastery is celebrated in the name of Aghios Georghios (St. George) and it is worth visiting it for the original wood carved icon screen and the wall paintings of the Catholicon. The Monastery has also a Conference Centre for seminars, speeches and conferences, and a Museum. If you like scenic villages it is worth driving to the traditional village Maroulas, 2 kilometers at the Southwest. The village has an impressive tower and the houses maintain their interesting traditional architecture. Some 6 kilometers at the Northeast, just on the National Road to Heraklion it is found the tourist settlement of Stauromenos, with a monument in honor of the Greek and Australian soldiers and officers who lost their lives in the area during the World War II. At Stavromenos you may also visit the archaeological site. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place on 27th of July, in honor of Aghios Panteleimon Accommodation of any kind and for all budgets is plenty, both in the village and at the beach, which is less than 2 kilometers far from it. There are also many alternatives for food and drink and nightlife and amusement. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, with regular service, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike The village of Agia Triada the village of Agia Triada At a distance of 10 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the East, Aghia Triada is an inland village with few permanent residents, 7 kilometers far from the summer resort of Platanes. 13

14 The village is situated in an area full of olive trees, vineyards and vegetable gardens. As it is flat, it is ideal for bicycle rides and for walking. Small gorges and hills are found all around, easy to hike and climb. Accommodation in a few hotels and rooms to let is available in the village; you will also find good food and drink in some small taverns and traditional cafes. Access from Rethymnon is possible mainly by taxi and rented or private car and motorbike; public bus is an alternative, but it is advised to get information in Rethymnon before planning your journey. The village of Prasses the village of Prasses Situated 12 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southeast, Prasses is a small inland village with 115 permanent residents. Around the village there are several things worth seeing. The homonymous gorge is near by, its entrance is found at the South of the village and the visitor will spend some 3-4 hours to hike it. The environment is marvelous, with the impressive gorge forming high walls. Some places of the route present difficulties. However, this rather small gorge is fascinating, worth hiking if you like this kind of activities. It is also worth seeing the fort of Koules, close to the dam of the rivers and the Sima bridge. It is worth driving 10 kilometers at the Southwest of Prasses to the village Goudeliana, a small semimountainous village built at a height of 500 meters, on the slopes of Vrysinas, in wooded environment. At the South of the village is believed that was situated the ancient city of Osmis or Falanna, which flourished up to the Early Christian period, as it is shown by the ruins of the three-aisle basilica dating back to the 6th century. Accommodation and food and drink are very few in Prasses. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, with few services, taxi and best of all with rented or private car and motorbike. The village of Arkadi the village of Arkadi Situated 23 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southeast, Arkadi is a historical village with few permanent residents. 14

15 The village owes its fame to the Holy Monastery of Arkadi, one of the most important historic monuments of Crete, an eternal symbol of sacrifice for freedom, as it is here that Constantinos Ghiamboudakis, the Cretan hero, blasted the powder-keg during the revolt of 1866, so that the Ottomans would not capture the people who had found refuge there. The Monastery is found at the Northwest side of Psiloritis, at a height of some 500 meters and it is dedicated to Aghios Constantinos and to Jesus Christ s Transfiguration. Whatever route you choose to arrive there, you will pass from places both with natural beauty and with historic importance. It is worth seeing the Museum of the Monastery where it is displayed the Banner of the Revolution of 1866, as well as religious artifacts, sacerdotal vestments trimmed with gold, weapons and other souvenirs. Very close to the Monastery you will find the entrance of the small gorge of Arkadi. The route within the gorge is fascinating and it leads to the small village Pikris, where you will find interesting Venetian architecture. A series of cultural activities in the memory of the Sacrifice of Arkadi take place on the 8th of November. Accommodation is not available at the area, as it is more a monumental place than a real village. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, with regular service, tourist buses, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike. The village of Anogia the village of Anogia Situated 55 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southeast, Anoghia is a big village with approximately 2500 permanent residents, built at a height of 700 meters on the mountain Idi or Psiloritis. It is considered as one of the most scenic and active villages of the Prefecture and of the whole of Crete, keeping many of its traditional features, rich in culture and with a great past and present- in genius singers and musicians based on the traditional music such as Nikos Xylouris, his brother Psarantonis and Loudovikos of Anoghia. The village has also a great tradition of resistance against the dominants of the area, as it occurs with many other villages on the island. Anoghia had participated to all the revolts against the Ottomans and, following their independent spirit, also resisted strongly to the German occupation during the World War II, which resulted to a total destruction of the village and an order of the Germans to seize and execute every male of Anoghia who could carry a gun. There are many things to see when in the village and the area. Those who like Nature will find a paradise here; the Nida plateau is found some 25 kilometers far from Anoghia at the South. The place is worth visiting in every season both for the famous Idaion Antron (meaning the Cave of Idi ), a cave with very important archaeological finds and its wild nature, and for the ski resort available in winter and early spring. Once in the area it is also worth visiting the Observatory situated at a height of 1750 meters, at the East of the plateau. 15

16 Don t miss to visit the holm - oak tree wood, found near the church of Aghios Yakinthos, the protector of the lovers; the church is situated at a distance of 18 kilometers far from Anoghia at the South (at the midway to the Nida plateau) and it is a beautiful dry stone building. Very close to Aghios Yakinthos, 16 kilometers far from Anoghia at the South, it is found the archaeological site of Zominthos, close to the homonymous settlement. Excavations there have brought to light the ruins of a Late Minoan settlement. One of the most interesting buildings of the area are the Mitata, dry stone vaulted constructions used by the stock farmers as provisional dwellings and as places of storage of the local cheese, left there to mature. Inspired by the local environment and the traditional architectural features, is the monument of the The winged Partisan of Peace, a dry stone construction very interesting and original. Within the village you may also see the statue of Manolis Skoulas, the Cretan hero of the revolution of The village has a museum dedicated to the local painter and sculptor Grylios, as well as a representation of the typical house of Anoghia and the everyday life in the early 20th century; there is also a manufacture of hand made glass, using the traditional technique of blowing and the open theatre Nikos Xylouris where several cultural events take place in summer. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place on the Ascension Day. A wide range of cultural activities take place in summer: during Yakintheia in early July and Anoghia in August, concerts of traditional and modern music, dance performances and theatrical plays are presented in the open theatre Nikos Xylouris. The events gain in fame year after year and many visitors both Greeks and from abroad arrive to the village to attend them. Accommodation in rooms to let is available in Anoghia; however, in summer and especially during the period of the cultural event it is better to check availability in advance. Food and drink is plenty and good, with delicious local meat and cheese and, of course, abundant tsikoudia. Access to Anoghia is possible by public bus running regularly from Rethymnon, but the best way to visit the area is by private or rented car and motorbikes. The beach of Gerani the beach of Gerani Situated 6 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the West, just off the National Road to Chania, Gerani is a quiet, pebbly beach, within a small cove, good for snorkeling; being at the northern coast, it is affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). Not much organised, it offers only food and drink in the tavern beneath the bridge of Gerani; apart from food, you will also enjoy the environment. Access from Rethymnon is very easy, by public bus, taxi or rented and private car and motorbike. 16

17 The beach of Episkopi the beach of Episkopi Situated 12 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the West, just off the National Road to Chania, Episkopi is a sandy beach at the northern coast, a few kilometers long, beautiful but affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). The beach is organised sectionally, with some beach cafes offering cold drinks and fast food and some facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas), but there are also parts without facilities at all, apart from the calmness and the crystal clear sea. If you like this kind of beach, go to the part that starts at Petres and ends up at the junction to the village of Episkopi. Access from Rethymnon is easy, as there is a good network of public buses; you can also use a taxi and, of course, rented or private car and motorbikes (click here to view hotels in Episkopi by Greekislands.com). The beach of Kavros the beach of Kavros Situated 16 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the West, just off the National Road to Chania, Kavros is a wonderful sandy beach at the northern coast, so it is affected by the meltemia (northern summer winds). The beach is less organised, offering some accommodation facilities and food and drink. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, taxi and rented or private car and motorbike. The village of Argiroupoli the village of Argiroupoli 21 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southwest, situated at a height more than 700 meters, Argiroupoli is a picturesque village with some 400 permanent residents. One of the most characteristic architectural features of the village is that several architectural parts of ancient constructions have been reused in recent buildings and are well visible. Argyroupoli is a historic village, as it is here that in 1878 it has been declared the Unification of Crete with Greece. Just off the village it is worth seeing the ruins of the ancient city of Lappa, which flourished during the Hellenistic and the Roman period. 17

18 Those who like natural beauty will certainly enjoy the luxuriant vegetation, the ancient plane trees, the brooks with fresh water and the water mills at Piges ( springs ). The place is ideal for rest and the cafes and taverns will serve you delicious food and refreshing drinks. Once there, you can also visit the small churches of Aghios Ioannis and Aghia Dynami, built at the foot of a huge rock. Close enough to Argyroupoli, at Pente Parthenes ( five virgins ), you may see a roman grave, carved in the rock, as well as the homonymous church, dedicated to the Five Virgins, who died martyrs during the persecution of Christians by the Roman emperor Decius in the years 250. You will also see the evergreen plane tree with the impressive huge trunk. Some 4 kilometers far from Argyroupoli at the East, by the village Aghios Konstantinos you may see the ruins of Venetian villas, as the area had served as a resort of the Venetian aristocracy. Once at Argyroupoli, it is worth spending some time to drive to the villages of the area. Driving from Argyroupoli to Assi Gonia, some 6 kilometers at the West is a magnificent experience as the road follows the river Mousselas and passes through a valley full of trees. If you are interested in Byzantine churches don t miss to visit the village Myriokefala, 6-7 kilometers at the Southwest of Argyroupoli. The Byzantine church of Panaghia (Holy Virgin) has interesting wall paintings dating back to the 14th to 16th centuries. You will also find interesting old churches in the scenic village Rustica, 7 kilometers at the East of Argyroupoli, whereas those interested in local architecture should visit the traditional village Episkopi, 6 kilometers far from Argyroupoli at the North. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place on the 8th of September at Myriokefala, celebrating the Birth of Virgin Mary, to whom it is dedicated the homonymous Byzantine church. Accommodation in a few hotels and rooms to let is available in the village; you will also find good food and drink in some small taverns and traditional cafes. In case of emergency a small medical center is available. Access to the village is possible by public bus and taxi from Rethymnon, but it is better to visit the area by rented or private car and motorbike (click here to view hotels in Argyroupoli by Greekislands.com). The village and beach of Agia Galini the village and beach of Agia Galini Situated 55 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southeast, Aghia Galini is a big village with 1260 permanent residents, fully developed in a tourist resort and very popular to tourists. The village is built on the site of the ancient town Soulia, the port of the inland Syvritos, whose ruins have been found close to the mountainous village Thronos, some 37 kilometers at the North. It is worth seeing the Platys Potamos ( large river ), passing through the valley of Aghia Galini. Don t miss to take a drive to the inland village of Melambes, a scenic village ampritheatrically arranged with a beautiful view of Psiloritis, 9 kilometers far from Aghia Galini at the Northwest; a few kilometers more at the North there is the village Orne, at the foot of the mountain Kedros. 18

19 It is worth visiting Argo, the Center of Promotion of Fishing Products. The Center has established a small Museum in the old building of the Elementary school of the village. It is displayed the traditional equipment of fishing, along with a fishing boat and there is a good collection of relative photos. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place on the 15th of August in honor of the Assumption of Virgin Mary. Several hotels, studios, rooms to let and a camping offer to the visitor a wide range of accommodation. Taverns and restaurants as well as bars and cafes are available, whereas if you like fresh fish you will have the chance to buy some directly from the fishing boats, just at the moment they arrive. The sandy beach of Aghia Galini is situated just beside the village, before the river. It is well protected from the winds. The beach is very popular and in summer, especially during July and August many people come to spend their holidays here. Very well organised, it offers many alternatives for accommodation, good food and fresh fish and several facilities for swimming and bathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sport facilities, including activities as diving excursions and diving lessons. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus, with regular service, and rented or private car and motorbike. From the small port of the village, caiques depart every day to the beaches Aghios Georgios, Aghios Pavlos, Preveli lagoon and to the islets Paximadia. Aghia Galini (past the river) Situated at a distance of 58 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southeast and 2-3 kilometers from Aghia Galini at the East, the beach past the river is long with big pebbles and a rocky seabed, good for snorkelling. It is affected by the winds. It is ideal for a quiet swim, far from the crowds of people in Aghia Galini, and it is nudism tolerant. The beach does not offer any accommodation facilities; food and drink and facilities for swimming, sunbathing and sea sports are not available. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus up to Aghia Galini and then by car, motorbike or on foot. Of course, you can reach the beach by rented and private car and motorbike. The beach of Agios Georgios the beach of Agios Georgios The beach of Aghios Georgios is situated 62 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southeast, and 7 kilometers West to Aghia Galini. It is a wonderful beach with pebbles, not protected from the winds. It is good for snorkelling. Accommodation facilities or facilities for swimming, sunbathing and sea sports are not available, but you will find good food and fresh fish. 19

20 Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus up to Aghia Galini, but it is better to use a private means (rented or private car and motorbike). Access from Aghia Galini is possible by boat. The beach of Agios Pavlos the beach of Agios Pavlos Situated 58 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southeast, some 13 kilometers from the main road leading to Aghia Galini at the South (some 19 kilometers from the village Akoumia), the beach Aghios Pavlos is a long sandy beach affected by the southern winds. The beach is ideal for snorkeling. Well enough organised, it offers accommodation facilities, cafes and taverns with excellent dishes and fresh seafood. There are also facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports. The beach is so beautiful that it is worth spending a few days there. Access from Rethymnon is possible by rented or private car and motorbike. You will take the road to Aghia Galini, turn right after the village Nea Krya Vryssi (after circa 45 kilometers from Rethymnon) and drive for another 14 kilometers. Aghios Pavlos (westwards) Situated 58 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southeast, some 13 kilometers from the main road leading to Aghia Galini at the South, the beach at the west of Aghios Pavlos is a beautiful long sandy beach affected by the southern winds. The beach is rather isolated, with few people and tolerant to nudism. No accommodation and food and drink facilities are available; only a few umbrellas for shade are offered to the few people who choose this remote beach for swimming and relaxation. Access from Rethymnon is possible by rented or private car and motorbike. You will arrive here from the near by beach of Aghios Pavlos, after a few minutes walk on the dunes. The beach of Triopetra the beach of Triopetra The beach of Triopetra, named after the three impressive rocks ( Triopetra means three stones in Greek) in the sea, is found 52 kilometers far from Rethymnon and 13 kilometers from the village Akoumia, at the South. It is a long, sandy beach, open to the southern winds. It is very popular, not only because of the marvelous landscape, the crystal clear sea and the facilities, but also for the magic sunset. Organised well enough, it offers accommodation facilities, cafes and taverns with excellent dishes and fresh seafood. There are also facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports. 20

21 Access from Rethymnon is possible by rented or private car and motorbike. You will take the road to Aghia Galini, take the direction to the village Akoumia (after circa 40 kilometers from Rethymnon); from the village take the dirt track, drive up to the end and then on foot (a few minutes walk). The beach of Akoumia the beach of Akoumia The beach of Akoumia is found 51 kilometers far from Rethymnon and some 12 kilometers from the homonymous village at the South; it is a long beach with fine pebbles, affected by the southern winds, good for snorkeling. It is popular to the locals and to the tourists looking for a more natural environment. It is not very organised; no accommodation facilities, nor facilities for swimming, sunbathing and sea sports are available, but you will find good food, fresh fish and cold drinks. Access from Rethymnon is possible by rented or private car and motorbike. The beach of Ligres the beach of Ligres The beach of Ligres is situated approximately 52 kilometers far from Rethymnon and some 7 kilometers from the village of Kerames at the South. It is a beautiful, pebbly beach, affected by the southern winds. The eastern end of the beach is nudism tolerant. Not much organised, it offers few rooms for accommodation and a tavern with good food and fresh fish. No facilities for swimming, sunbathing and sea sports are available. Access from Rethymnon is possible by rented or private car and motorbike. The beach of Kerames the beach of Kerames The beach of Kerames is found at a distance of 48 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South, some 3-4 kilometers at the South of the homonymous village and at the East of the beaches of Ammoudi and Little Ammoudi. It is a beautiful pebbly beach, good for snorkelling, but it is affected by the southern winds. The beach is popular to the locals. 21

22 Not fully organised, it offers accommodation facilities and taverns and cafes for food and drink, but no facilities for swimming, sunbathing and sea sports. Access from Rethymnon is possible mainly by rented or private car and motorbike. The beach of Drimiskianos the beach of Drimiskianos Situated at the southern coast of Crete, some 40 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South, very close to Preveli lagoon at the East, the beach of Drimiskianos is a sandy beach open to the southern winds, not very crowded. The eastern end is nudism tolerant; the rocky ends of the beach are good for snorkelling. Not much organised, it offers some accommodation facilities and food and drink. Swimming, sunbathing and sea sport facilities and are not available. Access from Rethymnon is possible by rented or private car and motorbike. You will find the way to the beach on your way to Peveli; you have to take the dirt track from the old stone bridge, at the left as you drive to Preveli. From the beach you have also access to Preveli beach, walking via the path The lagoon of Preveli the lagoon of Preveli The beach of Preveli, Finikas (Phoenix) as it is officially known, is situated at the southern coast of Crete, some 40 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South. It is a unique sandy beach, very beautiful, with a forest of palm trees, which make it quite exotic. The mouth of the river Kourtaliotis is at this beach; the river has enough water even in summer, and just before flowing into the sea it forms a small lagoon; thus, if you choose this beach for swimming, you might have the chance to bathe both in salted and sweet water! Walking up the river is a fascinating experience; the palm trees grown on the banks of the river give a rich shade and the soil is even and sandy. In times you may think that you are in an African oasis. Due to this scenic and unusual landscape, the beach is a very popular destination since the 70 s when the hippies used to camp here, making huts from the leaves of the palm trees, a practice that went on until the end of the 80 s. The beach is open to the South and affected by the southern winds. Fortunately, this small paradise is not very organised; there are some facilities for food and drink but not for accommodation. The last few years there used to be also facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds and umbrellas), but it seems that recently it has been decided to remove them, in order to keep this unique environment as natural as possible. There are two ways to access the beach, the comfortable one and the hard one. If you choose the former, you have to go to Plakias (by bus or by private means) and catch the boat that makes the daily excursion to 22

23 Preveli. It departs at about in the morning and returns at about 4.00 in the afternoon. You will arrive at the beach without being tired, but you will miss the view of the beach from above, which is extraordinary. The hard way is to drive to the Preveli Monastery (by private means), leave your car at the parking some 1,5 kilometer from the Monastery (the parking is signed) and then start walking (or, better, hiking) down the path with many steep steps. Descending is easy enough, but then you have to climb up, and this is the difficult part of the story. It will take you some half an hour to descend and some more to climb back. If you choose the hard way, don t forget to take water with you and cover your head, as the sun is burning a lot especially from to Although difficult, this way of getting to the beach will reward you with a marvelous view of the beach from above. The beach of Sxinaria the beach of Sxinaria At a distance of some 35 kilometers far from Rethymnon and 3 kilometers from the village Lefkogeia at the South, it is found the sandy beach of Schinaria, well enough protected from the winds. Less organised, it offers few accommodation facilities, food and drink but no facilities for swimming, sunbathing and sea sports. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus up to Lefkogeia (32 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South) and then on foot, but the best way to reach the beach is by rented or private car and motorbikes. The beach of Ammoudi the beach of Ammoudi Ammoudi is a wonderful sandy beach 38 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South, 6-7 kilometers at the East of Plakias and some 10 minutes walking from the beach of Damnoni, well protected and not affected by the winds. The beach is very popular to nudists. Well organised, it offers accommodation facilities in hotels and rooms to let, as well as taverns for food and drink. Facilities for swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sport are also available. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus up to Lefkogeia (32 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South), but the best way to reach the beach is by rented or private car and motorbikes. Micro (little) Ammoudi Successive to the beach of Ammoudi, 38 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South, 7 kilometers at the East of Plakias, 4 kilometers far from the village Lefkogeia and some 15 minutes walking from the beach of 23

24 Damnoni, it is situated the small sandy beach of Micro Ammoudi. The beach is well protected from the winds. The beach is so small and that popular, especially to nudists, that usually it is extremely crowded, like packed with people. Well organised, it offers accommodation facilities, food and drink in taverns and cafes, as well as facilities for swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus up to Lefkogeia (32 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South), but the best way to reach the beach is by rented or private car and motorbikes. The beach of Damnoni the beach of Damnoni At a distance of 38 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South and 6 kilometers at the East of Plakias, it is situated the beautiful sandy beach of Damnoni. The beach is open to the South and, thus, affected by the southern winds. Well enough organised, it offers accommodation facilities, a few taverns for food and drink; facilities for swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports are also available, including diving activities as diving excursions and diving lessons. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus up to Plakias, but the best way is to use rented or private car and motorbikes. The village and beach of Plakias the village and beach of Plakias Situated 39 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southern coast of Crete, at the Libyan Sea, Plakias is a popular tourist resort, well developed and offering full facilities to the visitors. The village has approximately 180 permanent residents. It is worth hiking the Kotsyfou gorge starting off the small village of Kanevos, 5 kilometers at the North of Plakias, and ends up close to Plakias. The gorge has a length of 1800 meters; its entrance is quite narrow, approximately 10 meters wide, whereas at the exit its width reaches the 600 meters. The slopes of the gorge are very steep, with a height reaching the 600 meters. Within the gorge you will find the tiny church of Aghios Nicolaos. If you have a car it is worth driving around to the scenic villages of the area as Myrthios, 3 kilometers far from Plakias at the North, to the villages Sellia, 5 kilometers at the Northwest and Mariou, 6 kilometers at the Northeast. Also, don t miss to visit the small and picturesque coves of the beach, offering a fascinating view of the Libyan Sea. 24

25 If you are fan of local history and tradition, you should visit the Papageorgoulakeion Museum, which in fact is the personal collection of the priest M. Georgoulakis. The Museum is found in the village Assomatos, some 13 kilometers far from Plakias at the East and you may see items and artifacts from traditional activities and every day life, as well as religious artifacts, weapons and souvenirs from the period of Ottoman domination, up to the 20th century. Within the village, you may stroll around with the little wheel-driven train. Two local feasts ( panighyri ) take place in honor of Aghios Georghios (St. George) and Aghia Paraskevi at Plakias. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place on the 8th of September in honor of the Birth of Virgin Mary at Lefkogia. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place on 15th of August, in honor of the Assumption of Virgin Mary at Sellia. Accommodation of any kind and for all budgets is plenty; you may find hotels, rooms to let, studios and apartments. Food and drink is never a problem; taverns, restaurants and cafes are abundant, offering a wide range of tastes. There are also some bars and clubs for nightlife and amusement. The beaches of the area are all beautiful, suitable for swimming and some of them offer sea sport facilities. In front of the village, it is found a long sandy beach with crystal clear water and affected by the summer winds. It is very popular and gets crowded in summer. The eastern part is kept for nudists. The beach is well organised, it offers accommodation facilities. Food and drink are available at the sea front taverns and restaurants; the visitor can also find facilities for swimming, sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sports, especially diving excursions and diving lessons. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus and rented or private car and motorbike. In summer small boats can get you to the beach of Preveli, just at the mouth of the river Kourtaliotis. Boats leave Plakias in the morning and return in the afternoon (it is advised to check the timetable at the port of Plakias) (click here to view hotels in Plakias by Greekislands.com). The village of Mirthios the village of Mirthios Mirthios is situated 36 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the South and 3 Kilometers before arriving to Plakias. It is a small scenic inland village, but in short distance from the beach, built on the slopes of Kouroupas, with few permanent residents. From the village you will enjoy an excellent view of the Plakias Bay and the Libyan Sea. It is worth seeing the church of Aghios Charalambos with a beautiful wood carved icon screen of the 19th century; the church of Jesus Christ s Transfiguration is also worth a visit. Two local feasts ( panighyri ) take place on the 10th of February in honor of Aghios Charalambos and on the 6th of August dedicated to Jesus Christ s Transfiguration. 25

26 Accommodation is available in hotels and rooms to let, while food and drink is offered both in the taverns and cafes of the village and at the near-by resort of Plakias. Access from Rethymnon is possible by public bus and rented or private car and motorbike. The beach of Souda the beach of Souda Situated within the Plakias bay, some 43 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southwest and 3 kilometers at the West of Plakias, the beach of Souda is a lovely sandy beach, less crowded than the main beach of Plakias; it is open to the South and affected by the southern winds. It is a well-organised beach with accommodation facilities in hotels and rooms to let, several taverns and cafes, as well as facilities for swimming and sunbathing (sunbeds, umbrellas) and sea sport. The rocky ends of the beach are good for snorkelling. Access from Rethymnon is possible mainly by rented or private car and motorbike. Of course, you may use the public bus, which will get you up to Plakias; the distance to Souda is some 3 kilometers and you have to walk or take a taxi. The beach of Korakas the beach of Korakas Situated some 47 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southwest and a couple of kilometers at the South of the village of Rodakino, the beach of Korakas is a sandy beach, open to the South. Well organised, it offers accommodation facilities in hotels and rooms to let, as well as taverns for food and drink. Access from Rethymnon is possible by rented or private car and motorbike. 26

27 The beach of Rodakino the beach of Rodakino The beach of Rodakino is found 47 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southwest, and at a distance of approximately 3 kilometers from the homonymous village. In fact there are three different beaches with pebbles, open to the South and affected by the southern winds. Two out of the three beaches, at the end of the dirt track, offer some facilities for swimming and food and drink. The third beach, situated behind a low hill close to the former, has not any kind of facilities. For this reason and because of the difficult access, it is chosen by few people and it is popular to nudists. Due to its rocky seabed it is good for snorkelling. Accommodation facilities in few rooms to let are available in the village of Rodakino. Access to the first two beaches is possible by rented or private car and motorbike; the third, isolated one, is also accessible by car, but don t miss to ask the local for instructions. To reach this beach, a short walk over the small hill is a good alternative. Scenic Routes Rethymnon - Ancient Eleftherna - Margarites - Rethymnon scenic route Rethymnon-Margarites Departing from Rethymnon via the Old National Road to Heraklion, at the East, you arrive at the village of Platanias and take the road to the historic Monastery of Arkadi. You pass by the villages of Adele and Piges (on the 9th kilometer from Rethymnon) and then deviate to the right in order to visit the village of Aghios Dimitrios with the homonymous Byzantine church; continuing to Arkadi you may stop at the village Amnatos, where apart from the marvelous view it is worth seeing the Venetian buildings and a very interesting doorframe with an inscription. From Amnatos you may also visit the near by village of Kapsaliana, a reconstructed traditional settlement, where it is planned to establish the Olive Museum, within the very interesting building which used to be the old olive press establishment. Leaving Kapsaliana, you arrive at Arkadi, after some 5 kilometers, where you may stroll around in the Monastery and visit the Museum. On the road again, you may visit the site of the ancient settlement of Eleftherna, some 7 kilometers far from Arkadi at the North. After Eleftherna you take the direction to the East and visit the beautiful village of Margarites, where you arrive after a 6 kilometers drive. 27

28 The village is certainly worth a stop: you will be captured by the fascinating view, admire the interesting Venetian buildings and the Byzantine churches of Aghios Georgios and Aghios Ioannis Theologos, both built in the 14th century. Margarites is also famous for the lovely traditional pottery products. Leaving Margarites you are directed to the North and, when arriving at the village Alexandrou Chani, after some 8-10 kilometers, you take again the Old National Road to return to Rethymnon. Rethymnon - Aghia Irini Monastery - Roussospiti - Chromonastiri - Myli - Rethymnon scenic route Rethymnon - Myli Setting off the center of Rethymnon, you are directed towards the Southeast via the secondary road and arrive at the Monastery of Aghia Irini after a 7 kilometers drive. The Monastery is situated a bit at the south of the homonymous village and has been recently restored. Leaving back the Monastery, you continue on the same road until arriving at the village Roussospiti, 2 kilometers at the South of Aghia Irini and some 10 kilometers far from Rethymnon. Roussospiti is worth seeing for the well-known Venetian fountain and the Venetian buildings. After Roussospiti, you continue to Chromonastiri, where you may visit the Venetian mansion Villa Clodio and the churches of Kera Panaghia and Aghios Eftychios. The latter is located at the site of Perdiki Metochi; it is a cruciform domed church with important frescoes dating back to the 11th century. Once in the area, don t miss to pass from the village Myli, some 2 kilometers at the South of Chromonastiri. Actually the village is not inhabited. To arrive there you have to walk via the path and go down the small gorge. The village is situated within a landscape with luxurious vegetation and current water. In the past it used to have many water mills after which it has taken its name ( myli is the Greek word for mills ). Back on your way, you follow the road northwards and after passing by the church and the ruined Monastery of Panaghia Chalevi and the area of Missiria, you arrive at Rethymnon. Rethymnon - Potami - Patsos - Syvritos - Assomatos Monastery - Spilio - Rethymnon scenic route Rethymnon - Syvritos You depart from Rethymnon via the Old National Road to Heraklion, at the East; 3 kilometers far from Rethymnon at Missiria, you take the secondary road to Amari southwards. On your way you find the village of Prasses (12 kilometers far from Rethymnon) and after another 10 kilometers the village of Potami, where you may see the considerable dam under construction. From here you may deviate for some 10 kilometers to the direction of Voliones and the village of Patsos, where it is worth visiting the Patsos gorge and the Aghios Antonios or Cranaeon Cave within the gorge. Back at Potami, you continue for 8 kilometers up to the village of Apostoli with its buildings climbed amphitheatrically on the mountainside. At Apostoli it is worth visiting the church of Aghios Nicolaos, dating back to the 14th century, with interesting wall paintings. Close to the village, at a distance of 2 28

29 kilometers and after the villages Aghia Fotini and Thronos you may visit the archaeological site of Ancient Syvritos. From there you have a panoramic view of the Amari valley. It is also worth seeing the church of Panaghia (14th century), with important wall paintings. On the road again, you take the direction to the settlement of Moni Assomaton, with the homonymous Byzantine monastery, which flourished during the 17th century, actually housing an Agricultural School since the 1930s. Close to the settlement it is found the small church of Aghia Paraskevi, with very interesting elements both inside and in the exterior; you will arrive there via the dirty track. After Moni Assomaton, you continue westwards and after 7 kilometers you arrive at the village of Meronas with a fascinating view, luxurious vegetation and interesting ruins of Venetian dwellings. After another 5 kilometers it is found the village of Gerakari; the village has a considerable production of cerise and the best time to visit it is in spring, as the trees are in blossom and the landscape (but also the atmosphere full of scents) is extraordinary. Always westwards you arrive at Spili, after 11 kilometers; Spili is worth a stop for the excellent landscape with current waters, a good spot for relaxation and freshness. From Spili you take the main road northwards and return to Rethymnon after a 30 kilometers drive. Rethymnon - Agia Galini scenic route Rethymnon Ag. Galini You depart from Rethymnon for an excursion to the Southern beaches of Crete, with final destination the beautiful village of Aghia Galini, a tourist resort with full facilities. Take the direction to the village of Armeni by driving in the main road leading from North to South. One kilometer before arriving to Armeni (some 9 kilometers from Rethymnon), you may follow the deviation leading to the archaeological site of the Late Minoan cemetery. Back to Armeni, you may take the secondary road leading to the village Fotinos, where you will admire the famous Venetian fountain, constructed in the 17th century, or you may continue further on the main road up to the village Mixorouma (at the 26th kilometer). Here it is worth a stop just to see the traditional basket makers and the various baskets they make. If you feel like wandering around, you will find picturesque villages and interesting Byzantine churches. On the road again, you pass from the scenic village of Krya Vrysi (after 45 kilometers of driving) and continue for Aghia Galini, where you arrive after a 58 kilometers drive. Rethymnon - Rodakino - Korakas beach scenic route Rethymnon Rodakino Departing from Rethymnon you take the main road to the South with final destination the village Rodakino and the beach of Korakas. 22 kilometers after Rethymnon and some 12 kilometers after the village Armeni, you turn right towards the village Koxare and follow the secondary road leading to Preveli. This road 29

30 follows the Kourtaliotiko gorge, with a marvelous landscape and the river Kourtaliotis flowing parallel to the road. 2 kilometers after you have passed by the village of Assomatos, you have two alternatives: either you take the direction to Lefkogeia and pass from the lovely beaches of Schinaria, Damnoni, Ammoudi and Little Ammoudi where you may take a quick swim, or ignore them and continue towards Plakias. Some 4 kilometers before arriving to Plakias you turn right and towards the small inland village of Myrthios; from here you will enjoy a magnificent view of the Libyan Sea. From Myrthios you continue northwards following the direction of the Kotsyfou gorge. Just before the gorge gets narrower, you turn left to the village Sellia, an inland village situated at a height of 300 meters, from where you also have a beautiful view of the Libyan Sea. From Sellia to Rodakino the road has many bends, but the view is excellent and the distance rather short (some 13 kilometers). Once you have arrived at Rodakino, you are very close to the beach of Korakas where you may enjoy your swim and sunbathing. The second alternative is to continue from Assomatos directly to Myrthios, without going to Lefkogheia. If you follow this route you will pass from the small beautiful traditional village of Mariou. Once you have arrive to Myrthios, you follow the rest of the route to Rodakino as described above. Rethymnon - Anogia via the Old National Road scenic route Rethymnon Anogia You depart from Rethymnon and follow the Old National Road leading to Heraklion. After 11 kilometers you are found at Stavromenos where you may visit the Arsaniou Monastery. Driving to the East, always on the Old National Road, you arrive at the village Viran Episkopi (meaning the ruined diocese ); excavations at the site conducted in 1959 have brought to light the ruins of an Early Christian basilica destroyed by the Arabs when they occupied the island. The church was celebrated in the name of Aghios Dimitrios. You continue up to Perama where it is worth deviating to visit the village of Melidoni, some 4 kilometers from Perama at the North, with the historic homonymous cave. Back to Perama, you continue to Anoghia via the Old National Road. On your way you will find the villages Aghios Syllas and Dafnedes and on the 33rd kilometer you will arrive at the village Mourtzana. It is worth stopping here, both to enjoy your coffee in a landscape with luxurious vegetation and to admire the Venetian buildings. From Mourtzana you arrive at the village Garazo after 4 kilometers; the village has an excellent view and is famous for the citrons produced here. You continue to Axos, where it is worth deviating again to the village of Zoniana, some 5 kilometers from Axos at the Southwest. In the village you may visit the Potamianos Museum of History of Crete; the Museum has a great number of waxworks presenting several famous Cretan people as the painter Domenico Theotocopoulos (El Greco), the poet Vitsentzos Cornaros etc. Very close to the village it is found the impressive cave Sfendoni Trypa (meaning the hole of Sfendonis ). The cave has beautiful stalactites and stalagmites, whereas archaeological surveys have found traces of human activities since the Neolithic and Early Minoan period. After leaving Zoniana, you return to Axos and take the route to your final destination, Anoghia, where you have a lot to see and do. Anyway, don t miss to visit the cave of Idaeon Antron, at a height of 1500 meters, 22 kilometers far from Anoghia. Although the cave itself is not accessible due to the excavations in process, the landscape around is worth the visit 30

31 Rethymnon - Bali via the National Road scenic route Rethymnon Bali Departing from the center of Rethymnon you follow the National Road leading to Heraklion to the East. Leaving back the long sandy beach, full of hotels and rooms, you arrive after 21 kilometers of driving at Panormos, a tourist resort by the sea within a beautiful cove; at Panormos you may also visit the ruins of the Early Christian basilica of Aghia Sofia. Driving always eastwards, you may deviate a little at the 33th kilometer and visit the reconstructed Monastery of Attali, or continue to Bali, the famous tourist resort with full facilities and several small coves and sandy beaches well protected by the winds. Rethymnon - Argiroupoli scenic route Rethymno Argiroupoli Departing from Rethymnon you follow the Old National Road to Chania, westwards. After 6 kilometers you arrive at Atsipopoulo, a scenic village with interesting Venetian buildings; after another 2 kilometers you are found at the small village Prines and then at Gonia (11 kilometers far from Rethymnon) and Aghios Andreas (13 kilometers far from Rethymnon). Just off Aghios Andreas you leave the Old National road and take the secondary road leading to the village Ano Valsamonero, some 3 kilometers far from Aghios Andreas at the South and 16 kilometers far from Rethymnon. The deviation is worth doing, in order to visit one of the most interesting and beautiful medieval castles, situated on the steep hill of Kastellos some 5 kilometers far from Ano Valsamonero at the East, the fortress of Monopari. The fortress was built by the Genovese pirate Pescatore in 1206 during his short domination of Crete before the island passed to the Venetians some 4 years later. Back to Aghios Andreas you continue up to the junction leading to the village of Rustica, some more 4-5 kilometers far away to the South. Once at Rustica it is worth visiting the Monastery of Profitis Ilias. The cells for the monks surround the Church, the Catholicon of the Monastery; this circular arrangement makes the Monastery look like a castle. It is also worth seeing the two-part church dedicated to the Assumption of Virgin Mary and the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ, built in the 14th century. The church has very interesting wall paintings and icons. Leaving Rustica, on your way to Argyroupoli, you will find the village of Aghios Konstantinos; as the village used to be a resort of the Venetian nobility, you will see here several beautiful Venetian buildings and villas. After another 4 kilometers you arrive at the mountainous scenic village of Argyroupolis, were you will be rewarded for the drive. In the village you may admire the spectacular small falls within a picturesque landscape and have a gorgeous meal and relaxation. And, if you feel like wandering again, you may visit the village of Myriokefala some 7 kilometers far from Argyroupolis at the Southwest, where the Monastery of Virgin Mary, dating back to the 10th century. Or you may visit the ruins of Ancient Lappa close enough to Argyroupolis. To return to Rethymnon you may take the road Northwards, passing from the village of Episkopi and after it, via the National Road you arrive at Rethymnon after some 11 kilometers of easy drive. 31

32 Archaeological Sites Eleftherna archaeological site of Eleftherna The archaeological site of Eleftherna is situated in the area between the villages of Eleftherna (24 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East) and Ancient Eleftherna (29 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East), at the northern foot of Psiloritis. Excavations in the area started in late 1920s by the British expedition; since 1985 up to now the excavations are being carried out under the supervision of the University of Crete, whose target is to reveal the whole area of the ancient site, known only from text evidence. It seems that the place was active from Prehistoric times up to the Early Christian era. The most important finds brought to light up to now are: The ruins of a settlement of the Hellenistic period at Nissi, near the village of Eleftherna. Three more sites are found on the hill between two torrents, at the sites of Orthi Petra, Pyrgi and Katsivelos. A necropolis of the Geometric and Archaic periods has been found at Orthi Petra; remains of buildings and roads of the Hellenistic and Roman era were excavated at the upper strata. At Pyrgi, on the top of the hill there have been detected ruins of buildings from the Roman and Early Christian era. The archaeologists suggest that there probably was the center of the ancient settlement. Close to the actual village called Ancient Eleftherna, excavations have brought to light traces of continuous use of the place from the Minoan era up to the Early Christian period. Apart from this, it is worth mentioning the tower on a hill near the village of Eleftherna; it seems that the tower was in use during the Roman and the Byzantine periods. At the northern part of the ancient site, on the stream at the west of the hill of Pyrgi, it is worth seeing a very interesting Hellenistic bridge with a pointed arch. Finally, at Katsivelos you will see the Early Christian three-aisle Basilica with a marvelous mosaic decoration, possibly going back to the 6th or 7th century. Apodoulou archaeological site of Apodoulou At a distance of 53 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southeast, within the valley of Amari, it is situated the archaeological site of Apodoulou, very close to the homonymous village, at the site named Tournes. Excavations there were started in the 1930s by the eminent Greek archaeologist Spyridon Marinatos. 32

33 Located at the foot of Psiloritis, at the West, it was a very important site, as it overlooked the route leading to the Messara plain. The three sets of buildings of the Old Palace period ( b.c.), and the vaulted tombs of the Post Palace period ( b.c.), brought to light during excavations carried out by the German Archaeological Institute during the World War II and then, since 1985 by the Greek Ministry of Culture in cooperation with the University of Naples, make clear the importance of the settlement. The most interesting finds are the three buildings of the complex. The first of them is found at the East of the hill to the South of the retaining wall. It was a two-storey house as it is evidenced by the remains of a staircase. The building was used to store goods as it is shown by the abundant ceramic vases found on the ground floor. It seems that the building was destroyed by en earthquake. The second building is a big complex with many rooms at the North of the retaining wall, whereas the third, at the eastern part of the first is somehow more recent than the others. The most important of the tombs found discarded in the area of Tournes is a vaulted tomb at Sapotakia, with a dromos of a length of 7 m. and with a main chamber of 3,00 m. in diameter. Three urns dated to the Post Palace period ( b.c.) were found within the tomb. A vaulted tomb of the 14th century b.c. is also worth seeing. It is unique in that it is a rare sample of a built vaulted tomb with a 4,5 m. "dromos» and a staircase at the beginning. A lot of interesting finds were found in the tomb: bronze weapons, vases, jewels, and a necklace with an inscription in Linear A script. The chamber-tomb dug in the soil is another interesting find. The tomb has an impressive dromos of 15,50 meters and a staircase with 25 steps. Within the tomb there have been found the remains of a wooden litter, dated in b.c. Late Minoan Cemetery at Armeni late minoan cemetery at Armeni The Late Minoan Cemetery of the 13th-12th century b.c. at Armeni is located within a marvelous oak tree wood, close to the homonymous village, at a distance of 10 kilometers far from Rethymnon. The site of the cemetery was found out by chance in 1969, when two boys had handed over to the Archaeological Museum of Rethymnon two vases they had found at Prinokefalo, near Armeni. Since this period of time the excavations carried out and continuing up to now have brought to light a quite extended cemetery of the Late Minoan period. Up to now there have been found more than 220 tombs, most of them chamber tombs dug in the soft rock; their orientation is East-West and they have a narrow corridor leading to the main chamber. The most important thing is that the tombs were found intact and given rich finds, as weapons, statuettes, ceramic vases, jewels and tools. Archaeologists suggest that these are family tombs with more than one burial. Some of the bodies were buried in urns decorated with motives taken from natural life and the ritual. All these finds are displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Rethymnon. The site is open to visitors. 33

34 Axos archaeological site of Axos Close to the place where today it is situated the village of Axos, 44 kilometers far from Rethymnon, it is found the archaeological site of ancient Oaxos, one of the most important towns of ancient Crete. It had been active for a long period of time, from the Late Minoan period up to the Late Roman period. The excavations started in the late 19th century by Italian archaeologists and have brought to light interesting ceramic vases and potsherds, inscriptions, statuettes and coins. The town seems to be extended enough from Axos to Livada, at the Northeast. Ruins of important buildings as the temple of Aphrodite (Venus), the Prytaneion, several tombs and parts of the impressive defensive wall are visible today. Parts of ancient buildings, mainly of temples of the Classical period have been found in the masonry of the Byzantine churches of the area. During the Byzantine period the town was the seat of a diocese, with many churches of the period. Lappa archaeological site of Lappa Close to the village of Argyroupolis, some 21 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southwest, it is situated the archaeological site of ancient Lappa. The town was active since the Geometric period, but it flourished mostly during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, as it is evidenced by its coins. One of the most important finds one can see on the site is the excellent mosaic pavement. Excavations at the area are still going on and interesting finds as two statues of marble are displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Rethymnon. Stavromenos archaeological site of Stavromenos The archaeological site of Stavromenos is located at a distance of approximately 11 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East. Most of the finds, housed in the Archaeological Museum of Rethymnon, have been discovered in the area South to the village Stavromenos, on the hills of Kakavella and Tsikouriana. Surveys in the area go back to the 18th century and many finds were brought to light since this period, the most important being the funerary stele of marble, presenting a young hunter in relief; the stele has been dated in the 5th century b.c. and was discovered in

35 Since 1990 the excavation are carried out in a more systematic way and up to now there have been brought to light important complexes of buildings, dwellings and workshops. Monastiraki archaeological site of Monastiraki The archaeological site of Monastiraki is close to the homonymous village in the valley of Amari, at a distance of 38 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southeast. Excavations at the site started by the Germans during the domination of the island in the World War II. Since 1980, the University of Crete has restarted to excavate the place and the work is being continued up to now. There has been discovered an extended complex of buildings dated in the Early Minoan period (approximately 3000 b.c.) which had been collapsed by an earthquake followed by fire, in 1700 b.c. It is suggested that the buildings were used as storerooms, ritual places and rooms for archives. Based on the kind and the number of finds, archaeologists suggest that the site had been an important Minoan palace Churches and Monasteries Agia Irini Monastery monastery of Agia Irini The Monastery of Aghia Irini is situated 5 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South, at a small distance before arriving to the village of Roussospiti. It is one of the older monasteries on the island, as it has been established in the 10th century. As occurs with most of the monasteries in Crete, it has been destroyed several times during the various revolutions and revolts against the Ottoman domination. In 1990 it has been restored and renovated and today it is a women monastery. It is a place where flourishes the traditional handicrafts and especially the art of weaving and needlework, made by the nuns. The products are presented in a very interesting exhibition within the monastery. Halevi Monastery monastery of Halevi The Monastery of Panaghia Halevi is situated on the way to the village Chromonastiri, some 12 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South. 35

36 The main church is dedicated to Virgin Mary and according to the inscription it seems to go back to The Monastery is much older, dating back to the 16th or 17th century; it was active up to Today the Monastery is in ruins. It has been attached to the Monastery of Aghia Irini, since Vossakou Monastery monastery of Vossakou Situated approximately 50 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East, off the Old National Road to Heraklion and some 7-8 kilometers northern to the village Doxaro, the Vossakou Monastery is dedicated to the Holy Cross. As it is evidenced by the inscription of the entrance it has been built in 1195 and since then it had suffered many destructions, the last being in The actual church was built by the end of the 19th century, but the monastery was abandoned in The last decades' works of restoration of the complex of buildings are being carried out and a few monks have returned to the Monastery. Arsaniou Monastery monastery Arsaniou The Monastery is situated at a distance of 12 kilometers from Rethymnon at the East. It has been built during the Venetian domination; the origin of its name is uncertain. The main church, dedicated to Aghios Georghios ( St. George) is a cruciform domed church, built in 1888 on the place of an older one of the 16th century. The church was restored and renovated in late 1980s ; it is in that period of time that the church has been decorated with wall paintings and there was also established the small Museum and the Conference center of the Monastery. Arkadi Monastery monastery of Arkadi TThe Holy Monastery of Arkadi is situated 23 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the Southeast, and it is one of the most important historic monuments of Crete, an eternal symbol of sacrifice for freedom, as it is here that Constantinos Ghiamboudakis, the Cretan hero, blasted the powder-keg during the revolt of 1866, so that the Ottomans would not capture the people who had found refuge there. 36

37 The Monastery is found at the Northwest side of Psiloritis, at a height of some 500 meters. Whatever route you choose to reach it, you will pass from places both with natural beauty and with historic importance. Tradition states that the Monastery was established by the Byzantine emperors Herakleios and Arkadios, after whom it has been given its name. However, it is more possible that the Monastery was named after a monk called Arkadios. The church, found in the center of the Monastery buildings is two-aisle, dates back to the 16th century and it is dedicated to Aghios Constantinos and to Jesus Christ s Transfiguration. It has been built on the place of an older one of the 14th century. The Museum of the Monastery Within the Monastery a small Museum houses artifacts related to the history and function of the place. It is displayed the Banner of the Revolution of 1866, as well as religious artifacts, sacerdotal vestments trimmed with gold, weapons and other souvenirs Bali or Atali Monastery monastery of Bali or Atali Situated at a place with marvelous view, overlooking the tourist resort of Bali, the Monastery of Atali is 37 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East. The name is owed to a false pronunciation of Astali, the name of the ancient town in the area. The Monastery has been established possibly in the 17th century. Due to its location close to the Bali bay, the Monastery has played a very important role in the Revolution of 1821 and later, but it has been abandoned in the 19th century and restored recently in the 1980s. The Catholicon of the Monastery is dedicated to Aghios Ioannis (St.John) and has an impressive facade with several architectural features of the Renaissance. Agia Sophia Monastery monastery of Agia Sofia The church of Aghia Sophia is situated 22 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at the East, near the village Panormos. The church is a Basilica with wooden roof, dating back to the Early Christian period (5th century), brought to light by excavations carried out in It is the bigger church of the period in Crete. 37

38 Preveli Monastery monastery of Preveli The Monastery of Preveli, situated at a distance of 37 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the South, is in fact consisted by two Monasteries, 3 kilometers far away one from another. The first is called «Kato Moni» and it is abandoned and the second is the «Pisso Moni», which is a monastery in function, where visitors are welcome. According to the tradition, the Monastery owes its name to a refugee who came here from Preveliana of Heraklion, in the 17th century, and was housed in an older monastery of the area, established in the 16th century. The two-aisle church dedicated to Aghios Ioannis Theologos (St John) and to the Annunciation of Virgin Mary, built in 1836 on the place of an earlier Byzantine church, dominates the yard of the Monastery. There is a fountain in the Monastery with an inscription dated in There is also a small Museum. During the Ottoman domination the Monastery played an important social and educational role, and it maintained a school established in It was quite rich, as many people used legate their lands to the Monastery. It had an important part in the revolution of 1866, which resulted to its destruction by the Ottomans in It was rebuilt in 1897 with many changes; nowadays the former abbot s residence has been transformed to a hostel for the visitors of the Monastery. A local feast ( panighyri ) takes place in honor of St. Jon on the 8th of May. The Museum of Preveli Monastery Within the territory of the Monastery there is a small Museum where there are displayed religious artifacts, sacerdotal vestments, religious books and other souvenirs of the Monastery. Venetian Monuments The Fortezza venetian monument of Fortezza The construction of the Forteza started in 1570 by the Venetian dominants of the island in order to protect the area of Rethymnon and the town from the imminent Ottoman threat. As it used to be in that period, the fortress has the shape of a star, with six bastions and three gates. At the center there was the Catholic church of San Nicolo, transformed to a mosque when the Ottomans took the fort. Various buildings were situated within the fortress; the residence of the Venetian Governor, store-houses, barracks, a cistern and a good number of dwellings which were destroyed later. The initial plan to house the entire town was never accomplished. 38

39 The most important monuments of the Fortezza are: The residence of the Councilors, an impressive two-storey building, ground floor and first floor, with many ample rooms, a copy of the Italian mansions of the Renaissance. Possibly it continued to be in use also by the Ottomans as residence of the Ottoman officials of the town. The Rector s house should be an impressive complex of buildings as we can suggest from the few ruins visible today. The Cathedral founded in 1583 and dedicated to San Nicolo. During the Ottoman domination it has been abandoned and the Ottomans transformed it to a mosque. It is a big square building with a dome at the center. Only the base of the old minaret is maintained today. The two powder kegs within the Fort. There are two domed rectangular buildings with a small ventilation hole. They have extremely thick walls with small doors and corridors in the interior so that the powder is well secured. The Artillery storeroom is a two-storey building, with two arches. The upper storey had wooden floor supported by three wooden pillars; the entrance was decorated with an arched lintel. The building was used to store the canons, weapons and accessories of the artillery. The so-called Diocese mansion, a complex of two buildings, named so because of its vicinity to the Cathedral. The bigger of the two buildings has an extended room with arches. The smaller one is possibly a construction added later to the main building. No systematic excavations have been carried out in the Fortress up to now. Rescue work in the monuments and trial excavations have been carried out occasionally. A project of development of the whole space had been made by the eminent Greek architect D. Pikionis, but was never realised. Recently, the Municipality of Rethymnon attempts to develop and restore the place in order both to protect the monuments and use them for various modern activities. The Fortress of Monopari the fortress of Monopari After Constantinople was conquered by the Francs of the 4th Crusade, in 1204, Crete was given to Bonifatius of Monferrat; this latter sold the island to the Venetians. However, before the Venetians arrive and take possession of the island, in 1206 the then famous Genovese pirate Enrico Pescatore occupied the island and started to fortify it in order to resist well to the Venetians attempt to regain it. One of the most important and better maintained castles of this period is that of Monopari, near the village Valsamonero, some 17 kilometers far from Rethymnon to the South. Ruins of the castle of Pescatore still stand on the hill of Kastellos. The place is a natural stronghold, as it is inaccessible from all directions apart from the Northern, and thus it is only there that a defensive wall had to be constructed. Today, there are preserved two rows of walls with three defensive towers protecting the entrance gate, the ruins of three buildings, possibly storerooms, as well as a cistern and a well supplying the castle with water. 39

40 Nature Natural Sightseeing Idaeon Antron the cave of Idaeon Antron On the plateau of Nida, 25 kilometers far from Anoghia and 80 kilometers far from Rethymnon, at a height of 1500 meters on Psiloritis it is found the cave of Idaeon Antron. It is a very big cave with an impressive and huge entrance. It was a ritual place for a long period of time, from the Minoan period up to the Roman era. According to the Greek Mythology it is here that Zeus, the king of gods and men was brought up, hidden from his father Cronos. Excavations carried out since the late 19th century have brought to light very important finds, among them bronze shields, seal stones, golden jewels, pottery and small items of metal. As excavations by the eminent Greek archaeologists Efi and Yannis Sakellarakis are still going on, access to the cave is not possible Cave of Melidoni the cave of Melidoni The cave of Melidoni, or Gerontospilios as the locals use to call it is found at a distance of 31 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the East and 2 kilometers far from the village of Melidoni at the Northwest. The cave is open to visitors and presents both spelaeological and archaeological interest. It used to be an important ritual place in the Neolithic, whereas during the Minoan period it was dedicated to the mythological bronze giant Talos. An inscription found during the excavations in the cave shows that in the Roman era the place was dedicated to the worship of Hermes (Mercury). The cave played an important role during the revolts of Cretan people against the Ottoman domination as it served as a place to hide for the warriors and a refuge for the weak population. It is in such an occasion in January of 1824 that 370 people from the area, mainly women and children, were extinguished by the Ottomans. A memorial sarcophagus, containing the skeletal remains of these people is found in the first hall of the cave. Cave of Gerani the cave of Gerani The cave of Gerani is situated at Kamari, 6 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the West, close to the beach of the homonymous village. The cave has six halls all with wonderful decoration of stalagmites. As it 40

41 happens in most of the caves, archaeological excavations have brought to light remains of human presence in the cave during the Neolithic period: human skeletons and Neolithic tools were found, as well as Palaeolontological finds, animal fossils, mainly deers, dated in the end of the Pleistocene. Cave of Sfendoni the cave of Sfendoni The cave of Sfendoni (the locals call it Sfendoni Trypa, i.e. the hole of Sfendoni ) near Zoniana is located at a distance of 47 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southeast, on the road to Axos and Anoghia. The cave is open to visitors. It is very impressive and big, as it has 14 halls with a rich stalactite and stalagmite decoration. Its total length is more than 500 meters and it covers a space of more than 3000 square meters. Here too, there is evidence of human use of the cave from the Neolithic period up to the Minoan times. Cave of Agios Antonios the cave of Agios Antonios The interesting cave of Aghios Antonios is situated 40 kilometers far from Rethymnon at the Southeast and some 8 kilometers from the village of Patsos. It is open to visitors, mainly because of the archaeological interest it presents. It has been used as a place of worship from the Late Minoan period up to the Roman era. Archaeological surveys have shown that Hermes Cranaeos was worshipped here, as it is evidenced by an inscription found in the cave. Within the cave there is also a small church dedicated to Aghios Antonios, the patron of the children. Why Rethymnon Because, if you visit the area of Preveli and the Preveli Lagoon, you will feel like being at an oasis in Africa. Because visiting Idaeon Andron you walk on the steps of Zeus, who was said to have been borne there. And, thanks to the long-term excavation you will go back some years and come across the first great civilization in Europe. Because Psiloritis, one of the most impressive and beautiful mountains in Europe, a mountain assuring long life, is here and stands proudly as Cretan men do. Because of the spirit of Renaissance that is present in the old town of Rethymnon and in the Renaissance festival; and because the old town with the Venetian harbor is a living Museum of Venetian and Ottoman domination. 41

42 Because at Rethymnon the Cretan people, apart from the famous hospitality, know how to enjoy themselves, both in private and in public activities such as the Renaissance Festival, the Carnival, the Treasure Hunt and the unique Cretan Wine Festival. Because of the unique herbs, cheeses, wines and dishes Because you may find a lot of marvelous, scenic beaches, with crystal clear water, sandy, pebbly or rocky and choose the one it better fits you. Because the many scenic routes combine the wild nature with the mild human cultivation and the fascinating landscape with the evidence of human activity at the place for more than years. Because of innumerous local feasts ( panighyri ) which take place in the Cretan villages where the old style of life is still alive. Because of the full facilities of lodging, eating and amusement which is offered to the visitors who choose to stay in the Prefecture of Rethymnon during their vacations. Because the Monastery of Arkadi stands there as a symbol to remind to the visitors that important goods require important sacrifices. Because Rethymnon and more particularly Anoghia have St. Yakinthos, their own protector of lovers. Shopping - Local products Apart from the extremely beautiful nature and the numerous marvelous beaches, Crete has also a lot of high quality local products. In the Market of Rethymnon, you can find the famous Cretan cheeses as anthotyros (soft white cheese) and graviera (gruyere), the world famous olive oil, olives of various types all of them gorgeous, stafides (dried grapes), the strong and tasty dry red wine, the famous tsikoudia or raki, the local variety of ouzo, the unique Cretan herbs as diktamos and malotira (a kind of mountain tea). Crete is also famous for its knives; you may find them at any store selling souvenirs and small gifts; usually on the blade there is carved a mantinada, a poem of two or three verses, which the Cretans improvise in any occasion. You may also buy products of weaving and needlework. Rethymnon is famous fro this kind of work and you will find many stores selling them. Even if you find hand made textiles very expensive, there is always the alternative of a cheaper choice; you will find the designs quite interesting. Don t miss to buy the characteristic the famous decorated bread; Rethymnon is well known for this special art. Of course, this bread is not to eat, but it can be a very original decoration in the kitchen of your house. In the village of Mixorouma you will find beautiful traditional baskets, in Margarites fine traditional pottery and in Anoghia handmade glass products. In the taverns of the island ask for dakos (barley rusks softened in water, with feta cheese, olive oil and tomato), chochlious boubouristous (snails cooked with olive oil vinegar and salt), aega ofti (roasted goat), kaltsounia (cheese pies stuffed with the local cheese anthotyros and flavored with mint) and dozens of other local tastes and mezedes. Don t forget to ask for pilafi, rice boiled in meat broth. Originally, this dish is offered at the wedding tables (hence its original name gamopilafo, meaning the wedding rice ), and the most delicious of them you can still find on this occasion. However, as the dish has become pretty famous, you may find it at the menus of many restaurants as well. 42