EPILEPSY. Childhood Epilepsy Epilepsy Associated Brain Malformation (EA-BMF40) Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy

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1 EPILEPSY Childhood Epilepsy Epilepsy Associated Brain Malformation (EA-BMF40) Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy 1 in 10 cases of epilepsy is believed to be hereditary. A clear diagnosis is the first step.

2 Epilepsy a genetic perspective Epilepsy is a rather frequent neurological disorder with 1 in 100 affected. Approximately 10% of these will have a genetic background. Epilepsy is a disorder resulting from surges of electrical signals in the brain, causing recurring seizures. Seizure symptoms vary. Some people with epilepsy simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, while others have full-fledged convulsions. About 2 in 100 people in experience an unprovoked seizure once in life. However, a solitary seizure is not indicative of epilepsy. At least two unprovoked seizures are generally required for an epilepsy diagnosis. When to test? You should consider genetic testing if your patient has experienced two or more seizures. A seizure can take several forms: Temporary confusion A staring spell Uncontrollable jerking movements of arms and legs loss of consciousness or awareness Seizures can be classified as either focal or generalized each has several subgroupings dependent on the etiology.

3 Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Panel (PME11) The table below shows the genes included in this panel. Gene OMIM Phenotype CSTB ULD NHLRC Lafora EPM2A Lafora SCARB PME GOSR PME PRICKLE PME PRICKLE PME KCTD PME COL6A PME CERS PME CERS PME List of abbreviations: Lafora: Lafora Disease; PME: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy; ULD: Myoclonic epilepsy of Unverricht and Lundborg

4 Childhood Epilepsy Panel (CHE78) The table below shows the genes included in this panel. Gene OMIM Phenotype PRRT PKD, PKD+BFIS, BFIS PNPO Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy ALDH7A Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy KCNQ BFNC KCNQ BFNC, EE SCN2A BFNC, EE CDKL EE KCTD EE ARHGEF EE CHD EE SYNGAP EE MBD EE STXBP EE DNM EE SCN8A EE ALG EE HNRNPU EE GNAO EE SLC25A EE HCN EE SLC35A EE IQSEC EE GRIN EE HDAC EE GABBR EE GABBR EE GABRB EE, FS, GEFS+ TBC1D EE, MMPSI PLCB MMPSI SCN1A Dravet, GEFS+ MMPSI SCN1B Dravet, GEFS+ GABRD Dravet, GEFS+ GABRG Dravet, GEFS+ GABRA Dravet STX1B GEFS+ PCDH EFMR SLC2A EOAE, GGE, PED GRIN2A Focal epilepsy, ESES, LKS KCNT Focal epilepsy, ADNFLE, MMPSI LGI Focal epilepsy, ADLTE DEPDC Focal epilepsy, FFEVF GRIN2B West, focal epilepsy SPTAN West

5 Gene OMIM Phenotype CPA FFE KCNA EE CACNA1A EE, FHM with ataxia UBE3A Angelman Syndrome GABRA EE ARX West PURA EE SLC9A ID, Epilepsy KCNH EE SLC6A EE, MAE/Doose Syndrome FASN ID, LG, EE PIK3AP West RYR EE SLC35A EE MTOR EE MEF2C West FOXG West MECP EE, Rett Syndrome PNKP NEE/OS CHRNA ADNFLE CHRNB ADNFLE CHRNA ADNFLE POLG OCCIP, Alpers Disease/Syndrome, CSE, SV Tox ATP1A FHM SLC6A Creatine Deficiency GAMT Creatine Deficiency GATM Creatine Deficiency ATRX X-Linked EMR ADSL ASD EMR TCF Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome ATP1A AHC SMARCA NBS CNKSR LKS, ESES CLCN GGE PIGA X-Linked EE Abbreviations for Childhood Epilepsy Panel (CHE78): ADLTE: Autosomal Dominant Lateral Temporal lobe Epilepsy ADNFLE: Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal lobe Epilepsy AHC: Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood ASD: Autosomal Dominant BFIS: Benign Familial Infantile Seizures BFNC: Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions CSE: Convulsive Status Epilepticus CSWS: Continuous spike-and-waves during slow sleep EE: Epileptic Encephalopathy EFMR: Epilepsy with Mental Retardation limited to Females EMR: Epilepsy with Mental Retardation EOAE: Early Onset Absence Epilepsy ESES: Electrical Status Epilepticus during Sleep FFE: Familial Focal Epilepsy FFEVF: Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci FHM: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine GEFS+: Genetic Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures plus GGE: Genetic Generalized Epilepsy ICCA: PKD combined with infantile seizures ID: Intellectual Disability LGS: Lennox Gastaut syndrome LKS: Landau Kleffner Syndrome MAE: Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy MMPSI: Malignant Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy NBS: Nicolaides-Baraitser Syndrome NEE: Neonatal Epileptic Encephelopathy OCCIP: Occipital Seizures OS: Ohtahara Syndrome PED: Paroxysmal Exertional Dyskinesia PKD: Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia SV Tox: Sodium Valporate induced liver Toxicity West = West Syndrome

6 Epilepsy Associated Brain Malformation (EA-BMF40) The table below shows the genes included in this panel. Gene OMIM Phenotype FLNA Periventricular nodular heterotopia PAFAH1B Lissencephaly DCX Lissencephaly, double cortex TUBA1A Lissencephaly MEF2C Microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum ARX Lissencephaly VLDLR Lissencephaly ARFGEF Periventricular nodular heterotopia RELN Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia DYRK1A Severe microcephaly TUBB2B Polymicrogyria, symmetric or asymmetric TUBG Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations DYNC1H Pachygyria KIF2A Pachygyria, severe congenital microcephaly KIF5C Severe microcephaly with other brain malformations GPR Polymicrogyria COL4A Porencephaly 1 EMX Schizencephaly WDR Microcephaly with or without cortical malformations EOMES Microcephaly TUBA Polymicrogyria with optic nerve hypoplasia

7 Gene OMIM Phenotype TUBB Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations IER3IP Microcephaly with simplified gyration PAX Polymicrogyria PIK3R Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome PIK3CA Hemimegalencephaly AKT Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome OCLN Band-like calcification with simplified gyration and polymicrogyria ZEB Mowat-Wilson syndrome SRPX Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria HESX Septooptic dysplasia SHH Holoprosencephaly SIX Holoprosencephaly ZIC Holoprosencephaly TGIF Holoprosencephaly C6orf Periventricular nodular heterotopia MBD Microcephaly MTOR Hemimegalencephaly TBC1D Cortical malformations NDE Lissencephaly 4

8 Why use a genetic test? A genetic test is useful for both the medical doctor (MD) and the patient! It is a win-win. As MD you can use a genetic test to confirm the suspected diagnosis, making it possible to formulate a clear personal care plan for your patient. If a genetic test does not confirm your suspected diagnosis, you can wholeheartedly focus your efforts in another direction without detriment to the patient. A diagnosis helps the patient by providing piece of mind by answering the question what s wrong with me. A diagnosis helps define the best path forward for the patient and the family, with the possibility for significant improvement of health and quality of life for all affected. Accreditation Pending under ISO Medical Laboratories. Amplexa Genetics is part of the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network (EMQN) quality assessment schemes for mutation scanning and sequencing (External Quality Assessment - EQA). Why use Amplexa Genetics? Amplexa Genetics is a front-runner. Founded in 2006, Amplexa Genetics is one of the oldest private clinical genetics laboratories in the world! Amplexa Genetics is close to celebrating 10th anniversary in a field only slightly older than a decade we know what we are talking about! Amplexa Genetics uses state of the art Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology running disease panels co-developed with researchers who are leading experts in their respective fields. Skilled researchers totaling more than forty years of experience in genetics and genetic analysis. Amplexa Genetics provides results in an easy-to read-report, which will help you help your patient. Amplexa Genetics is committed to delivering: High quality analysis and clinical genetic reports. Competitive pricing. Competitive turnaround time. How to order a test? For information on how to order a test for your patient, prices, turnaround time etc., contact Amplexa Genetics - [email protected], telephone: or visit our website: Amplexa Genetics A/S Tolderlundsvej 3b, Odense C Denmark Tel Fax [email protected]