New Hampshire Childhood Cancer

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1 Introduction: New Hampshire Childhood Cancer New Hampshire, Childhood Cancer, January 2009 Issue Brief Cancer in children is relatively uncommon, impacting fewer than twenty two of every 100,000 children each year. In New Hampshire, approximately 73 children aged 0-19 are diagnosed with cancer each year. Less than 1% of all cancer cases are diagnosed in children aged 1 to19; whereas, over 82% of all cancers in New Hampshire are diagnosed in people aged 50 or older. The most common forms of childhood cancer are leukemia, lymphoma, cancer of the central nervous system (including brain and spinal cord), and soft tissue sarcomas which together account for 68% of the cases in New Hampshire children (see Table 1). Figure1: Childhood Cancer Incidence in New Hampshire, age 0-19, Childhood Cancer Distribution by Cancer Site, Soft tissue sarcomas 20% Other 32% Leukemia 19% CNS and Miscellaneous Lymphoma 13% 16% Other Lymphoma CNS and Miscellaneous Leukemia Soft tissue sarcomas

2 NH DHHS, Division of Public Health Services January, 2009 Figure2: Childhood Cancer Incidence in New Hampshire, by Age Group, Childhood Cancer Distribution by Age Groups, % % % % Figure3: Childhood Cancer Incidence Rate in New Hampshire, by Gender, Age-Adjusted Rate of Childhood Cancer Incidence by Gender(age0-19), Rate Per 100, Female Male 18.3 Gender New Hampshire SEER White SEER White -Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results age adjusted rates for whole of US white race. Gender differences: The incidence of childhood cancer is higher among females (23.3 per 100,000 per year) than males (20.7 per 100,000). In New Hampshire, females have a higher rate than males of certain tumors, particularly soft tissue sarcomas and thyroid carcinomas. In New Hampshire, males have a higher rate than females for leukemia s and lymphomas. 2

3 NH DHHS, Division of Public Health January, 2009 Table1: Age-Adjusted Childhood (age 0-19) Cancer Rates in New Hampshire, Cancer Site Total AA Rate Lower Upper Female AA Rate Lower Upper Male AA Rate Lower Upper Other Unspecified Hepatic Tumors Hepatoblastoma Retinoblastoma Renal Tumors Nephroblastoma Neuroblastoma &other PNS Neuroblastoma Germ Cell Tumors Malignant Bone Tumors Osteosarcoma Ewings Sarcoma Lymphoma Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Burkitts Lymphoma Other Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms Thyroid Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma Central Nervous System and Miscellaneous Leukemia Lymphoid Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Soft tissue sarcomas Rhabdomyosarcoma Total

4 NH DHHS, Division of Public Health Services January, 2009 Figure 4: Childhood Cancer Incidence Rate in New Hampshire, by Cancer Site, Childhood Cancer Age-adjusted Rates by Cancer site, Rate per 100, Other Unspecified Hepatic Tumors Retinoblastoma Renal Tumors Neuroblastoma &other PNS Germ Cell Tumors Malignant Bone Tumors Lymphoma Other Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms CNS and Miscellaneous Leukemia Soft tissue sarcomas Cancer Site Table 2: Rate of Childhood Cancer per 100,000 by Age Group and Cancer Site, Cancer Site Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Leukemia Lymphoma Central Nervous System and Miscellaneous Neuroblastoma & other PNS Retinoblastoma Renal Tumors Hepatic Tumors Malignant Bone Tumors Soft tissue sarcomas Germ Cell Tumors Other Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms Other Unspecified Total

5 NH DHHS, Division of Public Health January, 2009 Age differences: The highest incidence of childhood cancer occurs in children aged 15 to 19 (38.6 per 100,000 per year) followed by children aged 0 to 4 years (21.0 per 100,000). Among the youngest age group, the most frequently occurring cancers are leukemia s, central nervous system tumors, and neuroblastomas. Cancers occurring among children aged 15 to 19 differ from those occurring in children aged 0 to 14. With increasing age, the types of cancer begin to resemble adult types of cancer. Carcinomas, lymphomas, melanoma, and other malignant epithelial and unspecified tumors are most commonly diagnosed in this age group. Figure 5: Childhood Cancer Incidence Rate in New Hampshire, by Age Group, Childhood Cancer Rates by Age Group Rate per 100, New Hampshire SEER White Age Group SEER White -Surveillance Epidemiology and End results age adjusted rates for whole of US white race. 5

6 NH DHHS, Division of Public Health Services January, 2009 Figure 6: Childhood Cancer Incidence Rate in New Hampshire, by Age Group & Cancer, Other Unspecified Other Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms Germ Cell Tumors Soft tissue sarcomas Malignant Bone Tumors Hepatic Tumors Renal Tumors Retinoblastoma Neuroblastoma &other PNS CNS and Miscellaneous Lymphoma Leukemia