FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

Transcription

1 CITY OF BLAINE SAFETY SERVICES Town Square Drive, Blaine MN Business Phone Fax FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Storage, use, dispensing, mixing and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapters 34 and 27 of the Minnesota State Fire Code (MSFC) and NFPA 30 where referenced in the fire code. Scope: An operational fire permit is required to: Store, handle or use Class I liquids in a building in excess of 10 gallons; Use or operate a flammable or combustible liquid pipeline; Store, handle or use Class II or IIIA liquids in excess of 25 gallons; Remove Class I or II liquids from underground tanks by any means other than approved devices; Operate tank vehicles, equipment, tanks, plants, terminals, wells, dispensing stations, refineries, distilleries and similar facilities; Install, remove, abandon or place temporarily out of service (90 days) any aboveground or underground flammable or combustible liquid tank; Change the type of contents stored in a tank to a material which poses a greater hazard than for what the tank is designed and constructed. Manufacture, process, blend or refine flammable or combustible liquids. Non-applicability: The requirements below shall not apply to liquids as otherwise provided in other laws or regulations or chapters of this code, including: Provisions for flammable liquids at gas stations, airports, and marinas in MSFC Chapter 22. Medicines, foodstuffs, and cosmetics not more than 50% by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being flammable and alcoholic beverages in retail sales or storage uses when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons. Storage and use of fuel oil and containers connected to oil-burning equipment (MSFC Section 603). Storage and use of refrigerant liquids (MSFC Section 606). Storage and display of aerosol liquids (MSFC Chapter 28). Storage and use of liquids that have no fire point tested in accordance with ASTM D 92. Liquids without flashpoints that can be flammable under some conditions such a certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks. Referenced Documents. Applicable requirements of MSFC Chapter 27, other chapters of the MSFC, International Building Code, International Mechanical Code and National Fire Protection Association Standard 30 shall apply.

2 GENERAL STORAGE Storage, use, dispensing, mixing and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with the Minnesota State Fire Code and local requirements. 1. Classification of flammable and combustible liquids: a. Flammable liquid is a liquid with a flash point below 100 o F and is subdivided as follows: i. Class I-A: Having a flash point below 73 o F and a boiling point below 100 o F. ii. Class I-B: Having a flash point below 73 o F and a boiling point at or above 100 o F. iii. Class I-C: Having a flash point at or above 73 o F and a flash point below 100 o F. b. Combustible liquid is a liquid with a flash point at or above 100 o F. and is subdivided as follows: i. Class II: Having a flash point at or above 100 o F and below 140 o F. ii. Class III-A: Having a flash point at or above 140 o F and below 200 o F. iii. Class III-B: Having a flash point at or above 200 o F. 2. Plans shall be submitted to the City Fire Marshal before any construction for the storage, handling or use of flammable liquids in aboveground and underground tanks for public or private fueling stations, bulk plants, chemical plants, refineries, and processing plants. Detailed drawings or blueprints shall be submitted in duplicate to the City Fire Marshal for review. 3. Fire protection systems for the storage, use, dispensing, mixing or handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the State Fire Code and State Building Code. 4. Piping, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and fabricated from materials that will withstand the pressures, structural stresses and exposures to which they will be subjected. 5. Spill control and secondary containment shall be in accordance with MSFC Section Electrical wiring and equipment in areas where flammable liquids are stored, handled, dispensed or mixed shall be in accordance with the Electrical Code and MSFC Section Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in containers, cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance with MSFC Section Storage for motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations, public and private, shall also comply with MSFC Chapter Signs prohibiting smoking and open flames shall be posted in storage areas and tanks over 100 gallons shall bear placards per NFPA 704 identifying contents of each tank. 2. Underground tanks out of service for one year shall be removed from the ground, or when approved by the code official, abandoned in place. Tanks that are permitted by the code official to be abandoned in place shall be abandoned as follows: a. Liquids shall be removed from the tank and connected piping; b. the suction, gage and vapor lines shall be disconnected; c. the tank shall be completely filled with a solid inert material; d. remaining piping shall be capped or plugged; e. a record of tank size, location and date of abandonment shall be retained.

3 3. Tanks shall be designed, fabricated and constructed in accordance with NFPA Standard 30 and shall bear a permanent nameplate indicating the standard used as a basis for design. Typical standards often seen are UL 142 for steel tanks and UL 2085 for protected tanks. 4. Normal vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Class I, II or III-A liquids shall be located such that vapors are released at a safe point outside the building not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. Vent outlets shall be located such that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves and shall be at least 5 feet from building openings. 5. Stationary aboveground tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids shall be equipped with emergency relief vents that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure to fire. Venting shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 30 or API Floating roofs, weak roof-to-shell seams, self-closing manhole covers and covers using long bolts that will allow the cover to lift under internal pressure are allowed. 6. Quantities of liquids exceeding those specified in MSFC Table (1) for storage in control areas shall be stored in a liquid storage room complying with MSFC and General requirements for liquid storage rooms include: a. The room shall be of one-hour fire-resistive construction. b. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot of floor area over the storage area and shall operate continuously unless approved. A manual shut off device shall be provided adjacent to the access door. For vapors heavier than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches above the floor. Exhaust ventilation shall not be re-circulated within the room or building. c. Where required, explosion control, electrical service and equipment shall be provided in accordance with MSFC Section 911 and the Building Code. d. Spill control, such as a raised or recessed sill, is required. See MSFC Section e. Approved automatic fire extinguishing system is required. 7. Above-ground storage tanks outside of buildings. Aboveground tanks outside of buildings shall comply with Sections through Flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks located underground, either outside or under buildings, shall be in accordance with all of the following: 1. Tanks shall be located with respect to existing foundations and supports such that the loads carried by the latter cannot be transmitted to the tank 2. The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids to the nearest wall of a basement, pit, cellar, or lot line shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm). 3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (305 mm), shell to shell, shall be maintained between underground tanks.

4 Dispensing, Use, Mixing and Handling Dispensing, use, mixing and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with MSFC Sections Tank Vehicle and tank car loading and unloading and other special operations shall be in accordance with section Where gases are introduced to provide for transfer of Class I liquids, or Class II and III liquids transferred at temperatures at or above their flash points by pressure, only inert gases shall be used. Controls, including pressure relief devices, shall be provided to limit the pressure so that the maximum working pressure of tanks, containers and piping systems cannot be exceeded. Where devices operating through pressure within a tank or container are used, the tank or container shall be a pressure vessel approved for the intended use. Air or oxygen shall not be used for pressurization. Exception: Air transfer of Class II and III liquids at temperatures below their flash points. 2. Class I and II liquids or Class III liquids that are heated up to or above their flash points shall be transferred by one of the following methods: Exception: Liquids in containers not exceeding a5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity. 1. From safety cans complying with UL Through an approved closed piping system. 3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suction through an opening in the top of the container or tank 4. For Class IB, IC, II and III liquids, from containers or tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing or automatic-closing valve when the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section Class IA liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks. 5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems. 3. Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Sections and through Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table (1) and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in Section Exception: Cleaning with Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with Section Use of hazardous production material flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupancies shall be in accordance with Chapter Spill control shall be provided in accordance with Section where Class I, II or IIIA liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containers or systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity. Spill control and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with Section when the capacity of an individual container exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 100 gallons (378.5 L).

5 SPECIAL PROVISIONS This section shall cover the provisions for special operations, which include, but are not limited to, storage, use, dispensing, mixing or handling of flammable and combustible liquids. The following special operations shall be in accordance with Sections 3401, 3403, 3404 and 3405, except as provided in Section Storage and dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and construction sites. 2. Well drilling and operating. 3. Bulk plants or terminals. 4. Bulk transfer and process transfer operations utilizing tank vehicles and tank cars. 5. Tank vehicles and tank vehicle operation. 6. Refineries. 7. Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems. Permanent and temporary tanks The capacity of permanent above-ground tanks containing Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 1,100 gallons (4164 L). The capacity of temporary above-ground tanks containing Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 10,000 gallons ( L). Tanks shall be of the single-compartment design. Exception: Permanent above-ground tanks of greater capacity which meet the requirements of Section Bulk plants or terminals Portions of properties where flammable and combustible liquids are received by tank vessels, pipelines, tank cars or tank vehicles and which are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessels, pipelines, tanks cars, tank vehicles or containers shall be in accordance with Sections through

6 NAME Acetaldehyde (Acetic Aldehyde) (Ethanol) Acetone (Dimethyl Ketone) (2-Propanone) Acetyl Chloride (Ethanoyl Chloride) FIRE PROPERTIES OF COMMON LIQUIDS FLASH BOILING CLASSIF- ICATION HAZARD I.D. (NFPA 704) H F R IA IB IB W Acrolein Dimer II Acrylonitrile (Vinyl Cyanide) (Propenenitrile) IB Alcohol Butyl IC Alcohol Ethyl IB Alcohol Isopropyl IB Alcohol Methyl IB Alcohol Propyl IC Allyl Alcohol IB Allylamine IB (2-Propenylamine) Amyl Acetate IB (1-Pentanol Acetate) Amyl Alcohol II (1-Pentanol) Amylene 0 86 IA (Pentene) Asphalt (Typical) 400+ >700 IIIB (Petroleum Pitch) Benzene IB (Benzol) Benzyl Alcohol IIIB (Phenyl Carbinol) Butyl Acetate IB (Butylethanoate) Butyl Acrylate IC Butyl Alcohol IC (1-Butanol) (Propylacarbinol) (Propyl Methanol) Carbon Disulfide IB (Carbon Bisulfide) Creosote Oil IIIA 2 2 0

7 NAME Cumene (Cumol) (2-Phenyl Propane) (Isopropyl Benzene) Cyclohexane (Hexahydrobenzene) (Hexamethylene) FLASH BOILING CLASSIF- ICATION HAZARD I.D. (NFPA 704) H F R IC IB Denatured Alcohol IB Dibutylamine II Dibutyl Ether (1-Butoxybutane) (Butyl Ether) IC Diesel Fuel Oil 100 Min II No. 1-D Diesel Fuel Oil 125 Min II No. 2-D Diethylamine IB Epichlorohydrin (2-Chloropropylene Oxide) (Chloropropylene Oxide) IC Ether-Ethyl IA Ethyl Acetate (Acetic Ester) (Acetic Ether) (Ethyl Ethanoate) IB Ethyl Acrylate IB Ethyl Alcohol (Grain Alcohol, Cologne Spirits, Ethanol) IB Ethylamine (Aminoethane) Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane) (Hydrochloric Ether) (Muriatic Ether) Ethylene Dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) (Glycol Dichloride) <0 62 IA IA IB Ethylene Glycol IIIB Ethylene Oxide (Dimethylene Oxide) (1,2-Epoxyethane) (Oxirane) IA Ethyl Methacrylate (Ethyl Methyl Acrylate) Ethyl Ether (Diethyl Ether) (Diethyl Oxide) (Ether) (Ethyl Oxide) IB IA 1 4 1

8 NAME FLASH BOILING CLASSIF- ICATION HAZARD I.D. (NFPA 704) Formic Acid Butyl Ester Methyl Ester Fuel Oil No. 1 (Kerosene) (Range Oil) H F R IB IA II/IIIA (Coal Oil) Fuel Oil No II/IIIA Fuel Oil No II/IIIA Fuel Oil No II/IIIA Furan <32 88 IA Gasoline -45 to IB Gasoline Octane (Aviation Grade) Heptane IB Hexane IB (Hexyl Hydride) Isopentane IA Isopropyl Alcohol (Isopropanol) (Dimethyl Carbinol) (2-Propanol) IB Isopropyl Ether IB Isopropylamine IA Jet Fuels Jet A and A-1 Jet B JP-4 Kerosene to See fuel Oil No II Linseed Oil, Raw Methyl Alcohol (Methanol) (Wood Alcohol) (Columbian Spirits) IB Methyl Chloride IA (Chloromethane) Methyl Ethyl Ether IA Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) (Ethyl Methyl Ketone) IB Methyl Isobutyl Ketone IB Methyl Methacrylate IB Mineral Oil IIIB Mineral Spirits II IB II

9 NAME FLASH BOILING CLASSIF- ICATION HAZARD I.D. (NFPA 704) H F R Motor Oil Varies IIIB Naphtha V.M. & P IB º Flash Naphtha V.M. & P II High Flash Naphtha V.M. & P IB Regular Nitrobenzene IIIA (Nitrobenzol) (Oil or Mirbane) Nitromethane IC Octane IB Pentane IA Petroleum, Crude, Sweet Petroleum Ether < IA/IB (Benzine) (Naphtha, Petroleum) Phenol IIIA (Carbolic Acid) Propyl Alcohol IC (1-Propanol) Propylene Glycol IIIB Propylene Oxide IA Styrene IC (Cinnamene) (Phenylethylene) (Vinyl Benzene) Tetrahydrofuran IB (Diethylene Oxide) Toluene IB (Methylbenzene) (Phenylmethane) (Toluol) Turpentine IC Vinyl Acetate IB (Ethenyl Ethanoate) Vinyl Ethyl Ether IA o-xylene (1,2-Dimethylbenzene) (o-xylol) IC H = Health F = Flammability R = Reactivity