users from industries (with the focus on SMEs, clusters and distributed organisations)

Transcription

1 Attribute DC.Title DC.Subject DC.Description DC.Type DC.Source DC.Relation DC.Coverage DC.Creator DC.Publisher DC.Contributor DC.Rights DC.Date DC.Format DC.Identifier DC.Language DC.Audience DC.Provenance DC.RightsHolder DC. InstructionalMethod DC. AccrualMethod DC. AccrualPeriodicity DC. AccrualPolicy Date.Valid Category Background knowledge Learning style User UserLevel Description e-commerce and e-market Concepts of e-commerce and e-market, relationships to CN and interoperability, support institutions, support systems, portals, negotiation, CRM, logistics. This course will in particular investigate aspects related to the economics and the incentives behind Interoperability. If applicable issues of costs and benefits associated to developing, deploying or maintaining architecture, platforms and systems at enterprise level will be presented and instruments to predict and use them for analytically describe knowledge creation processes which are important pre-requisites for their large-scale. Collection IsPartOf COIN_INDUSTRY KIT COIN IP FP7-ICT JSI Distributable PDF, SWF, DOC, HTML en users from industries (with the focus on SMEs, clusters and distributed organisations) COIN IP FP7-ICT Explaining, teaching Updating Irregular Active Basic Business processes, process modelling, organisation models, basic formalisms, Basic knowledge on economic models, organisation structures, knowledge processes, management, social aspects in organisation Conceptual Scientific, Technical, Informative Student, Postgraduate, Adult

2 Aim of the course: This course will produce an introduction to e-commerce and e-market and the possible business models and the incentives for the domain of Interoperability. This will be demonstrated on the case of the COIN project and past projects in the field. We also explore the relevant concepts of Software as a Service (SaaS) and Interoperability Service [as] Utility (ISU). Course is composed of: - reading the document this document - watching the video lecture on-line in KSC - studying additional materials and presentations - asking questions and debating in KSC Disclaimer: The base for this course was taken from Tool-East course 6 Emerging Collaborative Forms from the project Tool-East, IST FP and has been updated to fit the purpose of the COIN D Training set-up and assessment deliverable. COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 2/16

3 1. Defining e-commerce Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or e-commerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as as well. A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web. Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, prequalified participants (private electronic market). Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com. Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where the buyer is directly online to the seller's computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary service. The sale and purchase transaction is completed electronically and interactively in real-time such as Amazon.com for new books. If an intermediary is present, then the sale and purchase transaction is called electronic commerce such as ebay.com. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions. COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 3/16

4 2. Defining e-marketing Internet marketing, also referred to as digital marketing, web marketing, online marketing, or e- marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. The Internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing in terms of providing instant responses and eliciting responses are the unique qualities of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to be broad in scope because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via and wireless media. Management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems are also often grouped together under internet marketing. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including: design, development, advertising, and sales. e-marketing also refers to the placement of media along many different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific websites, marketing, and Web 2.0 strategies. When the Internet was first conceived, communication over the wire was provided by the telephone company of individual countries, overseen by or being part of the government. Up to the mass commercialization of the Internet, the landscape was relatively stable. It was a landscape comprising, on the supply side, commercial network providers, ISPs, content providers and equipment providers; and on the demand side, users, or individual consumers taking out contracts with the ISPs. Today, to this landscape has been added a new category: a wide variety of service providers exploiting the Internet as a communications platform. These include notably those dealing with computing or information technology, and those offering intermediary facilities for content creation and dissemination. In the meantime, the businesses, business models, identity and balance of power of the original groups of players have fundamentally changed, for example: Network providers are no longer just shifting traffic around The telecommunications industry now also includes cable, satellite and mobile communications The ISPs as an independent, distinct group of providers has largely been eroded Internet access has become a line of business rather than the business of ISPs Content providers can be said to be everyone, thanks to the Web which enables all with access to the Internet to publish Equipment providers have expanded in range and scope beyond recognition The traditional network equipment and customer premises equipment providers are joined by vendors of all kinds of devices hooked onto the Internet, including several billion mobile devices. In short, while the supply side of the Internet market can be broken down into five broad segments, that segmentation masks a vastly complex constellation of actors with different focus, specialty and target customers. COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 4/16

5 3. Software as a Service (SaaS) and Interoperability Service [as] Utility (ISU) What is the value proposition for Enterprise Interoperability / Enterprise Collaboration in the forthcoming decade? Answering this question is a critical step for developing and ascertaining the (potential) business models for SaaS-U, as specified in the COIN programme of work. The scope COIN as a whole is that of networked enterprises with a focus on Enterprise Interoperability and Enterprise Collaboration as established in the Enterprise Interoperability Research Roadmap. The specific areas include: why enterprises need to interoperate, how enterprises interoperate, as well as what constitutes interoperability as a capability. Enterprises need to collaborate in order to compete, and there will be many different forms of collaboration. Collaboration will be key to enterprise innovation, enabled by interoperability as a capability. Increasingly, the only comparative advantage that an enterprise will enjoy will be its process of innovation. The standpoint is that enterprises must be the primary beneficiaries of Enterprise Interoperability solutions. This scope has been further affirmed in the report on Value Proposition for Enterprise Interoperability [European Commission, 2008]. In particular, that report demonstrates that interoperability as a utility-like capability is essential for enabling business innovation and value creation. Moreover, Future Internet technologies will re-shape interoperability as a capability, leading to the need to reappraise interoperability between enterprises. The report introduces Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FInES), which are very much part of the Future Internet paradigm. The ISU vision, as provided in the original Enterprise Interoperability Research Roadmap first published in 2006, is premised upon and closely linked to the development of the Internet as a universal infrastructure for value added business level innovation. Since then, the Future Internet has become a strategic, federating theme of European ICT research, to which the ISU vision has contributed. To ensure the relevance of this document with full consideration of as well as advancement beyond the state of the art, the scope of the document (and the WP6.2 research in COIN) has been aligned with that of FInES, which as a research domain, has brought together the research themes of Enterprise Interoperability (EI), Enterprise Collaboration (EC) and Digital Ecosystems (DE). 3.1 Methodology, Assumptions and Hypotheses The starting point of the research is the EIVP Framework documented in Chapter 3 of the Value Proposition for Enterprise Interoperability Report (referred to as the Report in the following). That framework (reproduced in Figure ) postulates three levels of value proposition. The initial focus is on the level of enterprises and the communities of enterprises (called the Enterprise-Community Level), where, according to the Report, the value proposition of EI has the greatest and direct impact. Following the thrust of the Report, it is assumed that the business context for enterprises will change and probably quite dramatically in light of the unfolding global climate ignited by the socalled financial crunch in the forthcoming decade. Our hypothesis is that this will put additional pressures on enterprises to innovate, leading to changes in the nature of innovation. These changes could and should be exploited for enterprise transformation, as they trigger new competitive forces, and could potentially pave the way for economic renewal and new social-economic dynamics. Accordingly, the future of the enterprise including nature, shape/forms, characteristics and requirements and particularly the associated scenarios for innovation is a main study object of the WP6.2 research. In addition, the other two levels of the EIVP Framework, i.e. the Individual Level and the Economy Society Level, are hypothesised to become increasingly important in defining how COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 5/16

6 companies may do business in future. Considerations are given to all these aspects, the results of which are provided in this document. Economy Society Level Productivity Innovation e-inclusion e-citizenship Enterprise-Community Level EIVP Value Level Interaction Type Breadth of Impact Geographical Reach Social Capital. Intellectual Capital Individual Level Emotional Capital Figure 1: EIVP Framework (Source: Value Proposition for Enterprise Interoperability Report V4.0) In order to describe, reason and where possible assess change on different levels, the COIN research into EI Value Proposition needs to integrate the relevant key developments in the field which impact on the nature of business and the development of enterprises (hence the title of the deliverable). There are of course different schematics for integrating and characterising those developments. Given that the overall context for COIN is enterprise networking, the research will be concerned with developments that are ICT based and/or ICT enabled. In conformity with the vision and mission of COIN, the research is particularly concerned with market developments and trends with reference to the themes of Software as a Service (SaaS) and Interoperability Service [as] Utility (ISU). Note that SaaS is a market reality while ISU is a research challenge premised upon a re-structuring of the current Internet. As already indicated, the twin notions of interoperability and collaboration is changing in perspective and scope as a result of both market reality and new research orientation towards a Future Internet. They are explored in the present document, leading to specific conclusions. Our basic assumptions are as follows: ICT as a whole is a critical infrastructure for all enterprises Enterprise processes will be subject to increasing commoditisation IT capabilities will be subject to increasing contextualisation in order to better serve business needs. We hypothesise that: SaaS will undergo further transformation as existing service paradigms evolve and potentially disruptive new service paradigms emerge Interoperability (in particular Enterprise Interoperability and Enterprise Collaboration as defined within the COIN Project as in the two sides of the same coin ) realised as a commoditised technical functionality, delivered as services, and independent of particular IT deployment is key to the infrastructure of a new generation of software-based services and applications COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 6/16

7 That infrastructure potentially constitutes a new level of functionality that forms part of the Future Internet architecture That infrastructure enables new forms and mechanisms of innovation New relationships between supply and demand in the application domain will emerge. In an enterprise context, value is traditionally tightly linked to economic value. Economics, as a scientific discipline, is about the study of making choices under conditions of scarcity and of the results of those choices. Over the centuries, a multitude of economic theories have shaped different notions of value, in respect of its creation, its propagation, and its destruction. In other words, an EI value proposition has a certain economic foundation. As the business context changes, it is crucial to understand whether the existing economic foundations will continue to support and help explain new market developments and trends, or whether a new set of economic insights will be needed. Accordingly, the research will investigate the economic foundations for utility as a business model paradigm. It is hypothesised that frictions in the existing market do not logically lead to the openness that is predicated for interoperability and collaboration. Targeting value level beyond efficiency and differentiation, specifically value innovation in accordance with the Value Proposition for Enterprise Interoperability Report, requires a new set of analytical tools for innovation economics. In this respect, a further hypothesis is that successful future enterprises will be those that are in a position to exploit the new dynamics of innovation and master the new generation of ICT-enabled mechanisms for innovation. Accordingly, value propositions are associated with innovation scenarios. It follows that an Integrated EI Value Proposition requires a re-examination of value and value proposition, and the creation of new economic value. A value proposition for EI within the overall scope of this document is provided. The value proposition is complemented by an examination of innovation as it is applied to the ISU within the wider context of ICT. Using the innovation analysis derived from the literature, we assess the innovation potential of the ISU and its application in a number of industry sectors and the enterprise software application domain itself. Such applications of the ISU - or the SaaS-Us as well as the business aspects of the ISU are detailed in the accompanying COIN Deliverable D6.2.2b. In addition to providing descriptions of the ISU and SaaS-Us, D6.2.2b examines their business viability by outlining the potential business models for each. Drawing on the research results conducted, the overall conclusions (set out in the final Chapter 7) are framed in relation to the following: (a) What is the value proposition for Enterprise Interoperability / Enterprise Collaboration in the forthcoming decade? (b) Are utility services in principle economically viable in ICT? (c) What is an Integrated Value Proposition of Enterprise Interoperability? (d) What are the Conclusions of applying the notion of Open Innovation in the field of Enterprise Interoperability? Does the utility-based business model support enterprise innovation? The document provides summary remarks on the state of the art, the state of practice and the state of play in ICT and how these might support the value proposition of future enterprises. It also provides final remarks on closing the gap between invention and innovation, the economics thereof, and the economics bases for utility services / ISU. An assessment is given as regards the applicability and relation of utility services to the future of ICT and specifically the future of the Internet. COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 7/16

8 Table 1: Summary of Business Scenarios covered by the FP6 projects in the EI/EC domain ATHENA ECOLEAD ABILITIES FUSION GENESIS PANDA CONTRACT Enabling seamless interoperability of enterprise systems and applications in order to support collaboration among networked enterprises during the entire lifecycle of the product Product Data Management ( Aeronautic and Aerospace collaborative product development within networked organisation and Automotive Collaborative Product Design ) Supply Chain Management ( Automotive Inventory Visibility and Interoperability, Automotive Outbound Logistic ) e-procurement ( Furniture e-procurement ) Product Portfolio Management ( Telecom Product Portfolio Management ) Enabling networked SMEs to efficiently collaborate and to meet customers' requirements while giving them the level of preparedness necessary to trigger joint & collaborative activities AIESEC (PVC), ISOIN and CeBeNetworks, EDINFORM, IECOS/ITESM, Orona Innovation Network, Supply Network Shannon, Swiss Microtech, Virtuelle Fabrik Creation and management of SME clusters and VOs Cluster Bag of Assets and Profiles/Competencies Management Virtual Breeding Environment creation and performance management Enabling interoperability among organisations in SME networks in Enlarged Europe, focusing on procurement and using UBL Retail (LT), High-Tech (SK), Agro-food (TK), Wood-Furniture (RO), Tourism (HU) Order Management: Purchase Order, Order Acknowledgement and Order Confirmation Delivery Management: Delivery Advice and Goods Receipt Invoice Management: Purchase Invoice and Credit Note Enabling semantic fusion of heterogeneous service-oriented business applications, based on semantic annotation of Web Services, including Web Service enablement, ontology engineering, semantic uplifting and process design and execution Stock replenishment in retail (GR and RO) HR scenario: international candidate search (HU and DE) Student transfer process in education (BG and AL) Enabling A hybrid approach for SME collaboration using server based functionality or P2P, with a document exchange & process execution platform for cross-domain/country collaboration, involving SMEs and micro enterprises in 8 countries B2B: Catalogue provision, Quotation, Ordering, Invoicing B2G: VAT Statement, Social Security Contribution, Employee Contracting Business to Banks: Payment Development and demonstration of interoperability among SMEs in the ERP/CRM value chain, using Web Services and Web 2.0 technologies Sourcing and scouting with customers (pre sales, sales) Partnership and performance profiles, partner search and negotiation etc Creation of dynamic multinational clusters of ERP/CRM value chain actors Development of contract-based technologies for contract management, monitoring and verification Modular certification testing using European Computer Driving Licence (ECDL2) concept Claims handling in insurance Aftercare contracts in aerospace aftermarket SLAs development In general terms, FP6 EI projects approach to interoperability were application and/or technology specific and process (as opposed to service) oriented. Business model consideration was confined to particular business scenarios with limited coverage of the value chain which typically related to selective business processes, and little involvement of end users if at all. Also in broad terms, these were based on pre-determined and often fixed business partnership relationships. Value creation, in so far as this was investigated in any systematic way, was confined to efficiency and/or cost reduction; with very limited COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 8/16

9 cost/benefit analysis where present. Business models were generally assumed rather than specifically articulated. There was no evidence of applying of any theory of business models or business modeling techniques. Also in general terms, FP6 EC projects (represented by ECOLEAD), whilst strong on value network analysis, had limited focus. However, there was substantial background work on guidelines for developing business models and ethical code, as well as a large survey of performance measurement techniques and metrics. At the time of writing, there are eight active projects in the research domain of FInES, including COIN (as the flagship Integrating Project). The ISU is claimed to be a motivating factor for the majority of these projects. In the autumn of 2009, at the request of the European Commission, COIN (through WP6.2) compiled and edited an overview of the research work related to business models being undertaken by the FInES projects, based on the contributions of the project representatives. The results are available as a public document [European Commission, 2010]. Based on the above submissions and updates since the publication of the above report, a snapshot of the status, available results and conclusions of the research related to business models in FInES can be drawn up, as summarised in Table. COIN is excluded from this table, as the subject matter of the COIN contribution is provided by this present document in its entirety. Table 2: Summary of research related to Business Models by projects in the FInES domain FP7/ICT COMMIUS FP7/ICT isurf Summary: to provide an easy and almost-zero-cost way for SMEs to electronically interconnect and collaborate, with as the main interaction medium & primary user interface Business model activities Analysis of market situation and business models (surveys & analyses) Establishment of the Commius Community (community-based approach) Objectives of those activities Providing SMEs with the Commius Solution Improvement of solution based on community feedback Opportunities for commercial services Results and conclusions First demo of main software components (prototype of full platform due July 2010) Definition of overall business model for exploitation, based on an open source approach SMEs are highly interested in the Commius approach (community expected to exceed critical mass) Main issues Matching the user s expectation and needs Defining a suitable & sustainable business model Creating a Commius community able to support the Open Source approach, on which project exploitation relies Summary: to enable the collaborative supply chain planning across multiple domains for a flexible and dynamic environment and especially to facilitate European SMEs participation to collaborative supply chain planning process Project focus Development of standards-compliant (notably W3C and OASIS compliant) specifications and tools for the isurf ISU that will enable companies to exchange planning data seamlessly, although they may be using different the message exchange standards or proprietary formats of legacy applications Relevant development COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 9/16

10 isurf edocreator tool has a high exploitation potential (to be used by a number of OASIS subcommittees to generate the schemas of UBL 2.1 documents) FP7/ICT K-NET FP7/ICT SPIKE FP7/ICT SYNERGY Summary: to explore how different services to manage social interactions in a networked enterprise can be used to enhance knowledge and knowledge management (KM) services, with the key hypothesis being that the context under which knowledge is collectively generated and managed can be used to enhance this knowledge for its further use within intra-enterprise collaboration Business model activities User Interest Groups (UIG), aiming at creating industrial communities for dissemination Socio-Economic Study, for assessing the impact of the project results Objectives of those activities Testing of project results Benefits for project industrial partners in the short and long term Opening up new business models for cooperation within the various networks for especially manufacturing SMEs Results, conclusions and issues Early prototype of its services (monitoring of user interaction, context extraction and knowledge enhancing) has commenced, but too early to identify new business models So far, partners have concluded that an adequate framework to support knowledge enhancing within a network can lead to the creation of more knowledge; this new knowledge, resulting from intra-enterprise collaborations, have the possibility to open up new business opportunities and represent added-value in products The main challenge is to find the correct balance between the amount of information that can be acquired from the user in an implicit form (through monitoring how different systems are used), and what has to be explicitly requested from the user, to allow an adequate extraction of the context Outlook: A wider test of the project results, involving the UIGs; socio-economic study to present conclusions about possible new business models enabled by K-NET s results Summary: to research and develop a software service platform for the easy, fast and secure setup of short-term business alliances Business model activities Market analysis of existing collaboration tools, open source strategy and possible business models and business plans Competitive analysis of the SPIKE project and competing tools Online survey on business models for collaboration platforms (600 companies contacted and 100 of those participated) Results, conclusions and issues SPIKE specific results (ROI calculation, SPIKE platform licensing options & possible business models) Huge interest in comprehensive tool support for inter-company collaborative projects, but current tool support is rather poor The desired functionality significantly differs between different industry sectors and depending on the IT maturity" of the particular company Main issues: service orientation, especially across companies and sectors, is currently not yet as widely spread and mature as desirable; but awareness and the will to change is rising Outlook: no single platform/tool that serves all needs; providing tools and operating collaboration platforms might be an interesting business model in the medium-term future; support and integration of these tools and platforms into companies workflow will rise as companies switch to service orientation and "networked enterprises" Summary: to research the requirements for, and feasibility of, provision of services to support sharing of knowledge between enterprises collaborating in virtual organisations Business model activities Establishing the feasibility and structure of services for knowledge oriented collaboration and knowledge sharing in collaboration (such services could be offered by COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 10/16

11 FP7/ICT NEFFICS any future ISU, regardless of business model) Objectives of those activities To ensure a feasible exploitation path for SYNERGY research, particularly by providing a communication tool for potential users of SYNERGY services as well as potential ISU providers of these services (defining ISU business model design constraints and criteria is a collateral objective) Results, conclusions and issues BM activity just commencing ISU business models must make coherent offerings of services to support enterprise collaboration accessible to SMEs as well as to larger enterprises - accessibility in terms of: Price structure, allowing pay-per-use for services, with granularity allowing progressive use Up-front investment should be minimised Enterprises without specialist ICT skills base must be offered a path to utilise ISU services with minimum education and training demands ISU business models need to support both direct sales of services, and provision to value added orchestrators ISU business models must recognise the essential contribution of service developers/providers with respect to open source business models Summary: The objective of NEFFICS is to provide a new software platform as a basis for a new innovation driven ecology for networked enterprises, extended on top of an established cloud-based, software-as-a-service business operation platform, combined with an advanced innovation management software platform Business model activities Develop a definition and framework for model(s) for network based open business model innovation Define a framework for value analysis, built upon a definition of business value. The framework includes a number of aspects and corresponding metrics, such as modelling of organisations, business capabilities, business resources, business utility, business services, business processes, business cost/benefits, and value networks stakeholders and their roles. Expand the framework of innovation leadership to innovation leadership for open business model innovation based on networks. The task will cover 6 main elements within Innovation Leadership: Product- and service- innovation Leadership, Customer Innovation Process Leadership, Network based process innovation leadership, Process Innovation Leadership, HR Innovation Leadership Objectives of those activities Deliver cloud based open innovation model scenarios, cloud based open business model propositions and cloud based open business model cases, which will be addressed especially in relation to the open network based business model contexts for the use cases of NEFFICS. Drawing on these, the activity will provide descriptions and categorisation of possible cloud based open network based business models that support or even trigger new open business model innovation models and patterns in Future Internet innovation and cloud based innovation environments Results, conclusions and issues Virtual Extended Factory (VEF) - deliver VEF solution based on the requirements in which the Value Constellation can be configured and monitored, making use of the Value Chain Management, Business Activity Monitoring, Organization Model and Business Process Improvements techniques of the NEFFICS platform. The VEF is a separate environment that can also be used to do a part of the execution of a Value Chain. This includes collaboration on planning, forecast and replenishment on both the demand and the supply side Open Innovation - deliver cloud based open innovation model scenarios, cloud based open business model propositions and cloud based open business model cases OMG standards development - define a model-based architecture foundation for modelling networked processes and services based on model-driven architecture standards such as SoaML and BPMN 2.0 from the OMG. A first baseline will be established focusing on business-it alignment and harmonization between the SoaML and BPMN 2.0 standards COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 11/16

12 FP7/ICT NisB FP6/ICT OPAALS Networked ideation and innovation - deliver new capability to allow innovation community and sub communities to facilitate Open Business Model innovation for networked enterprises Cloud-based methodologies deliver a model-driven architecture methodology for networked process and service modelling, including extensions for case management supporting the knowledge worker Summary: NISB is a highly innovative project aiming to provide the means to quantify value exchanges between business partners through automated analysis of internet-based information exchanges between partners Business model activities Collaborating businesses are modelled in terms of the value arising from their data exchanges. The resulting business model has the capability of being itself traded Objectives of those activities Validate the use of semantic gossiping - an application of a technology termed emergent semantics which comprises a set of principles and techniques analyzing the evolution of decentralized semantic structures in large scale distributed information systems Apply these techniques to the analysis of the exchange of messages among peers to realize a distributed probabilistic reasoning The ability to use such techniques may be a critical break-through as more and more complex flows fall into the scope of the value network, given that substantial human resources are needed to perform such analysis using current techniques Results, conclusions and issues Value Networks - enable holistic analysis, coordination and optimization of a value network. Business agility - deliver the ability to support scenarios of dynamically selecting and switching business partners and taking advantage of opportunities of joint ventures and value network optimization Value Network as an asset - develop Highly Innovative Networked Business scenarios where the value network is an asset that can be leveraged by SMEs in lowering the barrier of entry regarding compliance to emerging regulations, formats and standards Summary: NoE to address the interdisciplinary theory of digital ecosystems, including a distributed transaction coordination model for run-time execution of complex, long-running business transactions & an Open Knowledge Space Business model activities - does not develop business models specifically, but has activities in the following: Business modelling language SBVR (Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules) Socio-economic theories that can provide a context for new business models related to ICT use & adoption, especially Open Source A distributed transaction coordination model that solves the information asymmetry and the monopolistic dynamics currently prevalent in centralised transaction coordination scenarios (strong business relevance due to the cost reduction implications) Distributed Accountability, Identity and Trust models that are essential for business transactions on P2P networks Results Many interesting ideas on methodologies & architectures informed by social science and extremely strong theoretical results have been obtained in computer science Conclusions Dynamic instantiation of business workflows from declarative models will require more solid results from the mathematics of bio-computing applied to computer science constructs Social dynamics and democratic processes are very important elements of economic sustainability Distributed transaction coordination model over a Dynamic Virtual Super-Peer P2P network is feasible but challenging to implement Distributed accountability, identity and trust have been implemented and being integrated in the distributed transaction and P2P framework for digital ecosystems Main issues COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 12/16

13 Insufficient resource allocation to research in the mathematics of bio-computing; SOA principles upheld successfully in DE architecture Outlook: DE approach is gradually taking hold CIP/PSP DEN4DEK Summary: a Thematic Network to share and disseminate knowledge, allowing regional and local governments to plan an effective deployment of DE technology and infrastructure Business model activities Have not identified specific business models, so far (DEs methodology is suitable for those activities involving many partners sharing common needs, goals or infrastructure; adoption of DEs by potential user communities has been scarce up to now) Objectives of those activities In spite of interest in DE approach, actual implementation is still disappointingly low (the main reason for conceiving DEN4DEK) Results, conclusions and issues Deployment plans for target communities being developed The potential structuring effect of technology was patently overestimated: it was expected that technological infrastructure itself could foster the economic development at different scales, but this has proved not to be sufficient DEN4DEK is focusing more on the final impact of the deployment of the DEs; thus, fulfilling the specific needs of the target communities and providing a more comprehensive assistance within the framework of DEs Outlook: Policy strategies that can be adopted for DE deployment; Socio-economic impact of DEs deployment; DEs adoption strategies, deployment and knowledge transfer plans In general terms, FInES projects - with the exception of COIN and the more recent NEFFICS and NisB - are not specifically concerned with research into value, value proposition or business model. In 2010, the FInES Cluster established a dedicated task force to consolidate the available research on business values, business scenarios and business models and provide recommendations on future research direction. The task force is scheduled to submit its initial report in December The report will incorporate the insights and findings from the business model work of COIN. COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 13/16

14 4. Referenced materials Li, COIN Deliverable 6.2.1a Integrated EI Value Proposition M24 issue, 2010 Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FInES) Cluster Overview of the State-of-the-Art Research in Business Models Final Version (Version 3.0) 16 November 2009, Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FInES) Cluster, Cluster Book, ICT2010 Event Version, June 2010 Tool-East course 6 Emerging Collaborative Forms Unleashing the Potential of the European Knowledge Economy Value Proposition for Enterprise, Interoperability, Final Version (Version 4.0), 21 January 2008 Wikipedia, online resource, Accessed on Wikipedia, online resource, Accessed on COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 14/16

15 5. Suggested readings D2.2.1d Exploitation Plans M48 issue (Final version) D6.2.1b - Integrated EI Value Proposition M46 issue Bogdan C., (2003), IT Design for Amateur Communities, PhD dissertation, Swedish Royal Institute of Technology Brown, G., (1998), The people are the company: How to build your company around your people, Fast Company online Csickszentmihalyi, (1990), Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention" Gongla P. and R. Rizzuto, (2001), Evolving communities of practice: IBM Global Services experience IBM Systems Journal, volume 40, n 4 COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 15/16

16 6. Additional materials ECOLEAD D41.1 Classification, Trends and Challenges for Virtual Communities ECOLEAD D41.2 PVC Objectives and Life Cycle Elements APM Association for Project Management: Project Risk Analysis and Management." January 2000 COIN Consortium Dissemination: Public 16/16