An Introduction to ERP Studies of Attention
|
|
|
- Della Shepherd
- 9 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 An Introduction to ERP Studies of Attention Logan Trujillo, Ph.D. Post-Doctoral Fellow University of Texas at Austin Cognitive Science Course, Fall 2008
2 What is Attention? Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others William James (1890)
3 How is Attention studied in Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience? Behavioral paradigms useful, but some limitations EX: locus of selection does attention influence sensory processing or late stage cognition for a given task, or both? Difficult to tell from RT & accuracy data alone. Brain imaging methods (Event related potentials - ERPs) & functional magnetic resonance imaging - fmri) have helped to overcome some of those limitations
4 Outline EEG & ERP methodology ERP evidence for early and late stage attentional modulations Multiple sub-systems view of attention Exogenous (stimulus driven) vs. Endogenous (voluntary) attentional allocation Sleep deprivation effects on attention
5 Offers excellent time resolution of neural events, but limited spatial resolution. Electroencephalography (EEG) Measures the electric potential differences across scalp arising from current flow within the head & brain.
6 Recording EEG - placement of electrodes
7 EEG signals arise primarily from post-synaptic activity (excitatory & inhibitory) Figures from Niedermeyer et al. (1999)
8 EEG signals represent the summed activity of large populations of synchronously firing neurons Figure from Speckmann and Elger (1999) Like holding a microphone over a stadium
9 Are all reliable neural events reflected in the EEG? Closed fields cancel each other out (e.g. midbrain nuclei) and are therefore invisible on the scalp Open field organizations (dendrites on one side, axon on other) summate. These include: most parts of cortex, parts of thalamus, cerebellum) Figures from Lorente de No. (1947) & Hubbard et al. (1969).
10 EEG properties of cortical patches are well described as current dipoles/dipole layers Neural dipoles => electromagnetic field changes throughout the head => current flow through head and scalp.
11 Dipolar nature of neural sources implies EEG signals arise from cortical gyrus sources Figure from Nunez (1995)
12 Event Related Potentials (ERPs) During stimulus processing, neural responses produce small scalp voltage changes embedded in the EEG trace. + time
13 Suppose these responses/voltage changes are consistent when processing similar stimuli in a similar way time
14 The problem is that this response is likely to be tiny with respect to the background noise ERPs are revealed by averaging the response across many trials
15 + + The ERP reflects the average across-trial brain activity in response to the stimulus. C1 N1 Figures modified from (Pantev, 1995) P1 P3
16 Features and assumptions of averaging Activity reflects both signal and noise Signal: stimulus related processing Noise: tonic background activity related to ongoing processes (level of arousal, etc) The signal-related activity can be extracted because it is time-locked to the presentation of the stimulus we know exactly when it begins
17 ERP Components Segments of the ERP that covary with experimental manipulations Total ERP is an aggregate of numerous ERP components a peak or trough may represent the sum of several functional sources Components are quantified by peak amplitude/latency
18 Visual ERP components reflect different processing stages of the visual cortical pathway. Logothetis (2002)
19 C1 C1 reflects activity in primary visual cortex & is sensitive to stimulus properties. Logothetis (2002)
20 P1 P1 ~ activity in extrastriate visual cortex; sensitive to stimulus properties & information processing demands. Logothetis (2002)
21 N1/N2 ~ anterior lateral/ventral visual cortex. Sensitive to processing demands & stimulus meaning. N1 Logothetis (2002)
22 P2/P3 ~ posterior visual cortex. Sensitive to processing demands, stimulus meaning, & state of the organism. P3 Logothetis (2002)
23 ERP evidence for early selection Early ERP components in response to attended stimuli are larger than for unattended stimuli. Luck et al. (2000)
24 Spatial cueing ERP paradigms Exogenous (stimulus-driven) cueing Figure adapted from Luck et al. (1994)
25 P1: Neutral > Invalid Cost of attentional allocation in terms of stimulus detectability N1: Valid > Neutral Benefit of attentional allocation in terms of stimulus detectability Figure adapted from Luck et al. (1994)
26 Endogenous (voluntary attention) Posner (1980) cueing paradigm: Ss detected targets from rotated distractors - cues appeared for msec and targets for 125 msec. (Schnyer et al., unpublished data) Valid Trials - 80% Invalid Trials - 20%
27 2μv N1 225 ms P1 (Schnyer et al., unpublished data)
28 Object-Based Attentional Selection Attention can be directed to spatially overlapping objects & surfaces. Valdes-Sosa et al. (1998).
29 Larger ERP responses to attended vs. unattended overlapping objects. Valdes-Sosa et al. (1998).
30 ERP Evidence for Late Stage Selection Attentional Blink Decreased accuracy and P3 ERP with medium length delays btw successive targets. P3 reflect updates of working memory Attentional blink => interaction of attention & WM
31 Psychological Refractory Period Task Decreased accuracy and P3 ERP with medium length delays btw successive targets. No large changes in P3 response, but
32 Osman & Moore (1993) Lateralized readiness potential (LRP, reflective of motor processing) significantly delayed with short T1-T2 SOAs. => Interaction btw attention & response-related processing.
33 Multiple Subsystems View of Attention Early and late selection effects => attention operates across a variety of cognitive sub-systems: early sensory analysis object recognition working memory response selection & execution For a more extensive and recent review, see E.I. Kudsen, Fundamental Components of Attention, Annu. Rev. Neurosci :57 78
34 Multiple Subsystems View of Attention Recent research has begun to examine: 1) the operation of attention across these different cognitive processing levels within single task paradigms 2) Different brain networks associated with attentional modulation across these processing levels
35 Attention Network Task (ANT) Fan et al. (2002; 2005) Functionally indexes attention networks involved in: 1) Alertness 2) sensory orienting 3) resolution of conflicting information
36 Fan et al. (2005)
37 Alerting Network Thalamus & frontal/parietal cortical sites
38 Orienting Network L/R superior parietal lobe, L precentral gyrus (near the FEFs)
39 Executive Control Network Anterior cingulate, L/R frontal areas, fusiform gyrus
40 The ANT task has been used to index EEG correlates of all three attentional networks (Fan et al., 2007).
41 All figures from Fan et al. (2007)
42 All figures from Fan et al. (2007)
43 Trujillo & Schnyer (in progress): Modified ANT Ss categorized target letter strings (consistent or inconsistent) under 3 cueing conditions (no cue, neutral cue, spatial cue). Exogenous and endogenous ANTs differed by nature of spatial cueing: EXO: cue location ENDO: cue orientation
44 1 Exogenous RTs Accuracy Alerting effect: ns Orienting effect: Neutral Cue > Spatial Cue, p < Conflict effect: Incon > Con, p < spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent EXO ENDO 800 Endogenous RTs Alerting effect: No Cue > Neutral Cue, p < Orienting effect: Neutral Cue > Spatial Cue, p < RT (ms) 700 Conflict effect: Incon > Con, p < spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent EXO ENDO
45 Exogenous ANT Target ERP Components Spatial Neutral No Cue Con Incon P1 N1 P3 - + μv
46 Endogenous ANT Target ERPs Components Spatial Neutral No Cue Con Incon P1 N1 P3 - + μv
47 Exogenous ANT Target ERPs Endogenous ANT Target ERPs N1 N1 P1 P3 P1 P3 Alerting, p < 0.05 Orienting, p < 0.08 Alerting, p < Orienting, ns Alerting, p < Orienting, p < ns Alerting, p < Orienting, ns No P1 effects were significant.
48 Exogenous ANT Conflict ERPs Endogenous ANT Conflict ERPs N1 N1 P1 P3 P1 P3 No Conflict ERP effects were significant.
49 Exogenous ANT Cue ERPs Spatial Neutral No Cue P1 N1 P3 - + μv
50 Endogenous ANT Cue ERPs Spatial Neutral No Cue P1 N1 P3 - + μv
51 Exogenous ANT Cue ERPs Endogenous ANT Cue ERPs N1 N1 P1 P3 P1 P3 Neutral > Spatial, p < Spatial > Neutral, p < No P1 effects were significant. Spatial > Neutral, p < 0.036
52
53 Accuracy Experiment 2 Changed task instruction to reduce conflict. Ss judged if center letter was same or different then flankers, rather than identity of center letter (Exp 1) spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent 800 EXO ENDO Alerting, Orienting, & Conflict RT effects were all significant for both Exo & Endo tasks. RT (ms) 700 No accuracy differences. 600 spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent EXO ENDO
54 N1 Target ERPS P3 Target ERPS N1 & P3 Orienting effects were Significant for both Exo & Endo ANTs (ps < 0.001). All P1 and Conflict effects were non-significant.
55 The same N1 cue ERP effect was observed as in Exp 1. EXO: Neutral > Spatial; ENDO: Spatial > Neutral, ps < 0.04 The same ENDO P3 cue ERP effect was also observed: Spatial < Neutral, p < 0.003
56 Exogenous vs. Endogenous ANT Summary In general, Alerting, Orienting, and Conflict effects observed in RT data for both tasks. Orienting effects observed in Target-locked ERPs. No btw task differences. N1 Spatial vs. Neutral Cue-locked ERP differences observed for EXO & ENDO tasks P3 Spatial vs. Neutral Cue-locked ERP differences for ENDO.
57 Exogenous vs. Endogenous ANT Summary EXO Cue-locked ERP differences may reflect presentation of Spatial Cues in upper/lower visual fields vs. centrallypresented Neutral cue. ENDO Cue-locked ERP differences may reflect the taskrelated meaningfulness of the cues. We will further test this hypothesis with a new experiment using abstract symbolic cues devoid of spatial meaning.
58 The Influence of Sleep Deprivation on Attention Subjects: 9 West Point Cadets, 11 Ft. Hood soldiers. Sixty nine channels of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded from subjects on two days, Day 1 (fresh) & Day 2 (fatigued), separated by hours. Attention Network Task (ANT; Fan et al., 2002; 2005; 2007): Uses EEG signals to index brain networks involved in exogenous (externally driven) and endogenous (internally driven) allocation of selective spatial attention.
59 WP/UT Accuracy RT (ms) WP/UT spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent no response 600 spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent EXO DAY 1 EXO DAY 2 ENDO DAY 1 ENDO DAY 2 EXO DAY 1 EXO DAY 2 ENDO DAY 1 ENDO DAY FH Accuracy RT (ms) FH spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent no response EXO DAY 1 EXO DAY 2 ENDO DAY 1 ENDO DAY spatial cue neutral cue no cue consistent inconsistent EXO DAY 1 EXO DAY 2 ENDO DAY 1 ENDO DAY 2
60 ANT Behavioral Results Summary 1) Lower accuracy & greater % of non-responses on Day 2 vs. Day 1, ps < ) Longer RTs on Day 2 vs. Day 1, ps < ) Expected effect of Spatial RTs < No Cue RTs for both tasks, ps < Spatial RTs < Neutral RTs for Endo task only (p < 0.001). Congruency x Group (p < 0.007) interaction for Endo task (p < 0.001) WPs RTs < FH RTs for Con & Incon, with larger difference for Incon trials. Day x Cue Type interaction for Endo task (p < 0.022) Day 1 Neutral RTs < No Cue RTs, Day 2 Neutral RTs > No Cue. 4) Expected effect of Con RTs < Incon RTs for both tasks, ps < 0.001
61 Exogenous ANT Day 1 Spatial Neutral No Cue Con Incon P1 N1 P3 - + μv
62 Exogenous ANT Day 2 Spatial Neutral No Cue Con Incon P1 N1 P3 - + μv
63 Endogenous ANT Day 1 Spatial Neutral No Cue Con Incon P1 N1 P3 - + μv
64 Endogenous ANT Day 2 Spatial Neutral No Cue Con Incon P1 N1 P3 - + μv
65 Endogenous ANT _ Targets Day 1 Day 2 O1 O1 N1: Day 1 > Day 2, p < 0.02; Spatial > Neutral/No Cue, ps < P3: Spatial < Neutral/No Cue, ps < 0.03
66 Exogenous ANT _ Targets Day 1 Day 2 O1 O1 P1: Spatial > Neutral/No Cue, ps < 0.02 N1: Spatial > Neutral/No Cue, ps < P3: Spatial > Neutral/No Cue & Neutral > No Cue, ps < 0.013
67 P3: Cue Type x Group Interaction, p < WP/UT FH Spatial Neutral No Cue
68 Exogenous ANT _ Congruency Day 1 Day 2 O1 O1 N1: Day 1 > Day 2, p < 0.022
69 Endogenous ANT _ Congruency Day 1 Day 2 O1 O1 N1: Day x Congruency interaction, p < 0.029
70 N1: Day x Congruency Interaction, p < Con Incon
71 The Influence of Sleep Deprivation on Attention: Preliminary Conclusions The present pattern of behavioral & ERP results suggest that fatigue can affect even the low-level ability to attend to objects/locations in visual space. Sleep loss seems to affect endogenous (voluntary) attention to a greater degree than exogenous (stimulus-based) attention.
72 Thanks For Your Attention! Mora and Carmen (1995)
2 Neurons. 4 The Brain: Cortex
1 Neuroscience 2 Neurons output integration axon cell body, membrane potential Frontal planning control auditory episodes soma motor Temporal Parietal action language objects space vision Occipital inputs
Functional neuroimaging. Imaging brain function in real time (not just the structure of the brain).
Functional neuroimaging Imaging brain function in real time (not just the structure of the brain). The brain is bloody & electric Blood increase in neuronal activity increase in metabolic demand for glucose
Obtaining Knowledge. Lecture 7 Methods of Scientific Observation and Analysis in Behavioral Psychology and Neuropsychology.
Lecture 7 Methods of Scientific Observation and Analysis in Behavioral Psychology and Neuropsychology 1.Obtaining Knowledge 1. Correlation 2. Causation 2.Hypothesis Generation & Measures 3.Looking into
Cognitive Neuroscience. Questions. Multiple Methods. Electrophysiology. Multiple Methods. Approaches to Thinking about the Mind
Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches to Thinking about the Mind Cognitive Neuroscience Evolutionary Approach Sept 20-22, 2004 Interdisciplinary approach Rapidly changing How does the brain enable cognition?
Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) Communication Training of brain activity
Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) Communication Training of brain activity Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) picture rights: Gerwin Schalk, Wadsworth Center, NY Components of a Brain Computer Interface Applications
Using Neuroscience to Understand the Role of Direct Mail
Millward Brown: Case Study Using Neuroscience to Understand the Role of Direct Mail Business Challenge Virtual media has experienced explosive growth in recent years, while physical media, such as print
What is the basic component of the brain and spinal cord communication system?
EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY David Myers The Biology of Mind Chapter 2 Neural Communication Neurons How Neurons Communicate How Neurotransmitters Influence Us The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The
Age-Related Changes and the Attention Network Task: An Examination of Alerting, Orienting and, Executive Function
LOGO Age-Related Changes and the Attention Network Task: An Examination of Alerting, Orienting and, Executive Function JANINE M. JENINGS, DALE DAGENBACH, CHRISTINE M. ENGLE AND LAURA J. FUNKE Reporter:
Independence of Visual Awareness from the Scope of Attention: an Electrophysiological Study
Cerebral Cortex March 2006;16:415-424 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi121 Advance Access publication June 15, 2005 Independence of Visual Awareness from the Scope of Attention: an Electrophysiological Study Mika
ERPs in Cognitive Neuroscience
Center for Neuroscience UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS ERPs in Cognitive Neuroscience Charan Ranganath Center for Neuroscience and Dept of Psychology, UC Davis EEG and MEG Neuronal activity generates
Overview of Methodology. Human Electrophysiology. Computing and Displaying Difference Waves. Plotting The Averaged ERP
Human Electrophysiology Overview of Methodology This Week: 1. Displaying ERPs 2. Defining ERP components Analog Filtering Amplification Montage Selection Analog-Digital Conversion Signal-to-Noise Enhancement
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
Chapter 7: The Nervous System Objectives Discuss the general organization of the nervous system Describe the structure & function of a nerve Draw and label the pathways involved in a withdraw reflex Define
CHAPTER 6 PRINCIPLES OF NEURAL CIRCUITS.
CHAPTER 6 PRINCIPLES OF NEURAL CIRCUITS. 6.1. CONNECTIONS AMONG NEURONS Neurons are interconnected with one another to form circuits, much as electronic components are wired together to form a functional
3. The neuron has many branch-like extensions called that receive input from other neurons. a. glia b. dendrites c. axons d.
Chapter Test 1. A cell that receives information and transmits it to other cells via an electrochemical process is called a(n) a. neuron b. hormone c. glia d. endorphin Answer: A difficulty: 1 factual
Masters research projects. 1. Adapting Granger causality for use on EEG data.
Masters research projects 1. Adapting Granger causality for use on EEG data. Background. Granger causality is a concept introduced in the field of economy to determine which variables influence, or cause,
2012 Psychology GA 1: Written examination 1
2012 Psychology GA 1: Written examination 1 GENERAL COMMENTS This examination was the final Unit 3 June examination for the VCE Psychology Study Design. From 2013, a single examination covering both Units
Vision: Receptors. Modes of Perception. Vision: Summary 9/28/2012. How do we perceive our environment? Sensation and Perception Terminology
How do we perceive our environment? Complex stimuli are broken into individual features, relayed to the CNS, then reassembled as our perception Sensation and Perception Terminology Stimulus: physical agent
Slide 4: Forebrain Structures. Slide 5: 4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex. Slide 6: The Cerebral Hemispheres (L & R)
Slide 1: [Film Clip: The Brain #2- Phineas Gage] Integrated Bodily Communications Within Brain (Hemispheres and structures) The remaining Nervous System Endocrine System (Hormonal communication) Our bodies-
Andrew Rosen - Chapter 3: The Brain and Nervous System Intro:
Intro: Brain is made up of numerous, complex parts Frontal lobes by forehead are the brain s executive center Parietal lobes wave sensory information together (maps feeling on body) Temporal lobes interpret
Overlapping mechanisms of attention and spatial working memory
Review 119 Overlapping mechanisms of attention and spatial working memory Edward Awh and John Jonides Spatial selective attention and spatial working memory have largely been studied in isolation. Studies
Human Neuroanatomy. Grades 9-12. Driving Question: How did the evolution of the human brain impact the structure and function it has today?
Human Neuroanatomy Grades 9-12 Driving Question: How did the evolution of the human brain impact the structure and function it has today? Objectives: Students will be able to Describe the basic parts and
Tinnitus and the Brain
Tinnitus and the Brain Dirk De Ridder & Berthold Langguth Moving animals have developed a brain in order to reduce the inherent uncertainty present in an ever changing environment. The auditory system
Nervous System Organization. PNS and CNS. Nerves. Peripheral Nervous System. Peripheral Nervous System. Motor Component.
Nervous System Organization PNS and CNS Chapters 8 and 9 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects CNS to sensory receptors, muscles and glands Central Nervous System (CNS) control/integrating center brain
Brain Matters: Brain Anatomy
1 : Brain Anatomy Lesson Overview Students share what they already know about brain structure and function, and then, guided by descriptions of brain regions explore the G2C Online 3-D Brain to learn more
Education and the Brain: A Bridge Too Far John T. Bruer. Key Concept: the Human Brain and Learning
Education and the Brain: A Bridge Too Far John T. Bruer Key Concept: the Human Brain and Learning John T. Bruer Scholar in cognitivist approaches to human learning and instruction. His argument refers
UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON EDUCATION & PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY SEMESTER 1 EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015 COGNITIVE & BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES MODULE NO: PSC4003
[EDP 005] UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON EDUCATION & PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY SEMESTER 1 EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015 COGNITIVE & BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES MODULE NO: PSC4003 Date: Wednesday 21 st January, 2015 Time: 2.00pm
Brain Function, Spell Reading, and Sweep-Sweep-Spell by Abigail Marshall, March 2005
Brain Function, Spell Reading, and Sweep-Sweep-Spell by Abigail Marshall, March 2005 This is not phonics or a phonetic process; it is simply letter and word recognition. Ronald D. Davis T wo of the most
Bayesian probability theory
Bayesian probability theory Bruno A. Olshausen arch 1, 2004 Abstract Bayesian probability theory provides a mathematical framework for peforming inference, or reasoning, using probability. The foundations
Physiological Basis of the BOLD Signal. Kerstin Preuschoff Social and Neural systems Lab University of Zurich
Physiological Basis of the BOLD Signal Kerstin Preuschoff Social and Neural systems Lab University of Zurich Source: Arthurs & Boniface, 2002 From Stimulus to Bold Overview Physics of BOLD signal - Magnetic
Sheep Brain Dissection Picture Guide
Sheep Brain Dissection Picture Guide Figure 1: Right Hemisphere of Sheep s Brain Figure 2: Underside of Sheep s Brain Figure 3: Saggital cut of Sheep s Brain to reveal subcortical structures Figure 4:
Ten Simple Rules for Designing and Interpreting ERP Experiments Steven J. Luck University of Iowa
To appear in Handy, T.C. (Ed.), Event-Related Potentials: A Methods Handbook Ten Simple Rules for Designing and Interpreting ERP Experiments Steven J. Luck University of Iowa Overview This chapter discusses
31.1 The Neuron. BUILD Vocabulary. Lesson Objectives
Name Class Date 31.1 The Neuron Lesson Objectives Identify the functions of the nervous system. Describe the function of neurons. Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart
Visual Attention and Emotional Perception
Visual Attention and Emotional Perception Luiz Pessoa 1 and Leslie G. Ungerleider 2 (1) Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, RI (2) Laboratory of Brain & Cognition, National Institute
GAZE STABILIZATION SYSTEMS Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) Purpose of VOR Chief function is to stabilize gaze during locomotion. Acuity declines if
GAZE STABILIZATION SYSTEMS Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) Purpose of VOR Chief function is to stabilize gaze during locomotion. Acuity declines if slip exceeds 3-5 deg/sec. Ex: Head bobbing and heel strike
Sheep Brain Dissection
Sheep Brain Dissection http://www.carolina.com/product/preserved+organisms/preserved+animals+%28mammal s%29/sheep+organs/preserved+sheep+dissection.do Michigan State University Neuroscience Program Brain
Super Brain Yoga ~ A Research Study ~ By Dr. Ramesh, MDS
Super Brain Yoga ~ A Research Study ~ By Dr. Ramesh, MDS As Master Choa Kok Sui says,~the Body is a living battery that requires constant recharging. This is done through different means, especially through
Classic EEG (ERPs)/ Advanced EEG. Quentin Noirhomme
Classic EEG (ERPs)/ Advanced EEG Quentin Noirhomme Outline Origins of MEEG Event related potentials Time frequency decomposition i Source reconstruction Before to start EEGlab Fieldtrip (included in spm)
3) Cerebral Cortex & Functions of the 4 LOBES. 5) Cranial Nerves (Nerves In the Cranium, i.e., Head)
Lecture 5 (Oct 8 th ): ANATOMY and FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Lecture Outline 1) Basic Divisions (CNS vs. PNS, Somatic vs. Autonomic) and Directional Terms 2) The Brain (Hindbrain/ Midbrain/ Forebrain)
BIOPHYSICS OF NERVE CELLS & NETWORKS
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MSci EXAMINATION May 2007 for Internal Students of Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine This paper is also taken for the relevant Examination for the Associateship
How are Parts of the Brain Related to Brain Function?
How are Parts of the Brain Related to Brain Function? Scientists have found That the basic anatomical components of brain function are related to brain size and shape. The brain is composed of two hemispheres.
Brain Development. Genetic make-up... is not the major determiner
Brain Development Presented by: Linda Alsop SKI-HI Institute Utah State University Genetic make-up... is not the major determiner Early experiences are so powerful that they can completely change the way
An electrophysiological assessment of distractor suppression in visual search tasks
Psychophysiology, 46 (2009), 771 775. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Printed in the USA. Copyright r 2009 Society for Psychophysiological Research DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00814.x BRIEF REPORT An electrophysiological
An fmri study on reading Hangul and Chinese Characters by Korean Native Speakers
언 어 치 료 연 구, 제14 권 제4호 Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders 2005, Vol.14, No.4, 29 ~ 36 An fmri study on reading Hangul and Chinese Characters by Korean Native Speakers Hyo-Woon Yoon(Brain Science Research
Dagmar (Dasa) Zeithamova-Demircan, Ph.D.
Dagmar (Dasa) Zeithamova-Demircan, Ph.D. Department of Psychology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1227 Phone: (541) 346-6731 [email protected] EDUCATION 8/2008 Ph.D. Neuroscience University of Texas
History of eye-tracking in psychological research
History of eye-tracking in psychological research In the 1950s, Alfred Yarbus showed the task given to a subject has a very large influence on the subjects eye movements. Yarbus also wrote about the relation
Brain Structures That are Involved with Memory
Early Theories of Brain Structures That are Involved with Psychology 372 Sensation Sensory Attention Rehearsal STM Storage Retrieval Physiological Psychology Steven E. Meier, Ph.D. Listen to the audio
Shifting views on the symbolic cueing effect: Cueing attention through recent prior experience
Psicológica (2008), 29, 97-114. Shifting views on the symbolic cueing effect: Cueing attention through recent prior experience Matthew J. C. Crump * (1), Bruce Milliken (1), & Imran Ansari (2) (1) McMaster
FUNCTIONAL EEG ANALYZE IN AUTISM. Dr. Plamen Dimitrov
FUNCTIONAL EEG ANALYZE IN AUTISM Dr. Plamen Dimitrov Preamble Autism or Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a mental developmental disorder, manifested in the early childhood and is characterized by qualitative
Program. 11:15 Prof. Heikki Hämäläinen, Department of Psychology, University of Turku: 12:15 Does aging involve hemispatial neglect?
AUDITORY AND VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE HUMAN BRAIN A symposium organized by the Finnish Graduate School of Psychology October 8 9, 2008, Helsinki, Finland This symposium is open to all doctoral
MANAGING QUEUE STABILITY USING ART2 IN ACTIVE QUEUE MANAGEMENT FOR CONGESTION CONTROL
MANAGING QUEUE STABILITY USING ART2 IN ACTIVE QUEUE MANAGEMENT FOR CONGESTION CONTROL G. Maria Priscilla 1 and C. P. Sumathi 2 1 S.N.R. Sons College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India 2 SDNB Vaishnav College
Laboratory Guide. Anatomy and Physiology
Laboratory Guide Anatomy and Physiology TBME04, Fall 2010 Name: Passed: Last updated 2010-08-13 Department of Biomedical Engineering Linköpings Universitet Introduction This laboratory session is intended
Vocabulary & General Concepts of Brain Organization
Vocabulary & General Concepts of Brain Organization Jeanette J. Norden, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Course Outline Lecture 1: Vocabulary & General Concepts of Brain
Lecture One: Brain Basics
Lecture One: Brain Basics Brain Fractured Femur Bone Spinal Cord 1 How does pain get from here to here 2 How does the brain work? Every cell in your body is wired to send a signal to your brain The brain
Improving Open Distance Learning Efficiency by Non-Invasive Brain Computer. Interface. Authors:
Improving Open Distance Learning Efficiency by Non-Invasive Brain Computer Interface Authors: Shengzhi Du, Department of Electrical and Mining Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa,
Resting membrane potential ~ -70mV - Membrane is polarized
Resting membrane potential ~ -70mV - Membrane is polarized (ie) Electrical charge on the outside of the membrane is positive while the electrical charge on the inside of the membrane is negative Changes
Function (& other notes)
LAB 8. ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN In this exercise you each will map the human brain both anatomy and function so that you can develop a more accurate picture of what s going on in your head :-) EXTERNAL
PhD student at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Department of Psychology,
March 2015 Piercarlo Mauri Curriculum Vitae Personal Details: Date of birth: 23/12/1983 Place of birth: Tradate (VA) - Italy Nationality: Italian Phone: +39 0303501595 E-mail: [email protected]
Today. Concepts. Semantics and Categorization. Functions of Categories. Bruner, Goodnow, & Austin (1956) Rules
Today Concepts Intro Psychology Georgia Tech Instructor: Dr. Bruce Walker Categories Prototypes Networks Imagery Thinking Functions of Categories Reduce complexity Determine appropriate actions Provides
Brains, Ontologies & Virtual Machines
How Minds Work Brains, Ontologies & Virtual Machines Stan Franklin Computer Science Division & Institute for Intelligent Systems The University of Memphis 1 Question: How do minds work? What would an answer
Decoding mental states from brain activity in humans
NEUROIMAGING Decoding mental states from brain activity in humans John-Dylan Haynes* and Geraint Rees Abstract Recent advances in human neuroimaging have shown that it is possible to accurately decode
Appendix 4 Simulation software for neuronal network models
Appendix 4 Simulation software for neuronal network models D.1 Introduction This Appendix describes the Matlab software that has been made available with Cerebral Cortex: Principles of Operation (Rolls
Free software solutions for MEG/EEG source imaging
Free software solutions for MEG/EEG source imaging François Tadel Cognitive Neuroscience & Brain Imaging Lab., CNRS University of Paris - Hôpital de la Salpêtrière Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Inserm U562
fmri 實 驗 設 計 與 統 計 分 析 簡 介 Introduction to fmri Experiment Design & Statistical Analysis
成 功 大 學 心 智 影 像 研 究 中 心 功 能 性 磁 振 造 影 工 作 坊 fmri 實 驗 設 計 與 統 計 分 析 簡 介 Introduction to fmri Experiment Design & Statistical Analysis 陳 德 祐 7/5/2013 成 功 大 學. 國 際 會 議 廳 Primary Reference: Functional Magnetic
NEURO M203 & BIOMED M263 WINTER 2014
NEURO M203 & BIOMED M263 WINTER 2014 MRI Lab 1: Structural and Functional Anatomy During today s lab, you will work with and view the structural and functional imaging data collected from the scanning
Student Academic Learning Services Page 1 of 8 Nervous System Quiz
Student Academic Learning Services Page 1 of 8 Nervous System Quiz 1. The term central nervous system refers to the: A) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
The Visual Cortex 0 http://www.tutis.ca/neuromd/index.htm 20 February 2013
T he Visual Cortex 0 Chapter contents Contents Chapter 2... 0 T he Visual Cortex... 0 Chapter Contents... 1 Introduction... 2 Optic Chiasm... 2 Where do the eye's ganglion cells project to?... 3 To where
PERSPECTIVE. How Top-Down is Visual Perception?
PERSPECTIVE How Top-Down is Visual Perception? featuring new data (VSS Poster): Attentional Cycles in Detecting Simple Events within Complex Displays Sunday PM Poster #36.301, VSS 2014 Thomas Sanocki,
Functions of the Brain
Objectives 0 Participants will be able to identify 4 characteristics of a healthy brain. 0 Participants will be able to state the functions of the brain. 0 Participants will be able to identify 3 types
NeuroMarketing: Where Brain, Science and Market meet
NeuroMarketing: Where Brain, Science and Market meet Relevance Statement: Human Computer Interaction is a field of understanding users and their requirements. Just by understanding their requirements and
Cortical Source Localization of Human Scalp EEG. Kaushik Majumdar Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore Center
Cortical Source Localization of Human Scalp EEG Kaushik Majumdar Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore Center Cortical Basis of Scalp EEG Baillet et al, IEEE Sig Proc Mag, Nov 2001, p 16 Mountcastle,
Measuring and modeling attentional functions
Measuring and modeling attentional functions Søren Kyllingsbæk & Signe Vangkilde Center for Visual Cognition Slide 1 A Neural Theory of Visual Attention Attention at the psychological and neurophysiological
Modeling the Performance of Children on the Attentional Network Test
Modeling the Performance of Children on the Attentional Network Test Fehmida Hussain ([email protected]) Representation and Cognition Group, Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer,
Neural correlates of consciousness
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ISSN 0077-8923 ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Issue: The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience Geraint Rees UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Wellcome Trust Centre for
THE HUMAN BRAIN. observations and foundations
THE HUMAN BRAIN observations and foundations brains versus computers a typical brain contains something like 100 billion miniscule cells called neurons estimates go from about 50 billion to as many as
A Study of Brainwave Entrainment Based on EEG Brain Dynamics
A Study of Brainwave Entrainment Based on EEG Brain Dynamics Tianbao Zhuang School of Educational Technology, Shenyang Normal University Shenyang 110034, China E-mail: [email protected] Hong Zhao Graduate
MICHAEL S. PRATTE CURRICULUM VITAE
MICHAEL S. PRATTE CURRICULUM VITAE Department of Psychology 301 Wilson Hall Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37240 Phone: (573) 864-2531 Email: [email protected] www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/tonglab/web/mike_pratte
Life Interests and Values (LIV) cards
Life Interests and Values (LIV) cards www.liv.org Pictoral support for individuals with restricted communication ability to indicate activities and life participation which is most relevant to them 24
It s All in the Brain!
It s All in the Brain! Presented by: Mari Hubig, M.Ed. 0-3 Outreach Coordinator Educational Resource Center on Deafness What is the Brain? The brain is a muscle In order to grow and flourish, the brain
CURRENT POSITION Brown University, Providence, RI Postdoctoral Research Associate
ERIKA M. NYHUS Brown University, Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Providence, RI 02912 720-352- 3411 [email protected] CURRENT POSITION Brown University, Providence, RI Postdoctoral
ÖZGÜR YILMAZ, Assistant Professor http://ozguryilmazresearch.net
ÖZGÜR YILMAZ, Assistant Professor http://ozguryilmazresearch.net Turgut Ozal University Department of Computer Engineering Gazze cad No:7 Etlik Keçiören Ankara TURKEY +90 312 551 5000 +90 506 726 3200
Brain Power. Counseling and Mental Health
Brain Power Counseling and Mental Health TEA COPYRIGHT Copyright Texas Education Agency, 2012. These Materials are copyrighted and trademarked as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may
2401 : Anatomy/Physiology
Dr. Chris Doumen Week 7 2401 : Anatomy/Physiology The Brain Central Nervous System TextBook Readings Pages 431 through 435 and 463-467 Make use of the figures in your textbook ; a picture is worth a thousand
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sensory Pathway (PNS) OVERVIEW OF SPINAL CORD ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord enclosed in bony coverings Functions of the spinal cord spinal cord reflexes integration ti (summation of inhibitory and excitatory)
Brain Maps The Sensory Homunculus
Brain Maps The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the
BIOLOGY STUDY PACKET THE BRAIN
BIOLOGY STUDY PACKET THE BRAIN SC.912.L.14.26 AA Spring 2012 The intent of this packet is to supplement regular classroom instruction, not to replace it. This also supposes that the students have access
The Brain. What is it? Neurons Glial Cells Connective Tissue Connective Fiber White Matter Grey Matter Cerebro-spinal Fluid
The Brain What is it? Neurons Glial Cells Connective Tissue Connective Fiber White Matter Grey Matter Cerebro-spinal Fluid A More Realistic View When we look at the brain we see mostly the Cerebral Cortex
Prospectus for Recording EEG and ERP in Infants
Prospectus for Recording EEG and ERP in Infants John E. Richards Department of Psychology University of South Carolina Original version, June 1995 Revised version, June 2000 Address: John E. Richards,
EEG COHERENCE AND PHASE DELAYS: COMPARISONS BETWEEN SINGLE REFERENCE, AVERAGE REFERENCE AND CURRENT SOURCE DENSITY
Version 1, June 13, 2004 Rough Draft form We apologize while we prepare the manuscript for publication but the data are valid and the conclusions are fundamental EEG COHERENCE AND PHASE DELAYS: COMPARISONS
BIO130 Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves Lecture Outline
BIO130 Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves Lecture Outline Brain structure 1. Cerebrum Hemispheres: left & right Cerebral cortex Gyri Sulci Fissures Longitudinal fissure Corpus callosum Lobes Central
Auditory memory and cerebral reorganization in post-linguistically deaf adults
Auditory memory and cerebral reorganization in post-linguistically deaf adults Implications for cochlear implantation outcome D Lazard, HJ Lee, E Truy, AL Giraud Ecole Normale Supérieure, Inserm U960,
Review Paper Cognitive Neuroscience and Education: Understanding the Teaching Learning Strategies, Learning Disabilities and Neuromyths
Research Journal of Educational Sciences ISSN 2321-0508 Review Paper Cognitive Neuroscience and Education: Understanding the Teaching Learning Strategies, Learning Disabilities and Neuromyths Abstract
CHAPTER 5 SIGNALLING IN NEURONS
5.1. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION CHAPTER 5 SIGNALLING IN NEURONS One of the main functions of neurons is to communicate with other neurons. An individual neuron may receive information from many different sources.
Brain areas underlying visual mental imagery and visual perception: an fmri study
Cognitive Brain Research 20 (2004) 226 241 Research report Brain areas underlying visual mental imagery and visual perception: an fmri study Giorgio Ganis a,b,c, *, William L. Thompson a, Stephen M. Kosslyn