OPF Based CRM Using Supply Side and Demand Side Management

Transcription

1 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 OPF Based CRM Usn upply de and Demand de Manaement J. reenasulu 1, P.rnasa Varma, V. ankar 3 Assstant Prfessr, Department f EEE, JTUACE, Pulendula, Inda 1 ecturer, Department f EEE, JTUACE, Ananthapuramu, Inda Prfessr, Department f EEE, JTUACE, Ananthapuramu, Inda 3 ABTRACT: Cnestn Relef Manaement (CRM) plays a snfcant rle n Pwer ystems Operatn under dereulated enrnment. In the lterature, nly real Pwer cnstrans are cnsdered, whereas n ths reacte pwer as well as cmplex pwer cnstrants are als cnsdered. In the prpsed methd, Optmal Pwer Flw (OPF) slutn s als cnsdered t btan Cnestn Relef Chare (CRC) n terms f upply de Manaement and Demand de Manaement. Expressns are dered, alrthm s deelped and sftware has been deelped. The results are cmpared wth a sample test system, wth real, reacte, and cmplex pwers. KEYWORD: Cnestn Relef Chare, Demand de Manaement, upply de Manaement, Cnestn Relef Manaement, Ancllary Market (AM). I. ITRODUCTIO Cnestn Relef Manaement s the prcess t ad r relee the cnestn n the transmssn system whch ncludes the cmputatn f Cnestn Relef Chare (CRC) and Ttal Cntract Vlatn (TCV) [1]. But n the dereulatn, cnestn has becme a term n cnjunctn wth pwer systems and cmpettn [3]. The amunt f electrc pwer that can be transmtted between tw lcatns thruh a transmssn netwrk s lmted by securty cnstrants. Pwer flws shuld nt be allwed t ncrease a lmt at whch the netwrk t cllapse due t anular nstablty, ltae nstablty r cascaded utaes. The system s sad t be cnested when such a lmt s reached []. Varus cnestn manaement schemes sutable fr dfferent electrcty market structure hae been reprted n the lterature [4]. When the cnestn happens, Independent ystem Operatr (IO) wll be fully respnsble fr the peratn f Ancllary erce Market (AM) t manae supply and demand sdes [6]. Cnestn Relef Chare functns, Ttal Cntract Vlatns etc. hae been dered and t et back prft n the system. Independent ystem Operatr can allcate the payments t the partcpants n prprtn t the usae f the system [7]. Hweer, frm the lterature, all the abe analyss has been carred ut wth real pwer cnstrants nly, wth n chanes n reacte pwers. In ths paper, reacte pwer cnstrant wth n chane n real pwer s cnsdered. Further, the cmbnatn f the real and reacte pwer chanes keepn the ther unchaned are smultaneusly cnsdered and used as a cnstrant fr cmplex pwer t btan Mnmum CRC, Mnmum Ttal Cntract Vlatn (TCV), and Mnmum Cmprmsed Objecte Functn (COF). Further, three cases are als cnsdered Vz., upply de Manaement (M), upply de and Interruptble ad Manaement (&IM), upply de and Demand de Manaement ( & DM). In ectn II, the mathematcal mdel and alrthm fr the prpsed methd are presented. In ectn III, the descrptn n a case study.e., 6 bus test system s presented. In ectn IV, the smulatn results and analyss are presented. In ectn V, the cnclusns are presented. Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

2 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 II. MATHEMATICA MODE FOR PROPOED METHOD The prcedure fr cnestn relef manaement cnsdern bth reacte and cmplex pwer cnstrants s presented n ths sectn. A. Cnestn Relef wth Reacte Pwer Cnstrants The reacte pwer cnstrants can be ncluded n the bjecte functn fr Cnestn Relef Chare: CRC C( ) C ( )) 1 1 ( ( C ( ) C ( )) (1) O ubjected t: P j 1 mn mn l ( j 1 1,,..., 1,,..., P k j m 1 k )) ss ( 0 j ) j umber f supply sde t partcpate n cnestn relef umber f demand sde t partcpate n cnestn relef MVA flw lmt f a cnested lne between bus- and bus-j ss Reacte pwer lss n branch- Ornal reacte pwer flw n between bus- and bus-j j P j Ornal real pwer flw n between bus- and bus-j Offers f supply sde n MVAR Offers f demand sde n MVAR Cntracted reacte pwer n market m umber f branches n system C ) Incremental r Decremental prce bds submtted by supply sde n AM. ( C ( ) Incremental r Decremental prce bds submtted by demand sde n AM. Mnmzatn f Ttal Cntract Vlatns s the ther bjecte frmulated as: Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

3 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 n 1 () ubjected t: P j 1 mn mn l ( j 1 1,,..., 1,,..., k j m 1 k )) ss ( 0 j ) By cmbnn abe tw Eqns. (1) and (), the Cmprmsed Objecte Functn (COF) s frmulated, t satsfy the bjectes f the IO,.e, mnmze Ttal Cntract Vlatn (TCV) as well as ttal payment pad as CRC [, 7]. ( CRC) [ O] * * ( ) CRC (3) * Mnmum alue f Ttal Cntract Vlatn (CRC)* Mnmum alue f payment Cnestn Relef Chare Functns, whch are submtted by upply and Demand de, are defned as fllws: C ( ) (1 ) MCP where, 1,..., 0 0 : Inc : Dec (4) C ( ) (1 ) MCP where, Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

4 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): ,..., Inc Dec Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern 0 0 Increase n upply/demand Decrease n upply/demand (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) : Dec : Inc Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 T relee the cnestn n the system, hue amunt f mney s needed. The ttal expenses fr relen the cnestn n the system are t be pad by the system partcpants. T et back ths cst ncludn prft, the IO can allcate the payments t the partcpants n prprtn f the partcpant's usae f system and s treated as Market Clearn Prce (MCP) [7]. Ths s frmulated wth reacte pwer cnstrants as: MCP, l1 ( CRC) (5) umber f cnested lne Pwer flw n MVAR n lne allcated t partcpant Max pwer flw n MVAR n lne. Alrthm: 1. Read the nput data.e., branch data, bus data.. Run the AC ptmal pwer flw and cmpute the alues f and. 3. Cmpute MCP usn Eqn. (5). 4. Cnsder the cases f supply sde manaement, supply sde & nterruptble lad manaement and supply sde & demand sde manaement fr cnestn relef. 5. Cmpute CRC, TCV and COF usn Eqns. (1), () and (3) fr the abe cases. 6. tp. B. Cnestn Relef wth Cmplex Pwer Cnstrants The Cmplex pwer cnstrants can be ncluded n the bjecte functn fr Cnestn Relef Chare: CRC ubjected t: C ( ) C ( )) 1 1 ( ( C ( ) C ( )) (6) O 1 1 m 1 ss 0 mn mn l 1,,..., 1,,..., Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

5 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 MVA flw lmt f a cnested lne between bus- and bus-j j ss Reacte pwer lss n branch- Offers f supply sde n MVA Offers f demand sde n MVA Cntracted cmplex pwer n market m umber f branches n system C ) Incremental r Decremental prce bds submtted by supply sde n AM. ( C ( ) Incremental r Decremental prce bds submtted by demand sde n AM. Mnmzatn f Ttal Cntract Vlatns s the ther bjecte frmulated as: n 1 (7) ubjected t: 1 mn mn l 1 1,,..., 1,,..., m 1 ss 0 T satsfy the bjectes f IO, the COF s frmulated by cmbnn equatns (6) and (7) as ( CRC) [ O] * * (8) ( CRC) * Mnmum alue f Ttal Cntract Vlatn (CRC)* Mnmum alue f payment Cnestn Relef Chare Functns, whch are submtted by upply and Demand de, are defned as fllws: C ( ) (1 ) MCP where, Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

6 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 1,..., 0 0 : Dec : Inc As n the case f reacte pwer, IO can allcate the payment t the partcpants n prprtn f the partcpant s usae f the system. mlarly, wth respect t cmplex pwer, the payment allcatn by IO s frmulated as: MCP, l1 ( CRC) (9) umber f cnested lne Pwer flw n MVA n lne allcated t partcpant Max pwer flw n MVA n lne. III. CAE TUDY In ths paper, a sample 6 bus system [5] shwn n F. 1 s used as a case study t llustrate the CRM methdly wth respect t reacte and apparent pwers. F. 1: ample 6 bus system T analyse the CRM usn 6 bus system, three dfferent cases [3] hae been used n ths paper and are knwn as: 1. upply de Manaement (M). upply de and Interruptble ad Manaement (&IM) 3. upply de and Demand de Manaement ( & DM) Wth the abe three cases, n the paper [3] nly real pwer cnestn manaement s used, where as n ths paper, reacte pwer and cmplex pwer cnestn manaements are als btaned and results are cmpared. IV. IMUATIO REUT The smulatn results btaned frm the MATAB prram are presented n ths sectn. Frm the branch reprt btaned usn OPF [5], t s bsered that the lne lmt fr lne 5 (cnnected between buses and 4) has exceeded the mum lmt.e., 114.4%. After CRM prcess wth mnmsed relef csts, the lne lmt s wthn the lmts.e %. Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

7 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 The smulatn results f CRM fr three cases wth respect t real pwer are presented n Table I. Objectes TABE I CRM REUT WITH REPECT TO REA POWER Case1 M Case M & IM Case3 M & DM Mn CRC (Rs.) Mn TCV (MVA) Mn COF The smulatn results f CRM fr three cases wth respect t reacte pwer are presented n Table II. TABE II CRM REUT WITH REPECT TO REACTIVE POWER bjectes Case1 M Case M & IM Case3 M & DM Mn CRC (Rs.) Mn TCV (MW) Mn COF The smulatn results f CRM fr three cases wth respect t cmplex pwer are presented n Table III. TABE III CRM REUT WITH REPECT TO COMPEX POWER Objectes Case1 Case Case3 M M & IM M & DM Mn CRC (Rs.) Mn TCV (MVAR) Mn COF The raphcal representatn f the bjecte functn n case f real pwer s shwn n the belw F.. F. : Objecte functn n case f real pwer Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

8 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 The raphcal representatn f the bjecte functn n case f reacte pwer s shwn n the belw F. 3. F. 3: Objecte functn n case f reacte pwer The raphcal representatn f the bjecte functn n case f cmplex pwer s shwn n the belw F. 4. F. 4: Objecte functn n case f cmplex pwer Frm the abe results, t can be seen that the mnmum cst and mnmum pwer latn requred fr the CRM t mantan the lne 5 lmt wthn the lmt.e., 100%. Frm Table I, t s bsered that, the alue f CRC s less n the case 3.e., Rs mlarly, the alue f TCV s als less n case 3. Hence, t s cncluded that, case 3 prdes the ptmum and mnmum cst fr CRM and mnmum pwer latns wth respect t real pwer amn all the cases. But, n the case f reacte pwer, the case prdes the mnmum cst fr CRM and smlarly n the case f cmplex pwer als. Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee

9 I (Prnt) : I (Onlne): Internatnal Jurnal f Adanced Research n Electrcal, Electrncs and Instrumentatn Enneern (An IO 397: 007 Certfed Oranzatn) Vl. 4, Issue 1, January 015 V. COCUIO The CRM analyss usn dfferent cases s nestated n ths paper. The CRM methdly s llustrated usn 6 bus system and a MATAB prram has been deelped. Frm the results t s cncluded that, the system can relee the cnestn at mnmum cst and mnmum pwer latn wth respect t real pwer by ncludn upply de Manaement and Demand de Manaement. The upply de and Interruptble ad Manaement system prdes the mnmum cst and pwer latn wth respect t reacte and cmplex pwers. REFERECE [1] mt.usha urendra &..Parathasarthy, Cnestn manaement n dereulated pwer sectr usn fuzzy based ptmal lcatn technque fr seres flexble alternate current transmssn system (FACT) dece, Jurnal f Electrcal and Electrncs Enneern Research Vl. 4,. 1, pp. 1-0, Auust 01. [] Deependra nh and K.. Verma, A-based Cnestn Manaement n Dereulated Pwer ystem usn FACT Deces, IEEE, 01. [3] Mhamad H. Mrad, mayeh Dehhan and Hamd R. Fard, Imprn Znal Cnestn Relf Manaement Usn Ecnmcal and Techncal Factrs f the Demand sde, secnd IEEE Internatnal Cnference n Pwer and Enery, pp , Dec [4] A. Kumar,. C. rastaa, and.. nh, A Znal Cnestn Manaement Apprach Usn Real and Reacte Pwer Rescheduln, IEEE Trans. n Pwer ystems, Vl. 19,. 1, February 004, pp [5] Allen J. Wd and Bruce F. Wllenber, Pwer eneratn Operatn and Cntrl, nd edtn, Jhn Wley & ns, 004. [6] e Anh Tuan and Kankar Bhttacharya, Interruptable ad erces fr Transmssn Cnestn Relef, 14th PCC, ella, June 00. [7] Baran Mesut.E, Banunarayanan Venkat, E. arren Kenneth, Equtable Allcatn f Cnestn Relef Cst t transactns, IEEE Trans. n Pwer ystems, Vl. 15,., pp , MAY 000. BIORAPHY J. reenasulu receed hs M. Tech. frm JT Unersty, Anantapur, A. P., Inda, n 009. Currently, he s wrkn as Asst. Prf. n EEE Dept., JTA Cllee f Enneern, Pulendula, A. P., Inda. Hs research nterest s Electrcal Pwer ystems. P. rnasa Varma receed hs M. Tech. frm JT Unersty, Hyderabad, A. P., Inda, n 008. Currently, he s a research schlar f JT Unersty, Anantapur, A. P., Inda. Hs research nterest s Pwer ystem Dereulatn. V. ankar receed hs M. Tech. frm JT Unersty, Hyderabad, A. P., Inda, n 1980 and hs Ph. D. frm I. I. T., Delh, n Currently he s a Prfessr n EEE Dept. and Drectr, Academc & Plannn f JT Unersty, Anantapur, A. P., Inda. Hs research nterests are Pwer ystem Relablty and Electrcal Pwer ystems. Cpyrht t IJAREEIE /jareee