Dept. of Home Management, Sookmyung Women's University. Dept. of Family Resource Management, Sookmyung Women's University

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1 PANEL SESSIONS 4 A Fundamental Survey Study for Model-development of Healthy Family Support Center Dept. of Home Management, Sookmyung Women's University Research Assistant: SoYean Won Dept. of Family Resource Management, Sookmyung Women's University Associate Professor: JinKyung Chang ?. Introduction 1. Study background and the need Today's Korean family is showing increasing amounts of divorces, remarriages, bachelorhood, aged parents, single parents, and working mothers. Korean family is changing also due to increasing numbers of unemployed, people in bad credit, child and aged abuse, disorganization of a family by violence, and decreasing fertility rate. Emerge of various types of family and changes of environment don't necessarily results in family problems. But it is the lack of family function that is making today's family a problem. In case of United States, Sociologists have pointed out that high numbers of divorce and broken family has resulted in ruining children's life. They claimed that It hurt American society in a whole, and more over, it puts the country in a down fall.(kim, seungkwon, 2001;Kim, seungkwon, 2004; Lee, jungjun, 2003) We should listen what the sociologists are saying. Family problems cause by disfunction and breaking of the family is not only a problem of members of family, but the social problem that needs be solved by the society as well. Therefore finding the solution for these matters have become unseparable with the society nor the

2 the private domain. Their welfare policy also emphasized that each individuals should take responsibilitt to themselves in supporting their family, rather than providing policy to help them out. They contradicted themselves by having no positive family welfare policy to solve family problems, when they considered the family as a basic unit needed to stabilize the society and solve its problems. Also the nation's family policy has been all divided into children, teenagers, elders, disabled, and women, which made it difficult to support the family as a whole. Even when they took the family as a whole unit, it was only families extremely in need of care that got a help. The help was still not much as well. Obviously there was no support for the ordinary family that are going through different kinds of problems in this rapidly changing society. Therefore, it had become evident that we need to set the new direction for the current family welfare policy, to correspond to changes of today's family. Also we need to go further than just a welfare for an individual, and provide unified welfare service that covers the family as a unit.(kim sungchun?yoon hemi, 2000; Shin joonsub, 2003; Jang jinkyung, 2004; Jung, minja, 2003; Jo, heekeum?park, misuk, 2004). Following the courses of event, The Healthy Family Act has been established on December, It was established to improve welfare of both family and the society by solving and preventing family problems, and by improving family health. The Healthy Family Act states that all the cities, provinces, and districts around the country to install Healthy Family Support Center, in order to make the act actually works. The goal of Healthy Family Support Center is to operate unified welfare service that centers around the family. It aims to solve family problems effectively, and makes families healthy. To do so, it needs to build the administration and the policy that will establish the system of the family health support center. Successful embodiment of The Healthy Family Act all depends on formation of Healthy Family Support Center which is its practical tool. In that sense, administration model development of Healthy Family Support Center has to be established. It needs to activate appropriate measure to reach its goal effectively. This study will help the

3 2. Purpose of the Study and its range Purpose of this study is to supply basic data for development model of Healthy Family Support Center by researching related academic world and experts on values as operations, structures, and workers, which are established as key figures of Healthy Family Support Center. In order to do so, this study has established study subjects as following: <Subject 1> Do the academic world and field experts acknowledge Healthy Family Support Center? <Subject 2> Do the academic world and field experts feel that Healthy Family Support Center is needed? <Subject 3> what are the opinions of the academic world and field experts on the administration and programs of Healthy Family Support Center? <Subject 3-1> Do opinions on the administration and programs of the family healthy support center differ between the academic world and field experts??. Theoretical background 1. The Healthy Family Act and Healthy Family Support Center 1) The Healthy Family Act Today's Korean family ranks no.1 in low birth rate, and no.2 in early divortion. It's rapidly getting into the state of family disorganization by quickly becoming an aging society, and bankrupcy of family economy caused by IMF. In order to overcome such a crisis and make all the family healthy, The Healthy Family Act was declared in It targeted both poor and ordinary families, and aimed to help solving and treating family problems. The healthy family act is a law that propose various ways and alternatives to regain health of the household where families live in and prevents family problems beforehand. It's the law that institutionalize experts and transmission system needed

4 of family members by restoring function of the family thru family counsel. By doing so, the nation can enhance people's quality of life, control the birth rate to maintain the nation, protect and support the family members with the family support, and effectively reduce social welfare costs by restoring healthy family relationship. It can results in increasing the nation's competitiveness because it includes various ways and educations that can help on family coexistence, stress on raising children, and sharing housework, which can occur when women starts working career.(jung, minja, 2003). In order to embody healthy family, The healthy family act gives responsibility to the nation and the local government. The law states that it must propose a solution to family problems, and establish policy to better the family welfare. Basic directions of the healthy family act are as follows: first of all, strengthening function of the family. Second, development of family potentials, Third, constitution of family communication culture. Forth, satisfy the family needs of many kinds. Fifth, unification of the family and the society. With these ideas as the foundation, it has the goals to maintain healthy family life, maintain and improve the family for interests of the nation. Basic ideas of The healthy family act are shown here in Picture 1. <Picture 1> Basic ideas of the healthy family act Goal Manage healthy family life Family maintenance and improvement Basic directio n Empower the family function Satisfy the family needs of many kinds Development of family potentials Unification of the family and the society Constitution of family communication culture Establish family policy Propose appropriate solutions to family problems Improve welfare of the family members and

5 The healthy family operation is indicated on the chapter 3 of The healthy family act. There are total numbers of 13 Clauses, from Article 21 on family support to Artice 33 on volunteer service. Its specific contents include expanding the family support, strengthening support for raising children, improving welfare for the family unit, imptoving the family health, help to better the family Support, improving family relationships as democratic and equal for both sexes, Improving civil rights for the family unit, Improve the culture of family living, family ceremoney, family volunteers, divorce prevention and support for divorced family, education for the strong family, and supporting service volunteers. Since the healthy family act aims to be the total solution for the family, the healthy family operation is not geared toward each individuals of the family, but concentrate on the family as a unit to protect, secure, and improve the households. Therefore it is a must for the healthy family operation to consider interaction and the relationship between the family members and deliberate the family system and in general. Most important thing is to how to specifically build the operation as creative and effective as possible. Thus proposing alternatives to prevent and solve family problems should be put into first consideration. It is when operation criteria such as counsel and education, and information provider operate as a whole, it can then function to decrease family problems and emergency treatment. So in order to make that happen, not only counsel service to prevent and treat family problems is needed, but related services and education, substitute and support role of the family life, family and social education to establish one's values, social protection and helping to selfsupport, and institutional support to guarantee and protect the family life are also needed(kim, kyungshin?lee, seungmi, 2004). Customized program based on ideals of strong family should be developed to rise distinction and effectiveness between the healthy family operation and the program. It is also needed to take already developed programs and reorganized them effectively.?. Study method

6 To inquire opinions of the field experts on the operation model of Healthy Family Support Center which is the goal of this study, we surveyed experts in home economics, social welfare, and women study academic worlds, and also the workers related to this field. Academic experts were selected from those who have master's degree and majored in home economics, social welfare, and women study, Field experts selected those of who agreed to cooperate on the survey, from home economics related organizations, social welfare facility workers, and women study related organizations. Preliminary inquiry has been done from November 24th to 30th, The main survey was taken between December of year 2004 to January of year Total number of 433 copies were sent by mail. This study used 221 copies of the survey returned by January 15th, excluding 4 copies that wasn't appropriate to use, for the final examination. Survey was taken during the time of pre-operation (June December 2003), thus the recognition on the healthy family operation was low, and it wasn't easy to find the experts related to the healthy family operation. Also related majors such as home economics, social welfare, and women study have shown their differences concerning policy of the healthy family act, which we found as the reason why low numbers of surveys were returned. 2. Measurement method This study is divided into two categories - the administration, and the valuation of the health family support center. the administration category include office regulations, team organization, workers qualification, and the need for installation of administration and consultation committee of the healthy family support center. work qualifications of the healthy family support center heavily depends on what

7 for installation of administration and consultation committee is structured by Likert style 5 points measure, in which the higher number means the committee should be installed. The valuation category includes subject of valuation, reflection of valuation, and index of valuation. The index of valuation is divided into four categories such as organization and administration, worker and finance, program administration, and connecting with local community. It also is structured by Likert style five points measure, in which the higher number means the accordable index should be reflected more. In addition, survey collected survey takers' majors, work place, current position, lecture career, and field career to acknowledge their social and demographic standings. 3. Data process and analysis Data earned through this study was analyzed by SPSS for Window (version 12.0). Frequency and percentage were calculated to grasp social and demographic characteristic of the survey takers, and to research opinions of experts on forming organization, workers qualifications, subject and reflection of valuation of the healthy family support center. Frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation were used in order to find out information reflected on installation of administrative consultation committee and the index of valuation.? 2 and ANOVA were also used to analyze differences between opinions of the academic experts and the field experts.?. Study result and analysis 1. Common characteristics of survey takers As you can see in <table 1>, sex of the survey takers were women dominant, with 37 men(17.1%) and 176 women(81.1%). When it comes to academic background, 133

8 majors(1.4%). The rest not included were 41 of them(18.9%), which of whom mostly majored in paedology and consultant, and there were few law and administration majors. Experts of Home economics and social welfare majors showed about even percentages, but experts of women study majors showed rather low percentages of 1.4%, because of their low numbers of surveys returned. < Table 1> Characteristics of subjects N=217????????? (%) Sex Academic Levels male female no comment year college college graduate graduate school no comment home economics major social welfare women study others academic world work place the field no comment 2.9 position academic world sub-total professor instructor graduate student Center manager, director field executives(director of bureau, chief of department, chief of section, team leader) staff(social welfare workers, center workers, researcher)

9 In work place category, 136 of them were on the field(62.7%), followed by the academic world with 79 of them(36.4%). Their position in academic world were mostly instructors with 44 of them(20.3%), and graduate students came right next to it with 24 of them(11.0%). For those in the field, 88 of them were staff workers(37.8%), and executives followed after it(38 of them, 17.5%). (see <Table 1>). 2. Opinions on the recognition and the need of the healthy family support center installation. Total 38.7% of the survey takers have answered 'I know' on whether they recognized the healthy family support center, and 32.3 of them answered saying 'I know it very well'. So it showed 71% of all survey takers are well aware of the healthy family support center. < Table 2> Recognition of the healthy family support center academic world the field total Know it very well 23(33.3) 44(34.1) 70 (32.3) Know it 30(43.5) 46(35.7) 84 (38.7) Heard of it 12(17.4) 19(14.7) 36 (16.6) Never heard of it 4(5.8) 20(15.5) 26 (12.0) Is the healthy family support center needed whether the healthy family act is established or not?' To this question, 182(83.9%) of them answered 'yes' to it. Only 27 (12.4%) of them answered 'it's no need'. This shows that the survey takers are very positive about installing the healthy family support center.

10 academic world the field total it is needed 64(92.8) 103(79.8) 182 (83.9) it's no need 5(7.2) 20(15.5) 27 (12.4) no comment 6(4.7) 8 (3.7) total 69(100.0) 129(100.0) 217(100.0) The survey threw open question about the reason why the healthy family support center is needed. Most survey takers answered that it's needed 'to prevent family problems.'(25.8%). Some answered that it's needed 'to solve problems of the family disorganization'(11.5%), followed by the answer 'unified welfare service is needed.'(9.7%) < Table 4> Reason for the installation academic world the field total to solve problems of the family disorganization unified welfare service is needed 8(11.6) 16(12.4) 25 (11.5) 5(7.2) 13(10.1) 21 (9.7) prevent family problems 26(37.7) 27(20.9) 56 (25.8) service for the family as a unit is needed support and service is needed for ordinary families 3(4.3.) 8(6.2) 13 (6.0) 3(4.3) 4(3.1) 7 (3.2) The survey asked why the installation of the healthy family support center is not needed, to those of who answered the installation is a no need. Seventeen of them(63%) answered that 'it overlaps with the already operating welfare service, and 8 of them(18.5%) have said that 'social sympathy has not yet been established for the need of the healthy family support center.' It sounds pretty much same with the first answer that

11 one. More numbers of field experts seems to think that the center installation is not needed than that of the academic world experts. < Table 5> Reasons not to install the healthy family support center N=217 academic field total? 2 welfare service overlaps 3(60) 14(70) 17(63) 7.343* social sympathy not established 4(20) 4(14.8) 7.343* no distinctive strategy 2(40) 1(5) 4(14.8) 7.343* no comment 0 1 2(7.4) 7.343* total 5(100.0) 20(100.0) 27(100.0) 7.343* The survey questioned that 'what is the most urgent problem of the center that has to be solved.', and 104 of them(48.8%) answered 'wider society recognition'. 'identity establishment' came next to it from 51 of them(23.9%), followed by 'building the healthy family support center' with 23 entries(10.8%). < Table 6> Most urgent problem the healthy family support center is facing N=217 N(%), academic world field total wider society recognition building the healthy family support center 42(54.5) 62(45.6) 104(48.8) 7(9.1) 16(11.8) 23(10.8) identity establishment 11(14.3) 40(29.4) 51(23.9) educating specialists development and supply of the program 6(7.8) 9(6.6) 15(7.0) 10(13.0) 6(4.4) 16(7.5)

12 system On the question of where should be the healthy family support center built, 68(31.8%) of the academic and the field expressed that 'install in social welfare building.' It was very close with the answer 'build it as the independent facility', which was the opinion by 67 of them(30.8%). other opinions include install it to various places depending on local conditions. < Table 7> Site for the healthy family support center installation N(%) academic field total in colleges 19(27.5) 18(14.0) 41 (18.9) independent facility 25(36.2) 38(29.5) 67 (30.9) inside social welfare building 14(20.3) 50(38.8) 68 (31.3) in district office 9(13.0) 16(12.4) 29 (13.3) others 2(2.9) 7(5.4) 11 (5.1) no comment 1 (.5) 69(100.0) 129(100.0) 217(100.0) Opinions on the operation of the healthy family support center were as follows : 142 of them(67.04%) wanted it to be 'consigned operation, 53 of them(25%) said it should be 'direct operation.', and 'private operation' followed it with 5.7%. < Table 8> Operation system of the healthy family support center N(%) academic field total direct 19(27.5) 29(22.5) 55 (25.3) consigned 41(59.4) 91(70.5) 142 (65.4) private 7(10.1) 4(3.1) 12 (5.5)

13 4. Programs of the healthy family support center Program of the healthy family support center is very important because it is what makes this operation different from other facilities. The survey on the program consisted of education, consultation, culture, examination and research, network, experts cultivation, and collected opinions of academic and field experts on how important each programs are. Opinions of academic and field expert on the importance of the programs are shown in <Table 9>. Overall grades were above 3 points, which is average for Likert measure which the 5 point is a full mark. Most survey takers seemed to think the programs provided are all very important. 'Education program' marked highest points from all five, then 'network operation' and 'consultant program' followed it up. In the case of the education program, 'education for married life'(m=4.70, SD=.536) ranked highest. 'Parents education'(m=4.66, SD=.555) and 'education for mother and daughter in law'(m=4.38, SD=.718) came after. Highest ranked program from the consultant programs was 'husband and wife consultation'(m=4.61, SD=.645). Consultation for raising children'(m=4.53, SD=.682) was next, and 'divorce consultation' followed thereafter. Cultural programs' highest ranked was 'operation on equal rights and family morals'(m=3.99, SD=.837), with 'volunteer service with the family as a unit'(m=3.89, SD=.884) following it up. In the category of Examination and research, 'program development' was the highest with 4.18 marks, followed by 'demand rate and research of the actual condition' with average of 4.06 marks. Three categories of network operation all marked average of Finally, 'Consult specialist cultivation' was the highest ranked from experts cultivation operation. < Table 9> Importance of the healthy family support operation N=217

14 education of marriage preparation education of husband and wife relationship education program consultatio n program cultural program examinatio n and research parents education education of mother and daughter in law relationship education of retirement and declining year preparation Customer education consultation of raising children consultation of husband and wife problems divorce consultation consultation of remarriage problems family law consultation children and teenagers consultation operation of organizing self-help group financial consultation customer consultation spreading and advertizing healthy family ceremony making of rational consumer culture family leisure operation Improving the necessities of life social meetings operation for family relationship volunteer service operation of the family unit operation of equal rights and family morals Program development operation newspaper and book publishing operation development of healthy family model operation demand rate and research of the actual rate networking operation for related local network facilities operation operation of organization and cooperation of local specialists

15 ?. Conclusion and proposition This study researched two sides- administration and valuation, and was meant to be the groundwork for the development of operation model of the healthy family support center according to the healthy family act. Answerers of this research were selected from the ones who have studied in related majors stated on the healthy family act(home economics, social welfare, women study), and the experts who are currently working for the related field. Ratio of the academic and the field were 36.4% and 62.7% each. Most of their academic background was graduate school(61.3%), followed by college graduation(32.3%) After careful research and the examination, the conclusion is as follows : Firstly, 71% of them answered that 'they know' the healthy family support center. It is very high recognition considering the center is still in the process of pre-operation. But since the research was geared toward the experts rather than the public, it is expected public recognition of the center and the act will be lower than the result we have earned. Therefore it is needed to advertise the healthy family act and the healthy family support center more aggressively. The need for the healthy family support center was met with positive answers of 78.0% who have said it is needed. Their biggest reason why for the need of the center was 'to prevent the family problems.' In other side, there were 27 out of 217 who answered that there's no need for the center.(13%). Their reason why the center is not needed included 'overlapping was currently running welfare operations.' Wider society recognition was selected as the most urgent problem the center must take care of, by getting 48.8% of all answers. Secondly, installing the healthy family support center 'in the social welfare building' got support of 68 experts (31.3%) on the question of where should be the center

16 center is installed in the social welfare building, its merit is being able to use already built-in network system. But it will be hard for the center to identify itself as a separate and different entity. On the other hand, if the center is installed as the independent facility it will obviously be easy to identify it self. But independent facilities will cost more money and cause financial problems. Most experts answered that the ideal operation system of the center would be to 'operate it consigned. with 142 of them supporting it (67%). Thirdly, education program ranked highest in selecting important programs operated by the healthy family support center. Among education programs, they were the education of husband and wife relationships and the parents education that ranked on top. This seems to be in same collusion with the answer they've given as to why the center should be installed. The answer was 'it is needed to prevent family problems'. This study was executed during the early operation of the healthy family support center that is the key to operating the healthy family act including solution and prevention of family problems and improvement of family health. This study has significance as the groundwork to specify the operation of the healthy family support center and materialize its operation system. Although it was such a intention for this study, there were couple of limitations this study had suffered. So I'd like to make following proposition to make further study possible. First, this study was executed during the time of pre-operation (June December 2004). There were less numbers of staff working for the center because it was yet being pre-operated. It made hard to reflect opinions workers who are actually in charge of the operation. The study on the workers of the healthy family support center would help to discover distinction and originality of the center, grasp the need of the center consumers, and help to narrow down the differences between the academic and the field experts who study the healthy family operations. Secondly, only 221 copies out of 443 copies of the survey sent were returned, marking return rate of 50 percent. Out of all healthy family operation related majors such as home economics, social welfare, and women study, women study majors and

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