Solar Desalination Using Distillation

Transcription

1 Solar Desalination Solar Desalination Using Distillation S&T August Proposal 28, 2015 No San Diego, CA USA Mitch Haws Project Manager Water Agreements Planner Program Development Division Phoenix Area Office Mitch Haws Water Agreements Planner Program Development Division Phoenix Area Office

2 Research Questions Are there opportunities to use renewable energy and advanced water treatment systems to develop water sources which are currently unusable, such as high TDS or of marginal quality? Are there opportunities to package solar photovoltaic and thermal energy systems to provide electricity and heat to support advanced water treatment systems? Can renewable energy and advance water treatment systems be combined to meet a substantial part of the water and energy budget for a regional demand where limited or no access to conventional water and power systems exist?

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4 Membrane Distillation

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6 SW Navajo Rural Water Study PROBLEMS 30% of population haul potable water and they haul fuel for electrical power demand Little access to conventional water supply and power grid Economically depressed region Water haulers pay an estimated 15 times more for their water and power services. Water users are accessing impaired water Persistent drought in the study area has reduced available water supplies

7 Solar Desalination Pilot Project

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47 Solar Desalination Flow Schematic

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53 SOLAR DESALINATION USING DISTILLATION on the NAVAJO NATION INTRODUCTION The Navajo Nation s low population density coupled with water scarcity and water impairment makes access to adequate water supply a daunting challenge. A large portion of the population relies primarily on groundwater which is often in deep aquifers and of brackish quality. Consequently, a large fraction of the population hauls water from remote wells at high costs. In addition, lack of grid delivered electricity in many areas further complicates delivery of basic water and power services. This project is using solar power and heat coupled with a membrane distillation technology to supply both livestock and potentially potable water to small remote population clusters on the Southwestern Navajo Nation. OBJECTIVE The Bureau of Reclamation in collaboration with the University of Arizona (UofA), Grand Canyon Trust, and the Navajo Nation have been researching and deploying an autonomous (off grid) system to pump and treat brackish groundwater using solar energy and advanced water treatment. A proof of concept produced at the UofA and is now deployed to the Navajo Nation Leupp research site as an applied research project. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Ardeth Barnhart, Renewable Energy Network (UAREN); Wendell Ela, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Arizona Mitchell Haws, Kevin Black, Henry Corretjer; Phoenix Area Office Bureau of Reclamation PROGRESS Navajo well 5T 529 near Leupp, Arizona was determined to be the candidate well. The site and well were characterized and a design was developed for a test facility. The test facility was constructed and the solar powered pumping system was installed into the well 375 feet below ground surface. The Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid System (CPVTHS) was installed, tested, and is now operational at the site. The Membrane Distillation (MD) system has been installed and data collection and optimization is now underway (Winter 2015). Figure 4. Membrane Distillation system racks. (Courtesy of Dan Serwon) Figure 5. Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid System (CPVTHS). (Courtesy of Mitch Haws) Figure 1. The Navajo Nation covers 27,000 square miles including parts of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. ( Figure 3. Sampling waters from well 5T 529 near Leupp, Arizona. (Courtesy of Mitch Haws) Figure 2. View of the well site located near Leupp, Arizona. (Courtesy of Mitch Haws) 517 Bidahochi 583 Lower Greasewood 522 Dilkon 529 Leupp ph ORP, mv TDS (calc), mg/l TOC, mg/l as C Alkalinity as CaCO Cl, mg/l SO 2 4, mg/l NO 3, mg/l avg Na +, mg/l avg Ca 2+, mg/l avg Mg 2+, mg/l avg Fe, mg/l U, mg/l avg Si, mg/l As, mg/l Table 1. Groundwater Quality Survey. Much of the groundwater in the Navajo Nation is brackish with TDS values above the Secondary drinking water standard of 500 mg/l.. Other contaminate above the standards are found in some well which includes nitrate, arsenic, uranium and iron. Figure 6. Solar Desalination test facility. (Courtesy of Mitch Haws) PROJECT PARTNERS Figure 7. Well Site 5T 529 system operation schematic. (Courtesy of Mitch Haws)

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57 Partners Navajo Nation University of Arizona Grand Canyon Trust Phoenix Area Office - Native American Affairs Office Provo Area Office Reclamation s Office of Research

58 Mitch Haws Water Agreements Planner Program Development Division Phoenix Area Office Questions?