Location Conditions and Location Factors. Presentation by Jelena Jeknic and Florian Winkler
|
|
- Noah Sullivan
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Location Conditions and Location Factors Presentation by Jelena Jeknic and Florian Winkler
2 Why study industry locations Very important role in economic growth Important for understanding local, regional and national economic development policies Highly uneven geographical distribution of manufacturing activity Reasons for industrial locations are complex Therefore we need different approaches to collectively try to interpret industry locations
3 3 main theoretical approaches in studying industrial locations As location is a part of an investment decision made by individual firms, any theoretical explanation of location must invoke a theory of the firm Neoclassical Behavioral Institutional / Managerial FIRM>Assembles materials and services in factories in order to add value by the application of factors of production (labor, land, capital and entrepreneurship)
4 Characteristics Neoclassical Behavioral Institutional Decision-making type ECONOMIC PERSON SATISFICER PERSON MANAGERS, TECHNOSTRUCTURE Decision-making capability PERFECT RATIONALITY BOUNDED RATIONALITY (limited info) STRATEGY & STRUCTURE POWER Goals MIN COSTS & MAX PROFITS ASPIRATION LEVELS OR BETTER GROWTH, SECURITY & PROFIT Theory of competition PERFECT AND FAIR PERFECT? AND FAIR? MONOPOLISTIC (UNFAIR) Nature of economic landscape COST & REVENU SURFACE INFO/ACTION SPACE BIG BUSINESS, BIG LABOR, BIG GOVERNMENT Nature of economic relationships ARMS LENGHT INFO FLOWS (mental maps) BARGAININIG, COLLUSION & PERSUATION Location decisionmaking AUTOMATIC, INSTANTANEOUS LEARNING PROCESS BARGAINING PROCESS Location change (long run) ADAPT/ADOPT TO ECONOMIC FORCES LEARN, ADAPT TO ECONOMIC FORCES POLITICAL ECONOMY & TECHNOLOGY
5 Location conditions - location factors Synonyms Distinction (Nishioka & Krumme, 1973) Location conditions are the differences among locations that exist for all industries, while location factors refer to the specific importance that is attached to such differences by individual firms when choosing locations for specific factories.
6 Typology of location conditions There are 11 broad categories of location conditions that are recognized: 1. Transportation facilities 2. Materials 3. Markets 4. Labor 5. External economies of scale 6. Energy 7. Community infrastructure 8. Capital 9. Land / Buildings 10. Environment 11. Government policy
7 Complexity of location conditions Each location condition has its tangible and intangible (non-tangible) features This distinction between tangible and non-tangible is based on ease of quantification in terms of costs E.g. in case of labor, locations vary in terms of different characteristics tangible: wages, hiring costs, etc. and nontangible: attitudes, unionization, skills So location conditions are hard to measure Tangible cost-based factors interval scales Intangible factors ordinal or nominal scale Ceteris paribus Various categories of location are not mutually exclusive Tangible that can be clearly seen to exist, that you can touch and feel
8 Transportation, materials & markets All manufacturing activities use transport services to access inputs and distribute outputs which are highly unevenly distributed; locations vary in terms of accessibility to materials and markets Freight/cargo rates, transportation costs, Intangible: transfer costs, which all have tangible (measurable) nature are connecting these 3 conditions They are determined by distance, the physical characteristics of the goods (weight, size, quantity, perish ability), the value of goods, the mode of transportation (e.g. road, rail, air, pipeline, water), the existence of competition, back-haul possibilities. Transfer costs include both direct (above mentioned) and indirect cost (insurance, interest charges on capital costs of materials and goods, losses resulting from damage in transit). Production costs Servicing costs, market potential Frequency, speed and reliability of the distribution system (suppliers, distributors), the need to provide fast and reliable servicing requirements Security, quality Personal contacts, tastes, rivals
9 Labor All manufacturing activities include labor Tangible: Labor costs wages, non-wage benefits (medical plans, unemployment insurance, vacation time and pay, pension schemas), hiring and training costs Intangible: Attitude, willingness to work Gender, ethnicity, The degree/level of unionization, Skills and productivity (influence of technological development) Type, turnover, availability Vary by industry, union and nonunion sector, gender and location
10 External economies of scale Urbanization advantages/disadvantages of locating in larger rather than smaller city Intangible: - & + externalities unintended consequences of decisions by firms on other firms (positive: access to larger labor polls and access to wider range of business services, etc. negative: crime, pollution ) Localization advantages/disadvantages of locating among the concentration of firms in the same and related industries industrial districts Intangible: labor skills (low recruitment, turnover and training costs), information sharing (compete and co-operate in sharing info on markets and technology), common services (marketing, research and development ), established reputation for goods (lower costs)
11 Energy Before Industrial Revolution an important locative condition Tangible Intangible COSTS a. Water power b. Steam power c. Coal d. Electrical power e. Oil f. Nuclear power g. Hydropower sites RELIABILITY DIVERSITY The general tendency for energy to decline as a location condition
12 Community infrastructure and amenity All manufacturing activities require access to community infrastructure, both EOC and SOC EOC economic overhead capital: roads, railways, port facilities, power lines, service facilities SOC social overhead capital: schools, universities, hospitals, libraries More sophisticated community amenities regarding health, recreation, aesthetics in advanced countries these amenities are to become significant location condition in relation to abilities to hire skilled professionals and workers. Tangible: Capital costs Taxes Intangible: Quality Amenity is a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in. Infrastructure is enormously expensive to build. Diversity
13 Physical (fixed) capital Buildings and equipment Tangible: Capital These costs are measured in construction costs and design costs (strongly affected by site characteristics), rents Intangible: Availability, lay-out age Financial capital Highly mobile Interest rates vary by location Tangible: Borrowing costs Intangible: Availability
14 Land Tangible: costs (varies considerably within as well among countries, highest cost are recorded in larger metropolitan areas) Intangible: size, shape, design, access, services (whether or not they are serviced), lay-out, availability.
15 Environment Spatial variations in environmental amenities Emerging role of environmental amenities as accessibility to various outdoor recreational pursuits (hunting, fishing, hiking, golfing, sailing, diving, mountaineering ) and the reliability of nice, warm, sunny weather Intangible working preferences Spatial variations in environmental policies and regulations In recent years there has been growing interest in the role of environment regulations especially with the respect to air and water pollution Tangible locationally variable costs varying among industries, taxes Intangible local attitudes (concerns, laws - maintaining aesthetics, quality of life, spiritual values)
16 Government policy Wide variety of ways how government influences the nature of local conditions; 3 types of policies by Watts (1987): Explicit by national and supranational governments which seek to stimulate industrialization in specific regions (incentives: grants, income tax breaks, low-interest loans, subsidies) Implicit primarily national terms (trade and tariffs policies, defense policies) Derived spatial policies whenever regional and local governments pursue different industrial policies local business climate Tangible: incentives, penalties, taxes Intangible: attitude, stability, business climate
17 What industry seeks in places Important factors vary by: produced product personal values organization-specific constraints Many different surveys, varying geographical (scale/national context) number of firms interviewed particular and general surveys different factors
18 The product cycle model I
19 The product cycle model II Over the product cycle the best location shifts from high- to low-wage countries. Critics: in reality product cycles take on many different forms increasingly rapid product cycles and increasing automation of late-stage processes are reducing the attractiveness of dispersal to poor countries oversimplifies the range of location factors affecting branch plants
20 Location Single-plant firms: normally all units at one location Often the city where the owner grew up (center of life) Multi-plant firms: normally separation of the different units
21 Head-office location factors Major metropolitan centers: downtown cores or central business districts Important factors: 1. business contacts (e.g. suppliers) 2. availability and quality of office space [ ] 3. prestige 4. available amenities 5. rental costs 6. availability of labor
22 R&D location factors Important factors for management: 1. environmental quality / quality of public education 3. community business attitudes / availability of professionals 5. major airport 6. university / cost of housing Important factors for employees: 1. cost of housing 2. environmental quality 3. recreational opportunities
23 High-Tech location factors Different surveys with different results, most important: labor skills + availability home of founder academic institutions (more important in surveys if university is near!) access to markets and suppliers
24 Branch plants location factors Essential or important for 70% + > Labor climate Availability of semi and unskilled labor Extent of labor unionisation Labor costs Labor productivity Community attitude towards industry Suitability of motor freight service Suitability of access roads and highways Suitability of electrical service Room for expansion
25 Factory closure factors Cessation closure: quit the production of one product Selective closure: close one or more factories which produce this product, but also keep one or more open Important factors for selective closures: site features number of activities on site age of the building labor relations size of the site low labor productivity
26 Conclusion Many factors which influence factory locations Many of these factors are of a subjective nature The product cycle model does over-simplify Labor costs are important, but aren t nearly the only factor 2 firms located in the same area, can be there because of different motivations
Wells Fargo Hands on Banking & CEE National Content Standards Alignment
Standard 1: Scarcity Productive resources are limited. Therefore, people can not have all the goods and services they want; as a result, they must choose some things and give up others. Section 1 Savings
More informationThe three most important things in retailing are location, location and location.
Location Introduction Most business studies textbooks can t resist starting a section on business location with the following phrase: The three most important things in retailing are location, location
More informationAP Human Geography 2004 Scoring Guidelines
AP Human Geography 2004 Scoring Guidelines The materials included in these files are intended for noncommercial use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be
More informationLEHIGH VALLEY COME HERE. GROW HERE. START HERE. www.lehighvalley.org
LEHIGH VALLEY COME HERE. GROW HERE. START HERE. www.lehighvalley.org NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED FOR GROWTH 2008-2014: LEHIGH VALLEY RANKS IN THE TOP 10 BEST-PERFORMING REGIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE
More informationRe: Draft Environmental Impact Statement & Growth and Equity Analysis for the Seattle Comprehensive Plan Update
June 18, 2015 City of Seattle Department of Planning and Development Attn: Gordon Clowers 700 5th Avenue, Suite 2000 PO Box 34019 Seattle, WA 98124 Re: Draft Environmental Impact Statement & Growth and
More informationCopyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 1
1 Building Blocks of Managerial Accounting CHAPTER 2 2 Distinguish among service, merchandising, and manufacturing companies OBJECTIVE 1 3 Service Companies Provide an intangible service only Largest sector
More informationStrategy for 2012 to 2015. An active player from rural areas to the metropolis
Strategy for 2012 to 2015 ELY Centre for An active player from rural areas to the metropolis Well-being and impact through cooperation network The operating environment of the Centre for Economic Development,
More informationVisitor information and visitor management
Visitor information and visitor management 178 Characteristics and Use Patterns of Visitors to Dispersed Areas of Urban National Forests Donald B.K. English 1, Susan M. Kocis 2 and Stanley J. Zarnoch 3
More informationAsset Management Strategy (2013-2016)
1.0 Aim 1.1 The aim of this strategy is to ensure that the identified objectives are managed towards successful implementation within the timescales identified. It will ensure that subsequent policies
More informationChapter 11. Keynesianism: The Macroeconomics of Wage and Price Rigidity. 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved
Chapter 11 Keynesianism: The Macroeconomics of Wage and Price Rigidity Chapter Outline Real-Wage Rigidity Price Stickiness Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the Keynesian Model The Keynesian Theory of Business
More informationAP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 Industrial location models are used to explain geographic patterns of economic activity. The maps above show automobile factories built before and
More informationEconomics. Social Studies Curriculum Framework. Revised 2006 Amended June 2009
Economics Social Studies Curriculum Framework Revised 2006 Course Title: Economics Course/Unit Credit: 0.5 Course Number: 4743000 Teacher Licensure: Please refer to the Course Code Management System (https://adedata.arkansas.gov/ccms/)
More informationTable of GRI indicators
2013 Sustainability Report > Table of GRI indicators Table of GRI indicators The following table of GRI-G3.1 indicators includes a brief description of each, reference to the page in the 2013 Sustainability
More informationIowa Smart Planning. Legislative Guide March 2011
Iowa Smart Planning Legislative Guide March 2011 Rebuild Iowa Office Wallace State Office Building 529 East 9 th St Des Moines, IA 50319 515-242-5004 www.rio.iowa.gov Iowa Smart Planning Legislation The
More informationDo you have difficulty making purchasing decisions? Have you ever wished you could figure out how to decide more easily?
Portable Skills Handout #1 Conducting a Cost Benefit Analysis Do you have difficulty making purchasing decisions? Have you ever wished you could figure out how to decide more easily? Some decisions, such
More informationMaster of Arts in Employment and Labor Relations (MAELR) http://www.clas.wayne.edu/maelr/ Labor @ Wayne
Master of Arts in Employment and Labor Relations (MAELR) http://www.clas.wayne.edu/maelr/ Labor @ Wayne Director, Dr. Marick Masters Academic Advisors: Frank Koscielski/ ac2668@wayne.edu Linda J. Johnson/
More informationLabor Market Policies, Development and Growth
Labor Market Policies, Development and Growth William T. Dickens and Vania Stavrakeva Discussion by Jan Svejnar Washington DC October 2007 Overall Assessment Nice, polished study Important issue New approach
More informationCOST & BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS
COST & BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/managerial_economics/cost_and_breakeven_analysis.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com In managerial economics another area which is of great importance
More informationName Eco200: Practice Test 1 Covering Chapters 10 through 15
Name Eco200: Practice Test 1 Covering Chapters 10 through 15 1. Many observers believe that the levels of pollution in our society are too high. a. If society wishes to reduce overall pollution by a certain
More informationRegional Economic Development Planning Initiatives
Regional Economic Development Planning Initiatives presented to Florida Department of Economic Opportunity Strategic Plan Regional Stakeholder Forum presented by Avera Wynne Planning Director Tampa Bay
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION...1 Purpose of a Comprehensive Plan...1 McKenzie County Comprehensive Plan...1 Definitions...2 Goal...2 Vision...
MCKENZIE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...1 Purpose of a Comprehensive Plan...1 McKenzie County Comprehensive Plan...1 Definitions...2 Goal....2 Vision...3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT...4
More informationCourse Outline SS212 Economy of Micronesia
Course Outline SS212 Economy of Micronesia Course Description This course is an in-depth exploration of the FSM economy with an emphasis placed on the development of a broad knowledge base as well as the
More informationSection D: Logistics. 2008 APICS All rights reserved. 2-141 Version 1.4 Draft 2
This section is designed to Define logistics and explain its relationship to supply chain strategy Describe the interrelationship of the various logistics functions Define warehousing and sketch a brief
More informationBachelor's Degree in Business Administration and Master's Degree course description
Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration and Master's Degree course description Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration Department s Compulsory Requirements Course Description (402102) Principles
More informationStandard 14: produce a long-term financial plan to support strategy and measures, implementation, further data development, and analyses.
Standard 14: produce a long-term financial plan to support strategy and measures, implementation, further data development, and analyses. [plan] Rationale Long-term conservation requires sufficient resources
More informationGoals & Objectives. Chapter 9. Transportation
Goals & Objectives Chapter 9 Transportation Transportation MISSION STATEMENT: TO PROVIDE A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK CAPABLE OF MOVING PEOPLE AND GOODS EFFICIENTLY AND SAFELY. T he transportation system
More informationMEASURING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS
Economic Development Research Group April 1997 MEASURING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS GLEN WEISBROD, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH GROUP BURTON WEISBROD, ECONOMICS DEPT., NORTHWESTERN UNIV.
More informationHow changing supply chains impacts location choices
Corporate Real Estate Journal Volume 4 Number 3 How changing supply chains impacts location choices René Buck Received (in revised form): 13th January, 2015 Buck Consultants International, P.O. Box 1456,
More informationFind job and training opportunities at SteadyGrowth.ca
3 4 Find job and training opportunities at SteadyGrowth.ca 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Manitoba Trades What you do Program Entry Requirements Years to Complete Program Where the Jobs are Minimum Wages Apprentice
More informationNominal Asset Land Valuation Technique by GIS
Nominal Asset Land Valuation Technique by GIS Tahsin YOMRALIOGLU and Recep NISANCI, Turkey Keywords: Land Valuation, Nominal Asset, GIS SUMMARY Land valuation is the process of assessing the characteristics
More informationCITY OF SAN JOSE 2015-2016 PROPOSED OPERATING BUDGET FUND DESCRIPTIONS
Airport Capital s CITY OF SAN JOSE These Enterprise s account for the Airport s capital expenditures and revenues and consist of the following: Airport Capital Improvement ; Airport Revenue Bond Improvement
More informationadministrative subdivisions of the counties and are not counted as separate governments in census statistics on governments. IOWA
IOWA Iowa ranks 17th among the states in number of local governments with 1,954 as of October 2007. COUNTY GOVERNMENTS (99) There are no areas in Iowa lacking county government. The county governing body
More informationDATA VISUALIZATION GABRIEL PARODI STUDY MATERIAL: PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AN INTRODUCTORY TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 7
DATA VISUALIZATION GABRIEL PARODI STUDY MATERIAL: PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AN INTRODUCTORY TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 7 Contents GIS and maps The visualization process Visualization and strategies
More informationAP Human Geography 2013 Scoring Guidelines
AP Human Geography 2013 Scoring Guidelines The College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900,
More informationExport Business Plan Guide
Export Business Plan Guide Table of Contents Introduction... 4 SECTION 01: CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS... 5 Company Overview... 5 Availability of Resources... 6 SWOT Analysis... 9 SECTION 02: MARKET ANALYSIS...
More informationUSERS USERS. Inf. Officer STORTE. Catalogue Sale & Marketing. Goods. RESEARCH Report & Publication Library INDUSTRY. D O C U M E N T A T I O n
MARKETING OF INFORMATION By Ms. Preeti Patel Lecturer School of Library And Information Science DAVV, Indore Email: preetipatel2407@yahoo.co.in MARKETING OF INFORMATION Information Industry Marketing of
More information6.0 Market Research Implications for Policy Plan
6.0 Market Research Implications for Policy Plan This section provides some thoughts as to how the market research findings might influence the policy plan. In the subsections below, we have reflected
More informationReview 3. Table 14-2. The following table presents cost and revenue information for Soper s Port Vineyard.
Review 3 Chapters 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 are included in Midterm 3. There will be 40-45 questions. Most of the questions will be definitional, make sure you read the text carefully. Table 14-2 The following
More information- centred on human factors (ie. ergonomics, desire to have a new computer system) - Are there unused computer terminals in the company now?
Feasibility and Cost-Benefit Analysis Feasibility Operational Feasibility - centred on human factors (ie. ergonomics, desire to have a new computer system) - Is the problem worth solving? - How do the
More informationCitizen Suit Provisions. Restoring Hazardous Landscapes! Science, Justice, and Law! Declaration of National Environmental Policy
Declaration of National Environmental Policy Restoring Hazardous Landscapes! Science, Justice, and Law! Professor John Wargo! PLSC 215b/EVST 255b Environmental Politics and Law Lecture 7: February 4, 2010
More informationEstimating the Effects of Spending
Economic Impacts of Protecting Rivers, Trails, and Greenway Corridors Estimating the Effects of Spending Contents Page Direct, Indirect, and Induced Effects 6-3 Multipliers 6-5 Economic Impact Models 6-7
More informationComprehensive Business Budgeting
Management Accounting 137 Comprehensive Business Budgeting Goals and Objectives Profit planning, commonly called master budgeting or comprehensive business budgeting, is one of the more important techniques
More informationGENERAL INFORMATION FORM -- AUTHORIZATION APPLICATION NAICS CODES GENERAL INFORMATION
GIF CODES COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION GENERAL INFORMATION FORM -- AUTHORIZATION APPLICATION NAICS CODES GENERAL INFORMATION The United States has a new industry
More informationAccessibility and Residential Land Values: Some Tests with New Measures
Accessibility and Residential Land Values: Some Tests with New Measures University Autonoma of Barcelona July 2010 Genevieve Giuliano Peter Gordon Qisheng Pan Jiyoung Park Presentation Outline Purpose
More informationThe Town of Fort Frances POLICY SECTION ACCOUNTING FOR TANGIBLE CAPITAL ASSETS. ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE NEW: May 2009 1. PURPOSE: 2.
The Town of Fort Frances ACCOUNTING FOR TANGIBLE CAPITAL ASSETS SECTION ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE NEW: May 2009 REVISED: POLICY Resolution Number: 05/09 Consent 156 Policy Number: 1.18 PAGE 1 of 11 Supercedes
More informationChapter 9. Plant Assets. Determining the Cost of Plant Assets
Chapter 9 Plant Assets Plant Assets are also called fixed assets; property, plant and equipment; plant and equipment; long-term assets; operational assets; and long-lived assets. They are characterized
More informationDefinition of a Lease
October 2015 Leases Project Update Definition of a Lease Project background The IASB and the FASB (the Boards) are working together to improve the accounting for leases. The Boards have concluded that
More informationCourse Syllabus/Content Diploma in Business Management
Revised Modules Course Syllabus/Content Diploma in Business Management Contact hours Contact hours (Part-Time) Assessment Introduction to Management 60 40 Assignment & Written Principles of Marketing 60
More informationAgricultural ECONOMICS. The Use of Multipliers in Economic Impact Estimates
EC-686 $1.00 Agricultural ECONOMICS Community Development The Use of Multipliers in Economic Impact Estimates David Broomhall Extension Economist Introduction In many communities across America local officials
More informationBusiness Plan. Your Business Name
Business Plan Your Business Name Owners Address City, ST ZIP Code Telephone Fax E-Mail Date: Page 2 II. Executive Summary Write this section last. We suggest that you make it one page long; two pages max.
More informationUSDA RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Objective. RBS Business and Industry Guaranteed Loan Program. What do we do? Who are we? RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RURAL DEVELOPMENT Creating New Opportunities for Rural America USDA RURAL DEVELOPMENT RBS - Rural Business-Cooperative Service RHS - Rural Housing Service RUS - Rural Utilities Service Visit us at www.rurdev.usda.gov/ca
More informationPotential GDP and Economic Growth
Potential GDP and Economic Growth CHAPTER17 C H A P T E R C H E C K L I S T When you have completed your study of this chapter, you will be able to 1 Explain the forces that determine potential GDP and
More informationTHIRD EDITION. ECONOMICS and. MICROECONOMICS Paul Krugman Robin Wells. Chapter 19. Factor Markets and Distribution of Income
THIRD EDITION ECONOMICS and MICROECONOMICS Paul Krugman Robin Wells Chapter 19 Factor Markets and Distribution of Income WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER How factors of production resources like land,
More informationWASSCE / WAEC ECONOMICS SYLLABUS
WASSCE / WAEC ECONOMICS SYLLABUS WWW.LARNEDU.COM Visit www.larnedu.com for WASSCE / WAEC syllabus on different subjects and more great stuff to help you ace the WASSCE in flying colours. PREAMBLE This
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND
THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND FIRST SEMESTER, 2013 Campus: City ECONOMICS Business Economics (Time Allowed: THREE hours) NOTE: Answer ALL questions Total marks = 100 PRACTICE PAPER ONLY This is a practice
More informationSaving You Money BY FRED ODE
Saving You Money BY FRED ODE Saving You Money If you have ever worked on a project for or funded by the federal government, chances are you've had to work within the constraints of the Davis-Bacon Act,
More informationESTIMATION OF PROJECT COSTS AND BENEFITS
SESSION 2.1 ESTIMATION OF PROJECT COSTS AND BENEFITS Introductory Course on Economic Analysis of Investment Projects Economics and Research Department (ERD) 2 Project Statements Comparison of costs and
More information1. If net capital outflow is positive, then: A. exports must be positive. B. exports must be negative.
1. If net capital outflow is positive, then: A. exports must be positive. B. exports must be negative. C. the trade balance mustbe positive. D. the trade balance mustbe negative. 2. In a small open economy,
More informationECONOMIC GROWTH* Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 5 MEASURING GDP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH* Key Concepts Gross Domestic Product Gross domestic product, GDP, is the market value of all the final goods and services produced within in a country in a given
More informationNATIONAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN (2003-2012)
NATIONAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN (2003-2012) Science and technologies are developing very fast. That s why we in Azerbaijan
More informationCE2451 Engineering Economics & Cost Analysis. Objectives of this course
CE2451 Engineering Economics & Cost Analysis Dr. M. Selvakumar Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Objectives of this course The main objective of
More informationJob Opportunities in Political Science
Job Opportunities in Political Science Political science graduates do well on the job market, with a degree that has the needed flexibility and skills for a rapidly and ever-changing economy. Below we
More informationBUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATE MANUFACTURING
BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATE MANUFACTURING COVER SHEET (This highlights how you can be contacted. numbers and email addresses listed are operational.) Ensure that telephone 1. Identify the Business 2. Identify
More informationLAW OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM A free market, if out of equilibrium, tends toward equilibrium.
LAW OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM A free market, if out of equilibrium, tends toward equilibrium. Free market = one in which prices and quantities are set by bargaining between fully informed buyers and sellers
More informationBusiness Finance: Will I Make a Profit?
By: Michael Brown Business Finance: Will I Make a Profit? FOCUS: Overview: Students analyze the financial information from two business plans to learn how revenues can be increased or costs decreased in
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question on the accompanying scantron.
Principles of Microeconomics Fall 2007, Quiz #6 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question on the accompanying scantron. 1) A monopoly is
More informationList of Services Sector
List of Services Sector SERVICES SECTOR ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM & AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY Electric power generation, transmission and distribution Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through
More informationStrategy and Strategic Planning: Learning from Commercial Fisher Small Businesses Eric Perez MBusResearch, USC, BCom, GU, BBehSc, GU
Strategy and Strategic Planning: Learning from Commercial Fisher Small Businesses Eric Perez MBusResearch, USC, BCom, GU, BBehSc, GU Executive Officer Queensland Seafood Industry Association Good strategy
More informationCreating and Retaining Sustainable Good Green Jobs
RESOLUTION 10 Creating and Retaining Sustainable Good Green Jobs Submitted by the Executive Council Referred to the Legislation and Policy Committee ADDRESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, protecting our environment
More informationHelping You With Your Home Purchase
Financing Organizing your finances is the critical first step in your home purchase > Consider the one-time costs associated with a home purchase, including a down payment, legal fees, inspection fees,
More informationCompetitive Advantage of Libyan Business Environment
Economics World, ISSN 23287144 May 2014, Vol. 2, No. 5, 325332 D DAVID PUBLISHING Competitive Advantage of Libyan Business Environment Salem Abdulla Azzaytuna University, Tripoli, Libya The economic development
More informationEcon 137 Urban Economics Lecture Notes III
Econ 137 Urban Economics Lecture Notes III Guillermo Ordonez, UCLA Questions for Lecture Notes III Is there a land use pattern? What is it like? What determines the price of land? What determines the pattern
More information20, 1994. Service on Feb. 20, 1994.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Cooperative Service Agricultural Marketing Service Agricultural Research Service Agricultural Stabilization & Conservation Service Animal & Plant Health Inspection
More informationSchedule to Regulation PR No. 30/53
Schedule to Regulation PR No. 30/53 Rules for the Determination of Cost Prices Contents Page I. General 5 1. Scope 5 2. Contractor's Accounting System 5 3. Declaration by the Contractor 5 II. Determination
More informationThe fact is that 90% of business strategies are not implemented through operations as intended. Overview
Overview It is important to recognize that a company s network determines its supply chain efficiency and customer satisfaction. Designing an optimal supply chain network means the network must be able
More informationDo I Have What it Takes to be an Entrepreneur and Is My Community Ready? Teacher s Guide
Do I Have What it Takes to be an Entrepreneur and Is My Community Ready? Teacher s Guide Introduction: This lesson introduces the concept of entrepreneurship and its depth and breadth in a region. According
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS. 1. Jobs, an urgent challenge. 2. Opportunities for job creation
CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 1. Jobs, an urgent challenge The world is facing an enormous jobs challenge, a challenge that is twofold. First, 600 million jobs must be created by 2020. Second,
More information2010 Salida Community Priorities Survey Summary Results
SURVEY BACKGROUND The 2010 Salida Community Priorities Survey was distributed in September in an effort to obtain feedback about the level of support for various priorities identified in the draft Comprehensive
More informationFBLA: ECONOMICS. Competency: Basic Economic Concepts and Principles
Competency: Basic Economic Concepts and Principles 1. Define money (characteristics, role, and forms) and trace how money and resources flow through the American economic system. 2. Utilize decision-making
More informationProfessor: Dr. Mary Flannery Teaching Assistant: Jia-Yuh Chen ECON 136 Business Strategy February 27, 2006
CASE STUDY Professor: Dr. Mary Flannery Teaching Assistant: Jia-Yuh Chen ECON 136 Business Strategy February 27, 2006 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS The retail industry is dominated by few retail giants, with Wal-Mart
More informationREVIEW ONE. Name: Class: Date: Matching
Name: Class: Date: ID: A REVIEW ONE Matching Complete the following using these terms. a. outsourcing b. diversity c. entrepreneur d. competitive differentiation e. strategic alliance f. capital g. vision
More informationNew Mexico. Comparison Profile prepared by the New Mexico Economic Development Department State Data Center. Page 1 of 5
DEMOGRAPHICS Population estimates, July 1, 2014 2,085,572 Population, percent change - April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 1.4% Population estimates, July 1, 2013 2,085,287 Population, percent change - April
More informationKnowledgebank: INDIVIDUAL REWARDS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Knowledgebank: INDIVIDUAL REWARDS IN ORGANIZATIONS As noted earlier, one of the primary purposes of performance management is to provide a basis for rewarding employees. We now turn our attention to rewards
More informationBusiness Ratios and Formulas. A Comprehensive Guide. 3rd Edition. Wiley Corporate F&A
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2213049/ Business Ratios and Formulas. A Comprehensive Guide. 3rd Edition. Wiley Corporate F&A Description: A complete appraisal
More informationSURVEY ON LABOUR MARKET FLEXIBILITY IN SERVICES, SLOVENIA
SURVEY ON LABOUR MARKET FLEXIBILITY IN SERVICES, SLOVENIA METHODOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS Purpose of the survey Observation units Data source Coverage Method of data collection Prepared by Purpose of the survey
More informationThe Role of Land Use and Transportation in Building Successful Sustainable Cities City of Vancouver
The Role of Land Use and Transportation in Building Successful Sustainable Cities City of Vancouver Dr. Ann McAfee Co-Director of Planning, Vancouver Transportation & Land Use 1. Vancouver s Transportation
More informationLessons learned from social firms in Finland on poverty prevention. Jukka Lindberg Vates Foundation CEFEC Conference, Olten 10.9.
... Lessons learned from social firms in Finland on poverty prevention Jukka Lindberg Vates Foundation CEFEC Conference, Olten 10.9.2015 2 Social employment and firms vs. poverty Social economy and employment
More informationto provide a framework within which the City Council and Mayor can evaluate and compare proposed uses of tax increment financing TIF; and
Note: Minneapolis Tax Increment Financing Policy Proposed Amendment July 8, 2011; Revised October 12, 2011 Additions proposed in the July 8 version are indicated by underlining; deletions are indicated
More informationWhat is Market Research & What Can it Do For You?
What is Market Research & What Can it Do For You? 1. What is Market Research? Market Research is an important factor in ensuring a business succeeds. In our society, change is rapid and continuous. Inflation,
More informationThe labor market. National and local labor markets. Internal labor markets. Primary and secondary labor markets. Labor force and unemployment
The labor market The labor market differs from most product markets in several important ways. Among these differences are: labor services are rented, not sold, labor productivity is affected by pay and
More informationAGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand
AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand Suppose that the economy is undergoing a recession because of a fall in aggregate demand. a. Using
More informationBRAVE INVESTS IN THE FUTURE THAT S WHY WE RE BACKING SMALL BUSINESSES AND FARMERS. #backedbyaib
BRAVE INVESTS IN THE FUTURE THAT S WHY WE RE BACKING SMALL BUSINESSES AND FARMERS #backedbyaib HELPING THEM WITH ACCESS TO CREDIT AT A RATE OF 4.5% #backedbyaib Backing brave SMEs and farmers helping them
More informationDeclaration on the 20th Anniversary of the Barents Euro-Arctic Cooperation. (Kirkenes, Norway, 3 4 June 2013)
1 Declaration on the 20th Anniversary of the Barents Euro-Arctic Cooperation (Kirkenes, Norway, 3 4 June 2013) Prime Ministers and other high-level representatives of the members of the Barents Euro- Arctic
More informationUnemployment and Inflation
Unemployment and Inflation Unemployment Inflation Costs of Unemployment Personal Cost Loss of income Loss of self-esteem Increase in stress related psychological problems Increase in incidence of crime,
More informationCity of Raton: Labor Force, Employment, and the Future
City of Raton: Labor Force, Employment, and the Future Lee A. Reynis, Ph.D. Tony Sylvester, M.A. University of New Mexico Bureau of Business and Economic Research 505-277-2216 May 27, 2004 RATON S STRENGTHS
More informationDepartment of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning. State Planning Policy state interest guideline. State transport infrastructure
Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning State Planning Policy state interest guideline State transport infrastructure July 2014 Great state. Great opportunity. Preface Using this state
More informationEconomic Policy and State Intervention (Richards and Waterbury CHs #2,3,7,8,9) 1. Recovery Since 1800 2. Growth Policies 3. Why the Middle East Chose
Economic Policy and State Intervention (Richards and Waterbury CHs #2,3,7,8,9) 1. Recovery Since 1800 2. Growth Policies 3. Why the Middle East Chose Import Substitution 4. MENA vs. Asia 5. Reform Disparity
More informationComparison Profile prepared by the New Mexico Economic Development Department State Data Center. Page 1 of 5
Comparing New Mexico to Colorado DEMOGRAPHICS Colorado New Mexico Population estimates, July 1, 2014 5,355,866 2,085,572 Population, percent change - April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 1.4% 1.4% Population
More informationIncremental Analysis and Decision-making Costs
Management Accounting 161 Incremental Analysis and Decision-making Costs Nature of Incremental Analysis Decision-making is essentially a process of selecting the best alternative given the available information
More informationRural Development Program Guide Building Rural Communities from the Ground Up. www.rd.usda.gov/me
Rural Development Program Guide Building Rural Communities from the Ground Up www.rd.usda.gov/me Housing Programs Program Objective Applicant Uses Population / Direct s Direct Repair s and s Guaranteed
More information