TO PREVENT SPEED VIOLATIONS AND TO PROVIDE TRAFFIC SAFETY WITH MICROPROCESSOR-BASED AUTOMATIC VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM

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1 TO PREVENT SPEED VIOLATIONS AND TO PROVIDE TRAFFIC SAFETY WITH MICROPROCESSOR-BASED AUTOMATIC VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM Hasbi APAYDIN Şükrü KİTİŞ Dumlupınar University Simav Vacational High School, Turkey s: ABSTRACT The last two decades, according to the rate of increase in the number of vehicle traffic accident rates and accident death rates have declined as a relative. This is due to the relative decline in both the legal regulations, as well as over the years due to developments in traffic control and vehicle security systems. Causing traffic accidents occurred in Turkey in the last decade the investigation of defect rates, accidents caused by driver errors, the values of the total accident rate has reached %. These rates are among the speed of the driver failures, as the direct and indirect impact of accidents is estimated to be approximately 0%. For the continuity of traffic and driving safety, the speed defects required to be controlled by various reduction and control methods. Microprocessor-based tools developed for this study, the RF (radio frequency) receiver-transmitter through an electronic system without driver intervention, according to the state highway speed limit is set, and the tool by the perceived value of the vehicle without exceeding the set speed, vehicle speed of the road, weather and traffic conditions in accordance with the requirements automatic adjustment is provided. Thus, it is aimed to reduce the driver speed defects and to reduce the accidents caused by the speed defects. Keywords: Traffic safety, over speeding, Automatic speed limiter, Active safety systems.. INTRODUCTION Among the incidents causing deaths and injuries, traffic accidents are the first not only in our country but also in the world. In recent years, even if there is a decrease in the number of accidents due to precautions taken by developed countries, it is still one of the most important problems in developing countries. In developing countries, the number of traffic accidents, and the injuries and deaths caused by these accidents, are increasing day by day. It appears to be one of the most important reasons of traffic accidents is the speed according to statistical data. % of the accidents occurring worldwide are result from the excessive speed and violation of speed rules every year[]. According to data of Traffic Training and Research Statistics Chairmanship Bulletin of September 0 (table ), when the reasons causing traffic accidents analyzed, it is seemed that road and weather circumstances are neglected and the speed of vehicle is not adjusted to these circumstances. There are accidents in 0 September and accidents in 0 caused by these reasons. These accidents are %, of occurring in September and %. of all the accidents in 0. In the light of this information it is understood that between %0 and % of the traffic accidents occurring in our country in 0 are because of driver speed faults. In the light of this information we can say that, the parameter we have to focus on is the speed of vehicle.

2 When we think of speed of vehicle, the driver s personal attitude, motor response, sight, audition, attention and exhaustion are the factors affecting the obedience to the speed rules which causes to the accidents. Thanks to the designed system, we can determine the cap of the speed limit in the dangerous points which will ensure the driver s obedience to the speed limit we determine. This is how the system works: in the high risk points, the cap speed will be determined and loaded to RF transmitter by the experts in the constructing and operating stage of high way. The RF receiver in the vehicles drive through will perceive the signals and excessive speed will be blocked. In this way the speed of vehicle will be adjusted to the weather conditions automatically. This system can be adjusted to the roads in urban near by schools, hospitals, and children s playgrounds, cross roads in highways and to the places with the high rank of accidents in suburb which ensures to minimize the accidents in these dangerous locations. Table.. Factors causing the fatal-injury accidents(police Liability Region)[]. ELEMENTS OF DEFECTS 0 SEPTEMBER YEAR 0 GRAPHİC NUMBERS Not setting the vehicle speed according to weather and traffic conditions..0.0 Not obeying the transitions primacy rules on the road, juntions and. narrow passages. Changing direction (turning) failures.. Tracking distance (rear bump)..0 Moving failures to comply with the general conditions.0 Violation of lane. Failure to comply with other rules related to traffic safety. To enter places that the vehicles are not allowed by traffic signs 0. Not to obey the traffic lights or the officers stop warning 0. Overspeeding. Riding car drunken.0 to hit parked vehicles in accordance with the rules. To enter the banned places Wrong Parking or Parking the places which are not allowed to park 0 -Others Failure to comply with the rules of passenger loading and unloading Others Not Slowing down for pedestrian and school crossings 0 Others Riding vehicle with Missing, damaged or improper use of tools Others Miscelaneous Others Dangerous or excessive loading Others Riding bicycles and motocycles without obeying the traffic rules 0 Others Riding car without a driving licence or riding car with inadequate class driving licence Others SUM.0.0 Others

3 % % % % % % 0% % September 0 % % % % % % % Year 0 %. THE EFFECT OF SPEED TO THE SAFETY OF DRIVE The speed has very important effects to the driver s physiological and physical condition and to the result of accidents. Some of these effects cause formation of accidents indirectly while some of them make the results acute. To overcome any dangerous situation the drivers have to face sense, determine, estimate, decide and apply process respectively. If the situation is complex and ambiguous, the duration between sense and apply increases. The increase in speed decreases the duration process of gaining the information of environment and required time to determine danger. As speed make perception difficult, pedestrians and vehicles in the road area can not be seen properly, accidents happen. Due to excessive speed, the real speed and distance of vehicles coming from the opposite road can not be estimated by the drivers accurately. This situation leads the problems where the driver has chance to come across with the other users of the roads. The driver needs the information of speed and distance of oncoming vehicles in these situations because he has to estimate the duration to maneuver before he comes across with the other users of the road and cause an accident. It is generally too late when the driver realize he estimates the encounter point more distant and adjust his speed incorrectly. Speed is an increasing factor of stopping distance. The stopping distance of vehicle estimated by the sum of the arrival distance and break distance. Arrival distance or reaction distance is a process of realizing the danger,

4 determining by the brain, withdrawing the pedal and putting on the brakes by the foot, and opening brake lining by the tightening the hydraulic brake system and blocking the brake drum. Reaction distance is calculated by m/s rate generally changing by the driver s reaction speed duration between 0,- second. This duration changes to the driver s perception. The brake duration between driver s putting on the brake and the stopping of vehicle is the brake distance. If the brakes are not regulated, the tires are used, the road is slippery, and the driver is exhausted, one or more than of these circumstances exists, the distance is increasing more[]. Accordingly, while the 0km/hour speed of vehicle meters distance is enough to stop, 0 km/hour stopping distance increases to meters, 0 km/hour stopping distance increases meters. Consequently, with the gaining speed, the chance to be in a road accident increases but the chance to stop in the required time is decreases. The connection speed and accident rate is powerful and positive; to take the accidents under control decreases the number of the accidents and violence []. The connection between speed of vehicle and driver s sight ability is very important. It is stated that people with the full sight take place in the car accidents less than the other drivers. Drivers on the move, control the movements of road side by moving their eyes to right and left but with the gaining speed, driver s field of view and attention and perception decreases. Therefore increasing danger increases the accident risk in traffic [].. DESIGNED ELECTRONIC SYSTEM The designed system consists of two parts. As it is understood from the block scheme in figure. our first unit we demonstrate the cap speed loaded RF transmitter which is loaded by the highway constructing and operating experts and location traffic crew. Second part is RF receiver and vehicle speed circuit installed on the automobile Figure..The block scheme of the designed system. In the highways, the speed limit required and nor required locations will be determined by the constructing and operating experts and RF transmitter circuits will be installed. These circuits will be installed to a specific distance to the roadsides. The setting of these circuits will be adjusted by the people concerned by the menu button and LCD indicator and process of sending RF signal will be accomplished. The adjusted speed limit will be sent as RF signal constantly

5 Figure.. RF receiver circuit Our circuit of vehicle speed limit and RF receiver is seen in scheme.. Thanks to that circuit the speed information coming from RF receiver is taken to microprocessor as RF. By the means of sensor attached to the front tire axle of vehicle, the speed of vehicle information is taken to microprocessor and changed into speed information and seen on LCD panel. As terminal stage vehicle speed information and the information coming from RF receiver is compared. If the vehicle speed is higher than the speed coming from RF transmitter, by the controlling sent fuel which is in the fuel line, decreases the speed under the required speed limit.

6 Figure.. RF transmitter and vehicle speed control circuit. APPLIANCE OF DESIGNED ELECTRONIC SYSTEM The appliance of our designed system in a road restoration is illustrated in figure. Assume that the speed limit determined by the experts is 0km/h. RF transmitter is used. In these RF transmitters the ones with the single figure which are RF transmitter and RF transmitter send 0km/h speed information RF transmitter and RF transmitter send 0km/h speed information. Vehicles coming from both sides will receive 0km/h speed information and automatically obey the speed limit. After they drive through this area, vehicles will receive 0km/h speed information so we will ensure the vehicles obey the speed limit and pretend potential speed limit violation accidents. Figure.. Application of the system on the road restoration example. Another application of the designed system is illustrated in figure. One can see in figure. that vehicle approaching 0 km/h speed limit highway curve. If FM transmitters adjusted to desired speed limit, it will be ensured that drivers take the corner safely.

7 Figure.. Application of the system on the sharp turning road example.. RESULT Driver s tendency to exceed the speed limit causes great loss of life, injuries and material damage. All the research results point out how important to avoid speeding problem. This problem can be avoided with the developed automatic speed control system. The loss of lives, injuries and material damage occurring because of speeding will be avoided and maximum safety will be ensured in traffic. REFERENCES [] Murat, B., Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Trafik Hukuku ve Temel TrafikBilgileri, Ankara, 00 [] Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Trafik İstatistik Bülteni 0, Ankara, 0 [] Umar, K.,. Comments On Session : Modifying Individual Road User Behaviour, Proceedings of the International Road Safety Symposium, SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research Leidchendam, Netherland, [] Ali, Ç., Otomobillerdeki Aktif ve Pasif Güvenlik Sistemlerinin Taşıt Tasarımı ve Taşıt Güvenliği Bakımından İncelenmesi, Master Thesis, Kocaeli, 00 [] Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Karayolları Trafiği Denetimi ve Düzenlemesinde Teknolojinin Önemi, Ankara,