Libraries Australia: Creating a new national resource discovery service

Transcription

1 Libraries Australia: Creating a new national resource discovery service An article for Online Information Review Roxanne Missingham Assitant Director General, Resources Sharing, National Library of Australia Tony Boston Keywords National union catalogues; Kinetica; Resource sharing; Resource discovery; International cooperation Abstract This paper reports on the development of a new interface for finding and getting resources from Australian libraries. The National Library of Australia has provided online access to the Australian National Bibliographic Database since Containing the National Union Catalogue for Australia, its major role initially was to support shared cataloguing. The Kinetica service supports access to the database through its search service. Kinetica is being redeveloped over the period 2004 and 2005 to provide a more modern, standards based service. The development is focused on increasing access by Australians to the nations collections. The new interface for searching, Libraries Australia, was launched in December 2004 and incorporates a Google style search interface with a range of new get functionality enabling requesting from libraries and ordering from bookshops. The paper reports on the redevelopment project, particularly Libraries Australia. It summarises research undertaken to assess the needs of Australians for access to library collections. It also describes the technical architecture of the new search service and future directions for this national infrastructure for resource sharing in Australia. The new interface is found to more successfully meet the needs of searchers, particularly the general public. Issues for the future including universal access are identified. Autobiographical notes Roxanne Missingham is Assistant Director General, Resource Sharing, National Library of Australia and has had a long career in libraries and IT focused on the development of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

2 digital delivery and digital services. She has been a library educator, library manager and researcher Tony Boston, is Director, Kinetica Redevelopment Project, National Library of Australia and has extensive experience in developing client-server and web-based applications for the discovery, management and delivery of library and cultural heritage collection information and environmental and geological data sets. Since late 2003, Tony has been managing the redevelopment of the search service for the Australian National Bibliographic Database. Australia has a long tradition of cooperation between libraries. The national network of libraries has been strongly supported by the National Library of Australia for many decades. Ours is a large country, with a network of public, state, university, research and special libraries spread across 7.7 million square kilometres. Libraries in Australia have a strong history of cooperation, built on the recognition that the national collection would inevitably be distributed with a range of strengths in libraries across the nation. Libraries in Australia have rich and diverse collections. There are approximately 4,850 libraries [1] in Australia (not including primary and secondary school libraries). These libraries have built significant collections over the past two hundred years and have a stock of approximately 75 million volumes [2]. The collections are in high demand with around 193 million loans per year [3], or approximately 9.65 loans per Australian per year. A key service provided by the National Library of Australia to support the Australian library network is the Australian National Bibliographic Database (ANBD), which includes the National Union Catalogue. The service, originally released online in 1981, after piloting in , was originally designed primarily to support shared cataloguing. It provided Australian libraries with the ability to increase copy cataloguing, resulting in greater efficiencies in technical services. The service was also used for acquisition purposes, for reference enquiries to identify relevant resources and by interlibrary loan staff to identify material held by other libraries. Increasing, through the development of a web based search interface, the service has been offered to end users, particularly in academic libraries. An interlibrary loan module was implemented to enable management of copy and document requests and manage payments. This enabled efficiencies to occur in interlending, a finding supported by the Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Benchmarking Study (National Resource Sharing Working Group 2001). The service operates on a cost recovery basis with libraries paying for access through charges for searches. The business model and operation of the service is very similar to that of OCLC s WorldCat. Libraries around the world can join the Kinetica service and pay for searches, in addition individual researchers can purchase blocks of searches. The Kinetica service, which enables libraries to access the ANBD, also extends the ability of Australian libraries to use international union catalogues for resource sharing and cataloguing. Kinetica provides searching of databases such as the RLG Union Catalog, OCLC s WorldCat and the National Union catalogues of New Zealand and Singapore. It also enables libraries to order materials from suppliers such as CISTI and Infotrieve. The Kinetica service comprises: a search service, now entitled Libraries Australia; March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia

3 a cataloguing module, the Kinetica Cataloguing Client, web holdings and a web input form; and an interlibrary lending service Kinetica Document Delivery Service and Payment System. Over the past two years the National Library has taken the opportunity to completely review the role of the service and its technical architecture. This has been a particularly significant event because of the need to provide a service to meet the needs of end users in libraries and to provide value added services such as federated searching and alerts. The redevelopment of Kinetica is a major project which involves: Stage 1: development of new search service Libraries Australia; State 2: implementation of new cataloguing and database software, including development work. Since 2003 the Library has undertaken a series of developments and pilots which have tested the new concepts of using the Kinetica service to provide a full access service for individuals who use libraries, rather than focusing on library staff as service users. These developments are described in the paper as steps towards delivering a fully integrated find and get service which enables collections to be available and relevant in a manner not previously possible. This paper also summarises research into the expectations of Australians both those using public libraries and those in the academic environment for their information seeking and for services from the Australian library network. The research, undertaken in 2004 was based on users of the Kinetica search service and a pilot portal, Information Australia. The paper describes the development of the Libraries Australia service to meet these new needs. The strategic role of the National Library is also described as the context for the redevelopment of the Kinetica service. Kinetica: linking the national library network The Kinetica service was launched in 1999, replacing the Australian Bibliographic Network, providing access to the ANDB and a range of international union catalogues. It supports the following activities of Australian libraries: cooperative cataloguing, enabling Australian libraries to reduce the costs of their cataloguing by using records created by others; support for interlending, allowing Libraries to share resources by borrowing (or receiving copies) of library materials; support for cooperative collection development, enabling libraries to reduce the amount of duplication in their collections; and access to the collections of Australian libraries for individual researchers, enabling identification of relevant material in Australian libraries and online Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

4 The service is utilised by approximately 1100 libraries. While the service initially focused on supporting shared cataloguing, in 2004 we see service which is critical to end users in libraries and library staff to support all aspects of resource sharing. With more than 38 million holdings, approximately 14 million bibliographic recordsincluding over 574,000 electronic resources, itforms an essential tool for Australian libraries in all sectors public, special, academic, technical and further education, health, corporate, law, state and national. Over 6.5 million searches were undertaken on the service in 2003/04. The service is an essential part of the Library s strategic aim to: provide rapid and easy access to the wealth of information that reside in libraries and other cultural institutions and to break down the barriers that work against this National Library of Australia, Directions For individuals, access to this service is currently limited to those with subscriptions or who are members of organisations which pay for end user access. A key challenge is to enable access by all individuals without the barrier of charging. The value of the ANBD to Australians was recognised by the Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Reference Committee s report on "Libraries in the online environment" which recommended: The Committee recommends that the National Library of Australia receive additional funding to provide improved access to Kinetica for all Australian libraries and end users. This remains an aspiration for the Library and provides a context for much of the conceptual work underpinning the redevelopment of the service. Access to the nations collections online for all Australians In the twenty first century the expectations of librarians and users have radically changed. The development of the Internet, in particular the World Wide Web, has resulted in a radical change in access to information and services. Australians have been rapid adopters of communications technologies, in particular the Internet. In 2002 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2003), 61% of Australian households had access to a computer at home (up from 44% in 1998) and 46% of Australian households had home Internet access (up from 16% in 1998). At the same time 72% of businesses had Internet access and for those on farms 58% had computers, 34% were connected to the Internet. Australians use the Internet from a relatively early age 84% of year olds in 2002 accessing the Internet. Library use is also a major part of the lives of Australians. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) recorded 99.4 million visits to local government, national and state libraries in , local government libraries account for 94% of visits. The Kinetica service has provided a traditional union catalogue facility to connect Australians to their collections through libraries, albeit based on a subscription model similar to that for OCLC s WorldCat. Its interfaces have been built along the standard principles of an OPAC, with interfaces reflecting essentially a librarian approach. Over the past 12 months a new interface has been trialled with users of public libraries. This new March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia

5 interface, Information Australia, offered easy Google-like access to the ANDB, PictureAustralia, full text current Australian journals and a document supply service which is gratis for the six libraries in the pilot. The pilot has enabled Australians to freely access the national union catalogue without the impost of charging for access or document delivery. The interface was much more user friendly that the existing Kinetica search interface: Figure 1: Comparison of Kinetica and Information Australia basic search screens The pilot enabled the interface and service, including federated searching, to the trialled with the general public. The pilot included extensive evaluation based on: an online survey of users; feedback from participating public libraries; and an external report based on focus groups and interviews of searchers. Focus group research into expectations of Australians In October 2004 research was undertaken into the information seeking behaviour of Australians using focus groups and interviews in public, state and university libraries. Participants were able to discuss their general information behaviour and then focused on their expectations of access to the Australian library network. Public library users were selected who had used Information Australia. University based participants and independent scholars had used the Kinetica search service to access the ANDB, some through their local catalogue OPAC via Z39.50, others via the Kinetica Search interface. While the groups were relatively small, their composition was based on a carefully selection to establish a representative cross section of user communities. The sample consisted of: Three focus groups with end users of the Kinetica Service at the National Library, the Australian National University and the State Library of Victoria; Three focus groups with clients of the InformationAustralia pilot service at Brisbane City Council Library (QLD), Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Vic) and Southern Tablelands Regional Library (NSW); 5 16 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

6 Seven structured telephone interviews with users of the InformationAustralia pilot in Thuringowa (QLD) and Northern Rivers (NSW). The research identified some very interesting trends in information seeking behaviour: most participants from the public and university sectors used the website and their library catalogues as first points of departure to find information; those in the university sector most often used their local library catalogues as the first point for searching, a smaller number used national catalogues and databases, such as Scifinder; and independent scholars also used websites and catalogues, however this group appeared to use a wider range of resources to search, perhaps due to the depth of their research. Expectations of online access to information on the collections of libraries are now very high: Public library users want to be able to find and request material online from where ever they are. They also increasingly are using the catalogue to identify material which they will purchase if required. One participant commented: go straight to X Library, put an item on hold or place an order but waiting list can sometimes be very long. Buy book if important. ; University participants expected access to Australian collections to be available in a simple and intuitive manner and found that the current process failed to enable easy access to the ANBD; and Independent scholars expressed considerable interest in federated searching and preferred to use a federated search service than single databases. Interestingly the barriers perceived in terms of obtaining access to collection materials once they were found through the ANBD were seen as very significant. Charging for interlibrary loans and opaque interlibrary loan processes were cited by users in all three groups as significant barriers to accessing collection materials. Perhaps the strongest mismatch between and resource discovery service and user needs was expressed with the following comment: Found one particular book that I was after and when I finally placed the order a message came back that I would have to pay $13 for the book I found out the publisher had 500 copies of the book for sale at $15 and I could have bought the book that was the last time I used it - the book came from the State Library and I got the impression it was a rare book and you had to use it for a set period - since bought that book. This is a very powerful indication that the traditional national union catalogue model of providing a resource discovery service with holdings information but not easy ordering paths to suppliers including libraries and commercial suppliers is flawed. The two key themes emerging were that users of a national resource discovery service believe that access means find and get not just the ability to find where a publication is held and March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia

7 that for many get includes borrowing from a library and the ability to order or purchase online if a user wants to keep the publication. When asked about the interfaces for searching the ANBD and access to Kinetica or Information Australia comments clustered around four main issues: Content issues Ease of use Visibility and knowledge of the service Getting issues. Content was quite a critical issue for users. Most searchers expressed the view that federated searching was an essential value of the service. Many however were not clear about the coverage of bibliographic and full text resources. For many the service was the only federated search service they used, leading to more comparisons with Google that other federated services. Comments such as: holdings in libraries local to my area would be useful more member library (collections) should be on the system suggest that the coverage of the service needs to be as comprehensive as possible to ensure the search results are as effective as possible. More users expressed a desire to have direct assess to full text resources than not, and some suggested other databases that should be included in the federated search service. Ease of use was an important topic for many users, and increasingly users expect a Googlestyle approach. Users of the traditional OPAC style interface were quite critical with comments such as: Found it maddening at first, but got used to it (Z39.50 access to the ANDB through a local system) A great thing cloaked in the worst sort of software and user interface Kinetica is more effective in getting access to things held in libraries but Google is obviously more user friendly in terms of returning what is out there using inverted commas, the ability to search by a phrase if Kinetica could do that it would be great Users of Information Australia found the Google style interface was more intuitive and easy to use. Typical comments were: love the service found it to be very quick and quite easy to use This confirms that a revolution has occurred in user expectations. While content may be King the search system is critical to actually encouraging use of the service and Google is Queen in terms of style and effectiveness. Interestingly users commented that the system should be so intuitive that you don t need online help manuals Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

8 Visibility and knowledge of the service proved to be the most significant limiting factor in use of the service. Many commented that they had been unaware of the service, that it was too hard to remember all the different paths to resources and that regular promotion and marketing should be undertaken to ensure visibility and use. The competition for attention in search services means that communication activities need to be more regular and timely than when the world was primarily focused on printed indexes and bibliographies. Users suggested that the service should be available freely on the Internet to enable Australians, wherever they were, to tap into the rich resources held by the nations libraries. Visibility was poor: Bookmarked it because I could never find it going through the library catalogue. Getting issues remained the most complex and challenging. Users of both services indicated that they found the complexity of the interlibrary loan ordering process, unpredictable charging and delivery times frustrating. Users of the standard Kinetica service commented: It would be wonderful if there could be some link from Kinetica and you don t have to go back to the damn library thing and have to fill in the form. Those using Information Australia appreciated the fact that the service automatically transferred bibliographic details into the ordering form. Users identified a number of areas in which the service could be developed to be more effective. The lack of automated confirmation and regular automatic updates was frustrating. Worse however was the frustration of ordering and not promptly receiving material. Comments made include: I ordered a book and I still haven t got a message about it for the last couple of weeks and I think that this is a bit of a problem All user groups expressed a reluctance to pay for interlibrary loans though when pushed they indicated that charges in the region of $2 to $10 might be paid. The standard charge for an Australian Interlibrary loan (not rush, express or priority) is $13.20 including GST. The gap between the expectations of users and our charge, which recoups administrative costs suggests that the potential to delivery this service direct to Australians may be limited. Public library users suggested that an appropriate turn around time from ordering to receipt by the user would be one to two weeks, while university users suggested that one working week would be appropriate. The Australian standard for the core service is five days processing time, with delivery to the user having additional delay due to postage. The redevelopment of the Kinetica service, while commencing before the user research was completed, was based on addressing the issues identified in this research. Kinetica Redevelopment Project In December 2003 the Library announced that the Kinetica service would be redeveloped through as a modular system over two years (2004 and 2005), using new technology to develop a national resource discovery and access (or find and get ) service. The goals of the redevelopment are to: introduce improvements for customers in areas such as search functionality and online performance (response time); March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia

9 give the Library an improved capacity to innovate, and thus introduce further improvements in the future; integrate the Kinetica Chinese Japanese and Korean (CJK) service into the core system; develop new search interfaces to meet the needs of individuals; and obtain the best value for money solution, taking into account functionality, risks and costs. The new system will be a modular one, comprising four sub-systems. The Library will ensure that it can upgrade or replace any of these sub-systems when required in the future, without replacing all of them at once. The four sub-systems are: National Bibliographic Utility. This sub-system will support the intake, creation and editing of bibliographic, authority and holdings data to the Australian National Bibliographic Database (NBD) from contributing Libraries and other sources, including data in non-roman scripts. It will support database searching for cataloguing purposes and will allow customers to add and edit records online, in cases where they choose not to supply data through batch processes. The subsystem will be based on the database and cataloguing modules of a Library Management System (LMS). Search & Products Sub-system. This sub-system will support searching of the ANBD (and other databases) for all purposes other than cataloguing through the Libraries Australian interface. Once the new system is fully operational, this subsystem will also support delivery of products to Kinetica customers (for example, products based on saved searches). The sub-system will be developed using the TeraText software. Customer Management Sub-system. This sub-system will support administration functions, including the management of access to the system (authentication and authorisation), production of management reports, and billing. This sub-system will be developed by the Library using, as far as possible, standards and utilities used for other corporate systems. Document Delivery Sub-system. This sub-system will support interlibrary lending. It will continue to be based on the Fretwell Downing VDX software. The redevelopments will provide a new service which will continue to support library operations and have the potential to delivery a truly innovative service for users of libraries. By undertaking these developments the Library will enable users to, as easily as possible, find resources in Australian libraries and online, and to access or get the range of information resources that are available to them. Our goal is to increase access to the service in addition to increasing its effectiveness. Taking this approach, the redevelopment built upon pilots and enhancements to the existing service and a set of new expectations from users. These are described below Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

10 Kinetica search service/libraries Australia The new search service for Kinetica, Libraries Australia, is the first deliverable of the Kinetica Redevelopment Project. The scope of this phase of the project is illustrated below. Figure 2: Proposed Stage 1 developments Improved finding. The Libraries Australia search interface is essentially a resource discovery service. In the redesign and redevelopment of Kinetica, the range of services offered has been expanded and, in addition, functionality from the Information Australia pilot, (see Moloney 2004), is included within the range of core interfaces. Data is stored in Unicode UTF-8 MARCXML format (see Library of Congress 2004); response times have been significantly improved as will the ease of use of the service. The major areas of improvement for the search service achieved within the first phase of the redevelopment are: March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia

11 Ease of use: The new interface has been developed using the design principles identified from international research and best practice as well as expectations of users for a Google type interface, to meet the demands identified in user research. There are three search interfaces a simple search based on a Google-style approach with Boolean functionality, an advanced search offering the ability to select indexes for searching from drop down boxes and a command search which supports the Z39.50 Common Command Language (CCL) query syntax. The simple and advanced search interfaces also include limits enabling the user to easily restrict searches to resources of various formats, such as newspapers, theses, pictures, music; or types, such as Australian, online, government or conference. Figure 3: Libraries Australia basic search screen Better results: Searchers expectations have changed with the development of web search engines, in particular Google. Not only do users expect to be able to search with very simple terms, they also expect that the system will assist through fuzzy logic for any misspellings. The new search interface provides this functionality; for example misspelling English language words, countries, places or names will result in a suggestion from a dictionary of over 270,000 terms (see Jspell 2004). These suggestions are hyperlinked to enable users to then immediately search with a single click. The search service also supports searching via common synonyms, for example a search for ~car will also search for the terms automobile, auto, motorcar and machine (see WordNet 2004). Improved accessibility: Compatibility with adaptive technologies and compliance with the W3C level A guidelines is essential for the service. Testing has been undertaken to ensure that the service is fully accessible. This testing is a standard part of the Library s Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

12 applications development methodology and is being undertaken using a range of approaches including the use of automated tools such as screen readers and by undertaking Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) testing in a usability lab with a range of users including people with disabilities. Improved getting : For users, as identified in the research, there is an expectation that they are able to get as well as find resources. Building a get service into Kinetica is essential to the delivery of a relevant service for end users as well as libraries. When a user finds a record they have four options available to get the resource: online providing direct access to the online resource, where this is available (currently approximately 500,000 resources are available online), or to online pages relating to the resource; through their library including checking for availability from their local catalogue where this is possible; through other libraries again with the ability for checking of availability and, where the subscribing library agrees, the ability to place an ILL request electronically; and through other suppliers including bookshops, document supply services such as Infotrieve, CISTI and SCIPIO or the National Library s Copies Direct service. For bookshops that support a Web Services interface such as Amazon (see Amazon 2004), the new service is able to automatically check availability using an ISBN or author/title search against the bookshop s database. Users can then link directly to that bookseller from Libraries Australia in order to purchase the item online March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia

13 Figure Library screen (note availability information is checked via Z39.50) Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

14 Figure Suppliers screen with links to ordering Databases available for federated searching have been increased from those previously available through Kinetica Web Search. Users are now able to search the catalogues of the Library of Congress and British Library through the federated searching function. Searching full text databases such as the Australian Public Affairs Full Text (APAFT) is also supported. The interface offers an easy ability to select and search multiple databases in parallel via a broadcast Z39.50 search. Improved business systems: One of the innovations offered in Libraries Australia is the development of support for IP authentication. This enables libraries to provide access through computers within a range of IP addresses and eliminates the need to enter password information, providing a better level of security and enabling much easier end user access. In summary, Libraries Australia provides for innovation in the development of significantly improved interfaces, a supply chain based on supply from libraries and commercial suppliers, checking of availability for supply where possible and greater functionality, while using tested technology to underpin the developments. In moving to new standards such as Unicode, the focus is on improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of services, to support a vital national resource discovery and access service. Stage 2 will introduce a new National Bibliographic Utility (NBU) System including cataloguing interfaces. It will be more flexible and user-focused service. The NBU will offer better record management and enable higher quality control, particularly in reducing the number of duplicate records. Business systems will support greater flexibility for customers. Future directions National union catalogues have for many years supported traditional library processes such as cataloguing, interlibrary loans and reference. These services need to be reinvented in the twenty first century to ensure that the services and functionality required by library users can be met. To ensure that the Kinetica service is relevant and effective the redevelopment project has delivered a new search interface Libraries Australia. This service, released on December 8 th 2004 builds upon a pilot with public libraries, feedback from libraries and the National Library s a vision of easy access for Australians. Libraries Australia is a major step forward in delivering a national service supporting resource discovery and access. A major direction for the Library is to enable a wider range of users, including end users, to search the database more effectively. This may include opening up of ANBD records to search engines such as Google to facilitate wider use by general Internet users, as OCLC are doing through their Open WorldCat program (see OCLC 2004). For libraries around the world access to the service remains, for the immediate future on a charge per search basis. Consideration to the offering of a limited free search service and a new subscription model will occur in The redevelopment of Kinetica provides an example of the utilisation of new technologies and standards in an innovative manner. The connecting of libraries and commercial March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia

15 suppliers, such as booksellers and publishers, into a supply chain for the resource discovery service, provides an innovation in enabling true access through get functionality. The Kinetica Redevelopment Project represents a dramatic step forward in design and delivery of a national union catalogue. It will, to a high degree, meet the need of new generations for easy finding and getting. The research provided a basis for the development through identifying the needs of Australians. The National Library will continue to support the Australian library network by providing this national infrastructure to support the research, education, social and community needs of all Australians. Development work will continue to ensure that the service is relevant to libraries and individuals. References Amazon (2004) Amazon Web Services. Australia. Parliament. Senate. Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts References Committee (2003) Libraries in the online environment. Canberra: The Committee, 2003 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2003) Measures of a knowledge-based economy and society, Australia Information and Communications Technology Indicators. Canberra : ABS, 2001 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Public Libraries, Australia, ABS catalogue no Canberra : ABS, Council of Australian State Libraries (2002) Australian public libraries statistical report , Council of Australian University Librarians Statistics Jspell (2004) The Solution Café. Jspell Web Spell Checker. Kinetica Expert Advisory Group on Enhancements (2002) Report, Kinetica Service, National Library of Australia. Library of Congress (2004) MARCXML MARC21 XML Schema. Lunau, Carrol; Pearce, Judith; Shuh, Barbara (2003) Can we talk? How protocols standards facilitate ILL communications, paper presented to the 8 th IFLA ILDS conference, Missingham, R. and Walls, R. (2003) Australian university libraries: collections overlap study, ALJ: Australian Library Journal, vol 52 no 3: pp , Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia 13 March 2009

16 Moloney, K, Missingham, R. and MacKenzie, C. (2004) A portal for the people: National Library & your local public library = new access paradigm, paper presented to the VALA Conference held in Melbourne 2-6 February 2004, National Library of Australia (2002) Direction for , National Library of Australia (2003) Kinetica redevelopment project website, National Resource Sharing Working Group (2001) Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Benchmarking Study, OCLC (2004) Open WorldCat program. W3C (1999) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines WEBCONTENT/ WordNet (2004) Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University. WordNet : a lexical database for the English language. Footnotes 1. Sources: Australian Libraries Gateway Council of Australian University Librarians Statistics; Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Public Libraries, Australia 2. Sources: Council of Australian University Librarians statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Public Libraries, Australia, ABS catalogue no Canberra: ABS, 2001; - Missingham and Walls; Australian National Bibliographic Database 3. Sources: Australian public libraries statistical report ; Council of Australian University Librarians statistics March 2009 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.1 Australia