Expert-Caption. Users Manual. Version 5.2c. Copyright PixelTools Corporation

Transcription

1 Users Manual Version 5.2c Copyright

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3 Contact Information: Wunderlich Drive Cupertino, CA USA Tel: +1 (408) Expert-Caption, MPEGRepair, ExpertHD, Expert1, Expert2, ExpertAudio, and ExpertMultiplex are trademarks of. All other company or product names are trademarks of their respective owners.

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5 Congratulations on your purchase of PixelTools Expert-Caption You now have the ability to insert closed captioning into any exiting MPEG stream. You can also extract closed captioning or remove closed captioning from an MPEG file, analyze an MPEG file or transcode the captioning into a different format. Expert-Caption can also extract elementary video and audio tracks as well as individual frames from an MPEG file. You can update existing MPEG streams with new time code, aspect ratio and a variety of other options. The tool can add ADF, CGMS, APS and Content Advisory Flags (V-Chip) without re-encoding. 3

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7 Table of Contents 1 What Expert-Caption Does General Description Features Benefits How this manual helps System Requirements Installation Tool Operation Overview Analyzer-Decoder Section Batch Operation Jump Start Tutorial Launching Expert-Caption Toolbar Drag and Drop Batch Mode Operation Detailed Decoding Operation File to Decode or Analyze IP to Decode or Analyze Decode AVC Decode Function Enable Decode Configure Extract Streams Extract Frames Fix Stream Audio Mux Decode Controls Run Pause Step Stop Analyze Decode Views Decode View Window

8 8.6.2 Decode View Window Overlays Decode Statistics Monitor Controls Display Window Status Line Progress Info Help About Batch Mode Operation Decoding MPEG File Decoding MPEG File Analyzing Closed Captioning Insertion SCC File Usage DDL File Usage HEXUSERDATA CLOSEDCAPTION PANSCANOFFSET SCC or CAP File Usage Initialization Files Default Initialization Files Loading and Saving Initialization Files Solutions Closed Captioning Insertion Adding Captioning During Decoding (Expert-Caption) Closed Captioning Format Extracting and Displaying closed captioning with Expert-Caption CGMS Insertion CGMS and APS flag Insertion During Encoding...95 CGMS and APS Flags Insertion to an Existing Stream (Expert-Caption) Source Material Included in the Install CD Recommended Reading MPEG Specifications MPEG Video Compression Standard Digital Video: An Introduction to MPEG

9 Glossary MPEG-2 Video Definitions Summarized from ISO/IEC MPEG-2 System Definitions Summarized from ISO/IEC

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11 1 What Expert-Caption Does 1.1 General Description Expert-Caption is a Microsoft Windows based MPEG decoder application that demultiplexes MPEG Transport and Program streams, decodes video frames, and updates or inserts a wide variety of headers into the stream without re-encoding. The tool includes extensive closed captioning features that provide closed captioning analysis, display, extraction, removal, insertion, and transcoding. 1.2 Features Ultra simple Drag and Drop batch file captioning. Captioning File conversion between CEA-608 CEA-708 and SCTE formats Single step closed captioning addition and remultiplexing to existing MPEG file. Closed captioning insertion, extraction, and format conversion Extraction and Insertion of Analog Line 21 captioning data CEA-708 format analysis MPEG Stream Analysis, Splitting and Decoding Insertion of Meta data including CGMS, APS, Active Format Description, Content Advisory into existing streams Restriping of video time code on entire video Extraction of VANC and all user_data Support of dual language captioning Stream analysis General Runs on all MS Windows OS including Windows on Mac 9

12 Expert-Caption can insert captioning as defined in a.scc or a.cap file into an exiting MPEG stream without re-encoding. The comprehensive Closed Captioning features include captioning extraction, insertion, and transcoding. Closed Captioning formats supported include CEA-708, CEA-608, ATSC, SCTE, Cable Labs, and Analog (Extracted Line 21). The tool can also analyze streams to report the type(s) of captioning included in the stream. 1.3 Benefits Easy to use drag and drop captioning insertion of multiple files. Unattended batch mode operation Stream properties display Closed Captioning analysis MPEG stream compliance analysis Update of headers without re-encoding Support for CEA-708 and CEA-608 captions Cable Labs 2.0 compliant 10

13 2 How this manual helps This manual describes the functionality of the Expert-Caption Tool and provides operating hints. The brief Tool Operation Section should be looked at first if this is your first encounter with the tool. It describes the overall physical layout of the tool. The sections that make up the tool are illustrated. It provides you with enough background that you can start experimenting with the buttons on the tool. Many of the buttons bring up menus; each has own help button. The tool itself has a help button that accesses all of the dialog help descriptions. You can t break the tool. The sections following Tool Operation detail the operation of the specific buttons on each the sections of the tool. It should be used as a reference when using the tool. Detailed operations of user enhancement features (that are not directly tied into the buttons on the face of the tool) are next provided. These operations involve the usage of initial parameters and changeable parameters. The contents of the installation CD are described. The installation disk provides sample MPEG streams and associated.scc captioning files so you can easily test closed captioning insertion. 11

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15 3 System Requirements Expert-Caption will function on any Intel 386 compatible processor under all Windows 7, Vista, XP, and 2000 operating systems. Expert-Caption will also function in a Macintosh computer running a Windows emulator. Expert-Caption requires approximately 10 Mbytes of system memory to process SIF size images, 40 Mbytes of memory to process Main Profile streams, and 80 Mbytes of memory to process High Profile streams. The MPEG decoding process is very computationally intensive. The faster the processors speed, the faster the decoding and processing. Expert-Caption will run faster on SSE3 machines and multiprocessor machines, but SSE3 and dual processor machines are not required. The tool should accomplish HD (1920x1080) MPEG decoding faster than real time. SD encoding and decoding should run even 3-4 times faster. PixelTools products include internal performance monitoring capability. Contact us if you would like assistance in optimizing the code in your particular environment. 13

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17 4 Installation Simply double click on Expert-Caption Install program icon in the main directory of the installation CD or on your hard disk if you have received the program via . The Expert-Caption installer will prompt you for additional program loading options. The program can be easily un-installed by running Expert-Caption installer program again from the installation CD or you hard drive and selecting the Remove Program option in the Program Maintenance dialog that will come up if the program is already installed. The program can also be uninstalled using the Windows Control Panel Install and Remove Programs option and select Expert-Caption program. Select the remove program option from Expert-Caption maintenance dialog. If you upgrade your operating system, it is recommended that you run the new install.exe program located in your Expert-Caption install folder and select the Remove Program option. Remove the PixelTools Key Lock, re-run the new install program, and then re-insert the Key Lock. 15

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19 5 Tool Operation Overview The Expert-Caption tool interface is comprised of two subsections. We ll take a quick tour of the tool to give you an ideal of the location of the subsections. Decode Section Monitor Section When looking at the tool, you see the monitor window displaying the PixelTools logo on the right and decode controls on the left. The decode controls enable you to view, decode, analyze, split, repair, and store the decoded frames from any legal MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 stream. The set of controls in the right side of the tool is the monitor section. The monitor window displays the most recent decoded frame or the most recent encoded input frame so you can monitor the video as it is being processed. A progress bar gives you an idea of how fast the decoding is processing. 5.1 Analyzer-Decoder Section The Expert-Caption analyzer decodes and analyzes MPEG1, MPEG2 and AVC elementary, system, program, transport, and DVD (.vob) streams. Decoded frames can be viewed in a color 17

20 window along detailed graphical overlays that indicate the encoding decisions (block types, quantization, and motion vectors) that went into the stream encoding. The window is opened using the Decode de Window button at the top of the GUI. MPEG compliance errors and user selectable video, audio, and system stream parameters or statistics are displayed in the Statistics display window opened using the st button at the top of the GUI. All MPEG compliance errors detected and any stream statistics selected is also written to the Decode.Log file located in the directory where your source file is located.. The elementary Video and Audio components of Transport, Program, and System streams can be saved. Closed Captioning from elementary user_data or from analog Line 21 can be extracted from the stream and saved as a.scc file. Each decoded frame can be stored as a YUV, a bitmap, or a TGA file. Elementary video and elementary audio streams can also be extracted from system streams and stored in new elementary streams. The Configure Fix Stream property pages allows you to update headers throughout an encoded MPEG stream. This property page also provides access to a Expert.Ddl parameter file that allow you to insert closed captioning and pan/scan offsets throughout an existing file. The Analyze Decode button displays the selected stream's properties in a dialog box and writes the properties into the Decode.Log file. 5.2 Batch Operation The powerful Expert-Caption can be controlled with the batch mode. Using this technique, you can easily process all files in a folder for example. The tool also can be run from drag and drop. In a MS Windows window, just select all of your source file(s) (for decoding, or captioning insertion) and drag them to the Expert-Caption icon on your desktop or in its install folder. The tool will automatically process the files drug onto the icon. The specific processing is specified in the ExpCap.ini file found in the tool s boot folder. 18

21 6 Jump Start Tutorial Expert-Caption Installation CD-ROM includes sample compressed MPEG streams for demo purposes. This tutorial will lead you through the insertion of closed captioning in a sample MPEG file and subsequent captioning verification. In this tutorial, we will analyze a sample MPEG stream to verify that is has no captioning, insert captioning contained in a.scc file, verify the type of captioning inserted, and finally verify the captioning over the decoded video. Analyze source video: First launch Expert-Caption and select the sample source MPEG file SczDrop.Mpg in the File to Decode or Analyze edit box. Depress the Analyze button. An analysis dialog should appear that indicates that the MPEG stream has no Closed Captioning identified in your source stream. The Closed Captioning format would appear in the right hand side of the Elementary Video Stream section of the dialog if it existed. Insert Closed Captioning Launch Expert-Caption and select the sample source MPEG file SczDrop.Mpg in the File to Decode or Analyze edit box. Depress the Configure button and select the Fix Stream Tab. Check 19

22 the Add Closed Captions or Commands from File check box. Browse to the appropriate.scc file called PtScc.scc (found on your sample CD). Select the Closed Captioning Format of SCTE20 & CEA708 NTSC. Finally, enter the name of your MPEG file that will hold your newly captioned video in the upper Save Fixed File edit box. (Make sure that the output file drive is not your install CD!). Your Fix Stream dialog should look like: Now depress the OK button to apply your settings. You are ready to insert the captioning. For verification that the captioning is being inserted, open the Decode Statistics window by depressing the St button at the top of the GUI. Depress the Control Decode Run button to start the process. You should see text in the Statistics Window like: 20

23 The sample video should be displayed in the mini-monitor during the process. You can greatly speed up the processing by disabling the Mini-Monitor (Depress the top right button) and by checking the Decode Configure Disable Decode button. Analyzing Captioned MPEG stream If all went well, your new Captioned.Mpg file should contain closed captioning. You can easily verify this by relaunching Expert-Caption, selecting the Captioned.Mpg file in the File to Decode or Analyze edit box, and depressing the Analyze button. The new analysis box should show the multiple closed captioning formats that have been inserted: 21

24 View the Captions Finally, you can view the captions over the decoded window. With your Captioned.Mpg file selected in the File to Decode or Analyze edit box, open the Decode window by depressing the de button at the top of the GUI. Verify that the windows menu items Text Overlays Closed Captioning Field 1 and CEA-708 have been checked. Depress the Control Decode Run button. You should see the CEA-708 captions in green and the CEA-608 captions in pink displayed over the decoded video: 22

25 Note that the captioning location and display color are for demonstration only. The caption locations and color will be controlled by the target TV. Multiplexed video In this tutorial, you have inserted captioning into an elementary video MPEG stream IE a stream without sound. Expert-Caption can insert captioning into Multiplexed streams as well. Closed captioning is inserted into the elementary video stream which increases the elementary stream length and necessitates re-multiplexing. Closed Captioning insertion into multiplexed video entails two passes through the stream. The first pass inserts captioning into the elementary video as above and also extracts the audio track using the Configure Extract Streams dialog. The second pass multiplexes the captioned elementary video with the extracted audio using the settings in the Configure Audio/Mux dialog. The Drag and Drop method of running Expert Caption (see below) will automatically run the above two steps to insert captioning into multiplexed streams. 23

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27 7 Launching Expert-Caption Expert-Caption can be started in several ways. This provides flexibility in using Expert-Caption by itself or in the more automated batch mode. 7.1 Toolbar You can start Expert-Caption by selecting Expert-Caption program icon in the Windows toolbar, double-clicking on Expert-Caption shortcut on the desktop or selecting Expert-Caption icon in the Windows run toolbar dialog. 7.2 Drag and Drop Expert-Caption can process up to 64 user selected input files via drag and drop. Setting any of the output file names to will cause the tool to create the output file name based on the input file name. The ExpCap.ini file in the folder where Expert-Caption is stored must be set with the appropriate file names. Expert-Caption drag and drop of MPEG files can be used to insert closed captioning in the MPEG file(s). If the file extension of the dropped file ends in.mpg,.vbs,.mpt,.mpv, or.mp2 using the default ini parameter file, the tool will search for a.scc file that has the same file name as the MPEG file and is in the same folder as the MPEG file. If a corresponding.scc captioning file is found, the tool will proceed to automatically insert the captions defined in the.scc file into the MPEG file. The tools first analyzed the source file to determine the multiplex type and multiplexed bit rate. The tool then proceeds to extract the elementary video, extract the elementary audio, and insert the captions into the elementary video. Following this extraction pass, the tool will remultiplex the temporary audio and video files into the identical format as the original video. The tool defaults to the captioning style of SCTE20 / CEA 708 if no user captioning format has been selected. If you require a different captioning format, launch Expert-Caption, select your desired different captioning format, and same as the default ini. The drag and drop closed captioning insertion can process all selected files that are dropped onto the Expert-Caption icon. 7.3 Batch Mode Operation 25

28 The Expert-Caption can also be launched from a command line batch file. You just need to call Expert-Caption and give it the name of the video file to be multiplexed. For example: Call Expert-Caption Sample.mpg process Sample.mpg with the settings defined in the ExpCap.ini file. Expert-Caption will create output file names based on your source file name if the - character is used as the output file name. Refer to the Batch Mode Operations Chapter for more details on this feature. 26

29 8 Detailed Decoding Operation This section of the manual describes the decode section (left hand side) of the tool starting with the controls at the top left of the tool. The tool can decode streams from a disk based file or from an Internet Protocol bases stream. 8.1 File to Decode or Analyze The File to decode or analyze should be entered in this edit box or selected via the File to Decode or Analyze File button. Expert-Caption can decode MPEG -1 or MPEG -2 elementary, program, system, transport, or DVD (vob) streams. Expert-Caption can decode streams directly from DVD disks or over networked computers. Expert-Caption can also decode and analyze AVC (H.264) elementary or Transport Multiplexed streams. 27

30 Expert-Caption can also decode an elementary AVC or H.264 file. The AVC or H.264 file must have an extension of.264 or.avc. The decoded AVC file is displayed in the mini-monitor and the de decode window if opened. 8.2 IP to Decode or Analyze Expert-Caption can also decode an IP stream. Depress the File to Decode or Analyze IP button to bring up the IP selection dialog. 28

31 Enter the IP address, Port, and protocol of the source MPEG video you wish to decode or analyze. 8.3 Decode AVC Expert-Caption can decode elementary or transport multiplexed AVC (H.264) files. 8.4 Decode Function Enable The Configure button brings up a set of property pages that facilitate decoder configuration Decode Configure The Decode Configure property page allows you to customize the overall decoding process. 29

32 The following Decode Configure options are available: 30

33 Enter Number of Frames to Decode or ALL: The number of frames to decode can be entered in this box. Entering All will cause the decoder to decode the entire MPEG file. Why? This option will allow you to decode a specific segment within a large MPEG file Disable Decode Disable decode will cause the decoder to analyze the stream headers and repair the stream headers but not to decode the stream or save the frames to disk. Why? Expert-Caption, using the Disable Decode option, can be used as a stream header analyzer. The analyzer and repair function runs much faster when the decoder is disabled Loop Decode Checking the loop decode will cause the Expert-Caption decoder to decode the same MPEG stream over and over until the Stop button is depressed. Why? Loop Decode can be used to generate a large sequence of output files from a smaller MPEG sequence. It also can be used to demonstrate MPEG content and analysis Select PIDs to Decode This section contains two edit boxes in which you can enter the decimal Program Identification Number (PID) for the video channel you wish to decode, analyze or split into elementary video and for the audio channel you wish to split or analyze. If the transport channel has only one video stream, entering 0 in these edit boxes will instruct the Expert-Caption to extract the video PID number from the stream header. If you are unsure of the video PID(s) in the stream, entering 0 will cause Expert-Caption to decode the first video program it finds. If you enter a PID which is not found in the stream, the Expert-Caption will search for the selected PID for the first few seconds of video data and then print out a message listing all of the PIDs that it found. 31

34 The PID entry boxes have no effect if the input stream is not in MPEG2 Transport format. Why? Expert-Caption can be used for extracting a single video stream out of a bundle of video streams for analysis or repair Extract Streams The Extract Streams property page allows you to set up the decoder to extract the various elementary streams from a multiplexed stream and to save the extracted streams in disk files. 32

35 Save Input Stream as Elementary Video and Audio streams These options will cause Expert-Caption to save the elementary video MPEG and elementary audio MPEG into separate stream files when decoding a MPEG -1 system stream, a MPEG -2 Program Stream or a MPEG -2 transport stream. If the video and/or audio box is checked, the video and/or 33

36 audio components of the decoded stream will be stored in the file indicated in the associated edit box. The Video and/or Audio check boxes can be selected and de-selected during the decoding process. AVC (H.264) Transport streams can be split into elementary video and audio components using the Decode Extract Streams options. Why? Expert-Caption operates on elementary video streams and therefore the video streams must be extracted from the system or program stream for stream operations. There are occasions when it is desirable to replace video or audio streams within a MPEG system and the streams must be split and stored before re-multiplexing. It is also possible to store segments of the elementary video and audio streams by selecting and de-selecting the store elementary option during the decode process Elementary Video in File: Checking this option causes the elementary MPEG1 or MPEG2 video stream to be saved into the file you have entered or selected with the adjacent Browse button Elementary Audio (or AC3 in Transport) into file: Checking this option causes the elementary MPEG1 or MPEG2, audio stream, if present, to be saved into the file you have entered or selected with the adjacent Browse button. This option will cause an AC3 stream, if present in a transport stream, to be saved. (You should give the file an.ac3 suffix.) Save Private 1 Stream (AC3 or PCM in VOB): These options will cause Expert-Caption to save all data stored as the MPEG2 private_stream_1 into the file you have entered or selected with the adjacent Browse button. VOB files (often found on DVDs) use private_stream_1 to store Dolby AC3 or uncompressed PCM audio. VOB files store MPEG audio in the elementary audio stream not the private_stream_ Save Private 2 Stream: These options will cause Expert-Caption to save all data stored as the MPEG2 private_stream_2 into the file you have entered or selected with the adjacent Browse button. VOB files (often found on DVDs) use private_stream_2 to store DVD specific data Save Closed Captioning Field1 and Field2 34

37 Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to extract closed captioning data or other data from the source MPEG stream s user_data and save the data into the file designated in the adjacent edit box. This option allows you to store the user_data in a variety of formats. The suffix of the output file determines the output format. If the output file format is a closed captioning file format, you can designate a different file for Field 1 and Field 2. The captioning can be saved for re-insertion into this or another file. The CEA-708 captioning can be saved in several formats that aid in the debugging of CEA-708 displays. The following file suffixes/formats are currently recognized:.txt Selecting a.txt file extension will extract the CEA-608 data to your designated text file. The text file contains the field number (Ch1 or Ch2), the CEA-608 commands using the acronyms defined in the specification and the translated closed captioning text that is found. The following is an example of the text file output:.scc Selecting a.scc file extension will extract the CEA-608 data from your source video, reformat it and save it as an industry standard closed captioning.scc file. This file format is a popular method of defining closed captioning. Most PixelTools products accept captioning in a.scc file format. The.SCC file format consists of a time code followed by the actual CEA-608 data that will be inserted starting at that time code two bytes per frame until the entire line of data has been sent. The.SCC file can be of drop frame or non drop frame style. The SCC data includes CEA-608 commands followed by data. The 7 bit data fields have a MSB added to set odd parity and so the commands and data are not easily readable. The following is an example of the.scc file format: 35

38 .EDL Selecting an.edl (Encoding Decision List) or a.ddl (Decoding Decision List) file extension will extract all of the user_data data from your source video and save it exactly as it appeared in the stream. The user_data can contain CEA-708 or CEA-608 closed captioning or any other public or private data. The.EDL or.ddl file can be then used to insert this user_data into a stream during encoding or into an existing elementary stream. The EDL and DDL file format was developed by PixelTools to support their line of MPEG encoders. The frame number at which the associated user_data is to appear starts the command. The command HEXUSERDATA defines the type of EDL or DDL command. The actual user_data then appears after the commands. Note that the user_data start code of 0x000001b2 will automatically be added by the PixelTools encoder or decoder when it receives that HEXUSERDATA command. The following is an example of the.edl or.ddl format saved by this option: 36

39 .COD Selecting a.cod file extension will extract the CEA-708 DTV data for all 8 DTV windows. This option displays the CEA-708 DTV control commands and associated CEA-708 text as it is encountered in the MPEG stream being decoded. The SVC number represents the logical DTVCC sub-channel service that is being utilized. The CEA-708 commands are listed in their text form with the letters that for the CEA-708 command acronym capitalized. The specific window (out of the eight possible windows) that this command is being directed towards is listed after the command. Data associated with some commands is printed out in a hex format after the command. The following is an example of the.cod file format., RAW Selecting a.raw file extension will extract the DTV data from CEA-708 closed captioning found in an ATSC wrapper. 37

40 This option displays the CEA-708 DTV raw data after being extracted from the Service Level and Packet Level wrappers. The display frame number in which the data appears is printed for each packet followed by it s frame type (I,P or B) and then followed by the frame s transmission order (which may differ from the display order as frames are sometimes transmitted in a different order than they are displayed). The Inc number is the two digit packet count which repeats from 0 through 3. The PktSize is the Packet Size listed in the start of each packet. The DataBytes is the actual number of data bytes stored in this packet. The numbers following the DataBytes number are the exact hex numbers found in this particular packet in this frame. A single frame may have multiple packets. The first next number following the DataBytes number represents the PacketSize (lower fiver bits) and the Window Incrementor (upper three bits). The numbers following the PacketSize and Window Incrementor are the hex values in the packet that contain the DTV control sequences and the actual closed captioning text. The following is and example of the.raw format: Checking the Save Digital Data or the Save Analog Data buttons prior to transcoding will cause the Digital or Analog closed captioning data to be extracted from the source video and inserted in the re-encoded MPEG as specified in the Optimize Encode Configure Line 21 dialog Save Closed Captioning Analog Data Checking this option allows you to extract the analog closed captioning that appears on one of the lines of your source video and save it a variety of formats into the file you have designated in the adjacent edit box. The file extension of your designated output file determines the format of the file to be extracted. The following file formats are recognized:.scc All non NULL CEA-608 byte pairs will be reformatted and saved along their appropriate time code into an industry standard.scc file. This file can them be used to re-insert captioning in this or 38

41 another file. It can also be used to re-insert the old Analog captioning into user_data with CEA- 708, ATSC, and SCTE formatting..txt The ASCII text and control characters encountered in the analog captioning will be saved. This is useful for verifying the captioning that exists in a specific file. Checking the Save Digital Data or the Save Analog Data buttons prior to transcoding will cause the Digital or Analog closed captioning data to be extracted from the source video and inserted in the re-encoded MPEG as specified in the Optimize Encode Configure Line 21 dialog Select Specific line to extract Analog Closed Captioning Data The Save Analog Data option causes the Expert-Caption decoder to extract the analog closed captioning data from your designated line in each frame and save the two bytes in the file you have specified below the Save Analog Data check box. Why? Closed captioning data initially was stored in non-viewable lines in old analog TV broadcast signals. Analog bandwidth permitted two closed captioning characters (8 bits each) to be encoded in a non viewable line on each field. Some MPEG encoders encode this analog signal into extra lines at the top of each encoded frame. This Expert-Caption option allow you to extract the two bytes per line, store them in a text file, and/or encode them into user_data per the current DVD and HD specifications. If you save the analog captioning into the industry standard.scc file format, you can use Expert-Caption to insert CEA-608 or CEA-708 captioning into an existing MPEG stream or into a stream during encoding Extract Frames The Extract Frame property page provides controls for decoding and saving individual frames to disk files. These options can be changed during stream decoding. You can quickly extract only those frames you want by seeking to a point ahead of your extraction point in a MPEG stream, decoding individual frames up to the exact extraction point, checking the Store Decoded Frames option, and then running the decoder for the desired number of extracted frames. 39

42 Save Decoded Frames to Output Files Selecting this check-box will cause the decoder to save every decoded frame to a file. A valid file name must be entered in the associated edit box. The decoder can store frames in three popular formats: YUV, TGA, or BMP. YUV files will be the smallest size. TGA files are most common in 40

43 frame grabbing applications. The suffix of the Output Frame name will determine what format the frame will stored as. Valid suffixes are YUV for YUV files; TGA for TGA files; and BMP for BMP files. The output file name also must have a number embedded in the file name. This number is incremented by the decoder after every file write. Valid file names are: Frame0.YUV Frame023.Bmp or Frame3x.Tga The Store Decoded Frames check box can be selected and de-selected as desired throughout the decoding process. Why? Expert-Caption can re-encode these decoded frames and re-insert them into the original MPEG stream using the Replace or Insert functions. You can touch up the frames using your favorite image editor and re-insert the resultant files into the MPEG compressed bit-stream. Also, selected video frames can be "captured" from the MPEG file by enabling the Store Decoded Frames check box at appropriate points throughout the stream. The Decode Seek function provides additional capability to quickly retrieve files from anywhere within a large MPEG file RGB to YUV Conversion This option allows selection of the RGB to YUV conversion specifics. Selection of the Video mode causes the full RGB range to be converted to the full YUV range. Selection of the Graphics mode causes the full RGB range to be scaled to the standard graphics range. Why? Computer generated graphics are often in the range 0 to 255. Standard television video is in the range of 16 to 240. Selecting the Graphics mode causes the encoder to reduce the 0 to 255 RGB source to the 16 to 240 range to be compatible with standard signals. Note that selecting the Video mode does not limit the input source range. The video mode allows 0 to 255 values to be encoded as 0 to 255 values. It is often the case that video frames are themselves limited to 16 to 240 values. The graphics mode makes computer generated frames compatible with the video levels. 41

44 8.4.4 Fix Stream The Fix Stream control allows you to update all headers of the selected type throughout the entire encoded MPEG stream. This process occurs very fast as no transcoding takes place. You can select one or all of the options. To perform the fix process, depress the Decode Run button. The process can be sped up by disabling the coding via checking the Decode Configure Disable Decode control. Note that these options change the headers only and do not change the actual encoding. It is very easy therefore to produce an illegal MPEG stream where the headers do not correspond with the content. 42

45 Save Fixed File 43

46 The Save Fixed File edit box and associated Browse button are used to select the name of the file that will be used to save the fixed MPEG stream. These controls are enabled once one of the fix options is checked. If the Fixed File Name is entered as -, Expert-Caption will save the output to a file with the identical prefix as your source input file but with the suffix Fixed.vbs. This facilitates the batch mode functionality of Expert-Caption Save Multiplexed Format Checking the Save Multiplexed Format check box will just modify the requested bits within the existing Program or Transport stream if the Fix update does not change the length of the elementary video stream. Updating the Top First Flag or resetting the GOP time code are examples of fix processes that can be do not change the length of the elementary video stream and can output the original multiplexed format including all private data. The Save Multiplexed Format check box will cause automatic audio extraction and remultiplexing if the Fix update includes options that change the length of the video stream. Inserting closed captioning and ADF flags are examples of operations that require re-multiplexing. The source multiplexed file format is analyzed at the start of the Fix process. The audio is extracted coincident with the video Fix process. Once the elementary video has been Fixed and the audio has been extracted, Expert-Caption automatically re-multiplexes the video and audio to the same multiplexing type (Transport or Program stream) and identical bit-rate as the source video Update Top First Flag Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to update all of the top_first flags in the stream. Checking the top_first value will cause all top_first flags to be set to true. Unchecking the top_first value will cause all top_first flags to be cleared to false. This flag has no affect the MPEG encoding. This flag instructs the decoder which field to display first Update Repeat First Flag Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to update all of the repeat_first flags in the stream. Checking the repeat_first box will cause all repeat_first flags to be set to true. Unchecking the repeat_first box will cause all repeat_first flags to be cleared to false Update Low Delay Flag 44

47 Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to update all of the low_delay flags in the stream. Checking the low_delay box will cause all low_delay flags to be set to true. Unchecking the low_delay box will cause all low_delay flags to be cleared to false. This flag has no effect on the MPEG encoding. This flag indicates to decoders that there are no B frames in this stream. Note that if you set this flag true in streams that have B frames, the stream may not be decoded properly in some decoding situations Update Progressive Frame Flag Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to update all of the prog_frame flags in the stream. Checking the prog_frame box will cause all prog_frame flags to be set to true. Unchecking the prog_frame box will cause prog_frame flags to be cleared to false Update Progressive Sequence Flag Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to update all of the prog_seq flags in the stream. Checking the prog_seq box will cause all prog_seq flags to be set to true. Unchecking the prog_seq box will cause all prog_seq flags to be cleared to false Update Constrained Parameter Flag Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to update all of the constr_par flags in the stream. Checking the constr_par box will cause all constr_par flags to be set to true. Unchecking the constr_par box will cause all constr_par flags to be cleared to false. This flag has no effect on the MPEG encoding. The flag informs the decoder that the stream parameters do not exceed those specified in the constrained parameter set Update Closed GOP Flag Checking this option causes Expert-Caption to update all of the closed_gop flags in the stream. Checking the closed_gop box will cause all closed_gop flags to be set to true. Unchecking the closed_gop box will cause all closed_gop flags to be cleared to false. Note that this fix process does not actually change the GOPs and so if you set the closed_gop flag on a stream with open GOPs, the stream may not be decoded properly in some decoding situations Update Aspect Ratio Code 45

48 This option updates all of the aspect_ratio codes with the AspectRatio selected in the combo box. The aspect ratio has no effect on the MPEG encoding. The code tells the decoder the aspect ratio of the source Update Frame Rate Code This option updates all of the frame_rate codes with the FrameRatio selected in the combo box. This option does not change the actual encoded bit-rate. The MPEG encoding output bit-rate is very much a function of the input frame rate and so changing the frame_rate codes may produce un-intended playback issues Update Profile Code This option updates all of the profile codes with the Profile selected in the combo box. The Profile code has no effect on the MPEG encoding. The code informs the decoder of the maximum set of stream encoding values that this stream can contain Update Level Code This option updates all of the level codes with the Level selected in the combo box. The Level code has no effect on the MPEG encoding. The code informs the decoder of the maximum set of stream encoding values that this stream can contain Update Video Input Code This option updates all of the video_input codes with the Video Input selected in the combo box. The Video Input code has no effect on the MPEG encoding. The code tells the decoder original source of the video Update Matrix Coefficient Code This option updates all of the matrix_coefficient codes with the Matrix Coefficients selected in the combo box. The Matrix Coefficient code has no effect on the MPEG encoding. The code tells the decoder the color conversion used in generating the YUV for MPEG encoding.. 46

49 Reset MPEG Time Code This option causes the stream to re-write all time codes in the GOP headers with a new timecode sequence. The new time code will start with the values entered in the TimeCodeHour, TimeCodeMinute, TimeCodeSecond, TimeCodeFrame edit boxes and increment every GOP header as a function of the frame rate, number of frames and the DropFrame state Update Pan and Scan Frame Size This option causes sequence_display_extension headers to be updated or added with the horizontal_display_size and the vertical_display_size entered in the horizontal and vertical edit boxes. This is commonly known as the Pan and Scan size and defines an alternative display window size. The Pan and Scan frame size has no effect on the MPEG encoding. The headers tell the decoder what size it should make its alternate display window if one is desired Reset MPEG Time Code The Decode Fix Stream option will update a Program, System, or Transport multiplexed stream and only change the selected headers if the Save Multiplexed Format option is checked and selected change does not require a change of stream length. The Save Multiplexed Format option does not support changes requested via Expert.ddl file mechanism or the Insert XDS flags. If the Save Multiplexed Format is not checked, the Decode Fix will still update a Program, System, or Transport stream but will save the fixed stream as an elementary stream Insert XDS Flags Checking the Insert XDS Flags causes the selected add XDS flags to be added to an existing MPEG elementary stream without re-encoding. Checking the Insert XDS Flags check box will cause the decoder to add a set of Line 21 extended data at four second intervals throughout the stream. Included in the data are CGMS and APS flags The CGMS flags can have one of the following options: Copy Freely Copy Once Copy Never The APS flags can have one of the following options: 47

50 Off Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 48

51 The Content Advisory flags can have one of the following options: none MPA: G MPA: PG MPA: PG-13 MPA: R 49

52 MPA: NC-17 MPA: X USA TV-YG USA TV-Y7 USA TV-G USA TV-PG USA TV-14 USA TV-MA Can Eng E Can Eng C Can Eng C8 Can Eng G Can Eng PG Can Eng 14+ Can Eng 18+ Can Eng Fr E Can Eng Fr C Can Eng Fr 8 ans+ Can Eng Fr 13 ans+ Can Eng Fr16 ans+ Can Eng Fr 18 ans+ Selecting the none options disables the addition of the advisory beacons. The following Content Labels are also supported: V (Violence) This also adds the FV fantasy violence flag for children s programming. D (suggestive Dialog; usually about sex) L (coarse or crude Language) S (Sexual situations) Active Format Description Checking this option causes decoder to insert your selected Active Format Description (AFD) headers to your MPEG stream every frame. One of following AFD options can be selected: box 16:9 top box 14:9 top box > 16:9 center same as coded format 4:3 center 16:9 center 14:9 center 4:3 protect 14:9 center 16:9 protect 14:9 center 16:9 protect 4:3 center 50

53 AFD headers instruct decoders that display different dimensions than that of the encoded video how to display the content Line 21 Closed Captioning Checking the Add Closed Captions or Commands From File check box, causes the decoder to read and execute commands in a PixelTools.DDL file or a PixelTools EDL file or to insert closed captioning as defined in an industry standard.scc or.cap file. Refer to the DDL file section to review the DDL commands that are available Closed Captioning File Format Expert-Caption inserts closed captioning that is stored in a variety of file formats. The formats contain the closed captioning text and control codes along with the time code at which the text and commands are to be inserted in the stream. The captions can be stored in a PixelTools.edl [Encoding Decision List] command file, an a PixelTools.ddl [Decoding Decision List] command file, an industry standard.scc file or.cap. The.edl file or.ddl can contain the actual closed captioning text along with time code or frame numbers; The.edl or.ddl file can also contain the.scc codes or the actual hex data to be inserted in user data. The.scc file must be formatted per the industry standard Scenarist Closed Captioning file format. The PixelTools.edl and.ddl files are very useful in copying exact captioning from one file to another file. You can use the Decode section of the tool to Extract the caption stream as a.ddl file. This file contains the actual binary data and the associated time code. This file can then be used as the encoding caption file source to insert the exact same captions at the exact same time code where there were extracted Dual Language Captioning Expert-Caption can insert two captioning files simultaneously into your MPEG stream. These two captioning files can be two different language version of the captioning. The alternate language captioning file must be in the same folder as the primary folder and must have the same name and prefix as the primary captioning file but must have a _A at the end of the file prefix. For example, if your primary file is named CheezeCake.Scc your alternate language file must be named CheezeCake_A.Scc and stored in the same folder. 51

54 Closed Captioning Format The closed captioning can be inserted per several format specifications: CEA 608 Selecting this option causes your closed captioning text data to be reformatted as CEA 608 data including control characters as Rollup 3 style captioning. The captions are added two characters per picture user_data header per frame in transmission order. The closed captioning data in this format starts with Selecting this option causes your SCC commands to be inserted as two characters per picture user data in transmission order and embedded in the appropriate 608 headers. Selecting this option causes HEXUSERDATA to be inserted as is in transmission order into picture user_data headers. The HEXUSERDATA must contain the appropriate CEA 608 wrapper ATSC/ CEA 608 Selecting this option causes your closed captioning text data to be reformatted as CEA 608 data including control characters as Rollup 3 style captioning. The captions are added two characters per picture user_data header per frame in display order. The 608 data is embedded in SCTE-21 and ATSC data. The closed captioning data in this format starts with Selecting this option causes your SCC commands to be inserted as two character per frame in display order and embedded in the appropriate 608, SCTE-21 and ATSC headers. Selecting this option causes HEXUSERDATA to be inserted as is in display order into picture user_data headers. The HEXUSERDATA must contain the appropriate ATSC/CEA 608 wrapper DVD Selecting this option causes your closed captioning text data to be reformatted as CEA 608 data including DVD control characters. The captions are added at up to 15 characters per GOP user_data header. The closed captioning data in this format starts with f8. Selecting this option causes your SCC commands to be inserted as up to 15 characters per GOP user_data header. Selecting this option causes HEXUSERDATA to be inserted into GOP user_data. The HEXUSERDATA must contain the appropriate DVD format. 52

55 CEA-708 DTV Up to 18 closed captioning bytes added as a CEA-708 Window 0. The data is added to Picture user_data in transmission order. The first set of user_data defines and enables Window 0. The remaining picture user_data headers contain the closed captioning bytes which contain the text. If no text is included, the bytes are NULL. Both the Text and SCC captioning data is converted to CEA-708 commands and data CEA-708 NTSC Up to 2 closed captioning bytes added as a CEA-708 NTSC field 1 or 2 (determined by the Closed Captioning Style selection). The data is added to Picture user_data in transmission order. The user data also includes NULL DTV data. This mode is designed to facilitate legacy support of CEA 608 captioning in CEA 708 systems CEA-708 DTV & NTSC Up to 18 CEA 708 captioning bytes and 2 CEA-708 NTSC field 1 or 2 captioning bytes are added per frame. The data is added to Picture user_data in transmission order SCTE 20 Selecting this option causes your closed captioning text data to be reformatted as ANSI/SCTE20 data including control characters as Rollup 3 style captioning. The captions are added two characters per picture user_data header per frame in display order. The closed captioning data in this format starts with Selecting this option causes your SCC commands to be inserted as two character per frame in display order and embedded in the appropriate ANSI/SCTE20 headers. Selecting this option causes HEXUSERDATA to be inserted as is in display order into picture user_data headers. The HEXUSERDATA must contain the appropriate ANSI/SCTE20 wrapper SCTE 20 & CEA-708 NTSC Selecting this option causes your Text or SCC data to be inserted three times into the stream. The data will be inserted as two characters per line in an SCTE20 packet as described above. The Text or SCC data will be inserted as two NTSC characters in the 708 NTSC bytes as described above. The Text or SCC data will be converted to DTV control and data and will be inserted as a multi byte pairs of data as described in the 708 DTV section above. 53