TREE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT

Transcription

1 TREE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT CLIENT: SITE: Mr Carl Denis Aylsham Manor care Home Norwich Road Norwich Norfolk NR11 6BN The grounds and gardens of Aylsham Manor Care Home Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech Cert (ArborA) 39 Catton Grove Road Norwich Norfolk NR3 3NJ Tel

2 Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech ArborA 39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ Tel: Web: TREE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT CLIENT Mr Carl Denis Aylsham Manor care Home Norwich Road Norwich Norfolk NR11 6BN SITE INSPECTED The grounds and gardens of Aylsham Manor Care Home INSPECTED BY Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv TREECARE Consultants Ltd 39 Catton Grove Road Norwich NR3 3NJ DATE OF REPORT 23 August 2013

3 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. The Site 3. Conclusion 4. Comments 1.1 Assignment 1.2 Tree hazard risk assessment 1.3 Documents and information provided 1.4 Limitations and use of copyright 1.5 Disclaimer 1.6 Qualifications and experience 2.1 Site visit 2.2 Site Description 2.3 Identification and location of the trees 2.4 Site Zoning 2.5 Photographs 4.1 Implementation of works 4.2 Trees subject to statutory controls 4.3 Future considerations Appendices Appendix 1 Qualifications Appendix 2 Explanation of tree hazard risk assessment Appendix 3 Tree schedule key Appendix 4 Tree Schedule Appendix 5 Site plan Appendix 6 Policy Statement 2

4 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ASSIGNMENT I have been instructed by Mr Carl Denis of Aylsham Manor Care Home to carry out a Tree Hazard Risk Assessment of the significant trees within the garden and grounds and prepare a Tree Hazard Risk Policy. 1.2 TREE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT There are four compelling reasons to implement a Tree Hazard Risk Policy and have a structured program for tree inspections. a) Provide documented evidence that a property owner/occupier is compliant with their legal obligations to provide an adequate duty of care for visitors and users of the property. b) Reduce the risk of harm to people or property to as low as reasonably possible by managing the trees effectively. This involves a pro-active and systematic approach to identifying potential hazards, ranking them according to their severity and prioritising action to achieve an acceptable level of risk. c) Provide a prioritised and effective management schedule of works to aid budgeting and allocation of resources. d) Ameliorate tree defects by prescribing remedial maintenance. This will extend the safe useful life expectancy of the trees and preserve their important visual amenity and any wildlife habitats provided by them. 1.3 DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATION PROVIDED I was provided with instructions from Mr Carl Denis on 26 January I was also given instruction to obtain a site plan in digital format. 1.4 LIMITATIONS AND USE OF COPYRIGHT All rights in this report are reserved. No part of it may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means without our written permission. Its contents and format are for the exclusive use of Aylsham Manor Care Home and their associates. It may not be sold, lent out or divulged to any third party not directly involved in this situation without the written consent of Treecare Consultants Ltd. Trees are living organisms whose health and condition can change rapidly. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are only valid for two and a half years unless otherwise stated. Any changes to the site as it stands at present, eg building of extensions, excavation works, importing of soils, extreme weather events etc will invalidate this report. Visual tree assessment has been undertaken from ground level utilising aids such as binoculars, sounding hammer and probes where necessary. If a more detailed investigation was carried out or required in the future this will be highlighted in the text. A more detailed investigation may take the form of a climbing inspection, decay assessment or root collar investigation. 3

5 1.5 DISCLAIMER I have no connection with any of the parties involved in this situation that could influence the opinions expressed in this report. 1.6 QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE I have based this report on my site observations and investigations and I have come to conclusions in the light of my academic and experiential knowledge. I have qualifications and practical experience in arboriculture and list the details in Appendix 1. 4

6 2. THE SITE 2.1 SITE VISITS I carried out several site visits throughout 2012 and early 2013 in order to observe the trees throughout the various seasons. Winter time inspections are best for observing the structural integrity of the stem and main limbs, autumn is best for observing fungal fruiting bodies and summer and spring is the optimum time for assessing tree vigour and vitality. 2.2 SITE DESCRIPTION Aylsham Manor is located near the junction of Norwich Road and Burgh Road close to the town centre. The Manor is the town s oldest building. It is a fine 17 th Century; Grade 2 listed building, set within a historic town. It was formerly the Archbishop s summer palace and the period building retains many of the original features. The building has been modified several times over the years and more recently converted into a residential care home for the elderly. The home offers 28 places to residents, with two spaces for day care residents. The old Manor is set within approximately three acres of wooded grounds. The main access to the site is from Norwich Road to the west and the access drive leads to a staff and visitors car park area in front of the main house. There are well kempt, ornamental gardens to the north, east and south of the main house. These gardens include seating areas, lawns, specimen trees, and mature shrub beds. Around the periphery of the grounds are dense woodland tree belts with mainly natural species trees and shrubs with the occasional exotic specimen. Of particular note is a large spreading Cedar of Lebanon, Large Coast Redwood and several large Oaks. 2.3 SITE ZONING The first step in tree risk management is relating the tree s location in the context of the levels of use of the area around it. The assessment should determine which trees are in areas of high, moderate or low public access, or if the trees could fall onto areas of high public use or onto valuable property that could be damaged. At Aylsham Manor I have zoned the site as follows; HIGH RISK ZONE (marked as red tree centres on the site plan) trees on the north and west boundaries of the site which are within close proximity to the public highways and footpaths. MODERATE RISK ZONE (marked as blue tree centers on the site plan) trees internal to the site with intermittent pedestrian or vehicle activity. These are trees within or adjacent to the ornamental gardens or close to neighbouring properties. LOW RISK ZONE (marked with green tree centers on the site plan) trees internal to the site in secluded or rarely used areas. 5

7 2.4 IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION OF THE TREES The trees in question have been marked with numbered tags which correspond with the survey schedule. I have illustrated the approximate locations of the significant trees on an Ordinance Survey site plan and the tree centers have been coloured to indicate if the trees are in either high, medium or low risk areas. The position of the trees is estimated and the plan should not be used for direct scaling measurement. All the relevant information on the trees is contained within the tree schedule. 6

8 2.4 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS 7

9 8

10 3. CONCLUSION The principal trees have been individually tagged and visually assessed. I have prepared a site plan with the significant trees plotted and produced a detailed tree schedule. From my findings, I have produced a prioritised work schedule set out below. No trees were identified as an unacceptable risk, which would have required immediate action. Fourteen trees were identified as high risk, marked in purple in the schedule. Fifteen trees were identified as moderate risk, marked in yellow in the schedule. Trees marked in purple should be priority over the yellow. Trees marked in green on the tree schedule (appendix 4) are low priority with either no recommended work or suggestions for general maintenance work to improve the tree s condition. This proactive management can improve the condition of the tree stock and potentially save money in the future. These have not been included in the hazard risk work schedule below. I have given guidance on when priority 2 and 3 work should be carried out. PRIORITY 2 TREES WITHIN 6 MONTHS Tree Tag Species Action No No Scots Pine Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Reduce the end loading of the extended branch over the highway. Remove the split and hanging branch in the lower crown London Plane Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. Carry out further investigation of the cavity at the stem base with a Picus Tomograph Lawson Fell to near ground level. Cypress Holly Fell to near ground level Holly Fell to near ground level European Fell to near ground level. Larch Sycamore Fell to near ground level Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m Hornbeam Remove the deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches over the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m Hornbeam Remove the deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches over the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m Sycamore Fell to near ground level Sycamore Fell to near ground level Holly Coppice to near ground level Norway Maple Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Reduce and shape the crown into a natural form. Tip reduce the extended side branches to lessen the end loading. Tip reduce by approximately 1.5-2m. 9

11 PRIORITY 3 TREES WITHIN 18 MONTHS Tree Tag Species Action No No Scots Pine Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Remove the split and hanging branch in the upper crown Holly Fell to near ground level and treat with systemic herbicide Scots Pine Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Tip reduce the extended branch over the highway Common Lime Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches Sycamore Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m Remove the deadwood over the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m Sycamore Fell to near ground level. Poor quality tree Ash Fell to near ground level Cork Oak Reduce and balance the weight loading of the crown. Slightly too reduce loading on the roots Common Oak Sweet Chestnut Ash Fell to near ground level Cedar of Lebanon Western Red Cedar Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. Selectively reduce the loading on the northwest limb and storm damaged limbs. Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. Reduce the end loading of any vulnerable branches. Reduce back the branches from the adjacent building. Tip reduce the extended side branches to lessen the end loading. Remove large pieces of deadwood. Carry out follow up decay assessment. Fell to near ground level. 10

12 4. COMMENTS 4.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF WORKS All treework should be carried out to BS 3998:2010 Tree work - Recommendations. 4.2 TREES SUBJECT TO STATUTORY CONTROLS Individual trees and woodlands in any location may be protected by legislation for various reasons. The reasons for protection can include visual amenity, biodiversity, wildlife protection or to avoid unnecessary tree loss. Substantial penalties can be incurred for contravention of legal protection. The main type of protection in an urban setting is when trees are protected within a Conservation Area or by a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) or if the are occupied by specific wildlife. Conservation Area In Conservation Areas, trees of a diameter greater than 75mm, measured at 1.5m from ground level are automatically protected (except in certain circumstances) under the Town and Country Planning Act Notice of intent is required to be given to the Local Planning Authority (LPA) before work is carried out. An application form can be downloaded from the LPA website. The LPA has six weeks to decide whether the tree should be made subject to a Tree Preservation Order. If the LPA do not respond within the six week period, then the tree work that has been applied for may proceed. Tree Preservation Order (TPO) A Local Planning Authority (LPA) can protect trees and woodlands with a Tree Preservation Order in the interest of good amenity. In general, it is prohibited in the Town & Country Planning (Tree Preservation) (England) Regulations 2012 to cut down, top, lop, uproot, willfully damage or willfully destroy a tree without the Planning Authority s permission. It will be necessary to apply to the LPA for permission to carry out any work on protected trees. The LPA has eight weeks to respond to the application to either refuse or permit the work applied for. The LPA can also make alternative work recommendations. If an application for work is refused, or allowed subject to conditions, or if the council fails to deal with the application within 8 weeks, the applicant has a right of appeal to the Secretary of State under the provisions of section 78 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended). At the time of inspection I do not know if any specific tree protection is applicable to this site although I would anticipate that it is within a Conservation Area. The work specified in this report is necessary for reasonable management and should be acceptable to the LPA. However, tree owners should appreciate that they may take an alternative point of view and have the option to refuse consent. 11

13 Habitats Regulations Bats, nesting birds and some mammals are protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and (as amended) Wildlife and Countryside Act A risk assessment will be required prior to commencement of any tree work or felling to assess the likelihood of disturbing or endangering any protected wildlife or habitat. If any protected species are present in any of the trees, or if the tree has a known bird nest or bat roost, then consultation with the Statutory Nature Conservation Organisation (SNCO) must be undertaken, prior to commencement of work. 4.3 FUTURE INSPECTIONS The trees should be inspected every two and a half years by a Professional Tree Inspector (LANTRA) and the documentation updated accordingly. This re-assessment of the trees will be easier and less costly than the initial assessment as the inspection system is already in place; the trees have been tagged and plotted on the site plan. Each tree will need to be visually assessed but the schedule will only need altering if changes have occurred. 12

14 Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech ArborA 39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ Tel: Web: APPENDIX 1 QUALIFICATIONS 13

15 APPENDIX 1 Nick Coleman MSc Arb MArborA CEnv Qualifications and Professional Development 1. QUALIFICATIONS Chartered Environmentalist (CEnv) 2008 Arboricultural Association / Society for the Environment LANTRA Professional Tree Inspection July 2007 Professional Member of the Arboricultural Association MArborA MSc in Arboriculture and Community Forest Management 2002 Middlesex University NPTC certificates of competence in Arboriculture Certificate in Management Studies 1989 Norwich City College Surrey County Diploma in Arboriculture 1981 Merrist Wood College Ordinary National Diploma in Arboriculture 1981 Merrist Wood College, Surrey City and Guilds I Horticulture 1977 Isle of Ely College, Wisbech 2. CAREER SUMMARY Nick Coleman began his career with trees in 1976 serving an apprenticeship with Peterborough Development Corporation, mainly tackling the ravages of Dutch elm disease. As part of the OND course he spent a year in Denmark for the Scandinavian Institute of Trees and Shrubs, gaining practical experience as a trainee arborist. Following the completion of the college course, he gained a wide practical knowledge of all aspects of commercial arboriculture. He worked as a craftsman arborist for Southern Tree Surgeons Ltd in both England and Ireland. In 1985 he joined Norwich City Council s Tree Department gaining the post of chargehand arborist. In 1989 he went into partnership with Colin McDonald and formed Treecare. In June 2005 the business became incorporated as Treecare Consultants Ltd. Through practical experience, continual professional development and further academic qualifications, Nick has now gained a reputation as an arboricultural consultant. 3. AREAS OF EXPERTISE Tree ecology and conservation advice, in particular with relation to the specific needs of ancient trees Tree hazard risk assessments for tree owners Decay assessment and mapping Mortgage and Insurance reports to assess the influence of trees on buildings (Nick is a consulting arborist for the Association of Mortgage and Insurance Users Group) Pre-development site surveys and arboricultural implication studies Tree management reports to prioritise maintenance programs Tree related insurance claims Diagnosis of tree disorders General arboricultural advice Woodland design for conservation 14

16 4. CONTINUAL PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Some relevant courses attended: What s new in tree risk management and tree heritage assessment Nov 2012 Veteranisation Course National Trust Nov 2012 Bats Survey: Surveying Trees March 2011 Biology of Decay in Trees National Trust October 2010 Modern Diagnostic Devices for Decay/Defect Assessment April 2010 Meripilus Seminar November 2008 Subsidence and Trees: A Collaborative Approach October 2008 Decay Detection Master Class (Picus Sonic Tomograph) July 2008 Professional Tree Inspection July 2007 Tree Morphology Part II June 2007 Certificate in Continuing Education : Field Identification of Fungi October 2006 The Future of Tree Risk Management September 2006 Preparing for and giving evidence at Public Local Inquiries September 2006 British Standard 5837 Applications and Implications March 2006 Tree Morphology March 2006 Mean Streets, Trees in the Urban Environment Feb 2006 Life Within and Beneath The Tree November 2005 Arboriculture and Bats Guide for Practitioners October 2005 Bats in Woodlands, Ecology, Survey and Mitigation September 2005 Decay Detection Master Class (Picus Sonic Tomograph) - May 2005 Defensible Tree Management Systems October 2004 Root Mechanics and Tree Engineering with Dr Claus Mattheck May 2004 Writing Professional Reports Workshop April 2004 Discussions and Demonstrations of Cable Bracing March 2004 Enhancing the Management of Ancient Trees Ancient Tree Forum June 2003 Tree Statics and Dynamics Seminar July 2003 Principles of Tree Risk Assessment July 2002 Tree Mechanics with Dr Claus Mattheck 2002 Biology of Decay in Trees Hatfield Forest November 2001 International Society of Arboriculture Insurance and Mortgage Module Course December 1997 Modern Arboriculture A System Approach to Practical Tree Care Dr Alex Shigo PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Arboricultural Association (Professional Member) Consulting Arborist Society (Professional Member) Association of Mortgage and Insurance Users Group Active member of the Ancient Tree Forum International Society of Arboriculture Tree Care Industry Association The Tree Register of Britain and Ireland Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Bat Conservation Trust 15

17 Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech ArborA 39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ Tel: Web: APPENDIX 2 EXPLANATION OF THE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION Trees are important part of our urban landscape and are often taken for granted. They are important for visual amenity as their aesthetic beauty breaks up and softens the surrounding built environment. They signal the change of seasons, by producing flowers, fruit and autumn colour. They produce large quantities of oxygen, filter pollution and shelter us from wind and sun light. Trees are living organisms and on occasions can be prone to failure of parts of their structure or on rare occasion s total failure. In recent years there has been an average of around six tree related deaths annually, which is a chance of 1 fatality per 10 million of the population. Compared with other daily risks such as industrial or traffic accidents, this figure is broadly acceptable and tolerable. These risks will increase slightly in highly populated urban areas with a high concentration of people in close proximity to trees. Nonetheless, tree related accidents can occur and are very traumatic for those involved. Fortunately these tragic incidences are rare but do tend to get high profile coverage in the media. This can lead to a disproportionate apprehension of trees and can result in unnecessary tree removal and overzealous tree pruning. 16

18 Example of cataclysmic tree failure LEGAL FRAMEWORK There is an obligation of reasonable safety owed by a sites owner, or manager to both visitors and to those adjacent to the site under the Occupier s Liability Act 1957 and as revised in The owner or manager of the land may be held liable for any physical harm to persons or property arising from an accident that was both reasonably foreseeable and reasonably preventable in that situation. In order for an owner or manager to foresee and prevent harm arising from tree failure, it is necessary to subject the trees to regular inspection by someone competent to identify defects and interpret the significance to public safety. Regular inspection should take the form of a formal Tree Hazard Risk Assessment. DUTY OF CARE The law assumes that the owner or manager of a tree is the owner or manager of the land surrounding the base of its trunk The person responsible for any tree has a duty, known in law as the duty of care, to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which they could foresee would be likely to cause harm or damage. In practice it is never possible to completely eliminate all danger. The law therefore simply requires that the owner or manager takes reasonable care to identify possible sources of foreseeable danger and when hazards have been identified they should remove them as far as possible. Negligence is a breach of legal duty resulting in damage. For example, when a tree owner or manager fails to take necessary action when a danger is foreseeable, resulting in harm to people, animals or property. 17

19 The law does not require or expect the impossible. The duty on owners or manager is not to take every possible step to achieve perfect safety, as this would mean almost every tree being felled to remove all risk. The duty of the owner is rather to take all reasonable care to ensure that people are safe. What is "reasonable" must ultimately be a matter of judgment for the tree owner or manager and their professional advisers (tree consultants). In order to provide an adequate duty of care, a formal tree risk assessment is necessary, in which two separate factors of Hazard and Risk are addressed. HAZARD AND RISK Hazard is the potential for a tree to mechanically fail or impact on something and cause physical harm. Risk is the probability or likelihood that harm will occur during a stated period of time and the consequences of the impact. TREE HAZARDS A tree s shape and form is governed by the laws of mechanics, the same as any structure, but trees are also dynamic and lay down tension and compression wood to compensate for weight and wind loading and produce reaction wood in response to decay or structural weaknesses. In fact, trees have evolved to have excessive mechanical safety factors in order to cope with extreme weather conditions. Trees are also naturally shedding organisms and regularly drop twigs, branches and occasionally limbs as part of the natural growing process. A tree s structural integrity can also be compromised by natural faults and biological factors such as fungi, bacteria and viruses which influence wood strength at a cellular level. They can also be impacted by environmental influences such as wind, flooding, pollution, compaction, physical impact etc. The signs of possible structural weakness are usually evident from external inspection by a trained and experienced person who can evaluate the potential hazard risk and prescribe remedial action TREE RISK ASSESSMENT Tree Risk Assessment is comprised of four separate factors which are considered independently. Identified Hazard (defect) - From a risk perspective, a defect is an identifiable fault in the tree which may pose as a hazard. Defects and symptoms are not the same. e.g., decay is a defect, whilst a fungal fruiting body is merely a symptom or indicator of decay. Trees may have multiple defects, most risk assessment methods propose using the most likely to fail defect as the measurable input for the probability of failure category. This may not be the defect related to the greatest risk, e.g., small deadwood is generally more likely to fail than a large co-dominant stem, however depending on the consequence and failure likelihood the codominant stem may be a far higher risk. The size of the identified hazard part -The size of the identified part of the tree considered most likely to fail is also very relevant. A small piece of dead wood may have the same risk of falling as a split branch or a whole tree with basal decay but the consequences of that failure are very different; ranging from slight injury or damage to possible fatalities or major structural damage. 18

20 Risk - Risk is the estimated chance or likelihood of a previously identified tree hazard failing in the next coming year. For example a large seasoned piece of deadwood in a tree is less likely to fail than a split and hanging branch which is moving in the wind. Risks can range from extremely likely to remote. Target Target rating relates to the location of the tree and the occupancy and intensity of use of the land surrounding it. This category relates to the occupancy zone previously allocated to the area around the tree. Any person, animal or property that is in range of a potential tree hazard is known as a target. For example, a mature tree with a large split limb in remote woodland would be considered a high hazard but a low risk. The same tree on a busy urban street would be considered a high hazard and a high risk. Target ratings range from low, moderate to high. 19

21 Example of high hazard with high risk (public recreation area) Example of high hazard with moderate risk 20

22 Example of high hazard with low risk (remote woodland) TRAINING In recent years it has been realised that there is a need to have a standardised method of inspecting trees and this has to be carried out by practitioners who have been specifically trained, assessed and accredited to a nationally accepted level. The Arboricultural Association devised a national standard for tree inspection and the training provider is LANTRA who are the Sector Skills Council for the environment and land-based industries. At present there are two accredited levels of tree inspection. Basic Tree Survey and Inspection to identify common signs and symptoms that may lead to tree or limb failure and methods of reporting this information. Professional Tree Inspection for experienced and qualified inspectors who undertake indepth inspections and make final decisions on complex safety issues. 21

23 Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech ArborA 39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ Tel: Web: APPENDIX 3 TREE SCHEDULE KEY 22

24 The tree schedule contains the following data: Tree Number Each tree is given a number for the purpose of location identification. This number is specified in the schedule and on the site plan. Type Tag No Common Name Botanical Name Tree age Represents the type of vegetation being assessed. These are:- Tree (T), Group (G), Stump (S), Shrubbery (B), Woodland (W), Small Tree of limited risk (K). Tree (T) will be the most common entry. Each tree has been marked by a numbered tag for on site identification. Where possible this number is related to, or similar to the given tree number. There may be occasions when the tag number bears no relationship to the tree number, but is still useful for on site identification. The tree species have been identified and both common and botanical names are given in separate columns. Young (Shown as Y in the schedule) juvenile tree with dominant leading shoot growth and short side branches. Vigorous growth and often of conical form. Semi-mature (Shown as SM in the schedule) young adult tree, leading shoot growth may not always be dominant but side branches are usually ascending. Vigorous growth, flower and seed production. Minimal deadwood. Early maturity (Shown as EM in the schedule) adult tree with the main framework of the crown formed. Not yet at full dimensions. Vigorous growth and some shedding of inner branches and deadwood. Horizontal side branches. Mature (Shown as M in the schedule) adult tree at full crown volume and dimensions. Maximum flower and seed production. Dead wood likely within the crown and reiteration growth in the lower canopy. Over mature (Shown as OM in the schedule) loss of overall vigor and reduction of full dimensions due to limb loss and branch tip die back. Major dead wood within the crown and possible hollowing and cavities. Retrenchment of the crown through increased reiteration growth on the lower branches. Veteran / Ancient (Shown as V in the schedule) a tree that has passed beyond maturity and is old in comparison with other trees of the same species. They often have decayed or hollow stems and branches and abundant deadwood. They are important for heritage, landscape and ecological value. 23

25 Height (m) Condition Identified Hazard: Risk Where site lines allow, tree height has been calculated by means of a laser clinometer and recorded in metres. If the use of a laser clinometer is restricted due to confined space or obscuring vegetation, the height of the tree may be estimated based on the surveyor s experience. Adjacent trees or buildings with a clear view may be measured and used as a height scale. Where several trees are located in close proximity, one tree may be measured and the other trees estimated using the measured tree as a reference. Following a systematic visual assessment the overall condition of the tree and any observed mechanical faults; fungal decay or disorders are recorded. Is the part of the tree identified in the visual tree assessment which is considered to be the most likely part to fail or is likely to cause damage or harm. Is defined as the likelihood of an identified hazard to cause damage or injury. The categorisation of risk is based upon the tree inspector s knowledge, experience and training. This risk has been categorised into five levels of probability:- i. Extremely likely when there is a likelihood of failure of an estimated 1:10 chance in a one year period. This is an unacceptable risk and requires immediate action. ii. iii. iv. Probable - when there is a likelihood of failure of an estimated 1:100 chance in a one year period. This is a high risk and requires prioritised attention in the work schedule. Possible when there is a likelihood of failure of an estimated 1:1000 chances in a one year period. This is a moderate risk in the short term and requires planned priority in the work schedule. Unlikely when there is a likelihood of failure of an estimated 1:10,000 chance in a one year period. This is a tolerable risk and requires low priority in the work schedule. v. Remote when there is a probability of failure of an estimated 1:100,000 chance in a one year period. This is a broadly acceptable risk and requires no specific allocation of resources for health and safety reasons at the present time. 24

26 Size of Hazard Is the size or weight of the identified hazard which is considered most likely to fail. This has been categorised into four size ranges. The larger the diameter or heavier the weight of the part likely to fail, the greater is its potential to have extreme consequences. The four sizes are:- i. Small below 2.5cm in diameter, small light weight branches or deadwood whose impact is only likely to cause slight injury, or inexpensive damage ii. iii. iv. Medium between 2.5cm and 10cm diameter of moderate weight likely to be a secondary branch from a main limb or small sized tree. Impact has a potential to cause serious injury, possibly disablement or hospitalisation but unlikely to be fatal. Minor damage can be caused to property. Large between 10cm and 45cm diameter and of considerable weight, likely to be a primary limb or medium size tree. Impact has a potential to cause fatal or disabling injuries, severe vehicle damage and moderate structural damage. Very large larger than 45cm diameter and of significant weight. This is likely to be failure of a mature tree s main stem, large limb or the entire tree. Impact is likely to cause fatalities or disablement, vehicles crushed and severe structural damage. Target The target is any object or area that may be impacted by a falling tree hazard. The target rating reflects the intensity of use of the immediate area around the tree and relates to the value of the property that may be damaged. It also considers the likelihood of human injury. There are three categories of target and examples of target types are listed below. i. High Principle highways such as motorways, A roads or major junctions with constant vehicle use. Public footpath with periods of concentrated pedestrian use. High valued occupied buildings. Main pedestrian assembly points. ii. Moderate Public highways with intermittent but frequent vehicle use, such as B roads. Public footpath with intermittent to frequent pedestrian use. Domestic dwellings and buildings of periodic occupation. Public open spaces with regular use. Patios, garages and outbuildings. Woodland edges near occupied land. 25

27 iii. Low Slow roads with low volumes of traffic, tracks and bridleways. Pathways with rare or low rates of pedestrian traffic. Open recreational green space or domestic gardens of rare occupancy. Low value structures, fences, inexpensive walls and garden features. Woodland interiors. Action Priority code Prescribes recommendations to minimise the risk of failure or general tree management purposes. Categorises the urgency that the recommended work should be carried out. The priority codes have been calculated using the systemic ready reckoner below. Recommended work has been categorised into four priorities: Priority 1 Urgent work requiring immediate action as soon as practically possible. Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Priority work within the work schedule that requires prompt attention and allocation of resources. Planned work to manage future hazard risk and improve tree condition. Non-safety work to improve tree condition, dependent on available resources or no foreseeable maintenance required or no maintenance PRIORITY CODE RECKONER RISK Size of Extremely Probable Possible Unlikely Remote Hazard Likely Large Medium Small Target Area Hi Mod Low Hi Mod Low Hi Mod Low Hi Mod Low Hi Mod Low Priority Action 1 Unacceptable risk immediate response 2 High risk prioritised schedule 3 Moderate risk planned action 4 Unlikely low priority or no maintenance at present 26

28 Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech ArborA 39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ Tel: Web: APPENDIX 4 TREE SCHEDULE 27

29 Tree No Type Tag No Species Botanical 1 T 501 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana SM 12 Age Height Condition An open grown narrow tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Identified Hazard Risk Size of hazard Target Branches Remote Small High 4 Priority Action 2 T 502 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris M 20 3 T 503 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 9 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There is a split and hanging branch in the upper crown. A naturally seeded tree growing beside the historic boundary wall. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. As this tree increases in size it may put direct pressure on the wall structure. Deadwood Unlikely Medium High 3 Roots Unlikely Medium High 3 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Remove the split and hanging branch in the upper crown. Fell to near ground level and treat with systemic herbicide. 4 T 504 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris M 18 An open grown tree with distorted, spreading and open crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. A long principal limb extends over the highway. Deadwood Unlikely Medium High 3 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Tip reduce the extended branch over the highway. 5 T 505 Cherry Plum Prunus cerasifera M 5 An open grown shrubby tree with leaning contorted stem. No signs of recent soil cracking or heaving. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Branches Remote Medium Moderate 4

30 6 T 506 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris SM 18 A narrow tree which has grown with a leaning habit. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main leaning stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood Remote Small High 4 7 T 507 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris M 20 An open grown tree that has previously lost its upper crown and re-established a crown with extended branches. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Extended and end loaded branch to the of the crown. There is a split and hanging branch in the lower crown. Branches Probable Medium High 2 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Reduce the end loading of the extended branch over the highway. Remove the split and hanging branch in the lower crown. 8 T 508 London Plane Platanus X hispanica M 19 9 T 509 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 5 10 T 510 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana SM 12 spreading crown. There has been some incursion into the surface root zone to construct the bin store but there are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. There is an open cavity 25cm deep at 2.5m from ground level to the south. There is dense ivy that has recently been severed. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Low branches over highway. Branches have previously been cut back from the service wires. Naturally seeded tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Conical conifer tree. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Low Branches Possible Medium High 2 Branches Remote Small High 4 Branches Remote Small High 4 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. Carry out further investigation of the cavity at the stem base with a Picus Tomograph. Remove the subdominant stem.

31 11 T 511 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana SM 10 Conical conifer tree. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Branches Remote Small High 4 12 T 512 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana SM 12 Conical conifer tree. There are no visible signs of root flare and stem taper. Tight V shaped compression fork with included bark at 2m from ground level. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Liable to structural failure at stem union. Stem Union Possible Large High 2 Fell to near ground level. 13 T 513 Taxus baccata SM 12 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches Remote Medium High 4 14 T 514 Taxus baccata SM 13 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches Remote Medium High 4 15 T 515 Beech Fagus sylvatica SM 18 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Light ivy cover within the crown. Deadwood Unlikely Small High 4 A very heavily ivy covered tree with excessive 16 T 516 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 5.5 loading. A dead ivy covered stem hung up in the 17 T 517 Holly Ilex aquifolium Y 7 neighbouring Beech. Main Stem Possible Large High 2 Fell to near ground level. Main Stem Possible Medium High 2 Fell to near ground level.

32 18 T 518 Taxus baccata Y 4.5 Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 19 T 519 Taxus baccata M 18 An open grown tree with multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Some branch stubs in the lower crow. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Remove the branch stubs in the lower crown. 20 T 520 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 18 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Small Moderate 4 21 T 521 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris SM 21 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 22 T 522 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 13 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4

33 23 T 523 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus SM 14 Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 24 T 524 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Y 7 Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Low 4 Poor quality tree. Fell in favour of neighbouring trees. 25 T 525 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus SM 14 Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Minimal root buttress flare and slender stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 26 T 526 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus M 21 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. At 3.5m from ground level the stem divides into two codominant stems. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Small Moderate 4 27 T 527 Beech Fagus sylvatica M 21 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. At 3.5m from ground level the stem divides into two co-dominant stems. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branch tip die back at the crown extremities. Deadwood Unlikely Small Low 4 Monitor for physiological decline.

34 28 T 528 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 10 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches Remote Small Low 4 29 T 529 Silver Birch Betula pendula M 24 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Light ivy cover within the crown. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 30 T 530 European Larch Larix decidua M T 531 Western Red Cedar Thuja plicata SM T 532 Common Oak Quercus robur Y 14 A significantly leaning tree with defined tension and compression stresses at the stem base. Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. The crown contains a natural amount of deadwood. Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Main Stem Possible Very Large Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 Moderate 2 Fell to near ground level. 33 T 533 Common Oak Ash Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior M 25 Two trees growing in close proximity. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Dense ivy cover throughout the crown. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4

35 34 T 534 Taxus baccata Y 7 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 35 T 535 Taxus baccata SM 14 A double stemmed tree with some heartwood decay evident but no sign of imminent failure. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Main Stem Remote Large Moderate 4 Monitor the decay at the stem base. 36 T 536 Taxus baccata Y 6 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 37 T 537 Common Lime Tilia X europaea M 28 A very large open grown tree with four co-dominant main limbs. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. The crown has previously been maintained several years ago. There is a damaged branch in the lower and a crossing branch over the car park area. Branches Possible Medium Moderate 3 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. 38 T 538 Taxus baccata Y 7.5 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 39 T 539 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 20 Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Decay and shear crack evident at the stem base possibly due to Honey Fungus. Stem Base Possible Large Moderate 2 Fell to near ground level.

36 40 T 540 Holly Ilex aquifolium Y 6.5 Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Roots Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 41 T 541 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 20 Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Remove the larger pieces of deadwood with a polesaw. 42 T 542 Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica SM 8 Shrubby, multistemmed woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Low branches overhang the neighbouring domestic garden. Branches Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Raise low branches over the neighbouring domestic garden. 43 T 543 Apple Malus SM 10 Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Low 4 Remove the larger pieces of deadwood with a polesaw. 44 T 544 Holly Ilex aquifolium M 13 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Branches Remote Medium Moderate 4 45 T 545 Holly Ilex aquifolium M 13 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Branches Remote Medium Low 4

37 46 T 546 Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Y 8 47 T 547 Silver Birch Betula pendula SM 18 Double stemmed, leaning, woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. A naturally seeded tree with a sweeping lean, growing on an old stump. The roots are under tension. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. The roots are under tension. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 Roots Unlikely Large Low 4 Fell. 48 T 548 Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Y 7 Established young tree with juvenile crown and minimal hazard potential. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. None Remote Small Low 4 49 T 549 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 18 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Remove the larger pieces of deadwood with a polesaw. 50 T 550 Taxus baccata M 8 A previously subsided tree due to root severance by fencing contractors. It has re-established sending up vertical shoots. Roots Unlikely Large Low 4 51 T 551 Holm Oak Quercus ilex M 19 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of root flare and stem taper. There is an open cavity at the stem base with evidence of decay of the central root crown. There is some signs of compensation growth around the stem base. There is an old ''tear out' wound on one of the two main limbs. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Branches Unlikely Medium Low 4 Carry out further investigation and decay mapping with Picus Tomograph. 52 T 552 Taxus baccata SM 14 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Low 4

38 53 T 553 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 16 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Low 4 54 T 554 Taxus baccata SM 10 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Low 4 55 T 555 Taxus baccata M 13 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Low branches over highway. Low Branches Possible Medium High 2 Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. 56 T 556 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus SM 14 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Low branches over highway. Low Branches Possible Medium High 2 Remove the deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches over the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. 57 T 557 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus SM 14 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Low branches over highway. Low Branches Possible Medium High 2 Remove the deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches over the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m.

39 58 T 558 Holly Ilex aquifolium Y T 559 Holly Ilex aquifolium Y T 560 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 12 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. Bark necrosis and root death due to Honey Fungus. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. Main Stem Remote Medium High 4 Manage by re-coppicing. Main Stem Remote Medium High 4 Manage by re-coppicing. Roots Probable Large High 2 Fell to near ground level. 61 T 561 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 13 Double stemmed woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium High 4 Manage by coppicing. 62 T 562 Holly Ilex aquifolium Y T 563 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 18 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. A double stemmed woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Main Stem Remote Medium High 4 Manage by re-coppicing. Deadwood Unlikely Small High 4 64 T 564 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 18 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Small High 4

40 65 T 565 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris M T 566 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM T 567 Holly Ilex aquifolium M T 568 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus M T 569 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 13 Dominant woodland tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. There is an old impact wound at height of 5m from ground level. There is some old 'tear out' wounds within the crown. Branches Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. The Low Branches Unlikely Medium High 3 ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Low branches over highway. Woodland edge tree with dominant and subdominant stem. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. A previously light suppressed tree with sweeping lean of the lower stem. No external signs of stress cracking. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Subdominant woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium High 4 Stem Base Remote Very Large High 4 Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. Reduce and balance the weight loading of the crown. Deadwood Remote Small High 4 Manage by coppicing. 70 T 570 Taxus baccata M 13 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of root flare and stem taper. Two old impact wounds on the main stem. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Low branches over highway. Low Branches Unlikely Medium High 3 Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. 71 T 571 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Y 14 Tall, narrow tree with minimal stem taper and restricted crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Two large cankers on the lower stem. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Main Stem Possible Medium High 2 Fell to near ground level.

41 72 T 572 Taxus baccata M T 573 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 13 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Low branches over highway. Low Branches Unlikely Medium High 3 Multistemmed woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches restricting highway light. Low Branches Unlikely Medium High 3 Remove the deadwood over the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. Fell to near ground level. Poor quality tree. 74 T 574 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 12 Double stemmed woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Branches Remote Medium High 4 Manage by coppicing. 75 T 575 Taxus baccata M T 576 Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasus OM T 577 Taxus baccata M T 578 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus M 24 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Profuse Deadwood ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Ivy /Low branches was severed on the day of inspection Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Low branches over highway. A large out grown multistemmed tree with subsiding limbs. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. A windblown and prone tree which has reestablished. spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Remote Small High 4 Main Limbs Remote Medium Low 4 Roots Remote Large Low 4 Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. Possibly manage by coppicing.

42 79 T 579 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana SM 16 Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches Remote Small Low 4 80 T 580 Ash 81 T 581 Sycamore Fraxinus excelsior Acer pseudoplatanus M 25 SM 17 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. Decayed and hollow stem base. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Low 4 Stem Base Possible Large Low 4 Fell to near ground level. 82 T 582 Ash Fraxinus excelsior M 25 spreading crown. Significant sapwood decay and anticipated root death due to Honey Fungus. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Roots Probable Very Large Low 3 Fell to near ground level. 83 T 583 Taxus baccata M 16 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Low 4 84 T 584 Taxus baccata M 13 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Low 4

43 85 T 585 Beech Fagus sylvatica M 16 A leaning inner woodland tree. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. here is active sapwood decay due to Honey Fungus at the stem base. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Roots Possible Very Large Low 4 Closely monitor for progression of the decay. 86 T 586 Taxus baccata M T 587 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus M 25 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. spreading crown. There are no visible signs of root flare and stem taper. There are two areas of missing bark with exposed timber at the stem base. These are most likely from historic Honey Fungus infection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. No sign of structural decay. Deadwood Remote Medium Low 4 Roots Remote Very Large Moderate 4 Monitor the stem base for secondary decay. 88 T 588 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus M 25 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 89 T 589 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus M 25 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4

44 90 T 590 Cork Oak Quercus suber SM T 591 English Elm Ulmus procera SM 14 A leaning and light suppressed tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Roots Unlikely Large Moderate 4 Branches Remote Small High 4 Monitor for Dutch Elm Disease. 92 T 592 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 14 An open grown tree with spreading multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 93 T 593 Cork Oak Quercus suber SM T 594 Beech Fagus sylvatica EM 23 A significantly leaning and light suppressed tree. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. There is a shallow cavity at the stem base. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There is a large crossing branch in the middle crown. Roots Unlikely Large Moderate 3 Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Reduce and balance the weight loading of the crown. Slightly too reduce loading on the roots. Remove the large crossing branch in the middle of the crown.

45 95 T 595 Holm Oak Quercus ilex EM 23 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 96 T 596 Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani M 28 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of deadwood in the crown with some large pieces above 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There is evidence of previous large limb failure and some exposed extended branches. Branches Remote Large Moderate 4 Remove the larger pieces of deadwood. Tip reduce the end loading of the extended side branches. 97 T 597 Common Oak Quercus robur M 29 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of root flare and stem taper. At 5m from ground level the stem divides into two co-dominant stems. The large main limb to the northwest has an area of bark smoothing at the union, possibly indicating high tension. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There is also historic storm damage within the crown. Branches Unlikely Large Moderate 3 Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. Selectively reduce the loading on the northwest limb and storm damaged limbs. 98 T 598 Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa M 28 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of deadwood in the crown with some large pieces above 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood Unlikely Large Moderate 3 Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. Reduce the end loading of any vulnerable branches.

46 99 T 599 Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica M 10 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches Remote Medium Moderate T 600 Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica M 10 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches Remote Medium Moderate T 601 Beech Fagus sylvatica EM 22 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. Positioned at entrance to ice house. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Small Moderate 4 Remove the lower deadwood with a pole saw. 102 T 602 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus SM 18 Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Small Moderate T 603 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus EM 24 A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches.

47 104 T 604 English Elm Ulmus procera M 24 Dominant woodland tree with subdominant stem with open V shaped union. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. 105 T 605 Ash Fraxinus excelsior SM 18 Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. There is an occluded stem shear crack at 3m from ground level. There is a potential for stem failure. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Main Stem Unlikely Large Moderate 3 Fell to near ground level. 106 T 606 English Elm Ulmus procera EM 15 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Moderate T 607 Taxus baccata EM 15 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Moderate T 608 Taxus baccata EM 9 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Moderate 4

48 109 T 609 Common Oak Quercus robur M T 610 Taxus baccata EM T 611 Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa M T 612 Western Red Cedar Thuja plicata SM 15 A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Some large old fractured branch stubs on the lower stem. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Narrow conical conifer. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Old impact wound at the stem base but no penetrating decay. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Deadwood Remote Medium Moderate 4 Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. Reduce the end loading of the vulnerable branch. Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. Reduce the end loading of the vulnerable branch. 113 T 613 Taxus baccata EM 15 Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Medium Low T 614 English Elm Ulmus procera EM 23 A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Deadwood Remote Small Low 4

49 115 T 615 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus M 25 A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. 116 T 616 Holly Ilex aquifolium EM 14 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Profuse suckers around stem base. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Deadwood / Branches Remote Medium Moderate T 617 Holly Ilex aquifolium EM 8 Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Profuse suckers around stem base. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Unbalanced and subsiding crown. Roots Probable Medium Moderate 2 Coppice to near ground level. 118 T 618 Taxus baccata EM 8 A previously windblown tree with root decay and leaning stem. It has re-established in a prone position. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Roots Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Reduce and balance the weight loading of the crown. 119 T 619 Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani M 26 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of root flare and stem taper. There are two old, lower stem wounds with surface brown rot. Decay assessment has previously been undertaken. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Branches are encroaching upon the adjacent building. The inner crown has previously been heavily pruned leaving multiple large pruning wounds and extended side branches with end loading. Some low branches over the adjacent car park area. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Large High 3 Reduce back the branches from the adjacent building. Tip reduce the extended side branches to lessen the end loading. Remove large pieces of deadwood. Carry out follow up decay assessment.

50 120 T 620 Taxus baccata Fastigiata EM 6 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Branches Remote Medium High T 621 Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens EM 26 Tall conical conifer. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood / Branches Remote Medium High T 622 Deodar Cedar Cedrus deodara SM 10 spreading crown. There are no visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Branches Remote Small Moderate T 623 Purple-leaved Cherry Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' EM 8 Slightly light suppressed tree with one sided crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Branches Remote Small Moderate 4 Formative prune to improve the crown structure. 124 T 624 Ash Fraxinus excelsior EM 24 Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No signs of recent soil cracking or heaving. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. The lower crown has previously been raised over the garden. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Medium Low T 625 Taxus baccata EM 14 Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood / Branches Remote Medium Low 4

51 126 T 626 Taxus baccata EM 10 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There is a group of dead branches and localised stem dysfunction to the west. Deadwood / Branches Remote Medium Low T 627 Sycamore 128 T 628 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus M 26 M T 629 Taxus baccata EM T 630 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus M T 631 Taxus baccata SM 5 A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Subdominant tree within a group. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Deadwood / Branches Deadwood / Branches Remote Medium Low 4 Remote Medium Low 4 Branches Remote Medium Low 4 Deadwood / Branches Remote Medium Low 4 Branches Remote Small Low 4 Carefully sever the ivy without damaging the trees bark. Carefully sever the ivy without damaging the trees bark. Carefully sever the ivy without damaging the trees bark. Carefully sever the ivy without damaging the trees bark.

52 132 T 632 Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus EM 14 A dominant woodland tree with single stem and crown part of the woodland canopy. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. There is an open cavity at the stem with compartmentalised decay. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Dense ivy cover throughout the crown. Stem Base Possible Large Low 4 Carefully sever the ivy without damaging the trees bark. Monitor stem base for progressive decay. 133 T 633 Norway Maple Acer platanoides SM G 634 Leyland Cypress X Cupressocyparis leylandii SM T 635 Taxus baccata Y T 636 Ash 137 T 637 Western Red Cedar Fraxinus excelsior SM 12 Thuja plicata EM T 638 Taxus baccata EM 14 A multistemmed tree with tight V shaped unions with included bark. There is an open cavity at the stem with compartmentalised decay. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Group of light suppressed conifers. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. A light suppressed, multistemmed tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. An open grown conical conifer. There is advanced decay of the stem base. Branch tip die back at the crown extremities. An open grown tree with spreading multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Stem Union Possible Large Low 4 Branches Remote Small Low 4 Branches Remote Small Low 4 Branches Remote Small Low 4 Tree of poor structural form. Coppice to 0.5m. Carefully sever the ivy without damaging the trees bark. Stem Base Probable Large Low 3 Fell to near ground level. Deadwood / Branches Remote Small Low 4

53 139 T 639 Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa M 22 An open grown tree with spreading multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There are several old storm damage wounds on the stem and throughout the crown. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture cuts. Reduce the end loading of any vulnerable branch. 140 T 640 Black Mulberry Morus nigra EM 5 This tree has previously failed and is growing in a prone position. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape. Deadwood / Branches Remote Medium Low 4 Reduce and balance the weight loading of the crown. 141 T 641 Elder Sambucus nigra M 7 A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Medium Low T 642 Norway Spruce Picea abies EM 18 An open grown conical conifer. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branches Remote Medium Low T 643 Beech Fagus sylvatica SM 14 An open grown tree with spreading multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There are several tight V shaped unions with included bark but no sign of active cracking. Branches Remote Medium Moderate 4 Formative prune to improve the crown structure.

54 144 T 644 Wild Cherry Prunus avium SM 13 An open grown tree with spreading multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There are several tight V shaped unions with included bark but no sign of active cracking. Branches Remote Medium Moderate 4 Formative prune to improve the crown structure. 145 T 645 Laburnum Laburnum anagyroides EM 7.5 An open grown tree with spreading multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Small Moderate 4 Formative prune to improve the crown structure. 146 T 646 Walnut Juglans regia Y 4 Established young tree with formative crown and minimal hazard potential. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. Branches Remote Small Moderate T 647 Norway Maple Acer platanoides EM 13 An open grown tree with spreading multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Slime flux exudation at the top of the stem. Vigorous and extended side branches with end loading. Stressed central limb with deadwood. Deadwood / Branches Possible Large Moderate 2 Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Reduce and shape the crown into a natural form. Tip reduce the extended side branches to lessen the end loading. Tip reduce by approximately 1.5-2m. 148 T 648 Rose-Bud Cherry Prunus x subhirtella EM 4 Established young tree with formative crown and minimal hazard potential. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural significant stem decay or structural faults. The upper crown has previously been reduced. Deadwood / Branches Unlikely Small Moderate 4 Formative prune to improve the crown structure.

55 Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech ArborA 39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ Tel: Web: APPENDIX 5 TREE HAZARD RISK POLICY STATEMENT Organisation Mr Carl Denis Aylsham Manor care Home Norwich Road Norwich Norfolk NR11 6BN Prepared by Nick Coleman MSc Arb MArborA CEnv Arboricultural Consultant Treecare Consultants Ltd Date: August 2013 Review Date: August 2018 (5 years time) 29

56 AYLSHAM MANOR CARE HOME TREE HAZARD RISK POLICY STATEMENT August AIM Aylsham Manor Care Home recognises that it has a duty of care to people and property from potential hazards and risks from trees under its control. By adopting a Tree Hazard Risk Policy, it ensures the organisation is compliant with its legal obligations in so far as reasonably practicable. 2. INTRODUCTION This policy statement has been prepared by Treecare Consultants Ltd on behalf of Aylsham Manor Care Home to provide a public statement of the Organisation s approach to inspection, hazard risk assessment and prescribed maintenance of its trees and woods in relation to the Occupiers Liability Act 1957 and LEGAL FRAMEWORK There is an obligation of reasonable safety owed by site owners to persons on or adjacent to the site under the Occupier s Liability Act 1957 and revised in The owner of the land may be held liable for any physical harm to person or property arising from an accident that was both reasonably foreseeable and reasonably preventable in that situation. In order for an owner to foresee and prevent harm arising from tree failure, it is necessary to subject the trees to regular inspection by a competent person who has specific training, experience and knowledge to identify tree defects and interpret the significance to public safety. This should take the form of a formal Tree Hazard Risk Assessment. 4. OB JECTIVES OF A TREE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT There are four compelling reasons to implement a Tree Hazard Risk Policy and have a structured program for tree inspections. e) Provide documented evidence that a property owner/occupier is compliant with their legal obligations to provide an adequate duty of care for visitors and users of the property. f) Reduce the risk of harm to people or property to as low as reasonably practicable by managing the trees effectively. This involves identifying potential tree hazards, ranking them according to their severity in relation to a target and prioritising action to achieve a tolerable level of risk. g) Provide a pro-active and prioritised management plan to aid budgeting and allocation of resources. 30

57 h) Identify tree defects and ameliorate them by prescribing remedial maintenance. This will extend the safe useful life expectancy of the trees and preserve the important natural amenity and wildlife habitats provided by them. 5. POTENTIAL TREE HAZARDS In recent years there has been an average of around six tree related deaths annually, which is a chance of 1 fatality per 10 million of the population. Compared with other daily risks such as industrial or traffic accidents, this figure is broadly acceptable and tolerable in comparison. Risks from trees will increase slightly in highly populated and urban areas where there is a high concentration of people in close proximity to trees. Nonetheless, when they occur, tree related accidents can be very traumatic and tragic for those involved. They also tend to get high profile coverage in the media, leading to a disproportionate apprehension of trees. This apprehension can result in unnecessary tree removal and over zealous tree pruning. A tree s shape and form is governed by the laws of mechanics, the same as any structure, but trees are also dynamic and lay down tension and compression wood to compensate for weight and wind loading. They also produce reaction wood in response to decay or structural weaknesses. In fact, trees have evolved to have excessive mechanical safety factors in order to cope with extreme weather conditions. Trees are also naturally shedding organisms and regularly drop twigs, branches and occasionally limbs as part of the natural growing process. A tree s structural integrity can also be compromised by natural faults and biological factors such as fungi, bacteria and viruses which influence wood strength at a cellular level. They can also be impacted by environmental influences such as wind, flooding, pollution, compaction, physical impact etc. The signs of possible structural weakness are usually evident from external inspection by a trained and experienced person who can evaluate the potential hazard risk and prescribe remedial action. 6. POLICIES The tree population at Aylsham Manor Care Home is recognised as a vital natural resource for amenity, wildlife habitat, shelter and screening. It is also recognised as an intrinsic part of the surrounding landscape. Aylsham Manor Care Home has engaged Treecare Consultants Ltd to devise and manage a systematic and pro-active strategy for tree hazard risk assessment at Aylsham Manor. Treecare Consultants Ltd are experienced, specifically trained and qualified to carry out tree inspections to a high professional standard. This competency will be updated through continual professional development. In order for a hazard risk assessment to be effective and affordable, it is important that most of the available resources are directed to the areas where there is potentially the most risk to people or property. This has been achieved through careful site assessment and consultation, and the site has been compartmented and designated into one of three risk zone categories. 31

58 HIGH RISK ZONE (marked as red tree centres on the site plan) trees on the north and west boundaries of the site which are within close proximity to the public highways and footpaths. MODERATE RISK ZONE (marked as blue tree centers on the site plan) trees internal to the site with intermittent pedestrian or vehicle activity. These are trees within or adjacent to the ornamental gardens or close to neighbouring properties. LOW RISK ZONE (marked with green tree centers on the site plan) trees internal to the site in secluded or rarely used areas. Individual trees within high risk zones and significant trees within medium risk zones will be individually tagged and assessed and the data will be recorded on a tree schedule. This tree schedule will be updated following subsequent re-inspection. The key data recorded will be Identified Hazard (Defect) -From a risk perspective, a defect is an identifiable fault in the tree which may pose as a hazard. Defects and symptoms are not the same. e.g., decay is a defect, whilst a fungal fruiting body is merely a symptom or indicator of decay. Trees may have multiple defects, most risk assessment methods propose using the most likely to fail defect as the measurable input for the probability of failure category. This may not be the defect related to the greatest risk, e.g., small deadwood is generally more likely to fail than a large codominant stem, however depending on the consequence and failure likelihood the co-dominant stem may be a far higher risk. The size of the identified hazard part -The size of the identified part of the tree considered most likely to fail is also very relevant. A small piece of dead wood may have the same risk of falling as a split branch or a whole tree with basal decay but the consequences of that failure are very different; ranging from slight injury or damage to possible fatalities or major structural damage. Risk - Risk is the estimated chance or likelihood of a previously identified tree hazard failing in the next coming year. For example a large seasoned piece of deadwood in a tree is less likely to fail than a split and hanging branch which is moving in the wind. Risks can range from extremely likely to remote. Target Target rating relates to the location of the tree and the occupancy and intensity of use of the land surrounding it. This category relates to the occupancy zone previously allocated to the area around the tree. Any person, animal or property that is in range of a potential tree hazard is known as a target. For example, a mature tree with a large split limb in remote woodland would be considered a high hazard but a low risk. The same tree on a busy urban street would be considered a high hazard and a high risk. Target ratings range from low, moderate to high. All trees identified as high risk (priority 1) will have the risk reduced to a tolerable level as a matter for urgency. Other necessary remedial work will be prioritised according to the degree of risk identified. Other maintenance work will be influenced by the availability of funding. A systematic approach to tree hazard and risk has been adopted. The tree will be visually assessed every two and a half years in order to incorporate the changes of season and the procedure will be reviewed every 5 years. 32

59 Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv Colin McDonald Tech ArborA 39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ Tel: Web: APPENDIX 6 SITE PLAN 33

60 KEY Surveyed tree within high risk zone Surveyed tree within moderate risk zone T555 T556 Hornbeam Surveyed tree within low risk zone 6 T544 Holly T549 Sycamore T550 T545 Holly T554 T553 Holly T m T558 T551 Holm Oak T557 Hornbeam Holly T595 Holm Oak T559 Holly T592 T593 Holly Cork Oak T594 Beech T560 Sycamore T561 Sycamore T563 Sycamore T564 T566 T562 Sycamore Sycamore T591 Holly English Elm T565 T567 Scots Pine Holly T590 Cork Oak T589 Sycamore T588 Sycamore T586 T569 Holly T568 Hornbeam T584 T570 T572 T571 Sycamore T585 Beech T573 Sycamore T574 Holly T576 Cherry Laurel T T543 T542 Apple Portugal Laurel T546 Horse Chestnut T587 Sycamore T583 T580 Ash T525 0 T T520 Sycamore 28.6m T515 T516 Holly T514 T517 Holly Beech T513 T521 Scots Pine T518 T522 Holly T519 T512 Lawson Cypress T509 T510 Holly T511 Lawson Cypress Lawson Cypress T508 London Plane Hornbeam T524 T523 Hornbeam Hornbeam T537 Common Lime T538 T541 Sycamore T540 Holly T526 Sycamore T536 T539 Sycamore Beech T528 Holly T529 Silver Birch T530 T531 European Larch Western Red Cedar T535 T547 Silver Birch T548 Horse Chestnut T532 Common Oak T533 Common Oak T534 The Aylsham Manor T596 Cedar of Lebanon T597 Common Oak T599 Portugal Laurel T598 Sweet Chestnut T600 Portugal Laurel T620 T619 Cedar of Lebanon T582 Ash T578 T581 Sycamore Sycamore T601 Beech T602 Sycamore T606 English Elm T614 English Elm T603 Sycamore T605 Ash T604 English Elm T622 Deodar Cedar T613 T607 T608 T577 T611 Sweet Chestnut T610 T579 Lawson Cypress T615 Sycamore T616 Holly T617 Holly T612 Western Red Cedar T624 Ash T609 Common Oak T625 T626 T618 Site Client Title Surveyed By Scale Treecare Consultants Ltd 39 Catton Grove Road Norwich Norfolk NR3 4HG Aylsham Manor Care Home Norwich Road Aylsham Norfolk NR11 6BN Mr Carl Denis Hazard Risk Site Plan - Sheet 1 NOT TO SCALE : Nick Coleman Do not use for direct scaling Date 12/08/2013

61 The Aylsham Manor T620 T619 Cedar of Lebanon T606 English Elm T605 Ash T604 English Elm T607 T608 T609 Common Oak KEY Surveyed tree within high risk zone T508 London Plane T624 Ash T625 Surveyed tree within moderate risk zone T622 Deodar Cedar T626 T627 Sycamore Surveyed tree within low risk zone T621 Coast Redwood T628 Sycamore T629 T623 Purple-leaved Cherry T630 Sycamore 1 to 8 T648 Rose-Bud Cherry T631 T632 Sycamore T647 Norway Maple T633 Norway Maple T636 Ash T634 Leyland Cypress T635 T507 Scots Pine T637 Western Red Cedar T506 Scots Pine T505 Cherry Plum T638 T504 Scots Pine 700 T645 Laburnum T646 Walnut T503 Holly T639 Sweet Chestnut Pond T502 Scots Pine T644 Wild Cherry T643 Beech T640 Black Mulberry Xemxija 24 T501 Lawson Cypress T641 T642 Elder Norway Spruce Site Client Treecare Consultants Ltd 39 Catton Grove Road Norwich Norfolk NR3 4HG Aylsham Manor Care Home Norwich Road Aylsham Norfolk NR11 6BN Mr Carl Denis Title Hazard Risk Site Plan - Sheet Surveyed By Scale NOT TO SCALE : Nick Coleman Do not use for direct scaling Date 12/08/2013