On The Sports Psychology Education and Teaching Reform

Transcription

1 On The Sports Psychology Education and Teaching Reform ZHU Ximei Physical Education Department, Henan Polytechnic University, China, Abstract: Sports Psychology is the study of people engaged in sports and the law of the psychological characteristics of the psychological branch of sports science in an off-hing, discipline, and physical education, sports DU will learn, exercise physiology, sports training theories and methods, as well as other theories and methods of this movement there is if the close contact. In teaching the correct use of the dynamic psychology of knowledge can increase students interest in learning to achieve more with less effect. In this paper, the importance of education in sports psychology analyzes the sports psychology education in physical education reform to the important role and makes recommendations. Keywords: physical education reform, sports psychology education, significance Sports psychology is to study the people engaged in sports and the law of the psychological characteristics of the branch of psychology, which is the sports science in a new discipline, and physical education, sport sociology, exercise physiology, sports training theory and methods, as well as other theories and methods of various sports are closely linked. Since the 20th century, 80 years, China's combination of exercise needs of practice in all sports institutions, faculties opened a sports psychology courses, undertaken a number of sports mental training and psychological selection of the study, but the basic theory of sports psychology studies much. The author based on many years experience of teaching practice and experience, mainly on how to use sports psychology in teaching to enhance students motivation to make the following discussion. 1 In Teaching Practice, the Law of the Use of Sport Psychology to Mention the Enthusiasm from the Students Teaching physical education teachers and students, teaching and learning process of bilateral activities. This process is not only the course of various physical exercises, but also the process of thinking. We should not only enhance the physical fitness of students through sports, but also the intellectual development of students so that students master the "three bases" and the scientific method of physical exercise. We know that any formation of motor skills needs to have the excitement of the process of the cerebral cortex. Thus, in teaching, not just mechanical imitation of requiring students to do exercises, more importantly, is to require student teachers to master the psychological laws. Inspire and nurture them in the proper motivation, interest in learning and attention, as well as positive thinking, in order to give full play to active learning and improve teaching quality. 1.1 The use of direct interest stimulates student motivation to learn the correct Motivation is to stimulate the activities of a person to psychological reasons, to play an active role in promoting learning is the active core. In sports, students learning motivation are diverse. But To sum up, can be divided into direct and indirect motive of two kinds of motivation. A direct motivation is directly linked with physical activity motivation, it is something of direct interest to their own motivation for learning. For example, some students see a teacher under the leadership of the other students are doing all kinds of fun games, or a fierce but exciting football going on, so that they will not help create a learning requirement that a direct motivation to learn. However, this motivation will not last long, and once to meet a temporary need, the will disappear. Prices for example, a person who fed the hungry after the interests of food disappeared. Indirect motivation is by their own will and needs of the community generated, based on up to a certain purpose as part of its motivation. For example, winter outdoor physical education students in class, some students see the cold weather, do not want to hand out more 422

2 activities, while others due to places got some students the benefits of physical exercise, bit too moral, intellectual, physical, three of the dialectical relationship, it will be able to overcome the difficulties of the cold weather hard Shanghao lesson. Thus, indirectly, to enhance and maintain motivation for students to learn, learning initiative, motivation is more important than the direct meaning of ¹. We should be good to students interested in learning motivation of direct to indirect motive to guide up. In teaching, in addition to the students made it clear that the purpose of learning, but also require students to exercise with the achievement of the "four modernizations" of the grand objectives, so that they have good health and learning through the dialectical relationship between a good, inspiring them to understand To achieve the "four modernizations" and exercise to grasp the importance of knowledge. set from the "want me to learn" becomes "I want to learn the right learning attitude, should also be using various forms of teachings inspire and guide them to. However, as we have seen in practice, we should note ¹ according to the characteristics of students of different ages. Some were used to their physical characteristics, psychological characteristics consistent style of teaching to inspire their motivation to learn. 1.2 Student interest and attention to the cultivation and use of Note the more the psychological point of a targeted and focused. Note ¹ psychological process is the feeling of things, thinking response. For example, the students note the teacher directing the students ¹ issued password for exercise is that student s response to stimuli. Teaching, in the use of injection ¹ laws, organization and maintenance of the students ¹ injection, when the students made it clear that physical exercise to ¹ justice, every lesson, every action the purpose and requirements, pointing out that the key and difficult to complete action and do may use that can cause students to pay attention because of their home, pay attention to guiding the students from passive to active attention up. For example, Education Longitudinal case straddle, it can first longitudinal adhesive plaster applied to a remote box. As a clear sign, causing the passive attention of the students, after repeated practice, students could feel the muscles know that the hand must be to hang on until the remote box in order to accomplish this action, which led to their active attention. 2 The Reform of Teaching Methods Traditional teaching methods, sports psychology is too monotonous, long-term sustainability lectures Man Tangguan situation, the teaching process is the process of teacher knowledge and deduction, rather than the students understand the process of cognitive knowledge, and also fails to link theory with practice. The means and methods of teaching is relatively backward, and a mouth, a chalk, a blackboard to solve the problem, so that a single mode of teaching is difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of students. We believe that the key to the reform of teaching methods is to give full play the leading role of teachers and students in the main role, with particular emphasis on the autonomy of the students to play a dynamic role. We have studied sports psychology students released at previous surveys, the questionnaire will be knowledge points listed in each chapter, each knowledge point of difficulty is divided into A: difficult to understand, understanding rate of 30% to 50%, such as the attribution theory, the theory of migration; B: to understand, understanding rate of 50% to 70%, such as sports participation in the power conditioning systems, motor skill learning process; C: easy to understand, understanding rate of 75% or more, such as motivation, interest, habits, attitudes, characteristics and training, sports psychology, teaching the foundation. The rate of the three selected more than 70% of all knowledge, we have adopted the following approach to teaching: First, teachers in the teaching-based teaching style, that is, a fixed line of procedural learning. Mainly students easy to understand knowledge, we highlight in the classroom. There are going to highlight the contents of the students should understand and master the basic framework of sport psychology research, namely, subject structure, including sports psychology, the object of study, methods, approaches, a variety of linkages between mental phenomena. This will not only learned to avoid the messy and disorderly, but also easier to shorten the "abstract knowledge" and "specific knowledge" between the distance. Second, for students to understand knowledge, we adopt a student-based discovery teaching is to create an environment to stimulate 423

3 students emotional scenes type. For example, the use of multi-media teaching methods to cultivate their interests, to create an enabling students to consciously and actively participate in the teaching of the relaxed and happy atmosphere, organizing discussion with students, requires students to speak out, to actively identify problems, ask questions, and timely guidance and inspiration, until they find out the relevant principles and knowledge, and can learn by analogy to summarize the principles of sports psychology, sports work in schools are more widely used. As a result, the learning interest and motivation has been to mobilize, identify problems and problem-solving ability has been improved, while good teaching and learning interactions between teachers and students are thus formed. Third, easy to understand for students of knowledge, we will be reduced to self-study or a combination of its class to explain the contents of the experiment. Learning content by teachers in the classroom layout of self-study topics, students are asked to work the form of good self-study notes, and further classroom discussion summary, self-learning content is also included in the official exam. The chapter on mental skills training, we have to learn by watching videos. Feng Xiao Yu's "psychological skills training" 1, more detailed description of the basic methods of psychological training and precautions. Students follow the procedures, followed by guided language experience of relaxation training, imagery training, pay attention to focus on training, and other major mental skills training process, immersive feel and the role of mental training to enhance the understanding of mental training, 2 hours to complete. So that a short period of 54 hours, students not only master key, but also understand the difficulties, at the same time foster the development of its self-learning ability, showing unprecedented enthusiasm for learning, increased interest in students in a positive atmosphere pleasant to knowledge played a multiplier effect. 3 To Strengthen and Improve the Status of Experimental Teaching The existing "Sport Psychology" teaching materials, the content of most of the experiment without making arrangements and sports psychology as an experimental science, the main application of experimental method to study the psychological phenomenon, sports psychology, many theories, also depends on a number of the idea of clever experiments. Therefore, we experiment in education reform to increase teaching, adding a large number of instruments and equipment to ensure that a group of 3 to 4 people, and opened seven experiments, a total of 14 hours, accounting for 26% of the total class hours. Experiments include simple and choice reaction time measurement, the determination of depth perception, pay attention to the determination of distribution capacity, the determination of the stability of motion, motor skills practice curves were measured, motor skills to migrate to the determination of critical flicker fusion frequency determination, each experiments are two hours. Teacher's careful preparations for experiments, do the pre-experiment, from the student point of view to study each experimental operation, to minimize interference with a variety of unrelated stimuli, strictly instruction steps to bring the experiment to meet the psychological experiment. Instruments are mostly psychology, the basic experimental apparatus, but in a specific experiment, the combination of physical practice, some changes were made. For example, in the depth perception test, only a distinction between monocular and binocular depth perception depth perception test, but also a distinction between whether there is feedback from the results of depth perception test, also arranged in different depth perception after the exercise load test. Through the above arrangement, students in depth perception and its influencing factors have a more profound understanding and understanding. Paying attention to the allocation of capacity to test, arranged in different learning ability under the conditions of the determination of distribution of attention and skilled ability to learn after the determination of distribution of attention, so that students a deep understanding of the distribution of attention conditions. Stability and hands in the movement coordination test, arranged individual situation and competitive situations of the test, control the time of testing, group testing of the game, because with the individual, competition and cooperation requirements, students are highly active able to discover and explore the part of the problem (Some of the students in a competitive situation test scores were significantly lower than under the individual situations of the test scores, suggesting that the structure of emotions and reward different types of skills in the operation of an impact on performance). 424

4 4 The Role of Education in Sports Psychology To sports psychology to improve student mental health education as an important means of the level of the one hand, because of sports psychology education is mainly dependent on physical training methods, so that students have a positive emotional experience, giving students a positive self-concept, thereby enhancing the body's self-worth and self-esteem. As the sport process is a positive and proactive activities in the process of carrying out sports activities, can promote people's sense of perception, attention and memory development, and thinking flexibility, agility, so as to promote intellectual development, and to participate in sports activities, the activities of those who need to make the will of efforts to overcome the objective (climate conditions change, movement difficulty or unexpected obstacles, etc.) and subjective difficulties, the will to achieve a good quality of students the purpose. On the other hand due to physical activity is a group activity, students through sports, mutual exchanges and mutual protection, mutual cooperation, the promotion of student socialization. In physical education, teachers should plan to control the intensity of the student movement, as much as possible to arrange for students to aerobic exercise, because experimental studies have shown that: aerobic exercise can reverse the mental stress, depression and other severe illness, so that self-confidence enhanced, so that emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression be alleviated. Impact aerobic exercise emotionally well-balanced physiological methods used to explain there are two aspects: First, to alleviate emotional tension --- in the campaign to enhance the body's metabolism, helping to eliminate savings of adrenaline and other metabolites, so that stored in the liver and spleen to enter a large number of blood circulation, beneficial to the brain's blood supply, the second is the endorphin effect --- endorphin movement where there is oxidation Xie secreted by the pituitary gland of morphine as a hormone, and its town the role of pain 200 times stronger than morphine. According to the research, many persist in physical exercise, one can always maintain the full confidence of the spirit and life, with the endorphin effect. Physiology on the interpretation of this American scholar in 1980 Duchmann (RK. DISHMAN) is consistent with the psychological experiment. He found that engaging in physical activity (jogging, swimming, cycling, strength training, etc.) for depression up to 85%, in the efficacy of anxiety disorders 60%, for the efficacy of chemical drugs are dependent up to 45%. 5 Conclusion Sports psychology is a required course for undergraduate physical education is one of the students for effective physical activity, sports training and competition in guiding discipline, application highly. So sports psychology teaching quality directly affect the cross-century talents. After several years of educational reform in sports psychology, carried out to amend the syllabus, teaching content, methods of teaching to enhance teaching, reform methods of teaching evaluation, the effect is very significant. Performance in: active learning, learning achievement, a comprehensive analysis and hands-on practical problem-solving ability were significantly increased. For the 21st century the demand, we will continue to deepen the reform of teaching sports psychology, changing concepts of education, respect for students, individualized, improve the quality of teachers themselves, so as to train the new century, more talent. 6 Sports Psychology Education Proposals Future society is built on a modern highly developed society based on commodity, and therefore still a social stigma with the goods, such as competitiveness, utilitarian, openness and equality. At the same time, modern science and technology development, the "information superhighway" and the establishment of a global information resource sharing, so that globalization accelerates, international and regional cooperation strengthened, so that people's lifestyles have undergone profound changes. Sports activities because of their physical activity to meet the basic human needs, in line with the attacks of human nature, is a "national battle enthusiasm" appropriate Shuxie mouth; the same time, reflect the man's true, Pu, United Kingdom to pursue it fits with the human trend of social development, the 425

5 socialization of young people a better medium. In order to apply to educational reform in teaching sports psychology, sports psychology to play the role of education, slightly to make the following recommendations; (a) under certain conditions, to strengthen teacher knowledge of the psychological process of the students, opening sports psychology education courses, so that students to know themselves, accept themselves and prepare mental health maintenance. (B) the Ⅲestablishment of sports teaching and research and psychological counseling center connected system, method and language used sports to divert the students suggested the establishment of an effective psychological counseling stations, and some students (mental disorder marked by), establishing a personal exercise prescription, "the right medicine". (C) the work of physical education, mathematics forms of diversity, should be adept at well-set rules, change the old fixed potential to create a new set potential, improve the teaching effect, to enable students to focus on the learning up, such as teacher lesson You can also use aerobic exercise to develop some interesting projects (such as walking, jogging, cycling, badminton, volleyball, hiking, etc.), extra-curricular physical creation of women's classes, male and female fitness classes, all kinds of ball clubs, etc., to fully tap the students inherent potential, build up their confidence factors. References [1]. MA Qi-wei, Li-Wei Zhang. Sport Psychology [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Education Press, (in Chinese) [2]. JohnM, Silva. CurrentTrends and Future Directions in Sport Psychology. In: Robert Singer. Handbook of Sport Psychology. NewYork, 2001: [3]. Greenspan MJ, Feltz DF, Psychological interventions with athletes in competitive situations: A review. The Sport Psychologist, 1989, (3): [4]. Li Mang. The image of the modern university teachers and technical education [J]. Tsinghua University Education Research, 1998 (3): (in Chinese) [5]. Wang Ce 3. Teaching Theory is issued [M]. Beijing: People's Education Press, 1985: 202. (in Chinese) 426