Western Illinois University Department of Chemistry Chemistry 440: Elementary Forensic Techniques. Chemistry 440: Elementary Forensic Techniques

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1 (Spring 2011) INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Hongxia Guan, Currens 519B. OFFICE HOURS: Monday and Tuesday 2-5 pm, other times by appointment. TEL: LECTURE: Tuesday and Thursday 12:00-1:15 pm; Currens 202. LAB: Thursday 8:00-10:50 am; Currens 419. TEXTBOOK: Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime and Terrorism, Second Edition,by James E. Girard, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA, 2011, ISBN-13: LAB MANUAL: Lab Manual - Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, by Clifton E. Meloan, Richard E. James, and Richard Saferstein, Prentice Hall; 9th Ed. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) information about all chemicals utilized in the lab can be found at PREREQUISITES FOR CHEM 440: Chem 221 or 330, or permission of instructor. COURSE PURPOSE: Chem 440, Elementary Forensic Techniques, is a four-credit hour science course devoted to providing a general overview of the prevalent chemical principles, methods, and instrumentation involved in the analysis of diverse physical evidence. This course also lays a suitable foundation of knowledge and experience to prepare the student for advanced study in forensic science or an entry-level forensic scientist in the workforce. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES: 1. Students will understand the importance of forensic science in the criminal justice system and know the major contributors to its development. 2. Students will understand how different types of scientific evidence are collected, preserved, and examined in the lab. 3. Students will understand how instrumental techniques used in a forensic lab, the types of samples tested by each, and gain knowledge of how to perform meaningful interpretation of data from analytical/forensic measurements. ASSIGNMENTS/EXAMS/QUIZZES/LABS: Five homework and one research term paper will be assigned during the semester. Three 50-min exams will cover lecture materials presented during the regular semester. Final exam will cover all materials for the semester. Ten short quizzes will

2 be given on Thursdays unless otherwise stated. To accommodate absences due to illness and other excused absences, the two lowest quiz grades will be dropped. Eleven lab exercises are planned for this semester. Only the ten best lab exercises will be counted toward your final grade. There will be a short quiz for each lab. Each quiz will be worth 5 points, and each lab report will be worth 10 points. No makeup exams, quizzes or lab exercises will be given. If it is necessary to be absent during an exam, lab quiz or lab exercise, your score will be zero. Missing an exam, having fewer than eight quizzes, or having fewer than ten lab exercises and lab quizzes will ensure a zero grade incorporated into your final grade. DO NOT MISS MORE THAN THE ALLOWED NUMBER. Exceptions will be made for University sponsored functions that require your presence during the class period (i.e. WIU band trips, field trips in other WIU classes, WIU athletics, etc.), and military commitment. Notification of the official WIU sponsored function, in the form of a signed memo from the faculty sponsor or coach, must be submitted to the instructor one week prior to the expected absence. Evidence of military commitment should be presented as soon as possible. GRADING SCALE: This course consists of three credits of lecture work and one credit of lab. Therefore the semester grade will consist of 75% from the lecture and 25% from the lab. To receive credit for the course as a whole, one must complete the lab with at least 60%. Failure to complete the lab will result in failure of the course. Your letter grade will be based on your total accumulated points. A: %; A-: 88-90%; B+: 85-88%; B: 80-85%; B-: 78-80%; C+: 75-78%; C: 70-75%; C-: 68-70%; D+: 65-68% D: 60-65%; D-: 58-60%; F: 58% and below. LECTURE AND LAB GRADE COMPUTATION: LECTURE 5 Homework assignments 50 points Lab quizzes (10 labs) 50 points Best 8 of 10 quizzes 80 points Lab reports (10 labs) 100 points 3 Exams (50-min) 300 points Total points 150 points Comprehensive final exam (90-min) Research term paper Total points 120 points 50 points 600 points An incomplete grade will NOT be given to a student with a failing grade. No incomplete will be given to a student without documented evidence of an emergency that requires the student be away from the University or requires that the student miss the final exam. The student shall notify the instructor of the emergency as soon as possible and prior to the final exam. CLASS ATTENDANCE POLICIES: Punctually attendance is expected to all students. Announcements, information, and specific instruction focuses may be distributed in class that LAB

3 can modify assignments, tests, and class policy. Attendance at the lecture will be checked periodically. Attendance at the lab will be checked every lab day. Excessive absences will be reported to the financial aid office. Any student who arrives 15 minutes late for an exam will not be allowed to take the exam (in which case the exam score will be zero and no make-up exam will be given). Please turn off cell phones and beepers while in class. It can be very distracting especially during an exam! Also, class time is not a social hour. Please refrain from casual conversation during class time. Seating will be assigned by the instructor during the exams and/or any other time deemed necessary. Simple scientific calculators may be used on quizzes and exams; however, no graphing calculators are permitted. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: Western Illinois University, like all communities, functions best when its members treat one another with honesty, fairness, respect, and trust. Students have rights and responsibilities ( Plagiarism, cheating, and other forms of academic dishonesty constitute a serious violation of University conduct regulations. Plagiarism will NOT be tolerated. Students who engage in dishonesty in any form will be charged with academic dishonesty and result in a failing grade. Please remember that you are expected to do your own work at all times. WIU POLICIES: It is the policy of Western Illinois University to accommodate individuals with disabilities pursuant to federal law and the University's commitment to equal educational opportunities. It is the responsibility of the student to inform the instructor of any necessary accommodations at the beginning of the course. Any student with a disability requiring accommodations should contact the Office of Disability Support Services. Any student requiring accommodations should contact Disability Support Services at 117 Seal Hall. Telephone: (309) THE FOLLOWING ACTION IS PROHIBITED UNDER THE STUDENT CONDUCT CODE: Disorderly Conduct: Any behavior which disrupts the regular or normal functions of the University community, including behavior which breaches the peace or violates the rights of others ( Emergency Preparedness: WIU Office of Risk Management and Emergency Preparedness provide resources on how to respond to emergency situations. Please view the video resources at (Click Resources on the right side of the page). STATE ACCREDITATION POLICY INFORMATION: In accordance with Illinois State Board of Education certification rules, all candidates seeking teacher certification are required by Western Illinois University to obtain a grade of C or better in all directed general education course, all core courses, and all courses in the option. Note: A C- is below a C. Please note: any secondary science teacher certification student wanting to see how this course is aligned with the State and National Standards should see their advisor and/or examine the Secondary Science Teacher Certification WesternOnline Advising site.

4 TENTATIVE LECTURE TOPICS: TENTATIVE COURSE CONTENT/EXAM SCHEDULE 1 Chapter 1: Investigating the crime scene 2 Chapter 2: Investigating and processing physical evidence 3 Chapter 3: Physical properties: forensic characterization of soils 4 Chapter 4: The Microscope and Forensic Identification of Hair, Fibers and Paint 5 Chapter 6: Fingerprints 6 Supplements: Introduction to forensic sample preparation methods, spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry 7 Chapter 9: Inorganic analysis: forensic determination of metals and gunshot residue 8 Chapter 10: Arson 9 Chapter 11: Drugs of abuse 10 Chapter 12: Forensic toxicology 11 Chapter 13: Biological fluids: blood, semen, saliva, and an introduction to DNA 12 Chapter 14: Forensic DNA typing 13 Chapter 16: Terrorism: Explosives EXAM SCHEDULE (TENTATIVE): Dates Thursday, February 17 Thursday, March 24 Thursday, April 21 Tuesday, May 10 (1 pm) First exam Second exam Third exam Final exam ACADEMIC CALENDAR (SPRING SEMESTER, 2011) * January 17, Mon. -- Dr. Martin Luther King Day -- No Classes/University Closed * January 18, Tues. -- Classes Begin * February 11, Fri. -- Lincoln's Birthday -- No Classes/University Closed * February 14, Mon. -- Classes Resume * March 14-18, Mon.-Fri. -- Spring Break -- No Classes * March 21, Mon. -- Classes Resume * May 9-13, Mon.-Fri. -- Final Exam Week * May 13, Fri. -- Graduate Commencement * May 14, Sat. -- Undergraduate Commencement * May 15, Sun. -- WIU-Quad Cities Undergraduate and Graduate Commencement Any situation, condition, or circumstance not covered in the syllabus is the option of the instructor and subject to the decision of the instructor.

5 CHEM 440 LAB LAB INSTRUCTOR/COORDINATOR: Dr. Hongxia Guan, Currens Hall 519B. Tel: (309) ; OFFICE HOURS: Monday and Tuesday 2-5 pm, other times by appointment. LAB: Thursday 8:00-10:50 am, Currens Hall 419 LAB TA: Katelyn Stewart and Karthik Kazipeta LAB MANUAL: Lab Manual - Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, by Clifton E. Meloan, Richard E. James, and Richard Saferstein, Prentice Hall; 9th Ed. GENERAL RULES: The following rules must be observed while working in the lab. Appropriate safety glasses must be worn at all times the use of contact lenses is also discouraged, however, if you do plan to wear lenses in the lab you must inform your instructor and wear safety goggles. Proper dress is required bare feet, sandals, or opened-toed shoes are not allowed in the lab. It is best not to wear expensive clothing as stains and holes can result from misplaced chemicals. Behaving appropriately you must be aware of others around you, so be careful when carry chemicals and walk through the lab. Know the location and operation of the safety equipment this includes eyewash facilities, fire extinguishers, fire showers, and fire blankets. In case of fire, do not panic, clear out of the immediate area, and call your instructor for help. Cleaning up it is important that you clean your workstation upon completing your lab exercise. Food, drinks and smoke of any kind are not allowed in the lab keep all objects, such as glassware or plastic tubing, out of your mouth while in the lab. No cell phone calls in the lab. Pre-lab quizzes: A pre-lab quiz (5 points) will be given during the initial 5 minutes of the lab period each week. A student who is 5 or more minutes late will not be permitted to take the quiz and will receive a grade of zero. Attendance: Attendance for ten labs is required. No makeup lab is allowed at the end of the semester. Grading (200 points total): The lab portion of the course will be graded based on ten labs (prelab quiz and post-lab report, 150 points) and student project (50 points).

6 CHEM 440 lab reports will each be graded as follows: Completion of lab (Operate safely, keep lab and balance area clean, write observations directly in notebook) Lab report 7 Total 10 Points 3 LAB REPORT DUE DATE: lab report is due during the period of next lab (the next Thursday), and hard copy is strongly recommended. 1 point will be taken off for each day late, and the whole lab report will not be accepted after one week late. If it s necessary for you to miss the next lab, please me your lab report on time. EACH LAB REPORT MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: Title page (0.5 point) Your name, names of lab partners, date, section number, title of experiment. Abstract (1 point) Write a paragraph of objectives and your experiment results Introduction (1 point) Give the purpose of the experiment. Write about half to one page to give a brief description of relevant theory, techniques, instrumental methods, and important chemical reactions. Background information that describes the relevance or importance of the experiment should be included. Materials and methods (1.5 points) Materials list all reagents and materials used in the experiment including the concentrations of solutions and manufactures of all chemicals. Procedures the detail should be sufficient so that instructor and TAs can read your report without guessing. Any changes of procedures or concentration of solutions during lab sessions must be recorded. Do not use a bulleted list. Results (1.5 points)

7 These should include tables, graphs and calculations, if any. Tables and graphs should have self-explanatory titles. Numbers should have units, and in most cases X axis and Y axis should be labeled. All calculations should include appropriate units. Conclusions/Discussion (1.5 points) These should relate results to objective and theory. Answer questions posed in the procedure, if any. Explain unexpected results or deviations from the written procedure. IMPORTANT NOTE: although the labs will be performed in groups, each student is responsible for his/her own lab report. PLEASE DO NOT COPY! Tentative lab experiments: Date Exp. # Lab Jan (a) Check-in, lab rules/regulations/reports (b) Density of glass fragments (Lab manual- Experiment 3) Feb. 3 2 Examination of hair and textile fibers by compound microscope, stereo-microscope, inverted microscope, and comparison microscope (Lab manual Experiment 4 and 17) Feb Soil analysis sample preparation, density gradient tube, and rate of settling of soil particles (Lab manual- Experiment 7) Feb Refractive index (RI) of glass fragment (Lab manual Experiment 5) Feb Determination of ink/lipstick dyes by thin layer chromatography (Lab manual-experiment 29). Mar Breath alcohol by the breathalyzer and Intoxilyzer (handout) 2. Assay the presence of drugs in urine by immunoassay kits (handout) Mar Identification stains and fiber colors (Handout) Mar. 17 Spring break, no lab Mar Fingerprinting (Lab manual - Experiment 11 and 12) Mar Identification of drugs/poisons by infrared spectroscopy (IR) (Lab manual - Experiment 21) Apr Drug screening using immune-affinity method Apr Blood identification and typing (Lab manual - Experiment 9) Apr Paternity DNA Testing (Adapted from FBI Technology) THE SYLLABUS MAY BE SUBJECTED TO CHANGE WITH NOTICE.

8 LAB RULES AND REGULATIONS Attire 1. Safety goggles must be worn while in the lab. Illinois Senate Bill 1190, 74th General Assembly, 1965 requires that students wear approved eye protection in the lab continuously. 2. Contact lenses are not allowed. Even when worn under safety goggles, various fumes may accumulate under the lens and cause serious injuries or blindness. 3. Closed toe shoes and long pants must be worn in the lab. Sandals and shorts are not allowed. 4. Long hair must be tied back when using open flames. Conduct 5. Eating, drinking, and smoking are strictly prohibited in the lab. 6. No unauthorized experiments are to be performed. If you are curious about trying a procedure not covered in the experimental procedure, consult with your lab instructor. Never work alone in the lab. 7. Never taste anything. Never directly smell the source of any vapor or gas; instead by means of your cupped hand, waft a small sample to your nose. Do not inhale these vapors but take in only enough to detect an odor if one exists. 8. Coats, backpacks, etc., should not be left on the lab benches and stools. There is a coat rack along the wall at one side of the lab. Beware that lab chemicals can destroy personal possessions. 9. Always wash your hands before leaving lab. 10. Learn where the safety and first-aid equipment is located. This includes fire extinguishers and eye-wash stations. 11. Notify the instructor immediately in case of an accident. Proper Handling of Chemicals and Equipment 12. Consider all chemicals to be hazardous unless you are instructed otherwise. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are available in lab for all chemicals in use. MSDS information about all chemicals utilized in the lab can be found at the following web site.

9 These will inform you of any hazards and precautions of which you should be aware. 13. Know what chemicals you are using. Carefully read the label twice before taking anything from a bottle. Chemicals in the lab are marked with hazardous labels when necessary. Assume all chemicals to be hazardous. 14. Use good judgment in the amounts of these that you use. Excess reagents are never to be returned to stock bottles. 15. Many common reagents, for example, alcohols and acetone, are highly flammable. Do not use them anywhere near open flames. 16. Always pour acids into water. If you pour water into acid, the heat of reaction will cause the water to explode into steam, sometimes violently, and the acid will splatter. 17. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately with copious amounts of water and consult with your instructor. 18. Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or your neighbor--it may erupt like a geyser. 19. Dispose of chemicals properly. Waste containers will be provided and their use will be explained by your TA. Unless you are explicitly told otherwise, assume that only water may be put in the lab sinks. 20. Clean up all broken glassware immediately and dispose of the broken glass properly. 21. Contact instructor/ta for clean-up of mercury spills. 22. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you leave your workstation. Be sure that the gas is shut off when you leave the lab. 23. Beware of hot glass--it looks exactly like cold glass. 24. Never pipette a liquid by mouth. Use a pipette bulb or a pi-pump. 25. Do not force glass tubing into rubber stoppers. Protect your hands with a towel when inserting tubing into stoppers and use glycerol (best) or water as a lubricant. 26. Do not use cracked or broken glassware. Housekeeping at the end of each lab 27. Remove all glass, paper, matches, and other solids from the sink. Dispose of all solids in cans at the end of the lab benches unless told to do otherwise. Dispose broken glass in designated container.

10 28. Place all ring stands, steam baths, etc., in the center of the lab benches, and all burners on the center island. 29. Wipe benches clean with wet sponge. 30. Place lab stools in their space provided under lab benches. I acknowledge that I have read and understand the General Lab Chemistry Lab Safety Rules above and agree to follow the safe lab practices listed. Signed Date