Exceptions to the Rule: Essbase Design Principles That Don t Always Apply

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2 Exceptions to the Rule: Essbase Design Principles That Don t Always Apply Edward Roske, CEO Oracle ACE Director [email protected] BLOG: LookSmarter.blogspot.com WEBSITE: TWITTER: Eroske

3 3 About interrel Reigning Oracle Award winner EPM & BI Solution of the year Three Oracle ACE Directors for Hyperion Oracle Platinum Partner One of the 100 fastest growing tech companies in the USA (CRN Magazine, ) Authors of the 8 Best Selling books on Hyperion & Essbase Only 4 books in the world on v11 All available on LuLu.com Press Infra structure Consulting Support Focused exclusively on Oracle EPM & BI Training

4 8 Hyperion Books Available: Essbase (7): Complete Guide Essbase System 9: Complete Guide Essbase System 9: End User Guide Essbase 11: Admin Guide Essbase Studio 11 Smart View 11: End User Guide Planning: End Users Guide Planning: Administrators To order, check out 4 Copyright 2007, Hyperion. All rights reserved.

5 5 Disclaimer These slides represent the work and opinions of the presenter and do not constitute official positions of Oracle or any other organization. These material has not been peer reviewed and is presented here with the permission of the presenter. These should not be copied, recorded or reproduced without the expressed written permission of interrel Consulting.

6 2011 LinkedIn.Com Analysis of Years of Work Experience Look for yourself at

7 We have always been told we have to follow the rules! Today I m going to teach you it is sometimes good to break the rules.

8 There isn t one right answer Tuning Tuning guidelines can contradict other tuning guidelines Tuning for calculations vs. tuning for retrievals Sometimes these tuning tips will have significant impact, either positive or negative Test, test, test!!

9 Don't put more than one database in an application

10 How Many Databases per Application? Usually one database per application If one database crashes, all databases could crash If one database is heavily used, this could negatively impact performance of the other databases

11 The Exceptions to the Rule You need to use XREF to share data across databases Essbase server process is shared across databases Performance will be faster Think Oracle Hyperion Planning Currency databases Multi-currency applications

12 Always use group level security

13 The Exception to the Rule Unless almost every user has unique access where it is redundant to have one to one users to groups Recent Ask a Guru question I have a one-to-one relationship between the department and the planner in all cases except 1 - Account, scenario, and version security will be set up for everyone the exact same (with only 1 exception).

14 Recent Ask a Guru questions (cont.) Typically, I set up security for the Planning dimensions, task lists, forms, business rules, etc. using groups but I'm not sure I should go through the trouble of creating all these groups if there is only one user in each of them. I am contemplating creating one planning group and one admin group and granting security to everything except department based on this group. I would then set up security on the department based on the individual users. What do you think??

15 Keep your Block size small

16 Dense Dimensions Make Up Cells within a Block Measures (dense) May Apr Qtr1 Mar Feb Jan Sales COGS Margin Mkt exp. Payroll Misc. Tot. Exp. Profit Actual Budget Var. Var% Scenario (dense)

17 Calculate Block Size Data block size is determined by the amount of data in a particular combination of dense dimensions Data block size is 8n bytes, where n is the number of cells that exist for that combination of dense dimensions 8 to 100 KB is the recommended block size If data blocks are smaller than 8K, the index is very large, forcing Essbase to write to and retrieve index from disk If data blocks are larger than 100KB, intelligent calc does not work efficiently and performance can be slower

18 The Exception to the Rule Testing proves that a bigger block size performs better 64 bit Essbase With the 64-bit engine, larger blocks in the 1 MB range have shown significant reductions in calculation times Performance gains are attributable to wider bandwidth disk and memory buffer subsystems handling larger I/O chunks

19 Make Accounts Dense

20 The Exception to the Rule If you have a large database and you need to frequently add new accounts or change existing accounts, consider making Accounts sparse Especially in Planning where you need more frequent database refreshes for newly added accounts

21 Don't use a cross dimensional operator on the left side of an equal sign

22 Try to Limit Cross-Dims Using cross-dimensional operator: FIX (Sales) Budget = Actual * 1.1; ENDFIX Faster, easier to maintain: FIX (Budget) Sales = Sales->Actual * 1.1; ENDFIX 22

23 Left Hand Cross-Dims Don t ever do this: Sales->Budget = COGS->Actual * 1.1; Write it like this: FIX (Budget) Sales = COGS->Actual * 1.1; ENDFIX

24 The Exception to the Rule You have a special case where you need to force creation of blocks. Using both a dense and sparse member in left hand side of an equation will create blocks without the nasty Createblocksonequation command. SALES( Sales->Budget = COGS->Actual * 1.1; )

25 Don't hard code in formulas

26 The Exception to the Rule Sometimes performance is much better if you hardcode something in a formula versus using costly functions Can be MUCH faster IF(@ISmbr("Jan") BegBal = "Sales"->"Dec"->"FY09"; ELSEIF(@ISmbr("Jan") BegBal = "Sales"->"Dec"->"FY08"; END

27 FIX on sparse, IF on dense

28 Focusing Calculations Two most common methods Fix If Other methods: CrossDim operator MemberSet functions Relationship functions Variables

29 If/Else/ElseIf/EndIf Conditional processing is often needed to process business rules Can include complex conditions And, Or, Not, etc. Syntax IF (condition) ElseIf/Else EndIf; Summary Condition must be if parenthesis In a calc script, associate with a member name Does really matter which member name Each IF must end with ENDIF (well not really)

30 Fix/EndFix FIX Used to focus or limit a calculation Used extensively Most effective when used on members of sparse dimensions Only blocks that meet the Fix criteria are processed Remaining blocks are simply skipped Typical uses Only calculate one scenario Limit calc to current year Syntax Fix(Member Names, Functions Etc.) ENDFIX

31 To IF or FIX Generally, IF works best on dense dimension members Particularly when ElseIf or Else are included Block is only brought into memory once and all related conditions are processed Fix would bring block in multiple times Conversely, FIX works best on sparse dimension members Old saying Fix on Sparse, If on dense If you re dense, fix on sparse?

32 The Exception to the Rule FIX works properly on dense members May result in all blocks being processed All statements between the FIX and ENDFIX are executed as a block FIX statements can be nested Multiple members from the same dimension are treated as or In other words, all members will be processed If a dense member is in a fix with sparse members, only those dense members are looked at within the block, so fixing on the combo of both can be good

33 Always follow the Hourglass (or Hourglass on a stick) method of dimension ordering

34 Dimension Ordering based on Member Counts Example Dimension Type-Size Accounts D 94 Time Periods D 21 Metrics (Hrs, AHR, $) D 14 Scenarios AS 9 Job Code AS 1,524 Organization AS 2,304 Versions NAS 7 Years NAS 7 D=Dense, AS=Aggregating Sparse, NAS=Non-Aggregating Sparse

35 Dimension Ordering based on Dimension Density - Example Dimension Type-Size Density After Calc Density After Load Data Points Created Time Periods D 21 85% 85% - Metrics (Hrs, AHR, $) D 14 22% 22% - Accounts D 94 3 % 2% - Scenarios AS 9 22% 11% 199 Job Code AS 1,524.56%.23% 853 Organization AS 2,304.34%.09% 783 Versions NAS 7 19% 19% - Years NAS 7 14% 14% - D=Dense, AS=Aggregating Sparse, NAS=Non-Aggregating Sparse

36 How to Determine Individual Dimension Density 1. Make the dimension the lone Dense dimension 2. Load and calculate just that dimension 3. Check the block density value in Administration Services >> Database >> Properties >> Statistics Ordering the dense dimensions from most dense to least dense maximizes the clustering of the data A more condensed database will perform better than one where the data has a highly dispersed population of data

37 Hourglass on a Stick Typical Hourglass Original Accounts (D) Time Periods (D) Metrics (D) Years Versions Scenarios Job Code Organization Employee Status Fund Group Optimized Time Periods (D) Metrics (D) Accounts (D) Job Code (AS) Organization (AS) Years (NAS) Versions (NAS) Scenarios (NAS) Employee Status (Attr Dim) Fund Group (Attr Dim) Modified Hourglass D=Dense, AS=Aggregating Sparse, NAS=Non-Aggregating Sparse

38 The Exception to the Rule Outline order impacts retrievals Sparse retrievals Sparse dimensions down the rows or across the columns Accesses multiple indexes and multiple blocks Slower retrieval times

39 Dense retrievals Dense dimensions down the rows and across the columns Accesses one index entry and one block Faster retrieval times So how your reports are designed may impact what you choose as sparse and dense If retrieval performance is slow, you may also want to consider moving up heavily queried dimensions in the outline

40 The Exception to the Rule You want to use parallel calculation Because HGoaS usually puts dimensions at the bottom of the outline that are getting fixed on, it could prevent parallel calculation You may be able to overcome this by increasing the taskdims.

41 Serial Calculation Default Current Essbase behavior Each calc is executed serially Parallel Calculation Set at system, application, database or calc script Generates tasks Schedules tasks to run on up to 4 threads Operating system can schedule each thread on a separate CPU

42 Parallel Calculation Apply multiple processors to a calc Only straight forward calcs can use this If order dependent portions, calculated in serial Maximum of 4 processors Recommend 1 less than number on server

43 Parallel Calculations If parallel processing is feasible, Essbase splits the request into independent tasks that can be run concurrently Set at the server, application, database or individual calc script level Can run on up to 4 threads Essbase will analyze the outline and calculation request to determine if parallel calc is possible Check the application log to see how parallel calc is being used Calculating in parallel with [2] threads

44 Parallel Calculations Essbase will review the request Set number of worker threads In essbase.cfg CALCPARALLEL appname dbname n In calc script SET CALCPARALLEL n N = 1 through 4; default is 1 Set number of dimensions in task suffix In essbase.cfg NUMTASKDIMS appname dbname n In calc script SET NUMTASKDIMS n N = 1 to number of sparse dimensions Use when fixing on the last sparse dimension

45 Exception Sometimes parallel calculation is slower Small set of data being processed Fix limits the task dimensions Complex formula interdependencies will force a serial calc

46 Always give enough memory to load the whole index into memory Make the data cache as large as possible if you have plenty of RAM

47 Cache Definitions Index cache - buffer in memory that holds index pages (.ind). How many index pages are in memory at one time depends upon the amount of memory allocated to the cache. Data file cache - buffer in memory that holds compressed data files (.pag files). Essbase allocates memory to the data file cache during data load, calculation, and retrieval operations, as needed. Only used with direct I/O. Data cache - buffer in memory that holds uncompressed data blocks. Essbase allocates memory to the data cache during data load, calculation, and retrieval operations, as needed.

48 Index Cache Index pages in index cache Index pages on physical disk RAM Disk

49 Data Cache Disk blocks in data cache Disk blocks on physical disk RAM Disk

50 Paging New requests Index pages Data blocks Index pages ESS.IND Data blocks ESS.PAG Memory Old requests Physical disk

51 Factors Affecting Cache Sizing Database size Block size Index size Available memory Data distribution Sparse / dense configuration Needs of database (e.g. complexity of calculations) Parallel Calculation

52 Priority for Memory Allocation 1. Index Cache 2. Data File Cache 3. Data Cache 4. Dynamic Calculator Cache

53 Guideline for Index Cache Default Buffered I/O: 1024 KB ( bytes) Direct I/O: KB ( bytes) Guideline: Combined size of all essn.ind files, if possible; otherwise, as large as possible Do not set this cache size higher than the total index size, as no performance improvement results

54 Guideline for Data Cache Default 3072 KB ( bytes) Guideline * Combined size of all essn.pag files, if possible; otherwise as large as possible

55 Guideline for Data Cache Increase value if any of these conditions exist: Many concurrent users are accessing different data blocks Calculation scripts contain functions on sparse ranges, and the functions require all members of a range to be in memory (for example, when For data load, the number of threads specified by the DLTHREADSWRITE setting is very high and the expanded block size is large

56 The Exception to the Rule Index Cache Last index page into RAM, next out of RAM as cache is filled Default is 1024 Generally, set to hold index in RAM Cache can be too big if index is huge

57 The Exception to the Rule Data Cache Last block into RAM, next out of RAM as caches are filled Default is 3072 Uncompresses block in RAM (using more data cache) Cache can be too big

58 The Exception to the Rule On cache (especially index) In older versions, there was a point of diminishing returns after about percent of the index was in memory; while it could help, the ROI was minimal compared with up to 55%

59 The Exception to the Rule If you have limited resources for many applications and not enough memory to go around, try one of the following guideline for the data cache: Uncompressed Block Size X 200 # of Data Block writes X Uncompressed Block Size # of Commit Blocks X Uncompressed Block Size # of Lock Blocks X Uncompressed Block Size

60 The Exception to the Rule If you have limited resources for many applications and not enough memory to go around, try the following guideline for the index cache: 1. Set the initial cache setting to 20% of the size of the index file 2. Run a consolidation / calculation and check the value of the hit ratio 3. If the hit ratio exceeds 90%, then the cache is fully tuned 4. If the hit ratio is lower than 90%, increase the cache setting to 30% of the index file size and calculate again 5. Repeat this process until the hit ratio is at 90% or higher

61 Always build calculations into the Essbase database

62 Push Calculations to Essbase Reporting tools have an expansive lists of formula and calculation capabilities But this means processing on the Reports server If you can, push calculations back to the Essbase server Benefits Faster Standard formula across all reports accessible to users (Data integrity) Central place for business rule / calculation logic (Update the formula once vs. several times throughout all reports)

63 The Exception to the Rule Simple ratio or variance calculations that do not calculate correctly in Essbase due to: Attribute dimensions Other calculation dependencies Infrequent calculations Calculations with lots of exceptions

64 Avoid repeating members in a dimension

65 Avoid repeating members in a dimension Repeating indicates a need to split dimensions Splitting dimensions reduces outline redundancy Easier for users to understand the outline and report

66 The Exception to the Rule Be careful! The design principle will create a bigger database (exponentially) E.g. If you split Accounts into Accounts and Metrics and both dimensions are dense, your block size increase significantly Time Time Metrics Account Account

67 The Exception to the Exception Creating alternate time rollups like YTD Jan, YTD Feb are good examples of when you may want to split repeating members into a separate dimension If you are doing calculations where you are trying to specify ranges of periods/year (rolling averages for example) the extra time periods mess it up If you have alternate time rollups like YTD Jan, YTD Feb, this may be better designed as an analytic dimension especially in ASO Add a new view dimension (dynamic) Base member for loading

68 Another Exception to the Exception In dense dimensions unary operations are faster than any other type of calculation So for ratios, use shared members with the proper sign to perform the calculation Not only does it make calculation faster, it also allows the user to see what made up the formula

69 Summary

70 Keep in Mind: Tuning It is ok to break the rules There isn t one right answer Tuning Tuning guidelines can contradict other tuning guidelines Tuning for calculations vs. tuning for retrievals In some databases, these tuning tips will have significant impact. In other databases, the tuning tips won t Test, test, test!!

71 The Exception to the Rule: Essbase Design Principles That Don t Always Apply Edward Roske, CEO Oracle ACE Director [email protected] BLOG: LookSmarter.blogspot.com WEBSITE: TWITTER: Eroske