HKOSHA March 27, 2009
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1 Enhancement of SMS A Safety Culture Approach HKOSHA March 27, 2009 Yu Pak Kuen Senior Consultant Occupational Safety and Health Council Hong Kong SAR, China
2 Presentation Outline Introduction What does an identifiable safety culture look like? Tools developed by OSHC for measuring safety climate and safety behaviour Application of these tools in enhancement of safety management system New competition items in Construction Safety Day 2
3 Independent Safety Audit Scheme and Pay for Safety Scheme OSHC introduced OSH Management System and Safety Audits in 1992 OSHC was appointed by the Works Bureau and Housing Authority to manage Independent Safety Audit Scheme (ISAS) in 1996 Safety Audits combined with incentive schemes (Pay For Safety Scheme) A Guide to Construction Safety Management was released in
4 Effective Management Tools - Safe Working Cycle & 5S Good Housekeeping Safe Working Cycle (SWC) and 5S Good Housekeeping are proven techniques from Japan SWC nurtures safe behaviour and received strong support from ETWB making it a contractual requirement for selected projects 5S encourages the upkeep of neat & tidy workplace and a good habit for employees to comply with safe housekeeping rules 4
5 No. of Accidents Acc. Rate per 1,000 Workers Journey to Enhance Workplace Safety Standard in Hong Kong Safety Culture Enhancement Stage Accident Statistics for Construction Industry in Hong Kong Technical Improvement Stage System Improvement Stage Safety Culture Enhancement Stage No. of Accidents Acc. Rate per 1,000 Workers 5
6 Challenges of Developing Effective Safety Management system Some organization s SMS appear to be satisfactorily on paper, but are not followed in practice Rules may be perceived as bureaucratic, unworkable and unnecessary Conflicts between the needs to get the work done in time, and the time required to do the work safely Not all level of employees agree that the organization s SMS is necessary and effective Failures to effectively communicate OSH arrangements 6
7 BRITISH STANDARD BS 8800:2004 Occupational health and safety management systems Guide Supersedes BS 8800:1996 Safety Culture Promoting an effective OH&S management system in Annex C 7
8 What does an identifiable safety culture look like? Safety Culture(BS 8800): product of individual and group values, attitudes, competencies and patterns of behaviour that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organization s approach to health and safety Indicators 1. Every employee has received high quality integrated job and safety training 2. A good safety climate 3. The extent to which employees are actively involved in safety on a daily basis 8
9 Promoting an effective safety management system BS 8800:2004 Annex C Key determinants of an organization s safety culture 1. The effectiveness of communications 2. The level of trust between staff at all levels 3. The degree to which all staff are encourage to be proactive in improving safety performance (Involvement) 4. The commitment of everyone to the overall goals Barriers to a positive safety culture 1. Disregard for rules and procedures, 2. Risk taking and other unsafe acts 9
10 Measuring and improving safety culture BS 8800:2004 Annex C. 3.1 Methods recommended: 1. Informal discussions, feedback from briefings/tool box talks; 2. Semi-structured questionnaire/interviews with groups/individuals; 3. Organizational questionnaires; 4. Attitude surveys of employees within the organization; 5. Observations of individual and group behaviours in practice. 6 Traditional Safety Consultation Methods New Safety Culture tools 10
11 Capturing people s hearts and minds involves understanding and changing people s safety attitudes
12 Measuring Safety Climate The term safety climate refer to psychological characteristic of employees (i.e. how people feel), corresponding to the attitudes and perceptions of employees with regard to safety within an organization. (Source: A review of safety culture and safety climate literature by HSE, 2005) e.g. How people view the importance their organization gives to health and safety relative to quality or production; How committed they believe their superiors or peers are to health and safety
13 Effectiveness of Safety Climate Survey Conducted by HSE With reference to the Climate Survey Tool developed by HSE in 1997 Were any actions taken as a results of the SCI Survey? 213 users of SCI Survey Tool participated in the survey by HSE in % of users had taken actions after conducting SCI survey, with 79% indicating that SCI had made a positive impact on safety and health 75% of users indicated that conducting SCI survey had increased employee s participation in safety activities Was there a positive impact on health and safety? How have the levels of employee participation in safety altered? Source: HSE2002 Evaluation the effective news of the HSE s Health and Safety Climate Survey Tool
14 Safety Climate Survey in Construction and Catering Industry Council conducted safety climate survey for construction and catering industry in 2000 using the HSE model Target groups in the survey are managers, supervisors and frontline employees 641 participants from 14 construction sites joined the survey in Year
15 Tools for Safety Climate Index Measurement OSHC and Tsinghua University jointly develop the Construction Industry Safety Culture Index Software
16 7 Contributing Factors of SCI Survey 1. Commitment and Concern for OSH by Organization and Management Employee Empowerment 2. Resources for safety and its effectiveness 3. Risk taking behavior and perception of work risk Mean Operation Engg. & Planning Information Others 4. Perception of safety rules and procedures 0 Q3.1 Q3.2 Q3.3 Q3.4 Q3.5 Q3.6 Q3.7 Q3.8 Q3.9 Q3.10 Question MTL Safety Climate Result 5. Personal involvement in safety and health 6. Safe working attitude and workmates' influence 7. Safety promotion and communication Peronal Value and Belief 3.72 Reporting Systems 2.64 Organizational Commitment Reward Systems 3.57 Management Involvement 3.67 Employer Empowerment Mean 16
17 SCI Survey Safety Climate Index Survey is measured via surveys, that cover various factors thought to be important to safety, on an annual or bi-annual basis An organization is willing to actively consult and act upon its membership s views provides a very good indicator of a positive culture 17
18 Process of Survey A 3-phase survey method: Preparation Phase Implementation Phase Result Announcement and Follow-up Phase 18
19 3 Types of Survey Questionnaires 1. Safety Climate Index Questions Use to calculate the SCI 2. Demographic Questions Use to compare SCI of different groups of employees 3. Site Information Questions Collect basic information of participating sites Use to compare SCI of different sites 19
20 Characteristics of SCI Questions questions and include some open-ended questions 2. Ensure a good mix of positive & negative responses e.g. I ignore safe working practices I adhere safe working practices 3. The statements are: a) short b) simple - focused on only one complete thought c) familiar - using everyday language 4. Scoring Format Please tick the appropriate box to show your level of agreement with each of the following statements Strongly Disagree Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree Agree Strongly Agree 1. Some health and safety procedures/instructions/rules are difficult to follow
21 Overall Safety Climate Index of the Sites Participated in the Survey
22 Results of Safety Climate Index for Different Staff Levels
23 Work Safe Behaviour (WSB) Programme It is well documented that WSB can improve safety performances as well as productivity.
24 Characteristics of Work Safe Behaviour (WSB) Programme 1. Each company could tailor-made its WSB programme. 2. A programme to encourage all stakeholders participation from sub-contractors to senior management and frontline employees. 3. No naming, No blame and No fault approach to correct atrisk behaviour and reinforce safety behaviour. 4. Develop a caring culture for colleages and co-workers.
25 Work Safe Behaviour Flow Chart 1. Identifying Critical Behaviours Operation Process Analysis Risk Assessment Accident Investigation 2. Communication and Support Briefings Fully explain to all concerned Encourage participation 3. Target Setting and Training Forming Working task group Recruiting and training observers Developing baselines 6. Review and feedback Evaluating the extent of change Correcting deviations Monitoring 5. Intervention Reinforcement training Award Scheme Changing of operation design and process WSB Observation Developing WSB Checklist Implementing Observation Process WSB Analysis
26 Briefings Four Important Issues: 1. Target Setting 2. Sufficient Information 3. Gain Workers Co-operation 4. Encouragement 26
27 Work Safe Behaviour (WSB)Training OSHC provide WSB training courses (12 hours) Tutors with OSH knowledge receive WSB program and SCI training (12 hours) Trained tutors will follow the DIY Kit instructions to train their WSB Observers
28 Recruiting Observers Observers must undergo appropriate training Motivate Accident Prevention Programmes Support Observer Management Supervisor Worker Serve as Observers Work Safety Behaviour Reputation Trust Potential Observers Good reputation among colleagues Visible Safety Commitment First hand knowledge and experience 28 Good Communication skill
29 Training the Observers Duration: 12 hours Practices and Report Methods of Identifying Critical Behaviour Case Studies Training Contents Observation Techniques Data Analysis and Improvement Actions Feedback Techniques Score Calculation 29
30 Observation Procedures Target Setting Identifying the Root Causes of Behaviour Developing WBS Checklist Following the Score Calculation System Observation Procedures Choosing the Right Time and Right Place Recording Safety Behaviour and Atrisk Behaviour and Suggestions
31 Work Safe Behaviour Observation Chart 3-31/12/2007 Safety Performance Percentage 安 全 表 現 百 分 率 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40%
32 Interventions Using ABC(Antecedent, behaviour and Consequence) Analysis Looking for patterns and trends Recommend appropriate interventions in action plans
33 Successful Experience Leading enterprises such as CLP, MTR, Exxon Mobil, Gammon, PCCW, Shui On, EMSD and Hongkong Post had carried out behaviour-based safety programme.
34 SCI Survey Period : April 2008 Place : HA Site Total : 883 cases (12 Sites) Maintenance: 89 cases (3 sites) Building : 794 cases (9 sites)
35 Uplifting the Safety Performance of Construction Contracts Scheme Safety Climate Index Survey (SCI) and Work Safe Behaviour Programme(WSB)
36 Challenges Ahead How to promote SCI survey and WSB programme in Hong Kong construction industry to achieve continual improvement in safety performance? Legislation Contractual requirement Promotion and Competition 36
37 Incentives Successful experience of Pay for Safety Scheme and Independent Safety Audit Scheme introduced by the Hong Kong Government Possibility to make use of SCI tool and WSB programme as an contractual requirement
38 Promotion and Competition Safety Inspection Programme (existing ) mainly focused on environmental factors Behavioural-base Observation focused on high risk critical behaviours of employees
39 39
40 Competition on Safety Culture 1 最 佳 安 全 文 化 地 盤 The Best Safety Culture Sites 2 最 佳 安 全 文 化 項 目 經 理 / 地 盤 總 管 The Best Safety Culture Project Manager/Site Agent 3 最 佳 安 全 文 化 活 動 小 組 The Best Safety Culture Activity Team 4. 最 佳 安 全 文 化 分 判 商 The Best Safety Culture Subcontractor
41 The Best Safety Culture Site 告 知 文 化 (Informed Culture) 匯 報 文 化 (Reporting Culture) 學 習 文 化 (Learn Culture) 危 害 意 識 及 計 劃 文 化 (Risk Awareness and Planning Culture) 公 平 及 關 愛 文 化 (Just and Caring Culture)
42 最 佳 安 全 文 化 活 動 小 組 The Best Safety Culture Activity Team 計 劃 (Planning) 實 行 (Implementing) 建 立 及 發 展 特 別 工 具 或 安 排 (Establishing and developing special tools and arrangements 安 全 施 工 程 序 (Safe Working Cycle) 工 作 安 全 行 為 (WSB) 安 全 氣 候 指 數 (SCI) 危 害 識 別 (Hazard Identification)
43 3.4 最 佳 安 全 文 化 分 判 商 小 組 The Best Safety Culture Subcontractor 配 合 (Collaboration) 安 全 施 工 程 序 (Safe Working Cycle) 獨 立 (Independence) 工 作 安 全 行 為 (WSB) 安 全 氣 候 指 數 (SCI) 危 害 識 別 (Hazard Identification)
44 Thank You 44
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