The Internet of Things Wilfrid Laurier University
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1 The Internet of Things Wilfrid Laurier University Wilfrid Laurier University March 11, 2015
2 Overview
3 Overview?
4 Overview?
5 Overview? Why does one need the other?
6 ?
7 ? Started in about 1950s (USA, DARPA)
8 ? Started in about 1950s (USA, DARPA) Goal was to have a robust communications network that could function with pieces missing
9 ? Started in about 1950s (USA, DARPA) Goal was to have a robust communications network that could function with pieces missing Originally for military, governments and universities
10 ? Started in about 1950s (USA, DARPA) Goal was to have a robust communications network that could function with pieces missing Originally for military, governments and universities A network of networks (internet(work))
11 Introduction
12 Before the Internet; phone network
13 Before the Internet; phone network Telegraph began in 1830 s
14 Before the Internet; phone network Telegraph began in 1830 s Telephone began in 1876 (ish)
15 Before the Internet; phone network Telegraph began in 1830 s Telephone began in 1876 (ish) Point-to-point connection requires switches
16 Before the Internet; phone network Telegraph began in 1830 s Telephone began in 1876 (ish) Point-to-point connection requires switches Connection is maintained for the duration of the call
17 How does the Internet work?
18 How does the Internet work? Every unique host has an address
19 How does the Internet work? Every unique host has an address Countries and organizations have banks of addresses which can be assigned
20 How does the Internet work? Every unique host has an address Countries and organizations have banks of addresses which can be assigned Information is sent in packets between hosts
21 How does the Internet work? Every unique host has an address Countries and organizations have banks of addresses which can be assigned Information is sent in packets between hosts A message can consist of several packets
22 How does the Internet work? Every unique host has an address Countries and organizations have banks of addresses which can be assigned Information is sent in packets between hosts A message can consist of several packets All packets don t need to travel the same route
23 How does the Internet work? Every unique host has an address Countries and organizations have banks of addresses which can be assigned Information is sent in packets between hosts A message can consist of several packets All packets don t need to travel the same route The packets don t need to arrive in the correct order
24
25
26
27
28
29 How many Internet addresses are there?
30 How many Internet addresses are there? The version of internet protocol in current use is IPV4
31 How many Internet addresses are there? The version of internet protocol in current use is IPV4 IPV4 uses 32 bit addresses
32 How many Internet addresses are there? The version of internet protocol in current use is IPV4 IPV4 uses 32 bit addresses Useful fact: 2 10 =
33 How many Internet addresses are there? The version of internet protocol in current use is IPV4 IPV4 uses 32 bit addresses Useful fact: 2 10 = =
34 How many Internet addresses are there? The version of internet protocol in current use is IPV4 IPV4 uses 32 bit addresses Useful fact: 2 10 = = About 4 billion IPV4 addresses
35 How many Internet addresses are there? The version of internet protocol in current use is IPV4 IPV4 uses 32 bit addresses Useful fact: 2 10 = = About 4 billion IPV4 addresses There are over 7 billion people on Earth
36 Address exhaustion
37 Address exhaustion As early as the 1980s it was apparent the address space would get used up
38 Address exhaustion As early as the 1980s it was apparent the address space would get used up NB: Bill Gates once said 640KB of memory should be enough for anyone
39 Address exhaustion As early as the 1980s it was apparent the address space would get used up NB: Bill Gates once said 640KB of memory should be enough for anyone When I started programming in the late 70s the mainframe had 500KB of memory
40 Address exhaustion As early as the 1980s it was apparent the address space would get used up NB: Bill Gates once said 640KB of memory should be enough for anyone When I started programming in the late 70s the mainframe had 500KB of memory In the early 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide web, which led to massive expansion beyond the original audience
41
42 Introduction
43 Other option; MAC address
44 Other option; MAC address Any internet connected device has a MAC address
45 Other option; MAC address Any internet connected device has a MAC address Media Access Control
46 Other option; MAC address Any internet connected device has a MAC address Media Access Control unique (assigned by manufacturer)
47 Other option; MAC address Any internet connected device has a MAC address Media Access Control unique (assigned by manufacturer) 48 bits
48 Other option; MAC address Any internet connected device has a MAC address Media Access Control unique (assigned by manufacturer) 48 bits That means there are MAC addresses for every IPV4 address
49 Other option; MAC address Any internet connected device has a MAC address Media Access Control unique (assigned by manufacturer) 48 bits That means there are MAC addresses for every IPV4 address Why not use them instead?
50 Why MAC addresses won t work
51 Why MAC addresses won t work Remember: assigned by manufacturer
52 Why MAC addresses won t work Remember: assigned by manufacturer How do you know where to route a message if the address is not geographical?
53 Why MAC addresses won t work Remember: assigned by manufacturer How do you know where to route a message if the address is not geographical? That would be like trying to deliver mail to Jane Elizabeth Smith born May 12, 1975
54 Why MAC addresses won t work Remember: assigned by manufacturer How do you know where to route a message if the address is not geographical? That would be like trying to deliver mail to Jane Elizabeth Smith born May 12, 1975 Why not use a lookup table?
55 Why MAC addresses won t work Remember: assigned by manufacturer How do you know where to route a message if the address is not geographical? That would be like trying to deliver mail to Jane Elizabeth Smith born May 12, 1975 Why not use a lookup table? Remember there are MAC addresses
56 Why MAC addresses won t work Remember: assigned by manufacturer How do you know where to route a message if the address is not geographical? That would be like trying to deliver mail to Jane Elizabeth Smith born May 12, 1975 Why not use a lookup table? Remember there are MAC addresses If a router can search 1 billion (i.e ) addresses per second, a complete lookup table search would take about seconds (or about 71 hours)
57 Why MAC addresses won t work Remember: assigned by manufacturer How do you know where to route a message if the address is not geographical? That would be like trying to deliver mail to Jane Elizabeth Smith born May 12, 1975 Why not use a lookup table? Remember there are MAC addresses If a router can search 1 billion (i.e ) addresses per second, a complete lookup table search would take about seconds (or about 71 hours) This won t work; addresses have to contain routing information
58 Solution: IPV6
59 Solution: IPV6 A new internet protocol, IPV6, has been created
60 Solution: IPV6 A new internet protocol, IPV6, has been created It uses 128 bit addresses
61 Solution: IPV6 A new internet protocol, IPV6, has been created It uses 128 bit addresses That means there are addresses
62 Solution: IPV6 A new internet protocol, IPV6, has been created It uses 128 bit addresses That means there are addresses Is that enough for the foreseeable future?
63 Are there enough IPV6 addresses?
64 Are there enough IPV6 addresses? The radius of the earth is about 6000 km or m
65 Are there enough IPV6 addresses? The radius of the earth is about 6000 km or m That means its surface area is 4πR m 2
66 Are there enough IPV6 addresses? The radius of the earth is about 6000 km or m That means its surface area is 4πR m 2 The atmosphere is about 100km thick, or 10 5 m
67 Are there enough IPV6 addresses? The radius of the earth is about 6000 km or m That means its surface area is 4πR m 2 The atmosphere is about 100km thick, or 10 5 m Thus the volume of the atmosphere is about m 3, or = mm 3
68 Are there enough IPV6 addresses? The radius of the earth is about 6000 km or m That means its surface area is 4πR m 2 The atmosphere is about 100km thick, or 10 5 m Thus the volume of the atmosphere is about m 3, or = mm 3 There are about seconds in a year
69 Are there enough IPV6 addresses? The radius of the earth is about 6000 km or m That means its surface area is 4πR m 2 The atmosphere is about 100km thick, or 10 5 m Thus the volume of the atmosphere is about m 3, or = mm 3 There are about seconds in a year We could assign a new IPV6 address to every cubic millimetre in the atmosphere for about 1000 years before exhausting them.
70
71 Originally the internet was conceived to connect people to people
72 Originally the internet was conceived to connect people to people Early on, some saw it as a means of automation
73
74 The first thing on the Internet?
75 The first thing on the Internet? The Trojan Room coffee pot
76 The first thing on the Internet? The Trojan Room coffee pot Cambridge University
77 The first thing on the Internet? The Trojan Room coffee pot Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
78 The Trojan Room coffee pot
79 The Trojan Room coffee pot Long before webcams, (early 1990s), a digital framegrabber took pictures every few seconds
80 The Trojan Room coffee pot Long before webcams, (early 1990s), a digital framegrabber took pictures every few seconds A web server posted the image to a web page
81 The Trojan Room coffee pot Long before webcams, (early 1990s), a digital framegrabber took pictures every few seconds A web server posted the image to a web page When a new pot was brewed, a feeding (actually, drinking) frenzy could occur
82
83 Options included:
84 Options included: Radio
85 Options included: Radio Satellite
86 Options included: Radio Satellite Dedicated phone line
87 Options included: Radio Satellite Dedicated phone line All specialized and relatively expensive, since path needs to be approved and/or created
88 Remote sensing using the Internet
89 Remote sensing using the Internet Wifi fairly ubiquitous
90 Remote sensing using the Internet Wifi fairly ubiquitous Cellular possible in many more locations
91 Remote sensing using the Internet Wifi fairly ubiquitous Cellular possible in many more locations Satellite internet possible as well
92 Remote sensing using the Internet Wifi fairly ubiquitous Cellular possible in many more locations Satellite internet possible as well Access to internet at each end is all that s required, since path between device and monitor is already established.
93
94
95 Devices each need TCP/IP stack
96
97 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
98 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical
99 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical Security and safety
100 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical Security and safety Home automation
101 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical Applications
102 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical Applications Implanted devices
103 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical Applications Implanted devices pacemakers, insulin pumps
104 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical Applications Implanted devices pacemakers, insulin pumps allows real-time remote monitoring and logging
105 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Medical Applications Implanted devices pacemakers, insulin pumps allows real-time remote monitoring and logging timed release of medication; e.g. chemotherapy, pain relievers, etc.
106 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
107 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
108 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Security Applications
109 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Security Applications Home
110 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Security Applications Home remote monitoring of security system, cameras, baby monitor/camera
111 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Security Applications Home remote monitoring of security system, cameras, baby monitor/camera pet/child tracking
112 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Security Applications Home remote monitoring of security system, cameras, baby monitor/camera pet/child tracking Auto
113 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Security Applications Home remote monitoring of security system, cameras, baby monitor/camera pet/child tracking Auto tracking of vehicle and components; e.g. stereo
114 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Security Applications Home remote monitoring of security system, cameras, baby monitor/camera pet/child tracking Auto tracking of vehicle and components; e.g. stereo real-time logging of black box status information
115 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
116 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
117 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
118 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Home Automation Applications
119 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Home Automation Applications Home
120 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Home Automation Applications Home environment monitoring and control
121 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Home Automation Applications Home environment monitoring and control pet/child tracking
122 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Home Automation Applications Home environment monitoring and control pet/child tracking Auto
123 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Home Automation Applications Home environment monitoring and control pet/child tracking Auto cloud based entertainment
124 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications Home Automation Applications Home environment monitoring and control pet/child tracking Auto cloud based entertainment reminders of maintenance; automatic appointment scheduling, diagnosis
125 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
126 Medical Applications Security Applications Home Automation Applications
127 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
128 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Environmental
129 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Environmental Security
130 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Environmental Security Communication
131 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Environmental challenges
132 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Environmental challenges IoT devices are more complex
133 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Environmental challenges IoT devices are more complex Devices get frequent upgrades
134 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
135 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
136 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
137 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Security challenges
138 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Security challenges Remote monitoring could be by anyone
139 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Security challenges Remote monitoring could be by anyone Remote control...!!!!!!
140 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
141 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
142 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Communication
143 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Communication Devices talking to a server or user is only the beginning
144 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Communication Devices talking to a server or user is only the beginning Devices talking to each other will follow
145 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges Communication Devices talking to a server or user is only the beginning Devices talking to each other will follow What sort of language could allow for all kinds of devices to talk to each other?
146 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
147 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges
148 Environmental Challenges Security Challenges The future?
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