Course Advanced Life Science 7th Grade Curriculum Extension

Transcription

1 Course Advanced Life Science 7th Grade Curriculum Extension Laboratory investigations which include the use of scientific inquiry, research, measurement, problem solving, laboratory apparatus and technologies, experimental procedures, and safety procedures are an integral part of this course. The content should include, but not be limited to, the following: Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Big Ideas Big Idea 1: Practice of Science Big Idea 2: The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge Big Idea 3: The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models Big Idea 14: Organization and Development of Living Organisms Big Idea 15: Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms Big Idea 16: Heredity and Reproduction Big Idea 17: Interdependence Big Idea 18: Matter and Energy Transformations Florida s Frameworks for K-12 Gifted Learners Goals: By graduation, the student identified as gifted will be able to: Goal 1: critically examine the complexity of knowledge: the location, definition, and organization of a variety of fields of knowledge. Goal 2: create, adapt, and assess multifaceted questions in a variety of fields/disciplines. Goal 3: conduct thoughtful research/exploration in multiple fields. Goal 4: think creatively and critically to identify and solve real-world problems. Goal 5: assume leadership and participatory roles in both gifted and heterogeneous group learning situations. Goal 6: set and achieve personal, academic, and career goals. Goal 7: develop and deliver a variety of authentic products/performances that demonstrate understanding in multiple fields/disciplines.

2 ANALYZE DATA USING EXCEL Curriculum Extension Project Standards/Benchmarks and Goals/Objectives Next Generation Sunshine State Standards 1 SC.7.N.1.1 Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. SC.8.N.1.1 Define a problem from the eighth grade curriculum using appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. MA.6.A.3.6 Construct and analyze tables, graphs, and equations to describe linear functions and other simple relations using both common language and algebraic notation. FL Frameworks for K-12 Gifted Learners Goal 4, Obj. 2: Analyze Data Trait: Data Analysis (Perform): Uses a variety of tools and techniques to organize data to draw conclusive statements Goal 5, Obj. 3: Leadership Skills Trait: Communication (Know): Conveys information, concepts, and ideas using appropriate and advanced techniques Goal 5, Obj. 3: Leadership Skills Trait: Technology (Accomplish): Uses information systems to identify and analyze trends and events in order to forecast future implications Goal 1, Obj. 2: Foundational Concepts Trait: Components/Methodologies (Accomplish): Experiments with a variety of methods to analyze data to develop greater understanding Goal 4, Obj. 2: Analyze Data Trait: Critical Thinking (Accomplish): Analyzes, interprets, and synthesizes details and facts to examine relationships, infer meanings, and predict outcomes Goal 5, Obj. 3: Leadership Skills Trait: Technology (Accomplish): Uses information systems to identify and analyze trends and events in order to forecast future implications 1 The Sunshine State Next Generation Standards and FL Frameworks referenced in this Project Outline are meant as an overview and do not constitute an exhaustive list of the standards covered in this Advanced Physical Science 8 th Grade class. For a complete list of the standards covered in the course, see the course description for course Advanced Physical Science 8 th Grade at the FL Department of Education. The web site address is: < The student will: I. Use an Excel spreadsheet to generate an X-Y scatter plot. II. Add a best fit line to an X-Y scatter plot in Excel. III. Add error bars to an X-Y scatter plot.

3 I. Generate an X-Y scatter plot 1. Students enter the data labels and data from an experiment or other source of data. 2. Highlight the data you want to graph. If the data you need is not in consecutive columns then highlight the first column, hold down the control and then highlight the second column. OR 3. Under the "Insert" tab in the Charts section select "Scatter with only Markers" or "Scatter with Smooth Lines and Markers" to create a scatter plot.

4 4. Under the "Design tab" in the "Chart Layouts" section select "Layout 1" to add title boxes to the X and Y axis. Then click on each title box and label each axis. Remember to include the appropriate unit. 5. Click on the title and write your own title for the graph. The titles that Excel suggests are almost always unacceptable.

5 II. Best Fit Line in an X-Y scatter plot 1. To add a "best fit line" to the graph right click on a data point, left click "add a trend line". 2. Right click the trend line and then under "Trendline Options" select "liner" if the data looks linear OR select "power" of the data does not look linear. Finally "display equation on chart" and "Display R-squared value on chart". How well this equation describes the data (the 'fit'), is expressed as a correlation coefficient, R 2 (R-squared). The closer R 2 is to 1.00, the better the fit. 3. You may right click on most parts of the graph to change the formatting. 4. Linear equation y = mx + b a. m = slope b. b = y intercept c. y = dependent variable data (y-coordinate) d. x = independent variable data (x-coordinate)

6 III. Error Bars in X-Y scatter plot Add error bars 1. On 2-D area, bar, column, line, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, do one of the following: To add error bars to all data series in the chart, click the chart area. To add error bars to a selected data point or data series, click the data point or data series that you want, or do the following to select it from a list of chart elements: 2. Click anywhere in the chart. This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs. 3. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want. 4. On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Error Bars. 5. Do one of the following: Click a predefined error bar option, such as Error Bars with Standard Error, Error Bars with Percentage, or Error Bars with Standard Deviation. Click More Error Bar Options, and then under Vertical Error Bars or Horizontal Error Bars, click the display and error amount options that you want to use. NOTE The direction of the error bars depends on the chart type of your chart. For scatter charts, both horizontal and vertical error bars are displayed by default. You can remove either of these error bars by selecting them, and then pressing DELETE. Change the display of error bars 1. On a 2-D area, bar, column, line, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the error bars, the data point, or the data series that has the error bars that you want to change, or do the following to select them from a list of chart elements: 2. Click anywhere in the chart. This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.

7 3. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want. 4. On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Error Bars, and then click More Error Bar Options. 5. Under Display, click the error bar direction and end style that you want to use. Change the error amount options 1. On a 2-D area, bar, column, line, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the error bars, the data point, or the data series that has the error bars that you want to change, or do the following to select them from a list of chart elements: Click anywhere in the chart. This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs. 2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want. 3. On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Error Bars, and then click More Error Bar Options. 4. Under Error Amount, do one or more of the following: To use a different method to determine the error amount, click the method that you want to use, and then specify the error amount.

8 To use custom values to determine the error amount, click Custom, and then do the following: Click Specify Value. In the Positive Error Value and Negative Error Value boxes, specify the worksheet range that you want to use as error amount values, or type the values that you want to use, separated by commas. For example, type 0.4, 0.3, 0.8. Remove error bars TIP To specify the worksheet range, you can click the Collapse Dialog button, and then select the data that you want to use in the worksheet. Click the Collapse Dialog button again to return to the dialog box. NOTE In Microsoft Office Word 2007 or Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007, the Custom Error Bars dialog box may not show the Collapse Dialog button, and you can only type the error amount values that you want to use. 1. On a 2-D area, bar, column, line, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the error bars, the data point, or the data series that has the error bars that you want to remove, or do the following to select them from a list of chart elements: Click anywhere in the chart. This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs. 2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want. 3. Do one of the following: On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Error Bars, and then click None. Press DELETE. TIP You can remove error bars immediately after you add them to the chart by clicking Undo on the Quick Access Toolbar or by pressing CTRL+Z.

9 Review equations for calculating error amounts In Excel, you can display error bars that use a standard error amount, a percentage of the value (5%), or a standard deviation. Standard Error and Standard Deviation use the following equations to calculate the error amounts that are shown on the chart. THIS OPTION USES THIS EQUATION WHERE Standard Error s = series number i = point number in series s m = number of series for point y in chart n = number of points in each series y is = data value of series s and the ith point n y = total number of data values in all series Standard Deviation s = series number i = point number in series s m = number of series for point y in chart n = number of points in each series y is = data value of series s and the ith point n y = total number of data values in all series M = arithmetic mean

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