copyrighted material by PRO-ED, Inc. Contents About the Editors About the Contributors Preface xiii xxi

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1 Contents About the Editors About the Contributors Preface xiii xv xxi CHAPTER 1 A Rationale for Planning Treatment and Prevention of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse for Specific Populations Gary W. Lawson Factors in the Etiology of Addiction 3 Characterizing Individuals and Assessing Their Needs Treatment and Prevention 9 Diversity Issues and Evidence-Based Therapy 10 References 11 CHAPTER 2 An Overview of Women, Alcohol, and Their Treatment Helena Dano Dow Women and Alcohol 13 History of Female Alcoholism 16 Views on Contemporary Women's Drinking Why Do Women Drink? Consequences of Alcohol 19 The Effects of Alcoholism on Female Sexual Functioning Violent Victimization 23 Alcohol and Domestic Violence 25 Effects of Maternal Drinking on Children 26 The Effect of Familial Alcoholism on Women 27 Barriers to Treatment for Alcoholic Women 28 Gender-Specific Treatment 30 Family Involvement 34 Women's Organizations References 35 Resources vii

2 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 Substance Abuse and Psychopathology: Dually Diagnosed Patients P. Clayton Rivers, Colleen J. Mullen, and Melissa Malakoff Anxiety and Substance Abuse 46 Affective Disorders and Substance Abuse 49 Sociopathy and Substance Abuse 56 Some Special Issues in Treating the Dually Diagnosed Patient Summary 69 References 70 Resources S CHAPTER 4 Individuals Seeking Non-12-Step Recovery A. Thomas Horvath and Jullian Sokoloff Defining the Population That Seeks a Non-12-Step Approach 77 Legal Issues 78 Treatments Available to Individuals Seeking Alternative Approaches Alternative Support Groups 80 Clinical Considerations 87 References 89 Resources 90 CHAPTER 5 Substance Abuse and Misuse Among Older Adults: Risk Factors, Treatment, Prevention, and Future Directions Nick Curtis Jackson Alcohol Abuse 92 Medication Misuse 104 Illegal Drugs 112 Discussion and Future Directions 113 References 116 Resources 123 CHAPTER 6 Issues of Addiction and Abuse Among African Americans Cynthia G. Scott, Lisa A. Cox-Romain, and Jodi Bunting Stanley Young African Americans and Substance Abuse 128 African American History: Its Impact on Drug and Behavioral Addictions 129 African American Family Systems 132 Treatment 135 Prevention 142 Conclusion 143 References S 91 12S

3 CONTENTS ix CHAPTER 7 Substance Abuse and the Physician Arthur f. Farkas, Duane E. Rogers, and Gary R. Lewis Prevalence 150 Etiology 152 Identification 158 Treatment 159 Summary 165 References CHAPTER 8 Children of Alcoholics and Adult Children of Alcoholics Ann W. Lawson Problems of the Children 172 Role Behavior in Children of Alcoholics 179 Treatment to Help Children 183 A Model Prevention Program 186 Adult Children of Alcoholics 190 The Intergenerational Transmission of Alcoholism 202 Resilient Children of Alcoholics 205 References 208 Resources 212 CHAPTER 9 Working With Gay Men and Lesbian Women With Addiction Concerns Martin Adam and Veronica Gutierrez Drug and Alcohol Culture in the Gay Community Gay Identity 215 Unique Characteristics of Gay Men 216 Unique Characteristics of Lesbian Women 217 Therapeutic Considerations 218 Conclusion 222 References 223 Resources 225 CHAPTER Chemical Dependency Within the Hispanic Population: Considerations for Diagnosis and Treatment Jodi Bunting Stanley Group Characteristics 228 Alcohol and Drug Use 229 Diagnostic Considerations 231 Treatment Considerations 235 Treatment Modalities 236 Prevention 239 References

4 x CONTENTS CHAPTER 11 A Model for Treating Adolescent Substance Abuse Matthew Berlin and Ann W. Lawson Understanding the Adolescent 246 Recognizing Adolescent Conflict in Treatment 247 Types of Adolescent Substance Abusers 248 Five Motivational Patterns of Use/Abuse 249 Family Therapy 250 A Multidimensional Approach to Treatment 252 A Unified Model for Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Summary 268 References 269 Resources CHAPTER 12 Treatment and Prevention of Addiction Among Native Americans Ron J. Llewelyn and Gary W. Lawson A Brief Summary of Native American History 276 Myths Concerning Native American Alcohol Consumption Physiological Factors 279 Sociocultural Factors 283 Psychological Factors 286 Implications for Treatment and Prevention 288 Treatment Methods 292 Conclusion 296 References 296 Resources 299 CHAPTER A Family Systems Treatment for the Impaired Physician Barbara R. Cunningham The Promise of Bowen Family Systems Therapy 303 Underlying Philosophy and Theoretical Concepts 304 The Role of the Therapist in Bowen Family Systems 315 Use of the Family Diagram as a Major Tool of Assessment 316 Broadness of Perspective in Bowen Family Systems Theory: Universalist Concepts 317 Common Patterns in Families With an Impaired Physician 318 A Family Systems Therapy Approach With the Impaired Physician Family Information Is Power: Suggested Questions for the Impaired Physician Family 321 Conclusion 322 References

5 CONTENTS xi CHAPTER 14 Substance Abuse and Homelessness Susanne Friedrich Homelessness in the United States 325 Diversity in the Homeless Population 329 The Prevalence of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the Homeless Population CHAPTER 15 Health Problems as a Consequence of Homelessness Homeless Subgroups and Methods of Treatment Street Youth and Substance Abuse 339 Homeless Women and Families 342 Homeless Veterans 345 General Treatment Efficacy for Substance Abuse in the Homeless Population 347 Conclusion 348 References 349 Chemical Dependency and Treatment With Professional Male Athletes }. D. Friedman and Gary W. Lawson Performance-Enhancing Drugs 354 Lifestyle-Related Drugs and Substances A Sociological Perspective 365 Treatment Overview 366 CHAPTER 16 Concluding Thoughts References Substance Abuse in the Military Emily Naughton Lindley Demographics of the Population 373 Why Is the Military Different in Terms of Risk? Alcohol and Drug Use: Diagnostic Considerations CHAPTER 17 Treatment Considerations Prevention Efforts 380 Summary References Resources Substance Abuse in the Criminal Population Micah J. Mann and Gary W. Lawson Prevalence of Substance Abuse Within the Criminal Population Understanding the Causality of Criminal Behavior and Substance Abuse

6 xii CONTENTS Historical Perspective on Legislative Approaches to Substance Abuse and Crime 393 Treatment for the Substance-Abusing Criminal Summary 400 References CHAPTER 18 Substance Abuse Among Individuals With Disabilities Thuy- Phuong Do Types of Disabilities 405 Attitudinal Barriers That Impact Treatment 406 Myths and Their Implications 406 Treatment Strategies 412 Deafness and Hearing Impairment 413 Spinal Cord Injuries 415 Blindness and Visual Impairment 419 Developmental Disabilities 421 Conclusion 422 References 423 Appendix: Further Resources on Cultural Competency, Culturally Adapted Interventions, and Evidence-Based Practices Index