ZOOPLANKTON COMPOSITION OF TOHMA STREAM (MALATYA - TURKEY)

Transcription

1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE/ORİJİNAL ÇALIŞMA FULL PAPER TAM MAKALE ZOOPLANKTON COMPOSITION OF TOHMA STREAM (MALATYA TURKEY) Serap SALER, Necla İpek ALIŞ Fırat University Faculty of Fisheries, ElazığTurkey Corresponding author: Received: Accepted: Published online: Serap SALER, Fırat University Faculty of Fisheries, ElazığTurkey Abstract: This study was completed with periodical surveys in Tohma Stream between April 2013 May 2014 period seasonally. During the study, a total of 32 species (22 belong to genus Rotifera, 8 to Cladocera and 2 Copepoda) were identified in Tohma Stream. During the study period, Keratella cochlearis (Rotifera), was found in every station in all seasons. Also, it was found that the most common family in the study was Brachionidae (8 species) from Rotifera. All of the zooplanktonic species have been detected for the first time in Tohma Stream. Keywords: Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, Tohma Stream, Turkey JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING AND FISHERIES RESEARCH EISSN (1): 3035 (2016) doi: /JAEFR ScientificWebJournals (SWJ)

2 Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research Saler and Alış, 2(1): 3035 (2016) Introduction Zooplanktonic organisms are a very important step in the construction of modern aquatic food weebs. Zooplankton provides an important food source for larval fish and shrimps in natural waters and in aquaculture ponds. Zooplankton play a crucial role in aquatic food webs both in terms of biamass and energy fluxes by exploiting and recycling microscopic phytoplankton (Vannier et al., 2003). They produce massive quantities of nutrientrich particles that constitute a permanent and exploitable resource for benthic communities. It is therefore important to include the state of these communities in any investigation on a river system, whether in ecological studies or risk assessment of pollutants (Butterfield, 2002). In freshwater ecosystems, three groups of zooplankton, namely Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda, have been reported (Berzins and Pejler, 1987). Some species have been reported as characteristic indicators of water quality and trophic level of lakes (Sladecek, 1983; Herzig, 1987; Saksena, 1987). Many studies were carried out on zooplanktonic organisms in Turkey. Özdemir and Şen (1994), Göksu et al. (1997, 2005), Saler and Şen (2002), Ustaoğlu (2004), İpek and Saler (2008), Saler and İpek (2009), Bozkurt and Güven (2010), Saler et al. (2011a, b), İpek and Saler (2012), Bozkurt and Akın (2012) were some of them. Tohma Stream is an important water source, because it supplies the major portion of irrigation and fisheries needs in its province. Therefore, we carried out this study to explain the zooplankton fauna of Tohma Stream as no previous relevant data were available. Materials and Methods Tohma Stream is an important tributaries of Eupharate River and 107 km far away from Malatya city center (URL, 2014). Sampling was made seasonally between April 2013 May 2014 period from three stations which were defined to characterize whole Tohma Stream The coordinates of the stations were given in Table 1. Zooplankton samples were collected with a standart plankton net (Hydrobios Kiel, 25 cm diameter 55 µm mesh size) vertical and horizontal hauls and the specimens were preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution in plastic bottles. Zooplankton species were examined under Leitz inverted microscope. Relevant literatures as Edmondson (1959), Scourfield and Hardig (1966), Dussart (1969), Flössner (1972), Harding and Smith (1974), Kiefer (1978), Koste (1978 a, b), Dumont and De Ridder (1987), Reedy (1994) were used for the identification and classification of the species. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured with Oxi 315i/SET oxygen meter and ph with Lamotte (ph 5WC) ph meter in situ. Table 1. Coordinates of the stations in Tohma Stations Locations N E N E N E Results and Discussion In Tohma Stream, 32 zooplankton species were identified, including 22 Rotifera, 8 Cladocera and 2 Copepoda groups. Based on the number of individual s rotifers were the dominant group in the stream (69.69%) followed by Cladocera (24.24%) and Copepoda (6.06%). Dominant Rotifera species was Keratella cochlearis followed by Polyarthra dolichoptera and Filinia longiseta. Ceriodaphnia reticulata was the dominant Cladocera species. Cyclops vicinus was the dominant Copepoda species. The seasonal distributions of species are given in Table 2. There was a decrease in total zooplankton species richness in winter (21 species) (Table 2). The most taxa were observed in autumn (31 species) In spring and summer 30 species were recorded. According to the stations, the most number of species were recorded in the third station in spring with 25 species (18 belonging to Rotifera, 5 to Cladocera and 2 to Copepoda) and which the least were in the third station in winter with 6 species (4 belonging to Rotifera, 1 to Cladocera and 1 to Copepoda). Temperature, dissolved oxygen and ph values of the Tohma Stream were recorded in the field and shown in the Table 3. Zooplankton species are important indicators for aquatic habitats since most of them are used to determine the quality, the trophic level and level of population in lakes and streams. For example, species from Rotifera as Keratella cochlearis and Polyarthra dolichoptera are indicators of productive habitats, while Notholca acuminata 31

3 Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research Saler and Alış, 2(1): 3035 (2016) 32 and Notholca squamula are indicators of cold waters (Kolisko, 1974). All of these species were detected in Tohma Stream. K. cochlearis and P. dolichoptera were observed in every seasons. N. acuminata and N. squamula were observed in cold seasons (autumn and winter). In lotic habitats, true plankters often predominate and fast growing rotifers are often dominant (Hynes, 1970). One of the fast growing rotifers, K. cochlearis was observed in every sampling period. Species richness of Rotifera was found quite high when compared to Cladocera and Copepoda in Turkish inland waters (Saler and İpek, 2009; Saler et al. 2011,a,b; Bozkurt and Güven 2010, Gaygusuz and Dorak, 2013). In this study 22 species were found to belong to Rotifera among 32 zooplankton species. According to Stember and Gannon (1978), Rotifera forms an important part of biomass in eutrophic water systems. In Tohma Stream this data was supported with Rotifera species dominance in every seasons. Table 2. Seasonal distribution of zooplankton in the stations of Tohma Stream Seasons Autumn Winter Spring Summer Stations SPECIES Rotifera Ascomorpha saltans Bartsch,1870 Asplanchna priodonta Gosse,1850 Brachionus angularis Gosse,1851 Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann, 1783 Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg, 1830) Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg, 1830) Colurella uncinata (Müller, 1773) Euclanis dilatata Ehrenberg,1832 Epiphanes senta (Müller, 1773) Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg,1834) Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott,1879) Keratella cochlearis (Gosse,1851) Keratella quadrata (Muller,1786) Keratella valga (Ehrenberg, 1834) Lepadella acuminata (Ehrenberg, 1834) Lepadella patella (Müller, 1773) Notholca acuminata (Ehrenberg, 1832) Notholca squamula (Müller,1786) Philodina roseola Ehrenberg,1832 Polyarthra dolichoptera Idelson, 1925 Pompholyx sulcata Hudson, 1885 Rotaria rotatoria (Pallas, 1766) Cladocera Bosmina longirostris (Müller,1785) Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine,1820) Coronatella rectangulata Sars,1861 Daphnia cucullata Sars,1862 Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) Disparalona rostrata (Koch,1841) Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) Leydigia leydigi (Schoedler,1863) Copepoda Acanthodiaptomus denticornis (Wierzejski, 1887) Cyclops vicinus Uljanin, 1875

4 Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research Saler and Alış, 2(1): 3035 (2016) Table 3. Seasonal values of temperature, dissolved oxygen and ph recorded in Tohma Stream Seasons Autumn Winter Spring Summer Stations Parameters Temperature (ºC) Dis. Oxygen(mg/L) ph All the recorded zooplankton species in the present study are widely distributed around the world. Also many of the recorded species are common in Turkey (Gündüz 1997, Ustaoğlu, 2004, Ustaoğlu et al, 2012). Only 8 species of Cladocera were observed in stream. Among the identified species Leydigia leydigi, Daphnia cucullata and Disparalona rostrata were rarely found in the stream. Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Coronatella rectangulata and Daphnia magna were observed throughout all seasons. Cyclops vicinus and Acanthodiaptomus denticornis were the representatives of Copepods. Both species were recorded in all seasons. The ecological features of the recorded species show that most of them are cosmopolitan and littoral inhabiting (Kolisko, 1974). Additionally, among the recorded species, Bosmina longirostris and Cyclops vicinus, Polyarthra dolichoptera, Keratella cochlearis are well known indicators of eutrophy (Ryding and Rast, 1989). Brachionus and Keratella species are inhabitants of moderately mesotrophic waters (Saksena 1987). In Tohma Stream Keratella cochlearis was observed in all seasons in every station. Studies in the literature revealed the fact that Cyclops vicinus is the indicator of eutrophic state, Bosmina longirostris and Ceriodaphnia reticulata are the indicators of oligotrophiceutrophic waters (Makarewicz, 1993). C. vicinus and C. reticulata were recorded in the stream in all seasons. Acharya, et al. (2005), were observed that with smaller body cladoceran like Bosmina were highly abundant in the rivers generally. In Tohma Stream Bosmina longirostris was recorded in every seasons except winter. According to the results of this study, the frequency of occurrence of zooplanktonic species was showed an increase in autumn. The number of species in spring and summer, showed near values with the number of taxa in autumn. The zooplanktonic species seasonal diversities of some lotic systems as Haringet Stream, Seli Stream, Pülümür Stream, Asi River, Kürk Stream, Peri Stream and Görgüşan Stream were showed similarities with our findings (Özdemir and Şen, 1994; İpek and Saler, 2008; Saler et al., 2010; Bozkurt and Güven 2010, Saler et al., 2011a, b; İpek and Saler, 2012). In all of these streams number of zooplankton taxa were increased in spring and summer months and decreased in winter months. Akbulut and Yıldız (2005), were observed 40 rotifera species in the 5 different localities from Euphrates River Basin, and Brachionus (6 species) Lecane (5 species) were the abundant genera and many of these species were same with Tohma stream zooplankton species. In Tohma Stream species from Brachionidae were recorded with 9 species. Water temperature were changed between ºC, dissolved oxygen mg/l, ph (Table 3). These values were convenient for zooplankton life in aquatic habitats (Kolisko, 1974) Conclusion Zooplankton of Tohma Stream consist of Cladocera, Copepoda and Rotifera groups. Rotifers were dominant zooplanktonic group in Tohma Stream and represented with 22 species. 33

5 Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research Saler and Alış, 2(1): 3035 (2016) Rotifera has also showed higher diversity in all stations when compared to the other groups. No previous study was previously carried out on the zooplankton fauna of Tohma Stream. Present study, will be a base for further studies and acquirements of Turkey s lotic habitats biodiversity. References Acharya, K., Jack, J.D., & Bucaveckas, P.A., (2005). Dietary effects on life history traits of riverine Bosmina. Freshwater Biology, 50, Akbulut, N., & Yıldız, K. (2005). The Rotifera fauna of Euphrates River Basin (Turkey). Hacettepe Journal Biology and Chemistry, 34, Berzins, B., & Pejler, B. (1987). Rotifer occurrence in relation to ph. Hydrobiology, 147, Bozkurt, A., & Güven, S.E. (2010). Asi Nehri zooplankton süksesyonu. Journal of Fisheriessciences.com 4(4), Bozkurt, A., & Akın, Ş. (2012). Zooplankton Fauna of Yeşilırmak (between Tokat and Blacksea), Hasan Uğurlu and Suat Uğurlu Dam Lakes. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12, Butterfield, N.J. (2002). Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of threedimensional structures in Burgess Shaletype fossils. Paleobiology, 28(1):, Dumont, H.J., & De Ridder, M. (1987), Rotifers from Turkey. Hydrobiologia, 147:6573. Dussart, B. (1969). Les Copepodes des Eaux Continentales d Europe Occidentale Tale II Cyclopoides et Biologie, N. Boubee et Cie, Paris. Edmondson, W.T. (1959). Fresh Water Biology, Second edition. University of Washington. Flössner, D. (1972). Krebstiere, Crustacea. Kiemen and Blattfüsser Brachiopoda Fischlause, Branchiura, Tierwelt Deutschlands. 60. Tiel Veb. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. Gaygusuz, Ö., & Dorak, Z. (2013). Species composition and diversity of the zooplankton fauna of Darlık Stream (İstanbulTurkey) and its tributaries. Journal of Fisheriessciences. com, 7(4), Göksu, M.Z.L., Çevik, F., Bozkurt, A., & Sarıhan, E. (1997). Seyhan Nehri nin (Adana il merkezi sınırları içindeki bölümünde) Rotifera ve Cladocera faunası. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 21, Göksu, M.Z.L., Bozkurt, A., Taşdemir, M., & Sarıhan, E. (2005). Asi Nehri (Hatay, Türkiye) Cladocera ve Copepoda faunası. Ege University Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(12), Gündüz, E. (1997). Türkiye içsularında yaşayan Cladocera (Crustacea) türlerinin listesi. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 21, Harding, J.P., & Smith W.A. (1974). A Key to the British Freshwater. Biological Association Scientific Publication, No: 18, Westmorland. Herzig, A. (1987). The analysis of planktonic rotifers populations. A plea for longterm investigations. Hydrobiologia, 147, Hynes, H.B.N. (1970). The Ecology of Running Waters. Liverpool University Press. Liverpool. İpek, N., & Saler, S. (2008). Seli Çayı (Elazığ Türkiye) Rotifer faunası ve bazı biyoçeşitlilik indeksleri ile analizi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 25(3), İpek, N., & Saler, S. (2012). Görgüşan Çayı ve Geban Deresi (Elazığ Türkiye) zooplanktonu. Journal of Fisheriessciences.com, 6(2), Kiefer, F. (1978). Das Zooplankton der Binnengewasser. 2. Teil, Freilebende Band XXVI, Stutgart. Kolisko, R.A. (1974). Plankton Rotifers. Biology and Taxonomy. Binnengewasser, Stuttgart. Koste, W. (1978 a). Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas. I. Textband, Berlin. Koste, W. (1978b). Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas II. Tofelband, Berlin. Makarewicz, J.C. (1993). A lake wide comparison of zooplankton biomass and its species composition in Lake Erie. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 19(2), Özdemir, Y., & Şen, D. (1994): Haringet Çayında saptanan zooplankter organizmalar. 34

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