Sample copy. Introduction To WebLogic Server Property of Web 10.3 Age Solutions Inc.

Transcription

1 Introduction To WebLogic Server Property of Web 10.3 Age Solutions Inc.

2 Objectives At the end of this chapter, participants should be able to: Understand basic WebLogic Server architecture Understand the difference between administrative servers and managed servers Create a domain using the configuration wizard Use the Administration Console Start and stop WebLogic Server instances

3 WebLogic Server Instances Each WebLogic Server runs as an individual process Also known as an "instance" Each running instance of WebLogic Server is a full fledged JEE application server A running server instance of WebLogic will have a running web container, EJB container, JMS server, etc. Can service requests An Application Server's main task is to host and Property server JEE of applications! Web Age Solutions Inc. To "start WebLogic" implies starting one or more WebLogic Server instances

4 The Java Virtual Machine All Java programs run inside a java virtual machine (JVM) This JVM is the "java sandbox" that contains running java code The JVM is the byte code interpreter that reads and executes all java classes For every Java program that is executed, the OS will start a JVM process to execute that code Running a java program and then looking at your OS process list will show a process called java.exe (on Windows) or just java (on Unix) An instance of WebLogic Server is a java program itself Starting one instance of WebLogic Server will start an instance of the JVM Multiple instances running would imply there are multiple JVMs running as well The JVM is a part of the Sun specification of how the Java Property programming language of Web works Age Solutions Inc. The JVM is usually included as a part of a JDK (Java Development Kit) download Also can be installed in the form of a JRE (Java Runtime Environment)

5 JVM Providers Sun Microsystems is the "creator" of Java controls the language "spec" (i.e. how the language works) Maintains versions of the JDK (and hence, JVM) Sun will always have an implementation of the latest JVM version available for download and use Most Java run time environments will use the JVM provided by Sun, but other vendors also produce a JVM WebLogic Server 10 comes packaged with 2 JVMs, allowing the administrator to decide which version to use Property Sun JDK v1.6.0_05 of Web (The Age 'official' Solutions Sun implementation) Inc. The established standard JRockit9 v1.6.0_05 (Created by 3 rd party) The JRockit JVM has been fine-tuned and optimized for server-side java applications Regardless of the choice of JVM, all applications should work in either environment... but one may run faster than the other.

6 Threads vs. Processes WebLogic Server itself is running several services (e.g. web container, EJB container) Each one of these services runs as a separate thread inside the parent JVM process WebLogic Server is multi-threaded to allow for high-performance and concurrency While it may look like hundreds of requests are being serviced by one WebLogic instance at any given moment, only one process should be running Only one java.exe

7 WebLogic Server Domains A WebLogic Server instance must belong to a domain A domain is a logical collection of one or more server instances, sharing a common configuration When a WebLogic Server instance is created, it is either added to an existing domain, or a new domain is created for it, using the provided configuration wizard tool Every domain has a unique name Each domain has its own domain directory on the file system. This directory will contain all the configuration information for the server(s) in that domain

8 Servers And Domains A domain contains one or more WebLogic Server instances Every domain has exactly one administration server Optionally, has 1 or more managed servers Both Administration Server and Managed Servers are fully J2EE capable application servers, but an Administration Server is also capable of performing administrative duties for a domain At its simplest, a WebLogic Server domain will have just one admin server which is responsible for both administering the domain as well as serving all applications A more typical domain architecture would have a single admin server Property and multiple managed of Web servers Age Solutions Inc. In this case, the admin server would be responsible just for admin duties The managed servers would perform all the application serving Can be connected in a cluster Clustering will be discussed in great detail in a later chapter In a domain, servers do not all have to be run on the same physical machine.

9 Domain Configuration A domain's complete configuration will be stored in the domain directory e.g. server definitions, web container settings, security settings, etc This is also known as the configuration repository Making any administrative changes to the domain configuration setup implies altering files inside the configuration repository Property e.g. config.xml of Web Age Solutions Inc. Config.xml contains the majority of domain configuration data Note that the makeup has changed since WLS 8.x. Will be discussed later in the chapter.

10 WebLogic Administration Domain Configuration Repository Administration Server Set/Get Administration Service HTTP Administration Console Monitor Get Configuration On start up Property of Web Age Solutions Server 3 Inc. Server 1 Server 2 Cluster Domain

11 Directory Structures Three major directory structures in a BEA-installed environment: <bea_home>, <wl_home> and <domain_dir> Typically <bea_home> is /bea, it is the "top level" folder for all BEA products Important sub-dirs: wlserver_10.3 Contains all the binaries and libraries needed for WebLogic Server that are used by all server instances and domains Often referred to as <wl_home> JVM folders (for both JRockit and Sun) This variable is referred to in many WebLogic scripts. One <bea_home> can contain multiple versions of WebLogic Server v10 can co-exist with v9 and v8, as each will have a separate <wl_home> folder

12 Directory Structures <domain_dir> One per created domain. Contains configuration repository per domain. Typically Sample under copy <bea_home>/user_projects/domains Important sub-dirs: servers Contains specific server data for each server in the domain (e.g. log files, deployment directories, etc) config Property autodeploy of Web Age Solutions Inc. Contains domain wide configuration data In development used for auto-deployment of applications. (will be discussed later) bin Contains launch scripts

13 Getting Started Roadmap Basic steps to getting a WebLogic Server up and running: 1. Install the software Installs all the binaries and libraries that are needed by WebLogic Server Use the BEA installer Done once per machine Set <bea_home> 2. Create a domain, and define an administration server for this domain Use the configuration wizard If creating a second domain, no need to re-install the software; just use the configuration wizard to create another domain Specify an administrator username/password 3. Start the administration server in the newly created domain Use the startweblogic.cmd script 4. Administer the new domain by using the administration server' Admin Console Open a browser to From the admin console: 5. Create managed servers if necessary 6. Configure resources 7. Deploy applications.

14 Install WebLogic Server This step copies the WebLogic Server binaries and libraries onto Sample the machine copy Use the BEA installer, either off CD or via downloaded package Choose optional components to install Complete install implies installation of both the server software as well as the Workshop for WebLogic Platform Property development of Web environment Age Solutions Inc. Accept the license agreement Specify BEA home and product directory Recommended: leave defaults

15 The Configuration Wizard The configuration wizard is a tool that is used to create new WebLogic Server domains Java-based GUI Sample tool copy Launch: <wl_home>\common\bin\config.cmd for Windows (config.sh for Unix) A domain must be created before any servers can be created! The configuration wizard can: Create new domains Define simple domains (e.g. just a single admin server) or complex domains (multiple servers, clusters, etc) Property Define resources of Web in this new Age domain Solutions Inc. (Can also be done from the admin console post domain creation) Extend existing domains Define resources in an existing domain (Can also be done from the admin console) Upon completion, a domain directory should be created, typically found in <bea_home>/user_projects/domains/<domain_name>

16 The Configuration Wizard: Creating A New Domain Important steps: Select Create a new WebLogic Domain Specify domain type (e.g. new, or based on a template) Specify an administrator username and password Do not lose this information! Specify which JVM to use, and start mode Start mode can be either production or development. This will be discussed later. Avoid customizing domain now; do it later from the admin console Specify a domain name, as well as domain location Best to leave default for location The domain will be created at this point.

17 Starting The Administrative Server Starting a domain implies starting the administrative server for that domain The creation wizard, Sample by default, defines copy an administrative server (called AdminServer), listening at port 7001 This name and port number can be overridden at domain creation time To start the admin server, run the startweblogic.cmd (or startweblogic.sh for Unix) script in the newly created domain directory Recall: domain directory is created at: <bea_home>/user_projects/domains/<domain_name> Property Executing this script of Web will start Age the administration Solutions server Inc. for the domain Recall: this launches a JVM which is the java process for this server instance This start script, as well as others can also be found in the bin/ subfolder of <domain_dir> Once the server is started, the Administration Console can be opened!

18 The Administration Console The Admin Console will be the primary means of configuring and administering WebLogic Browser based, accessible from any client Allows remote administration Functionally equivalent to the admin console in previous versions of WebLogic Server Identical to the Admin Console from WebLogic v9.x "Portal based" instead of 8.x applet based Login with username/password specified during domain creation

19 Administrative Tasks Using the Admin Console, some of the more important tasks that can be performed are: Defining new managed server instances Define clusters, virtual hosts Starting servers in the domain (in conjunction with the Node Manager) Define "machines" Setting up application resources (e.g. JDBC data sources, JMS connection factories, JTA, JNDI etc) Configure security Deploy applications All of these operations will be covered throughout this course!

20 Change Center WLS v9 and WLS v10 (previous to 10.3) featured a mandatory Change Center system In order to make any changes, the administrator had to obtain a "lock" from the console, and then had to explicitly "activate" changes afterwards While theoretically a good idea, it ended up acting as a nuisance to most administrators In WLS 10.3, this "lock and activate" is only enabled by default in production mode. In development mode, it is disabled by default Can be toggled as desired

21 Other Administrative Tools In addition to the admin console, WebLogic Server can also be administered by: Various BEA-provided command line tools (e.g. weblogic.deployer, startmanagedweblogic.cmd) Very limited in scope; can only perform a few basic admin functions Will usually require command-line environment CLASSPATH settings to point at WebLogic JARs WLST A full featured command-line based scripting environment Very powerful; can do anything the admin console can Uses the Jython language...will be discussed in a later chapter! Inexperienced administrators should use the admin console as much as possible; experienced administrators should look towards migrating tasks to WLST scripts

22 Setting the Domain Environment If using command line tools, it is command line environment Sample must copy be set with appropriate variables for many operations e.g. any use of java weblogic.* commands will require an appropriate CLASSPATH Setting these variables can be done by running script setdomainenv in the <domain_dir>/bin directory Run this before doing any command line work.

23 Automatically Starting Admin Servers The admin server for a domain can be configured Sample with the OS copy to start automatically upon system reboot Windows: use the BEA provided installsvc.cmd to register the admin server process as an OS service Can be found at <wl_home>/server/bin This service registration can be performed at domain creation time using the configuration wizard Unix: Use the OS-provided rc script and the init process

24 Managed Servers The configuration wizard will create an admin server, but not necessarily managed servers Recall: managed servers are optional but recommended in a domain Typically, leave the admin server functioning exclusively as an administration tool, and use managed servers to host applications A cluster typically uses managed servers as its members Once a domain has been created, managed servers can be created through the admin console Property As the name of implies, Web managed Age servers Solutions are managed Inc. by the admin server in the domain which they belong To configure a Managed Server's settings, use the admin console

25 Creating A Managed Server Start the admin server and login to the admin console In the Domain Structure pain, click on <domainname> Environment Servers In the Summary Of Servers pane, click New Specify the new managed server's settings Minimally, specify a Server name Port Click Finish

26 Server Details A server's name should be unique within the domain This is not a hostname; it is a handle to the managed server in the context of the domain A server's port number should also be one that is not currently in use If the specified port number is in use, the server will not be able to start up. Port conflict error! It is possible for a server box to be multihomed, meaning it has several network cards installed on it. Implies one machine has multiple IP addresses In this case, we can assign a specific listen address for each managed server we create. This is the address that the server will listen on for incoming requests. Not very common; usually, the field is left blank

27 Starting A Managed Server Managed servers can be started from: The command line, using the startmanagedweblogic.cmd script file which can be found in <domain_dir>/bin Usage: startmanagedweblogic <managedservername> <adminserverurl> e.g. startmanagedweblogic TestServer Specify a user name/password that has boot privileges (typically admin username/password) The managed server will launch and will attempt to connect to the specified admin server to obtain configuration info If the admin server is not running, the managed server will start in "independence mode" Server will run, but will not accept any configuration changes. Alternatively, if (and only if) the Node Manager is being used, a managed server can be started from inside the admin console The Node Manager will be discussed in a later chapter

28 Password boot.properties It is time consuming to have to enter usernames and passwords Sample every time a managed copy server is to be started Create a plain text file called boot.properties in <domain_dir>. Inside this file, create two lines: username=<boot_username> password=<boot_password> On next boot, WebLogic Server will read this file and use the specified username and password. It will then encrypt it so it cannot be viewed.

29 Examining Server Status The status of all servers in a domain (running/starting/stopped, etc) can be examined from the admin console Environment Servers Should always check this after starting managed servers A domain may run all servers on one physical machine, or it may contain servers across several machines (more common for clustering). In terms of administrative control, the physical machine on which a managed server is irrelevant; the AdminServer for the domain will control all managed servers that belong to it

30 Shutting Down Servers Servers can be properly shutdown in two ways: Through the command line stopweblogic.cmd (or stopweblogic.sh for Unix) in <domain_dir>/bin to shutdown the AdminServer stopmanagedweblogic.cmd (or stopmanagedweblogic.sh for Unix) in the same directory to shutdown managed servers Through the admin console The Node Manager is not necessary for this For a server, click its Control tab. Check the Server to shutdown and click the Shutdown button Through WLST WLST will be discussed in the next chapter

31 Shutting Down Servers When shutting down servers, a Force or Wait can be specified Force implies "shut down immediately, even if users are connected to the server" Connected users will be ungracefully "booted" Avoid doing this for live production machines Wait will tell WebLogic Server to wait until all connected users finish their work A timeout can be specified; if work does not complete before the timeout expires, a force shutdown will occur Both of these are considered "Graceful" shutdowns and allow WebLogic to "clean up" after itself if necessary. Property Ways to improperly of Web shut down Age WebLogic: Solutions Inc. Killing the process through the OS Ctrl-C on the process window where a server is running, or simply closing it Reboot the machine Avoid doing these where possible! Explicitly killing a WebLogic Server process in these ways is ungraceful and may leave the domain in a corrupted state.

32 Admin Server Shutdown An admin server in a domain can be shutdown without affecting any running Managed servers Recall, admin server is just for administrative use. If all the managed servers have been properly configured, and no changes are pending, the admin server can be shutdown safely Admin console will not be available Managed servers will go into independence mode Domain log will not be updated The domain log will be discussed later No changes can be made to the domain until the admin server is Property restarted of Web Age Solutions Inc. When the admin server is restarted, it will notify the managed servers that it is back in business. The admin server is not a single point of failure! Managed servers will continue to run and host applications in the absence of the admin server

33 Admin Server Backup If the admin server cannot be restarted on the same Sample machine, a backup copycan be made on a separate machine On the backup machine: Install the software Copy the domain directory from the old machine to the backup machine Launch the server on the backup machine Managed servers running in independence mode should detect the new 'backup' admin server.

34 Start Scripts Both startweblogic(.sh,.cmd) and startmanagedweblogic(.sh,.cmd) can be edited by the administrator if necessary e.g. setting classpaths and other environment variables Additionally, these domain specific scripts may call other WebLogic Server standard scripts (e.g. setdomainenv.cmd) Edit these scripts with care. Making a typo in one of the core WebLogic Server scripts can result in all scripts to fail.

35 config.xml In previous version of WebLogic Server, config.xml was the "master" configuration The entire domain Sample configuration was copy kept in this one file As of WebLogic Server 9.x, the file has been changed Older config.xml files cannot be used, so do not copy over one from a previous version Now stored in a directory called <domain_dir>/config Is no longer "monolithic" References other xml files in other subfolders in the <domain_dir> No more automatic ".booted" backups WebLogic no longer makes a backup copy of config.xml upon successful bootup Administrator will have to manually backup config directory Although it is possible to change WebLogic Server's configuration by manually editing these config files, it is highly reccomended not to do so A typo or mistake can render a domain useless Only make changes through the proper admin tools

36 Summary Domains are logical collections of an Administration Sample Server copy and zero or more Managed Servers and are created through the Domain Configuration Wizard WebLogic Server can be started using BEA provided scripts WebLogic Server is administered primarily via a browser-based administration console