Department of Materials Science. Annual Report and Engineering

Transcription

1 Department of Materials Science Annual Report 2007 and Engineering

2 Table of Contents Editorial... 3 Science stories... 5 Publications in international peer review journals, books and patents Conference proceedings, other reports and publications Equipment Kjemi II-Seminars, Energy and Materials Guest lecturers Staff Graduate studies Course program M.Sc. students Graduated M.Sc. students with titles of their diploma works Extracurricular activities Picture on front page: Ferroelastic ceramic polycrystal. Photo: Morten Karlsen. Annual report for Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Internet address: The editor thanks - Brit Wenche Meland, Åse Lill Salomonsen, Hilde Martinsen Nordø, Martha Bjerknes and Trond Einar Hagen for collecting the administrative data and taking care of the process of printing the report. - Skipnes AS for printing

3 From the editors This annual report is the fifth report for the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE) after the last reorganisation of the departments at the Faculty for Natural Sciences and Technology in Three former departments merged nearly six years ago, and we have used the time since the merger to continuously develop a unified education and research environment based on the strong traditions at the three former departments. We have made substantial progress to meet this goal. Last year we carried out a critical assessment of our master programs curriculums, and during the revision we could harvest our effort to join the former research groups together. Our master programs have now three directions of specializations, of which each involve faculty from all three former departments. The three directions of specialization are Metal production and recirculation, Materials development and application and Energy technology materials. During these years key faculty members at the three former departments have retired and the demand for new faculty has been the main challenge for our future success. Professor Erik Nes and Associate Professor Dagfinn Bratland retired in December 2007, Professor Terje Østvold will retire this year, while the professors Jon Arne Bakken, Torvald Abel Eng, Nils Ryum, Reidar Tunold and Harald A. Øye have retired since During the same period we have recruited five new faculty members and additional two new faculty positions have been announced recently during the fall 2007 and spring The recruitment of excellent new faculty and students is the most important issue in the years to come in order to accomplish NTNU s strategic ambitions to be among the top 10 technical universities in Europe by The demand for competent master and PhD candidates in science and engineering is at time being historical. Most of our PhD and master candidates graduating in near future have already signed their contract with their future employer. This is really good news for us, but it also creates challenges with respect to recruitment of Norwegian PhD students and post docs for our new research projects. This is reflected in the strongly increasing amount of foreign PhD and post docs at DMSE. At present 35 % of our PhD students, 70 % of our post-docs/researchers and 10 % of our faculty are non-native Norwegians. The demand for engineers and scientists in Norway reflects the recruitment of excellent students to the student programs in science and technology at NTNU. The students at DMSE are enrolled via four different master programs in 2008, among these are two international masters programs. The new program Silicon and Ferroalloys is expected to enrol the first student in master students graduated from DMSE in 2007 compared to 33 in 2006, and we are expecting this number to be even higher in The number of exchange students from European universities at NTNU continues to increase every year, and we are very glad to see that several of these come back to us as PhD students. The annual number of publications in peer reviewed journals has never been higher at DMSE than in 2006 and the number in 2007 was nearly at the same level. DMSE is among the best departments at NTNU and at Norwegian universities with regard to the annual number of publications per faculty, which is a key factor for our competitiveness has also been positive with regards to new project grants and grants for new equipment. Several of our students were awarded for their outstanding contribution during MSc Zhaohui Wang was awarded for best engineering student at the Faculty and MSc Tangh Van Vo was awarded for one of the best innovative ideas among students at NTNU. Professor Hans Jørgen Roven was appointed as a guest professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. We should also mention that the last Doctor Honoris Causa at NTNU professor David Embury is an old friend of the department. The International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium was arranged for the 26th time in Every year more than 100 scientists and engineers are visiting NTNU to attend this course. This year DMSE also organized the 9th International Summer School on Aluminium Alloys. The school represents state of the art in aluminium alloy technology and the special topics of the 2007 summerschool were Thermo-mechanical Processing and Forming of aluminium, ranging from casting and solidification to forming and formability of rolled sheets and extruded profiles, with focus on multi-scale approaches. The lecturers included renowned European and American experts from universities and the aluminium industry and the 2007 summer school attracted nearly 60 participants from eleven countries.

4 From the editors In several of the research fields we work closely together with researchers at SINTEF, industrial partners and colleagues at both national and international universities and institutions. Collaboration is the key element to our success and we would like to acknowledge our collaborators at home and abroad. We would like to express our gratitude to our sponsors; the Research Council of Norway, the EU framework programs and finally national and international industry with which we collaborate. Finally, this annual report has the same outline as we have used the last five years. The first part comprises short reports giving an impression of the current research conducted in the four research groups at DMSE, the annual list of publications and conference proceedings and the laboratory infrastructure at DMSE. The first part is intended to give external readers an impression of the research being performed at DMSE. The second part, which comprises an overview of the staff, master students and PhD students, last years Masters and PhD candidates and their thesis titles and finally extracurricular activities, is presenting a comprehensive overview of the annual activity at DMSE and is more intended for the archives. We will like to acknowledge the scientific staff for their contribution to this report. Particularly we would like to acknowledge Secretary Åse Lill Salomonsen and the other members of the administrative staff for their effort. NTNU April 2008 Tor Grande and Knut Marthinsen

5 Physical metallurgy Bulk nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation New and surprising nanostructures are observed in commercial aluminium alloys processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Bulk nanostructured materials (BNMs) processed by SPD have provided new opportunities for developing nanostructures in metals and alloys with unusual properties that are very attractive for various structural and functional applications. Besides having a typical grain size in the range of ~ nm, these materials can exhibit unusual features. High density hexagonal and rhombic shaped nanostructures with an average size of 4 nm are observed in commercial Al Mg ( Si) alloys processed by both equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature (Fig. 1). These surprising nanostructures may have profound effects on the mechanical properties and further investigations are therefore involving collaboration with one of the top-ten materials scientists in the world (Prof. Ruslan Z. Valiev, Ufa, Russia). Both the average grain size and the dislocation densities depend on the alloy Mg content. The average grain size in HPT Al Mg alloys measured by x-ray line profile analysis decreased from about 120 nm to 55 nm as the Mg content increased from 0.5 to 4.1 wt% (results from the collaborator, Prof. Tamas Ungár, Eötvös University, Hungary). At the same time, the average dislocation density increased from 1.7 x10 14 to 1.3x10 15 m -2. However, local densities in grain boundary and triple junction areas observed by HRTEM might be as high as 1.4 x m -2 (see front page of Int. J. Mater. Res. (formerly: Zeitschrift für Metallkunde), 98(3), (2007) and contained article pp ). A high density of local nano-twins and stacking faults (SFs) is detected by HRTEM within both nanocrystalline grains (Fig. 2) and ultrafine grains though the average volume twin density measured from the x-ray line profile analysis may be quite small. Most of the SFs in the SPD aluminium alloys are formed by two 30 Shockley partials dissociated from a pure screw dislocation (Fig. 3). Hans Jørgen Roven, Manping Liu and Yingda Yu Fig. 1 HRTEM [1-1 0] image showing planar hexagonal and rhombic shaped nanostructures. Fig. 2 Fig. 3 A high density of nano-twins and SFs A 0 screw dislocation dissociated into two 30 within a nanocrystalline grain. Shockley partials connected by an intrinsic SF. Photos: Manping Liu

6 Physical Metallurgy Vanadium additions to high manganese austenitic steels for wear applications in stone crushers The background for this project is the need for developing an improvement in Strømhard, an austenitic manganese steel from Scana Steel Stavanger. Strømhard is used in large scale crushing plates and crushing cones for stone and ore crushing. This alloy was developed in Norway in the early 1970s as an improvement of the tenacious Hadfield steels alloyed with 12 % manganese and 1,2 % carbon. The Strømhard steel had increased wear resistance compared with the Hadfield steels, and is alloyed with 20 % manganese, 1,5 % carbon and 2,5 % chromium. Both alloys are fully austenitic, single phased steels after heat treatment. To increase economical and environmental gain by making the crushers more durable, an alloy with even more wear resistance is wanted. A new patent will ensure a Norwegian enterprise and jobs. One part of the project is to introduce a hard phase in the austenitic steel in order to increase the abrasive wear resistance of the alloy. Different additions were tried, but the most promising was vanadium. By introducing different heat treatments, a structure of austenite with finely dispersed vanadium carbides is gained. Fig. 1 shows Strømhard with a single phase, austenitic microstructure. The wear resistance is obtained by deformation of the surface which gives work hardening and increased hardness. Fig. 2 shows Strømhard with the addition of 2 % vanadium after a not optimized heat treatment. The grain boundary is covered with carbides giving a poor toughness. Fig. 3 shows the same alloy with a better heat treatment, giving finely dispersed carbides in the grain. Fredrik Haakonsen and Jan Ketil Solberg Photo: Torunn Stubmo Fig. 1 Strømhard with an austenitic microstructure after homogenisation.

7 Physical Metallurgy Strømhard with 2 % vanadium additi ons. The grain boundary is covered with carbides, after a not optimized heat treatment. Phtoto: Fredrik Haakonsen Fig. 2 Strømhard with 2 % vanadium additions. The grain contains finely dispersed carbides after an opti mized heat treatment. Phtoto: Fredrik Haakonsen Fig. 3

8 Physical Metallurgy Improved crucible- and coating quality will give better silicon solar cells Multicrystalline silicon ingots for solar cell production are normally cast in silica crucibles coated with silicon nitride. A crucible with silicon charge can be seen in Fig. 1. The silicon nitride coating prevents reaction between the silicon melt and the crucible and acts as a diffusion barrier to prevent impurities from the crucible to contaminate the melt. Both the crucible and the coating are sources of contamination of the silicon and improving the purity of crucible and coating has the potential of improving the minority carrier lifetime of the ingot material and the efficiency of the solar cells. This potential has been investigated in cooperation with Vesuvius, a crucible producer. Standard solar grade silicon has been cast in a pilot sale furnace with crucibles and coatings of different purity. A crucible made from high purity silica and a crucible produced from standard grade silica but with a layer of high purity silica located between the crucible and the silicon nitride coating has been tested. In addition, a new Ready-To-Use crucible (RTU) with a mechanically resistant silica layer on top of the silicon nitride, with improved loading and transfer condition has also been tested. The minority carrier lifetime and cell efficiency has been used to evaluate the quality of the resulting ingots and have been compared to that of ingots cast in reference crucibles. It has been found that the purity of the crucible and coating has a significant effect on the lifetime. A higher purity crucible and coating will double the lifetime of the ingots over ingots cast with reference grade crucible and coating as can be seen from Fig. 2. In the Ready-To Use crucible, where an oxide layer is facing the melt, the oxygen concentration of the ingot has been increased due to the dissolution of the oxide layer which has reduced the lifetime, but cells produced from this ingot still has an acceptable efficiency. Rannveig Kvande and Lars Arnberg Photo: Morten Karlsen Photo: Rannveig Kvande Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Silica crucible for solar cell ingot production during Carrier lifetime as a function of vertical position in silicon ingots cast charging with silicon feedstock prior to melting. in different crucibles. A high lifetime is necessary for good solar cell performance.

9 Physical Metallurgy The minister of research visited NTNU The Minister came on a become-acquainted-with visit on December 18th. This was her first visit to NTNU as a Minister. She coined a hvid in silver. How many researchers can I employ for this coin?, she wondered. At the Archbishops time you could buy a goat for 18 hvids. How many researchers you can have for a goat I don t know, replied Lohne. Otto Lohne Photos: Arne Asphjell/NTNU Info

10 Physical Metallurgy New Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) The department has recently invested in a new high Combined EBSD beam and stage scanning. The combined resolution FESEM (Fig. 1) that is designed to examine EBSD beam and stage scanning mode makes it possible the microstructures of a wide range of materials. to automatically characterize large regions of 150x150 The microscope is equipped with a variety of imaging, (mm)2 silicon wafers. At present it is possible to analyse analytical and diffraction detectors (In-lens SE, in-lens BSE, EDS and EBSD), and an in-situ stage which provide regions with the dimensions of about 100x70 mm (Fig. 2). Simultaneous in-situ thermo-mechanical investi detailed surface information of samples at the scale of gations and EBSD examinations. A separate in-situ nanometre level and up to decimetre level. deformation unit has been designed that can easily be mounted and operated within the microscope chamber. The EM-laboratory has integrated some of the latest This equipment design offers in-situ thermo-mechanical techno logical innovations and developments related to testing coupled with ESBD. The in-situ unit provides materials characterisation using EBSD in the FESEM, several deformation modes such as tensile testing, including: compression and bending. In addition, a special device for Ultra fast EBSD pattern acquisition. The new FESEM is heating the sample can be mounted to carry out separate equipped with an EBSD detector for ultra fast pattern heating experiments or combined thermo-mechanical acquisition. The gains of this technological innovation investigations. Fig. 3a and 3b present high resolution are increased EBSD scan speed (at present a factor of backscatter electron images of one particular LaCoO3 20) and increased flexibility and reliability during the ceramics at zero load and after 250 MPa compression subsequent data analysis. respectively, showing domain reorientation due to the externally applied mechanical field. Fig. 1: The new high resolution Zeiss ULTRA 55 FESEM in Fig. 2: EBSD orientation map of a silicon wafer obtained by operation. combined beam and stage scanning. a b Fig. 3: Domain structures in LaCoO3, (a) before and (b) after compression. 10 Photos: Morten Karlsen Jarle Hjelen and Morten Karlsen

11 Physical Metallurgy Characterisation of a nickel-base superalloy for use in offshore gas turbines Gas turbine blade materials are designed to endure a intended for use in industrial gas turbines. The blades severe high-temperature environment for long periods are cast single crystal components made from a nickel- of time. base superalloy, and are coated with a platinum-modified diffused aluminide coating for increased oxidation- and Nickel-base superalloys are extensively used for this hot-corrosion resistance. The purpose of the investigation purpose due to their excellent mechanical properties and is to produce a reference for future investigations of the oxidation resistance at high temperatures. Quantitative same type of turbine blade after service, i.e. to serve as knowledge about the microstructural changes that takes a documentation of the as new condition of this type of place in these alloys over time at high temperatures is a key turbine blade. StatoilHydro is a co-operation partner in factor in improving the service life of such components. the project. The aim of a current project at IMT is to characterise and evaluate unused 1st stage high-pressure turbine blades Mads Aursand and Jan Ketil Solberg Eutectic-like microstructure of an interdendritic region. Photos: Mads Aursand Bimodal distribution of coherent γ - Ni3Al particles. 11

12 Physical Metallurgy The 2nd Chinese Norwegian Symposium on Light Metals, Shangai Jiao Tong University, November 3-9, 2007 The NTNU strategic area Materials arranged the symposium in collaboration with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE). The aim of the symposium was to present recent developments in light metals research and associated industrial challenges. In total 28 lectures were given among the 38 participants. During an additional half-day workshop the delegates were exposed to common challenges in regard to light metals industrial developments in China. The participants also attended several social arrangements including official dinners, campus visits and sightseeing the famous central districts of Shanghai. The DMSE attendees were Geir M. Haarberg, Lifeng Zhang, Knut Marthinsen, Kemal Nisancioglu, Manping Liu, Trond E. Hagen and Hans J. Roven (Symposium Chairman). In addition, the symposium had delegates from the Norwegian Research Council (Astrid Brenna), The Norwegian Embassy in Beijing (Werner Christie), Hydro Aluminium AS (Oddvin Reiso, Trond Furu), Raufoss Technology AS (Jon Sandvik) and NTNU Rector s office (Nina Sindre). The symposium was the second in the row, and the third is being planned for 2009 in China. In conclusion, the symposium revealed that the light metals sector has several common interests in Norway and in China and new collaborations and partnerships are very likely to develop from the discussions and friendships developed during this occasion. Hans Jørgen Roven The participants of the 2nd CNS on light metals in front of the famous main gate to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, November Photo: Unknown Chinese student 12

13 Extractive metallurgy Where gas meets ore The main objective for this initiative is to assess the potential for the environmentally justifiable utilization and industrial processing of natural gas and deposits of ore/minerals in the Barents Region/Northern Region. It is considered that this can be realized through the establishment of gas-based industrial clusters producing materials (Direct reduced Iron-DRI and Carbon Black- CB) as well as electrical power, and where all the CO 2 produced is captured and deposited in oil/gas reservoirs with zero emissions to the environment. The associated establishment of business and commerce, and with that the establishment of thriving societies in the Northern Regions is one of the most important social effects of the establishment of such industrial clusters. activities/processes that are not individually large enough to develop independent solutions for landing natural gas, gas capture and storage of the produced CO 2, one would achieve a far more environmentally friendly, energy- and cost-efficient production than what would have been possible otherwise. The starting point for the project will be to compare technical, environmental-economic, business and economic factors between separate technologies/ processes versus those technologies/processes integrated in a cluster. This means the following analysis based on a selection of defined technologies/processes: 1) Technical Feasibility, 2) Environmental Accounting, 3) Business Analysis, and 4) Socio-economic Analysis. Gas-based production of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) in Europe is experiencing a renaissance since this method now appears to be a cheaper and more environmentally friendly method for production compared to coke-based production methods. Production of Carbon Black (a possible clean reducing agent for Solar Grade Silicon) gives hydrogen as a by-product, and this can be utilized as reducing agent in the DRI process. An important consideration is also the obvious possibilities for energyefficiency in the integration of gas-power plants with CB and DRI plants. The main idea behind the industrial cluster concept is that through an integrated establishment of various Photo: Jack Ødegård; Image NASA2006. Modern DRI plants and gas-power plants both represent heavy industrial processes with considerable integration between several unit-operations. Typical DRI plants and gas-power plants are comparable in size, and they will both have process units for synthesis-gas production, water-vapour shift reaction and CO 2 capture. An obvious integration possibility is to combine these units into one train. For each of these process units there are also alternative technological solutions with their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is possible that this idea for integration might represent synergy effects unknown to us today. The concept of DRI is understood as reduction of iron ore (oxide) without the occurrence of a liquid phase, and where the means of reduction is either coal or natural gas. The method for making iron has existed since the Iron Age, but had its renaissance in the 1960s with the introduction of, among other, the MIDREX process. Today s DRI production Photo: Leiv Kolbeinsen 13

14 Extractive Metallurgy is of a magnitude of 60 million tonnes a year (and rapidly growing), and the DRI plants are normally located where there is traditionally cheap natural gas. The MIDREX process is based on natural gas as the means of reduction in a packed bed (shaft furnace), something that requires the ore to be pelletized before it is added to the process. The reduction in the other type handles fine grain ore directly, typically in a fluidized bed with multiple reactors in series. In both cases the gas doing the reduction-work will be a synthesis-gas (SynGas/ SG), but with variations in the H 2 /CO-ratio from process to process. It is typical for the synthesis-gas production in DRI plants to use the top-gas from the reduction as an oxygen source in the reforming process. Oxygen removed from the ore is doing the reforming work. There are, however, examples of most commercially available synthesis-gas processes being used in DRI plants. Some of the modern DRI processes incorporate absorption of CO 2. Both amine-based as well as Pressure Swing (PSA or VPSA) processes are used in relation to DRI. It is a challenge to describe and test such possibilities of integration as depicted here. The main challenge, however, is to develop a method for comparing various cluster alternatives relative to a set of pre-defined criteria of good-ness. Leiv Kolbeinsen 14

15 Extractive Metallurgy Roma With an increasingly shortage of energy and high quality energy consumption, recovery of energy and reduction of raw materials in the world today, a major part of our CO2. The sub-projects are hence focusing on: research projects are focused on environmental issues. Cleaning and usage of secondary alumina. One of the new projects within this area is ROMA (Resource Usage of biocarbon materials in anodes. Optimization and recovery in the MAterial Industry). Usage of fines in submerged arc furnaces producing ferromanganese alloys. Cleaning of ilmenite fines. Recovery of energy from dirty flue gas. Energy recovery from low temperature flue gas. Another important part of the project is the Junior Program under Prof. Trygve Foosnæs. This program is focused on improving the recruitment to the material industry, and giving the candidates the knowledge required to work in this industry. The students participating in this program will have a close cooperation with industry within a mentor program, be able to get to know this industry through excursions as well as being informed as young scientists through course work and visits to inspirational institutions. ROMA is a KMB-project (Knowledge-building projects with user involvement) and hence mainly funded by the Norwegian Facts about ROMA - Resource Optimization and recovery Research Council. However, important contributions also in the MAterial Industry: come from a joint Norwegian industry consortium producing Joint NTNU/SINTEF project funded by NFR and Norwegian aluminium, ferroalloys and titaniumoxide slag. In addition to the funding, they are heavily involved in the planning and execution of the various research tasks. The industrial industry. Educate 7 PhD students (5 within the Department of Materials Science and Engineering). partners are Hydro, Elkem and Søral from the aluminium Duration is mid 2007 to side, Alstom as a supplier, Elkem, Eramet, Fesil, Finnfjord, Total budget is about 58 mill. NOK. Tinfos and RDMn, producing ferroalloys, and Tinfos TI Partly sponsored equipment is DTA-TGA and Laser-flash producing TiO2 and cast iron. thermal conductivity apparatus and a test rig for Energy Recovery. The common denominator for these industries are the Merete Tangstad Photos: Sindre Bunkholt usage of small sized materials, called fines, reduction of 15

16 Electrochemistry Oscillations in electrochemical systems use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can in a simple way be used to detect instabilities in an electrochemical system, like the oxidation of formic acid on platinum electrodes. Since the pioneering work by Onsager it has been well known that oscillations in chemical systems can not occur in linear or linearized systems close to its equilibrium. However, when chemical reacting systems are maintained far from thermodynamical equilibrium their selforganization is often manifested through the occurrence of spontaneous reaction-rate oscillations. Electrochemistry has been exceptionally rewarding with interesting dynamic objects ranging from reduction reactions at mercury and electrodissolution of metals to electrocatalytic reactions (e.g. fuel cell reactions) and semiconductor (photo-) electrochemical processes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be used to study the stability of an electrochemical system by evaluating the local time evolution by solving the linearized system equations about the stationary reference state. By visual inspection of the experimental impedance spectra it is possible to deduce incipient oscillations without fitting or modeling of the data. Instability occurs if the experimental impedance tends to zero at zero frequency, or if it goes through zero at a finite frequency. The latter is called a Hopf bifurcation and the system will oscillate at the frequency at which the impedance crosses through zero (singing frequency). Formic acid oxidation is known to exhibit exotic dynamic behaviour and we employed the impedance method to look for potential regions where oscillations may occur. Basically, we expect that oscillations can be initiated if we have an impedance spectrum that crosses the negative part of the real axis (from second quadrant to third quadrant). Adding an external resistor to the working electrode circuit simply translates the Nyquist plot (Fig. 1) along the real axis to more positive values. Zero resistance will be obtained if an external resistor is added that moves the crossing point to origin and the system will oscillate at that specific frequency. According to our work (e.g. Fig. 1) an external resistor of about Ω cm 2 should be sufficient to initiate oscillations at around V. Fig. 2 shows the oscillations in the formic acid oxidation process at a platinum electrode when a 500 Ω cm 2 external resistor is added to the working electrode circuit. Frode Seland and Reidar Tunold Fig. 1 Photo:Frode Seland Photo:Frode Seland Fig. 2 Nyquist plot of the impedance data at V. 6Hz indicates the oscillation frequency and the corresponding sulphuric acid containing formic acid when a 500 Ω cm 2 external Oscillations observed during cyclic voltammetry of platinum in resistor value that needs to be added in series to the resistor is added to the working electrode circuit. The frequency working electrode circuit in order to initiate oscillation. changes due to the slow potential ramp applied affecting the appearance of the impedance spectra (hence, alteration of the electrode kinetics). 16

17 Inorganic chemistry International Aluminium Process Courses The course Fundamentals of Aluminium Production 2007 was arranged May 21 to June 1, 2007 with 50 participants from 14 countries and The 26th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium June 4 to June 8, 2007 with 101 participants from 27 countries. The pictures show some of the foreign lecturers receiving thanks at The 26 th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, May 26-30, Harald A. Øye David Harrington building ancillary hardware. M. Reverdy, Dubai. A. Tabereaux, USA. J.-M. Peyneau, France. V. Potochnik, Canada. Photos: Johan Idestrøm 17

18 Inorganic chemistry Determination of degree of carbonization in cokes by image analysis A majority of the industrial processes for metal production is based on reducing the metal oxide to pure metal using carbon under high temperatures and/or electrolysis. Coke is the most common raw material for such carbon-based processes. These processes require a lot of energy and cause CO 2 emission into the atmosphere. The efficiency of the processes is often highly dependent on the properties of the carbon. Examples of such properties are element impurity content and the atomic structure of the carbon. Traditional methods to characterize a material s atomic structure such as scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) are often not sufficient to characterize carbon materials. This is because many of the important properties are on a millimetre- or micrometerscale rather than in the nano-scale realm these advanced instruments operate in. Traditional optical microscopy is therefore very useful for examining properties of the carbon materials. Examples of such properties are porosity and degree of crystallization. the relationship between carbon consumption and the carbon properties must be studied. A method to determine the degree of carbonization of coke using automatized optical microscopy and image analysis has therefore been developed. The degree of carbonization in a coke grain is determined by examining the interference colours in reflected cross polarized light. Optically anisotropic areas have different colours than the isotropic areas. The degree of carbonization is given as the fraction of optical anisotropic area to the total coke area, excluding porosity. The microscope is equipped with automatic stage movement and auto-focus. This enables a non-biased fully automatic analysis: Several hundred images at random positions are automatically acquired and analyzed, and statistical values can be calculated. The results show a large variation, and these data is compared to the reactivity data for the different cokes. The cokes characterized in this work are used for manganese and silicon production. In order to be able to reduce the CO 2 -emissions and energy consumption of carbon-based metal production, Stein Rørvik and Trygve Foosnæs A composite image of a collection of different coke grains. Photo: Stein Rørvik Photo: Stein Rørvik The result of the image analysis of the same coke grains: A The areas with purple colour are non-crystalline. The darker white colour indicates non-crystalline carbon, while a red areas are pores or at the outside of the grains colour indicates crystallized carbon. Green is pores or areas outside the grains. 18

19 Inorganic chemistry CerPoTech AS, an enterprise aiming at providing high quality ceramic powders in a demanding market. The possible applications of ceramic materials are numerous ranging from high temperature fuel cells (SOFC) and catalytic active materials, via dielectrics (ferro- and piezo-electric) to oxygen separation membranes and high temperature superconductors, to mention a few. These material systems have all in common that they are oxide based with rather complex compositions and materials processing is usually based on the availability of homogeneous, nano sized powders. of powder per day and since establishment it has been produced a variety of different compositions and the method has demonstrated its versatility producing high purity, homogeneous powders with particle size less than 100 nm. The powders have shown excellent sintering properties resulting in well defined micro structures even in the sub micron range. The pilot plant has been financed by the Norwegian Research Council (NFR) and is one of only a few production facilities in Europe. A particular powerful method to obtain ceramic powders with nano-homogeneity and nano-size combined with a high production rate is spray pyrolysis. The precursors are typically based on water soluble metal salts (e.g. nitrates) mixed in correct proportions and atomized using pressurized air and subsequently fed into a hot rotating chamber where drying and reaction takes place. A spin off company, CerPoTech AS (Ceramic powder technology), was established in October 2007 aiming at producing powders by spray pyrolysis and selling high quality ceramic powder in a growing market. The enterprise was initiated by three professors at the department, strongly assisted and supported by the Technology Transfer Office (TTO) at NTNU. A complete pilot plant for powder production based on spray pyrolysis was established at our department in The production capacity is between 5 and 10 kilos (For more information cf.: Kjell Wiik CerPoTech AS and entrepreneurs in the ceramic powder trade. From left to right: Professor Kjell Wiik, professor Tor Grande, senior engineer Rune T. Barland and professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud. Photo: Julian Tolchard 19

20 Inorganic chemistry Investigation of solid solubility in Ce1-xLaxNbO4; a proposed material for SOFC and gas permeable membranes In recent years large resources have been invested sufficient for commercial purposes. However, there is a great in research for development of more efficient power possibility that a mixture of the two may possess enhanced generation systems. One of the technologies that have conductive properties. received much interest is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which has a wide variety of applications. These systems LaNbO4 and CeNbO4 are isostructural and when mixed, are are of particular interest to the oil and gas industry where therefore very likely to form solid solutions for a wide range they can be combined with gas turbines for electricity of compositions. X-ray diffraction analysis has confirmed production based on natural gas. Several of the component that Ce1 xlaxnbo4 form a solid solution containing only one materials for SOFC can be used for separation of gases, phase for all values of x. In the X-ray diffractogram (Fig. 1) which is also a technology of great interest. it can bee seen that the peaks shift to lower 2θ values with increasing La-content, which indicates that the unit cell parameters change with composition due to La(III) being Existing SOFC systems and gas permeable membranes, larger than Ce(III). however, have some performance limitations due to insufficient electronic and ionic conductivity and low CO2 tolerance of the material constituents. It is therefore of Work has started on synthesis and characterization of thin great importance to develop new materials with improved film membranes, and ceramic processing techniques have properties. In previous years large efforts have been invested been developed where dense µm thick membranes in improving oxygen conducting materials. However, it has are produced by spray coating a porous support, using a recently been found that hydrogen conductors may have a mixture of ceramic powder and ethanol. The porous support, brighter future due to more efficient fuel utilization, which which is made of the same material as the membrane, is has caused current and future research to focus mainly on permeable to H2 and O2 and serves to improve mechanical hydrogen conducting materials. strength of the membrane. Fig. 2 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the cross section of one membrane, Two materials that have been investigated by the inorganic where the boundary between the porous support and the materials and ceramics research group, are LaNbO4 (patent ~15µm thick membrane is clearly seen. Work is ongoing application pending) and CeNbO4. LaNbO4 is known to be a to decrease the thickness of the film in order to achieve relatively good proton conductor, while CeNbO4 is found to improved permeability rates. possess considerable mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. Fride Vullum 20 Photo: Magnus Rotan Photo: Magnus Rotan Their conductive properties as pure materials are still not Fig. 1: Fig. 2: X-ray diffractograms of Ce1-xLaxNbO4 focusing on one peak to SEM image of a dense15 µm thick membrane on a porous show the shift in 2θ, with the inset showing the entire 2θ range. support.

21 Inorganic chemistry BaZrO 3 and SrCeO 3 Choosing the right partner materials Reactions between state of the art ionically conducting ceramic materials have been assessed with the goal of predicting systems which will demonstrate long term stability in high temperature application. Ceramic materials which can conduct protons or oxide ions are of enormous interest for applications such as fuel cells and water electrolysers, which will form the core of the forthcoming hydrogen economy. These devices are now reaching maturity, and are making the move from laboratory to commercial application. As they do so however, there is a need to assess the long term stability and reliability of the assemblies as a whole, as reactions occurring at solid-solid interfaces, and physical incompatibility of materials upon thermal cycling, can lead to catastrophic device failure. As part of the Functional Oxides for Energy Technology (FOET) project, the Inorganic Materials and Ceramics Research Group is conducting a systematic investigation into the partnering of solid oxide component materials, focussing on matching proton conducting electrolytes from the AZrO 3 and ACeO 3 families (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba) with appropriate solid oxide component materials. State of the art in this respect are doped derivatives of the perovskite and perovskite- related LaMO 3 and La 2 MO 4 type oxides (where M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Via careful choice of dopant the ionic and electronic conductivity in these systems can be tailored toward specific function within an electrochemical device, with flexibility in the choice of transition metal providing options with respect to catalytic activity. Our investigation of these systems has applied BaZrO 3 and SrCeO 3 as representative materials, and by assessing the reactivity of these with the component candidates considerable information has been gleaned with respect to prediction of compatible materials for the wider AZrO 3 / ACeO 3 families. We can predict generally good chemical compatibility of both LaMO 3 and La2MO 4 type systems with the zirconate family, but for the cerates only heavily doped La 2-x A x MO 4 systems are compatible. Additionally, insight has been obtained into the underlying dynamics of the reactions which occur. The cerate systems in particular show surprisingly fast reaction dynamics, enabled by fast transport of Sr though the CeO 2 secondary phase (Fig. 1). Julian Tolchard Fig. 1 Photo: Julian Tolchard Photo: Julian Tolchard Diffusion couple of SrCeO 3 and LaMnO 3 after extended firing at EDS Element maps taken from the shaded area shown in Fig C. Fig. 2 21

22 Inorganic chemistry Proton conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) with the novel LaNbO 4 as the electrolyte LaNbO 4 based oxides are of great interest as new materials for proton conducting SOFCs due to great advantages compared to today s most commonly used materials. Cooperation between NTNU, UiO and the respective TTO s has resulted in a newly established company which will focus on improvements of such fuel cells to make them commercially interesting. Recent years, SOFCs have been of interest due to the need for more efficient electricity production and exploitation of natural gas resources that can be used to produce electricity. State-of-the-art SOFCs are mostly based on oxygen conducting electrolytes, however, more and more attention is drawn to the proton conducting oxides like cerates (e.g. SrCeO 3 ) and zirconates (e.g. BaZrO 3 ). Even though these materials have quite high proton conductivity, they are not stable in CO 2 and H 2 O containing atmospheres. Therefore, we have started focusing on a new class of materials, namely the niobates (e.g. LaNbO 4 ). They have in general lower proton conductivity, but are much more stable and hence interesting materials. In our proton conducting fuel cells, we are using Srdoped LaNbO 4 as the electrolyte. The anode is a ~1 mm thick cermet of La(Sr)NbO 4 and Ni (added as NiO) made by tape casting, and is the loadbearing device. A porosity of 40% is ensured by adding carbon black as pore filler. The electrolyte with a thickness of µm is deposited on the anode by spray coating. Then the cathode, a µm thick layer of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3, is deposited on the electrolyte by the same method. Here too, a porosity of 40% is ensured by adding carbon black. Finally, the entire fuel cell is cosintered in air. The cermet will be reduced in-situ during operation. In Figure 1, the cross-section of such a fuel cell is shown. In Figure 2, a complete button cell is shown. To ensure a good result, it is important to control all parameters during preparation, like particle size, particle size distribution, phase purity, viscosity of slips prior to tape casting, and pore size and pore size distribution in the porous layers. Other important challenges are good interlayer attachment (due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients and different shrinkage during sintering), good mechanical properties of the loadbearing anode and high conductivity of the reduced anode material. All these factors are investigated here. Cells are tested with H 2 as the fuel on the anode side and air on the cathode side. Water is formed on the cathode side due to reaction of O 2 from air and protons diffusing through the electrolyte. To achieve sufficient output, the main task is to reduce the electrolyte thickness down to approximately 2 3 µm. The challenge is to be able to deposit such a thin layer on the anode support that simultaneously is completely dense and free of leakages. Therefore, the anode must be homogenous and with pores down to ~ 100 nm close to the electrolyte. Hence, the pore size distribution must be graded to ensure sufficient gas permeability of the anode, while have small enough pores close to the electrolyte to give the proper surface for depositing a thin layer of the electrolyte material. Attention to the pore filler and the sintering procedure is therefore of great importance to reach the requirements. Protia AS is established fully owned by UiO and NTNU, and on track to receive VC funding in The company has licensed technology developed at NTNU and UiO and will continue to support further R&D to commercialise the proton conducting fuel cell (PCFC) technology, a.o. the fuel cells based on the LaNbO 4 -electrolyte. The PCFC Project package as of January 2008 consists of 5 complimentary projects with a total financial frame of approximately 40 MNOK: nanopcfc STACKPRO VERICELL N-INNER NANIONET Partners in the projects are NTNU, UiO, SINTEF, Jülich, Chalmers and Risø. Hilde Lea Lein and Inge Hovd Gangås 22

23 Photo: Hilde Lea Lein Inorganic chemistry Fig. 1 Cross-section of a fuel cell. Upper layer is the porous cathode, the middle layer is the dense electrolyte and the bottom layer is the porous anode. Cathode Photo: Hilde Lea Lein Electrolyte with anode underneath Fig. 2 A complete button cell. 23

24 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY Fenstad, J.; Tuset, J.K.: Detailed phase diagram mapping: T-X data for solidi and liquidi of the alloy system manganese-carbon. International Journal of Materials Research 98 (2007) Görner, H.; Engh, T.A.; Syvertsen, M.; Zhang, L.: Removal of Na and Ca from aluminium scrap through filtration. Materials Science Forum (2007) Kaczorowski, J.; Lindstad, T.; Syvertsen, M.: The influence of potassium on the boudouard reaction in manganese production. ISIJ International 47 (2007) Lee, Y.E.; Kolbeinsen, L.: An analysis of hot spot phenomenon in BOF process. ISIJ International 47 (2007) Longbottom, R.; Ostrovski, O.; Zhang, J.; Young, D.: Stability of cementite formed from hematite and titanomagnetite ore. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 38 (2007) Olsen, S.E.; Tangstad, M.; Lindstad, T.: Production of manganese ferroalloys. Tapir Akademisk Forlag (2007). 247 pages. Rosenqvist, T.; Eriksen, J.M.; Crespo, E.: Equilibrium between liquid Fe-Ti-O slags and metallic iron. Steel Research International 78 (2007) Zhang, L.; Dupont, T.: State of the art in the refining and recycling of magnesium. Materials Science Forum (2007) Zhang, L.; Yang, S.; Cai, K.; Li, J.; Wan, X.; Thomas, B.G.: Investigation of fluid flow and steel cleanliness in the continuous casting strand. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 38 (2007) PHYSICAL METALLURGY Bentzen, A.; Holt, A.; Kopecek, R.; Stokkan, G.; Christensen, J. Arnberg, L.; Mathiesen, R.H.: The real-time, high-resolution x-ray, video microscopy of solidification in aluminum alloys. JOM: The Member Journal of TMS 59 (2007) Fjeldberg, E.; Marthinsen, K.: Computer simulations of kinetics and texture of recrystallization by a 3-D Potts Monte Carlo model. Materials Science Forum (2007) Forbord, B.; Mathiesen, R.H.; Roven, H.J.: X-ray diffraction studies of grain growth in an ultra-fine grained 6060 aluminium alloy. Materials Science Forum (2007) Hallem, H.; Forbord, B.; Marthinsen, K.: Development of aluminium alloys with ultimate recrsyatllization resistance. Materials Science Forum (2007) Holmedal, B.: On the formulation of the mechanical threshold stress model. Acta Materialia 55 (2007) Hunderi, O.; Marthinsen, K.; Ryum, N.: On the validation of the Monte Carlo technique in simulation of grain growth in small, two-dimensional systems. Materials Science Forum (2007) Jia, Z.; Hu, G.; Forbord, B.; Solberg, J.K.: Effect of homogenization and alloying elements on recrystallization resistance of Al-Zr-Mn alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A - Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 444 (2007) Leo, P.; Cerri, E.; De Marco, P.P.; Roven, H.J.: Properties and deformation behaviour of severe plastic deformed aluminium alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182 (2007) Liu, M.; Roven, H.J.: High density hexagonal and rhombic shaped nanostructures in a fcc aluminium alloy induced by severe plastic deformation at room temperature. Applied Physics Letters 90 (2007) Liu, M.; Roven, H.J.; Yu, Y.: Deformation twins in ultrafine grained commercial aluminium. International Journal of Materials Research 98 (2007) Lou, D.; Solberg, J.K.; Akselsen, O.M.; Dahl, N.: Abrasive wear and aluminium sticking resistance of steel matrix composites. Key Engineering Materials (2007) Miroux, A.; Lok, Z.J.; van der Zwaag, S.; Marthinsen, K.: Solute and second phase evolution during industrial processing of AA3101. Materials Science Forum (2007) Pettersen, T.; Li, Y.; Furu, T.; Marthinsen, K.: Effect of changing homogenization treatment on the particle structure in Mn-containing aluminium alloys. Materials Science Forum (2007)

25 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS Ruvalcaba, D.; Mathiesen, R.H.; Eskin, D.; Arnberg, L.; Katgerman, L.: In-situ observations of solute enrichment during fragmentation in a Al 20wt % Cu alloy. Acta Materialia 55 (2007) Solberg, J.K.; Leinum, J.R.; Embury, J.D.; Dey, S.; Børvik, T.; Hopperstad, O.S.: Localised shear banding in Weldox steel plates impacted by projectiles. Mechanics of Materials 39 (2007) Solberg, J.; Løken, S.; Mæhlen, J.P.; Denys, R.V.; Lototsky, M.V.; Tarasov, B.P.; Yartys, V.: Nanostructured Mg-Mm-Ni hydrogen storage alloy: structure-properties relationship. Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2007) Solberg, J.K.; Wu, Y.; Yartys, V.: The effect of solidification rate on microstructural evolution of a melt-spun Mg-20Ni-8Mm hydrogen storage alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2007) Stokkan, G.; Riepe, S.; Lohne, O.; Warta, W.: Spatially resolved modeling of the combined effect of dislocations and grain boundaries on minority carrier lifetime in multicrystalline silicon. Journal of Applied Physics 101 (2007) Valiev, R.Z.; Zehetbauer, M.J.; Estrin, Y.; Hoeppel, H.W.; Ivanisenko, Y.; Hahn, H.; Wilde, G.; Roven, H.J.; Sauvage, X.; Langdon, T.G.: The innovation potential of bulk nanostructured materials. Advanced Engineering Materials 9 (2007) ELECTROCHEMISTRY Hajasova, J.; Haarberg, G.M.; Martinez, A.M.: Electrochemical behavior of sulphur species in molten chlorides. ECS Transactions 3 (2007) Halseid, R.; Wainright, J.S.; Savinell, R.F.; Tunold, R.: Oxidation of ammonium on platinum in acidic solutions. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 154 (2007) B 263-B270. Haarberg, G.M.; Kvalheim, E.; Rolseth, S.; Murakami, T.; Pietrzyk, S.; Wang, S.: Electrodeposition of iron from molten mixed chloride/ fluoride electrolytes. ECS Transactions 3 (2007) Kodym, R.; Bouzek, K.; Snita, D.; Thonstad, J.: Potential and current density distributions along a bipolar electrode. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 37 (2007) Kongstein, O.E.; Berning, T.; Børresen, B.; Seland, F.; Tunold, R.: Polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes. Energy 32 (2007) Kongstein, O.E.; Haarberg, G.M.; Thonstad, J.: Current efficiency and kinetics of cobalt electrodeposition in acid chloride solutions. Part I: The influence of current density, ph and temperature. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 37 (2007) Kongstein, O.E.; Haarberg, G.M.; Thonstad, J.: Current efficiency and kinetics of cobalt electrodeposition in acid chloride solutions. Part II: The influence of chloride and sulphate concentrations. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 37 (2007) Kongstein, O.E.; Wollan, C.S.; Sultana, S.; Haarberg, G.M.: Electrorefining of silicon in molten calcium chloride. ECS Transactions 3 (2007) Krstajic, N.V.; Vracar, L.M.; Radmilovic, V.R.; Neophytides, S.G.; Labou, M.; Jaksic, J.M.; Tunold, R.; Falaras, P.; Jaksic, M.M.: Advances in interactive supported electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrode reactions. Surface Science 601 (2007) Kvande, I.; Briskeby, S.T.; Tsypkin, M.; Rønning, M.; Sunde, S.; Tunold, R.; Chen, D.: On the preparation methods for carbon nanofiber-supported Pt catalysts. Topics in Catalysis 45 (2007) Lorentsen, O.-A.; Jentoftsen, T. E.; Dewing, E. W.; Thonstad, J.: The solubility of some transition metal oxides in cryolitealumina melts. Part III: Solubility of CuO and Cu 2 O. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 38 (2007) Marshall, A.; Børresen, B.; Hagen, G.K; Tsypkin, M.; Tunold, R.: Hydrogen production by advanced proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysers - reduced energy consumption by improved electrocatalysis. Energy 32 (2007) Marshall, A.; Sunde, S.; Tsypkin, M.; Tunold, R.: Performance of a PEM water electrolysis cell using Ir x Ru y Ta z O 2 electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution electrode. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 (2007) Nisancioglu, K.: Corrosion and protection of aluminium alloys in seawater. Corrosion Behaviour and Protection of Copper and Aluminium Alloys in Seawater (2007) Okstad, T.; Rannestad, Ø.; Johnsen, R.; Nisancioglu, K.: Significance of hydrogen evolution during cathodic protection of carbon steel in seawater. Corrosion 63 (2007) Thonstad, J.; Galasiu, I.; Galasiu, R.: Inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis. Aluminium-Verlag Marketing & Kommunikation GmbH (2007). 207 pages. Walmsley, J.C.; Sævik, Ø.; Graver, B.K.F.; Mathiesen, R.; Yu, Y.; Nisancioglu, K.: Nature of segregated lead on electrochemically active AlPb alloy. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 154 (2007) C28-C35. Weydahl, H.; Möller-Holst, S.; Hagen, G.K.; Børresen, B.: Transient response of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 171 (2007)

26 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dahl, P.I.; Haugsrud, R.; Lein, H.L.; Grande, T.; Norby, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Synthesis, densification and electrical properties of strontium cerate ceramics. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27 (2007) Dahl, P. I.; Kaus, I.; Zhao, Z.; Johnsson, M.; Nygren, M.; Wiik, K.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Densification and properties of zirconia prepared by three different sintering techniques. Ceramics International 33 (2007) Eide, O.-K.; Ystenes, M.; Støvneng, J.A.; Eilertsen, J.L.: Investigation of ion pair formation in the triphenylmethyl chloride-trimethyl aluminium system, as a model for the activation of olefin polymerization catalyst. Vibrational Spectroscopy 43 (2007) Fontaine, M.L.; Larring, Y.; Norby, T.; Grande, T.; Bredesen, R.: Dense ceramic membranes based on ionic conducting oxides. Annales de Chimie - Science des Materiaux 32 (2007) Jensen, M.S.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Preferential grain orientation in hot pressed TiB 2. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90 (2007) Kaus, I.; Wiik, K.; Dahle, M.; Brustad, M.; Aasland, S.: Stability of SrFeO 3 based materials in the presence of SiO x species in humid atmosphere at high temperatures and pressures. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27 (2007) Kaus, I.; Wiik, K.; Kleveland, K.; Krogh, B.; Aasland, S.: Oxygen transport properties in La 1-x Sr x Fe 1-y M y O 3-δ (M=Cr, Ti), 0.2 x. Solid State Ionics 178 (2007) Kaus, I.; Wiik, K.; Krogh, B.; Dahle, M.; Hofstad, K.H.; Aasland, S.: Stability of SrFeO 3 -based materials in H 2 O/CO 2 -containing atmospheres at high temperatures and pressures. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90 (2007) Kendrick, E.; Sansom, J.E.H.; Tolchard, J.R.; Islam, M.S.; Slater, P.R.: Neutron diffraction and atomistic simulation studies of Mg doped apatite-type oxide ion conductors. Faraday Discussions 134 (2007) Lynch, D.H.; Øye, H.A.: Silicon refining process. Patent number US (2007). Mokkelbost, T.; Andersen, Ø.S.; Strøm, R.A.; Wiik, K.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: High-temperature proton-conducting LaNbO 4 -based materials: powder synthesis by spray pyrolysis. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90 (2007) Motzfeldt, K.: Comment on Thermodynamics of the Al-C-O ternary system. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 154 (2007) S1-S2. Olhero, S.; Jensen, M.S.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.; Ferreira, J.: Thermodynamic studies on the AlN sintering powders treated with phosphate species. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90 (2007) Palcut, M.; Wiik, K.; Grande, T.: Cation self-diffusion and nonstoichiometry of lanthanum manganite studied by diffusion couple measurements. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111 (2007) Palcut, M.; Wiik, K.; Grande, T.: Cation self-diffusion in LaCoO 3 and La 2 CoO 4 studied by diffusion couple experiments. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111 (2007) Sandengen, K.; Kaasa, B.; Østvold, T.: PH measurements in monoethylene glycol (MEG) plus water solutions. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 46 (2007) Selbach, S.M.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Tybell, T.; Grande, T.: Synthesis of BiFeO 3 by wet chemical methods. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90 (2007) Selbach, S.M.; Tybell, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Size dependent properties of nanocrystalline BiFeO 3 particles. Chemistry of Materials 19 (2007) Selbach, S.M.; Wang, G.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Decomposition and crystallization of a sol-gel-derived PbTiO 3 precursor. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90 (2007) Strøm, R.A.; Masmoudi, Y.; Rigacci, A.; Petermann, G.; Gullberg, L.; Chevalier, B.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Strengthening and aging of wet silica gels for up-scaling of aerogel preparation. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 41 (2007) Søndenå, R.; Stølen, S.; Ravindran, P.; Grande, T.: Heat capacity and lattice dynamics of cubic and hexagonal SrMnO 3 : calorimetry and density functional theory simulations. Physical Review B (2007) Søndenå, R.; Stølen, S.; Ravindran, P.; Grande, T.; Allan, N.L.: Corner- versus face-sharing octahedra in AMnO 3 perovskites (A=Ca, Sr, and Ba). Physical Review B 75 (2007) Tolchard, J.R.; Grande, T.: Chemical compatibility of candidate oxide cathodes for BaZrO 3 electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 178 (2007)

27 PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS Tolchard, J.R.; Grande, T.: Physicochemical compatibility of SrCeO 3 with potential SOFC cathodes. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 180 (2007) Tolchard, J.R.; Slater, P.R.; Islam, M.S.: Insight into doping effects in apatite silicate ionic conductors. Advanced Functional Materials 17 (2007) Vullum, P.E.; Holmestad, R.; Lein, H.L.; Mastin, J.R.M.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Monoclinic ferroelastic domains in LaCoO 3 -based perovskites. Advanced Materials 19 (2007) Vullum, P.E.; Van Helvoort, A.; Holmestad, R.; Mastin, J.R.M.; Andersen, Ø.S.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Grain boundary analysis and secondary phases in LaCoO 3 - based perovskites. Journal of Materials Science 42 (2007) Wang, G.; Sæterli, R.; Rørvik, P.M.; Van Helvoort, A.; Holmestad, R.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Hierarchical nanostructures of PbTiO 3 through mesocrystal formation. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7 (2007) Wang, G; Sæterli, R.; Rørvik, P.M.; Van Helvoort, A.; Holmestad, R.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Self-assembled growth of PbTiO 3 nanoparticles into microspheres and bur-like structures. Chemistry of Materials 19 (2007) Wærnhus, I.; Sakai, N.; Yokokawa, H.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Wiik, K.: Cation diffusion in La 1-x Sr x FeO 3-δ, x=0 and 0.1 measured by SIMS. Solid State Ionics 178 (2007)

28 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OTHER REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS Ambrova, M.; Pavel, F.; Jurisova, J.; Thonstad, J.: Electrode processes of sulphur species in molten salts. Light Metals 4 (2007) Balland, P.; Dumoulin, S.; Mikalsen, C.; Arrieux, R.; Sergent, A.; Barathay, S.; Roven, H.J.: Determination des courbes limites de formage sur des materiaux nanostructures. Proceedings of the 18th Congress Francais de Mecanique (2007) 6 pages. Ciftja, A.; Zhang, L.; Engh, T.A.: Removal of SiC and Si 3 N 4 particles from silicon scrap by foam filters. TMS th Annual Meeting & Exhibition (CD) (2007) Di Sabatino, M.; Dons, A.L.; Hinrichs, J.; Lohne, O.; Arnberg, L.: Detection of trace elements in solar grade silicon by mass spectrometry. The Proceedings of the 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (2007) Di Sabatino, M.; Øvrelid, E.; Olsen, E.; Engh, T.A.: Distribution of oxygen in mc-silicon ingots for solar cell applications. TMS2007 Proceedings of the 138th Annual Meeting & Exhibition (2007) 1-6. Dumoulin, S.; Walmsley, J.C.; Roven, H.J.: Experience gained from experimental testing of equal channel angular pressing of pure titanium. SINTEF Report A pages. Dumoulin, S.; Walmsley, J.C.; Roven, H.J.: Short review on equal channel angular pressing of commercially pure titanium. SINTEF Report A pages. Eidem, P.A.; Tangstad, M.; Bakken, J.A.: Measurement of material resistivity and contact resistance of metallurgical coke. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 2 (2007) Elstad, H.; Eriksen, J.M.; Hildal, A.; Rosenqvist, T.; Seim, S.: Equilibrium between titania slags and metallic iron. HMC2007: Heavy Minerals (2007) Espelund, A.W.: Ancient ironmaking in Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland. Archaeologia Islandica 6 (2007) Espelund, A.W.: Direct ironmaking with partial reduction and slag formation as a first step. An explanation for successful production? Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Archaeometallurgy in Europe (CD) (2007). 14 pages. Espelund, A.W.: Heglesvollovnen etter 25 år. SPOR 22 (2007) Espelund, A.W.: Løst og fast om et gammelt metall. Årbok for Nord-Østerdalen (2007) Espelund, A.W.: Norge og Sverige - to naboland med ulik jernverkshistorie. Fortuna 3 (2007) Espelund, A.W.: Norway and Sweden - two contrasting countries in the field of indirect ironmaking. Arktisk gruvedrift; Teknik, vetenskap och historia i norr (2007) Espelund, A.W.: Røros som kulturminne. Adresseavisen (2007) Gaal, S.; Lou, D.; Wasbø, S.; Ravary, B.; Tangstad, M.: Melting phenomena in ferromanganese production. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Hjelen, J.: Microstructure characterisation of aluminium and steel during in situ thermo-mechanical treatment. Scandem Proceedings of 58th Annual Meeting of the Nordic Microscopy Society (2007) Hustad, J.E.; Finden, P.; Tande, J.O.G.; Andresen, I.; Ryghaug, M.; Lohne, O.; Holt, A.; Svensson, A.M.; Ulleberg, Ø.; Sørensen, Å.L.: Et nytt norsk industrieventyr. Aftenposten (2007) Hustad, J.E.; Svensson, A.M.; Ulleberg, Ø.; Reenaas, T.W.; Lohne, O.; Ryghaug, M.; Andresen, I.; Tande, J.O.G.; Sørum, L.; Holt, A.: FoU-strategi for fornybar energi. Senter for fornybar energi (2007) 34 pages. Ibrahiem, M.O.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H.A.: Chemical stability of pitch-based TiB 2 C coatings on carbon cathodes. Light Metals 4 (2007) Ishak, R.J.; Tangstad, M.: Degree of prereduction without coke consumption in industrial furnaces. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Kaczorowski, J.; Lindstad, T.: The effect of potassium impregnation on the boudouard reactivity of selected single-source and commercial cokes. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 2 (2007) Publications in refereed journals and books

29 Conference proceedings, other reports and publications Karlsen, M.: SEM/EBSD investigations of large sized silicon wafers. Scandem Proceedings of 58 th Annual Meeting of the Nordic Microscopy Society (2007) Karlsen, M.; Hjelen, J.; Grong, Ø.; Rørvik, G.; Opdahl, C.; Chiron, R.; Schubert, U.: Deformation-induced phase transformation in supermartensitic stainless steels. Stainless Steel World Conference Proceedings (CD) (2007) 12 pages. Karlsen, M.; Hjelen, J.; Schubert, U.: SEM/EBSD investigations of large sized silicon wafers. Scandem Proceedings of 58th Annual Meeting of the Nordic Microscopy Society (2007) Kvande, R.; Arnberg, L.; Coletti, G.; Martin, C.; Ndzogha, C.; Rancoule, G.: Investigation of new ready-to-use SOLAR CRUCIBLE for crystallisation of multicrystalline silicon ingots. The Proceedings of the 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (2007) Larsen, S.Y.; Akhtar, S.; Ausland, G.; Yu, Z.; Øye, H.A.; Foosnæs, T.: Carbon nanofiber additions to electrodes for the aluminium electrolysis. Light Metals 4 (2007) Larsen, T.; Vassenden, F.; Wat, R.; Randhol, P.; Jøsang, L.O.; Østvold, T.: A novel method to measure the kinetics of CaCO 3 scale formation during core flooding and its impact on the permeability-porosity relationship. 18th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium (2007) 15 pages. Lindstad, T.; Gaal, S.; Hansen, S.; Prytz, S.: Improved SINTEF SiO-reactivity test. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Lindstad, T; Olsen, S.E.; Tranell, G.; Færden, T.; Lubetsky, J.: Greenhouse gas emissions from ferroalloy production. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 2 (2007) Lioliou, M.; Larsen, T.; Paraskeva, C.; Randhol, P.; Østvold, T.: CaCO 3 scale formation: visual observations in 2D model pore networks and precipitation kinetics during core flooding. 18th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium (2007) 10 pages. Liu, S.; Niu, S.; Liang, M.; Li, C.; Zuo, X.; Zhang, L.; Wang, X.: Investigation on nozzle clogging during steel billet continuous casting process. Proceedings of AISTech The Iron & Steel Technology Conference and Exposition (2007) Liu, S.; Zhang, L.: Steel cleanliness control during continuous casting process. METEC InSteelCon2007: 3rd International Conference on New Developments in Metallurgical Process Technologies (2007) Liu, S.; Zuo, X.; Zhang, L.; Niu, S.; Liang, M.; Li, C.; Wang, X.: Inclusions, lining materials and nozzle clogging during middle carbon steel billet continuous casting process. Clean Steel (2007) Mollan, S.; Hesjevik, S.M.; Karlsen, M.: Effcet of weld cycles and short term heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and HISC susceptibility of a supermartensitic stainless steel. Stainless Steel World Conference Proceedings (CD) (2007) 26 pages. Monsen, B.; Tangstad, M.; Solheim, I.; Syvertsen, M.; Ishak, R.J.; Midtgaard, H.: Charcoal for manganese alloy production. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Myrvågnes, V.; Lindstad, T.: The importance of coal and coke properties in the production of high silicon alloys. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Palsson, H.; Sævarsdottir, G.; Jonsson, M.T.; Bakken, J.A.: Thermal effects on carbon based electrodes close to a high current electric arc. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 2 (2007) Roven, H.J.; Liu, M.: Nanostructured metals by SPD technology and commercialization. Proceedings of the 2nd Chinese - Norwegian Symposium on Light Metals (2007) Rørvik, S.; Foosnæs, T.; Ratvik, A.P.: Determination of degree of carbonization in cokes by image analysis. Carbon 2007 Proceedings (CD) (2007) 6 pages. Safarian-Dastjerdi, J.; Kolbeinsen, L.; Gaal, S.; Tranell, G.: The effect of graphite properties on the rate of MnO reduction from high carbon ferromanganese slag. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Sandvik, K.L.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H.A.: Recovery of carbon from used aluminium electrolysis anode butts - a new treatment of anode butts for recycling. Proceedings of the Conference in Mineral Processing (2007) Sævarsdottir, G.; Magnusson, T.; Bakken, J.A.: Electric arc on a coke bed in a submerged arc furnace. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 2 (2007) Sævarsdottir, G.; Palsson, H.; Jonsson, M.T.; Bakken, J.A.: Electrode erosion in submerged arc furnaces. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 2 (2007) Tang, K.; Olsen, S.E.: The effect of alumina in ferromanganese slag. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007)

30 Conference proceedings, other reports and publications Tang, K.; Tangstad, M.: Modeling viscosities of ferromanganese slags. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Thonstad, J.: Are inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis close to a technological breakthrough? Proceedings of 2007 China International Conference on Aluminium Metallurgy (2007) Tkac, M.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H.A.: Effect of vacuum vibroforming on porosity development during anode baking. Light Metals 4 (2007) Tranell, G.; Gaal, S.; Lu, D.; Tangstad, M.; Safarian-Dastjerdi, J.: Reduction kinetics of manganese oxide from HC FeMn slags. INFACON XI: Innovations in the Ferro Ally Industry 1 (2007) Tunold, R.: Drivhuseffekt og klima. Adresseavisen (2007) Tunold, R.: Redd kloden. Bergens Tidende (2007) Vasshaug, K.; Foosnæs, T.; Haarberg, G.M.; Ratvik, A.P.; Skybakmoen, E.: Wear of carbon cathodes in cryolite-alumina melts. Light Metals 4 (2007) Ystenes, M.: Ros, roser og jantelov. Verdens Gang (2007) Zhang, L.: Designing the launder system during aluminum refining and casting process through CFD simulation. TMS th Annual Meeting & Exhibition (CD) (2007) Zhang, L.: Fundamentals of inclusion remocal from molten metal through gas bubbling. TMS th Annual Meeting & Exhibition (CD) (2007) Zhang, L.: Non-metallic inclusions in metals: from nanometer to milimeter. TMS th Annual Meeting & Exhibition (CD) (2007) Zhang, L.; Ciftja, A.; Damoah, L.: Removal of non-metallic inclusions from molten aluminum. Proceedings of European Metallurgical Conference (2007) Østvold, T.: Scale prediction with emphasis on the carbonate problem. SPE Applied Technology Workshop (2007) 12 pages. Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.: Effect of SEN clogging on flow transport in continuous casting mold. Clean Steel (2007) Westermoen, A.; Bakken, J.A.: Controlled arc rotation using a 2-phase AC field. ISPC-18: Symposium on plasma chemistry (CD) (2007) 4 pages. Westermoen, A.; Bakken, J.A.: Modelling of stable and unstable rotation modes for a DC arc. ISPC-18: Symposium on plasma chemistry (CD) (2007) 4 pages. Wiik, K.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.; Barland, R.T.: NTNU etablert firma: Selger keramisk pulver. Norges Forskningsråds nettavis (2007) Yartys, V.; Solberg, J.K.; Wu, Y.; Denys, R.V.; Mæhlen, J.P.; Riabov, A.B.; Lototsky, M.V.; Løken, S.; Tarasov, B.P.; Borisov, D.N.: Nanostructured magnesium-based hydrides for hydrogen storage. Hydrogen - Power of Theoretical and Engineering Solutions International Symposium (CD) (2007) 10 pages. Ystenes, M.: De usynlige barna. En tankevekker. Forlaget Norske Bøker (2007)

31 EQUIPMENT EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY Furnaces Crucible furnace, capacity 140 kg aluminium; with gas purging unit etc. for metal refinery studies. Induction furnace, capacity 200 kg of steel, Eloterm. Induction furnace, capacity 20 kg of steel, ASEA. Vacuum induction furnace, capacity 2 kg of steel, Balzer. Plasma pilot facility/furnace, capacity 30 kg/h and plasma temperatures up to ~ 3000 C. Electro-melting furnace, one-phase current, for pilot production of metals. Small induction furnace up to 3600 C Water model Laser methods applied to follow fluid flow and gas bubble flow behaviour in light-transparent models representing industrial processes. Pilot scale gas injections (in water). Miscellaneous High temperature microscope for wettability studies; sessile drop method different vertical versatile furnaces, temperatures up to 1600 C. Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer with mass spectrometer. Vacuum/inert gas facility for measurements of diffusion constants, up to 1200 C. Instruments for solubility measurements. PHYSICAL METALLURGY Metallography Specimen preparation and light optical laboratory Traditional specimen preparation equipment for cutting, embedding, grinding and mechanical polishing, Struers RotoPol-31 automatic grinding and polishing machine, Struers Lectropol-5 electropolisher, Struers Tenopol- 5 for TEM thin foil preparation, 4 optical microscopes attached with digital cameras (Leica MeF4, Leitz MM6, Leitz Metalloplan, Zeiss Axiovert 25), Matuzawa DVK-1S microhardness tester ( kg), Leica VMHT MOT micro hardness tester (1g 2000g, anno 2003). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) laboratory Zeiss SUPRA 55VP (LVFESEM, 2006), Hitachi S-4300SE (FESEM, 2002), Zeiss, Ultra 55LE, FESEM (2007), Jeol 840 (1989), Jeol 840 (1985). 4 SEMs are equipped with EDS and EBSD. The laboratory has an in-situ sub-stage for combined EBSD-thermo mechanical experiments. Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) Jeol JXA-8500F field emission gun hyperprobe with 5 wavelength dispersive spectrometers, special crystals for light element analysis, EDS, and cathodoluminescence system (2006). Chemical analysis of submicron volumes. Transmission electron microscope Jeol JEM-2010 (1994) with LaB6 filament equipped with STEM, EDS and Gatan GIF imaging filter. Specimen preparation laboratory for electron microscope Agar, Turbo carbon coater. Edwards, Sputtercoater S150B (Au, Pt, W). JEOL, JEE-4X evaporator. Fishione, Plasma cleaner, model Iontech, Ionetcher SEM sample. Iontech, Ionetcher TEM sample. X-ray diffraction Siemens D5000 X-ray diffractometer equipped with Euler cradle for texture measurements. Furnace laboratory 5 salt bath furnaces (250 C-590 C), 5 oil bath furnaces (50 C-250 C), 9 fluid bed furnaces (0 C-600 C), 2 muffle furnaces (0 C-800 C, 0 C-1300 C), 2 air circulation furnaces (0 C-650 C), one with large chamber (Multitherm S250/65A, 450mm 450mm 600mm, anno 2003). Mechanical testing MTS 810 universal testing machine (10 tons), MTS 880 universal testing machine (10 tons) equipped with 250 C furnace chamber and MTS Teststar control units, shear tester, bend tester, compression tools, formability tools, fatigue and fracture grips, high rate tensile grips, ordinary extensometers and clip gauges for room temperature testing, laser speckle analyzer, dynamic speckle correlation strain analyses. Metal forming 60 and 100 tons hydraulic presses, equal channel angular pressing tools, hydroforming tools, Marciniak formability tester (used also in MTS 880), ASAME equipment for automatic 3-dimensional strain analysis and measurements. Hot torsion machine, two cold rolling mills. Casting Small scale solidification laboratory 3 resistor furnaces (max 1000 C), reometer, Podfa filter for analysing melt quality, Bridgeman furnace (ferro alloys), Seiko differential scanning calorimeter (-150 C C). Casting laboratory ASEA 3830 Hz induction furnace (6.5 liters, max 1700 C), Balzer VSG Hz vacuum induction furnace (1-2 liters, max 2000 C), induction melt spinner for rapid solidification (5cm 3 ), Marco arc melt spinner for rapid solidification (100cm 3 ). Welding (SINTEF but used by Department of Materials Science and Engineering) Hyperbaric welding equipment, ABB welding robot station, Smitweld TCS 1405 resistor weld simulator, 2 high frequency induction generators (6kW, 12kW), medium frequency generator (50kW), IRC (Instrumented Restrained Cracking) jig, Satoh jig for welding prestrained specimens, Ströhlein TCD (Thermal Conductivity Detection) instrument for hydrogen measurement, mercury based hydrogen analysis apparatus. Wear testing Pin on disk -, pin on ring - and pin on plate machines, Struers Microwave abrasive testing machine, water jet erosion machine. Pressing ABB hot isostatic press (2000 bar, 2000 C), ABB cold 31

32 Equipment isostatic press (6000 bar), Thermal Technology Inc. hydraulic hot axial press (200kPa). Solar silicon Clean room class 10000, Crystalox DS 250 Bridgeman furnace for directional solidification of (solar cell) silicon, saw for cutting silicon ingots, Jandel four points probe for resistivity measurements, Leo Gieken instrument for measurement of lifetime of minority charge carriers, PVScan 6000 instrument for measurement of dislocation densities and detection of grain boundaries, GTSolar LBIC (Light Beam Induced Current) measuring device. ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochemical equipment: Potentiostates, frequency analysers and sweep generators. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance. Digital Acquisition system for FFT ac voltammetry. Surface characterisation: Electrochemical STM/AFM microscopy for performing in situ combined electrochemical and surface studies. Adsorption measurements: A volumetric PCT (Pressure Composition Temperature) equipment for measurements of hydrogen adsorption in hydride forming materials. Miscellaneous: Preparative equipment, vacuum systems, glove boxes, test rigs. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Materials characterization: Thermobalances equipped for - Vapour pressure measurements by boiling point and Knudsen effusion method for use up to 2200 C. - High temperature gravimetric analysis (max C) in controlled atmosphere. Calorimeters - Calvet type reaction calorimeters (max C). - Differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer DSC-2) for use up to 727 C. - DTA/Reaction calorimeter (max 1200 C). - TGA/DTA/DSC for use up to 1600 C. Viscometers - Precision viscometers for determination of the viscosity of molten salts, metals and hydrocarbons at high temperatures and pressures. Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity by the hot strip method of solids or liquids up to 700 C (R and D Carbon). Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity of bricks and powders up to 1200 C. Hitatchi S-3400N variable pressure SEM equipped with INCA Energy EDS system and EBSD. Reichert-Jung MeF3A optical microscope for metal and mineralogical applications equipped with computerized image analysis system. Porosimeters - Carlo Erba 2000 WS, (pore radius: mm), Macropore 120 (pore radius: mm). - Micromeritics TRISTAR 3000, (pore diameter: Å). Rapoport test apparatus (R and D Carbon). Rammability (R and D Carbon). Air Permeability (R and D Carbon). Specific Electrical Resistance (R and D Carbon). Sodium resistance test equipment (carbon). Abrasion tester. Lloyd LR 100K Materials Testing Machine. Yield and strength tests up to 1000 C. Equipment for mechanical characteri zation of bending strength, E-modulus, fracture toughness and creep up to 1100 C under controlled atmosphere. Equipment for mechanical 3-point bending of gels (100 g load cell). Thermal dilation measurements in controlled atmosphere up to 1450 C. LECO TC-436 Oxygen and Nitrogen Determinator. Micromeretics AccuPyc 1330 Pycnometer. Production of carbon materials Pilot plant scale for mixing anode, cathode or ramming paste including sigma-mixer and vibration press. Production of ceramic materials Spray pyrolysis unit for large scale production of ceramic powders. Spray dryer. Cold isostatic press (Flow Autoclave Systems). Uniaxial press. Tape Caster (Richard E. Mistler). Spectroscopy Bruker IFS 66v Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer ( cm -1 ). IR microscope. Cary 5, UV-VIS-NIR Spectrometer ( cm -1 ). X-ray diffraction equipment Bruker D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer. - Cu Kα X-ray tube, variable divergence slit assembly - Theta/theta base goniometer, automatic sample changer, rotating reflection sample stage. - Variable antiscatter slit assembly, scintillation detector. - VANTEC-I 1D detector with large active area. - TC-Wide Range low/high temperature chamber, rotating ceramic sample stage. Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffracto meter, unit A: - primary monochromator (quartz) - Cu Kα X-ray tube, automatic antiscatter slit, scintillation detector Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffractometer, unit B. - Secondary monochromator (graphite), autom. antiscatter and divergence slit, Göbel mirror system, high temp. system HTK 15, pos. sensitive and scintillation detector, grazing incidence attachment, sample changer 40 pos, capillary sample holder. Bruker D8 Focus X-ray diffractometer. - Cu Kα X-ray tube, variable divergence slit assembly. - Theta/theta base goniometer, automatic sample changer, rotating reflection sample stage. - Solid state LynxEye(TM) detector and scintillation detector. Catalysis Reactor for Ziegler-Natta polymerization with continuous gas flow measurements. Reactors for production of dimethyl dichlorosilane and trichlorosilane both with computerized on-line gas chromatographs for continuous analysis. One of the reactors can be pressurized up to 4 bar. 32

33 Kjemi II Seminars, Energy and Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Fridays in KII (Chemistry building II) Seminar leader: Reidar Tunold Date Speaker Topic February 16 Kristin Vasshaug Wear of carbon materials in cryolite alumina melts. February 23 Professor Ki Hyun Yoon, Deptartment of Ceramic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul Korea. Understanding some problems of microwave dielectrics and ferroelectrics. March 2 Sverre Magnus Selbach Multiferroic perovskites for future information technology. March 16 Per Martin Rørvik Growth of PbTiO 3 nanorods on substrates by hydrothermal synthesis. March 23 Ingrid Anne Lervik Iridium oxide based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution in water electrolysis. March 30 Julian Tolchard Ionic condution a macroscopic phenomenon at the microscopic level. April 13 Brit Graver Effect of heat treatment on anodic activation of aluminium by trace elements lead, indium and tin. April 20 Lina Jonasson Electrochemical formation of carbon nanostructures in fluoride melts. April 27 May 4 Scientist Arnstein Norheim, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, NTNU. General Manager Arve Solheim, CruSiN AS, Trondheim, Norway. Solid oxide fuel cells fuelled by byomass gasification producer gases status and challenges. CruSiN AS, fra studentprosjekt til ny norsk industri. May 11 Frode Seland Mechanistic aspects of oxidation of methanol, formic acid and CO on Pt. August 31 Geir Martin Haarberg Electrochemical deoxidation of mixed metal oxides. September 14 Fride Vullum Investigation of cerium niobate for applications in SOFC and gas permeable membranes. September 21 Morten Sundheim Jensen Hot pressing of TiB2 inert cathode materials. September 28 Espen Andre Rudberg Oxygen diffusion and surface exhange data for La (1-x) Sr x CoO (3-δ). October 5 Nils-Håvard Giskeødegård In situ ellipsometric and electrochemical characterisation of oxide forme don aluminium in acetate buffer. October 12 Lars-Erik Owe Electronic interactions in mixed oxides for electrocatalysis. October 19 Hilde Lea Lein Membranes and fuel cells base don proton conductiong oxide materials. October 26 Boyan Yuan Electrowinning of iron in aqueous sodium hydroxide. November 2 Leif Olav Jøsang Quasi natural consolidation applications of controlled calcium carbonate precipitation. November 9 November 16 Egil Skybakmoen, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Steffen M. Holst, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Quality evaluation and ranking of nitride bonded silicon carbide sidelining materials. How can hydrogen be introduced as fuel in the Norwegian transport sector? November 23 Axel Baumann Ofstad Durability of PEM fuel cells experience from LANL. December 7 December 14 Asbjørn Solheim, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Ana Maria Martinez, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Anodic current distribution in aluminium electrolysis cells. New methods for low-cost titanium production. 33

34 GUEST LECTURERS Ph.D. Marin Bellmann, Institut für Eksperimentelle Physik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany, January 4, Optimisation of heat and mass transfer during the solidification of semiconductor melts. Dr. Derya Dispinar, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Istanbul, Turkey, February 21, Metal quality improvement in casting of aluminium. Ph.D. Evgeny M. Kopnin, Pirelli Labs, Milan, Italy, March 23, An introduction to nano-structured inorganic and ceramic materials - principles, synthesis routes and applications. Professor Robert Walker, University of Maryland, USA, June 12, In situ optical studies of carbon formation and oxidation on SOFC anodes. Professor Arne Kristian Dahle, University of Queensland, Australia, August 8, Research on solidification and casting at University of Queensland. Dr. Christopher Gourlay, University of Queensland, Australia, August 8, Dilatancy and strain localisation in equiaxed solidifying. Professor David Embury, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton, Canada, September 18, The role of interfaces in producing ultra-high strength materials. Hojun Lim, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA, September 18, Springback. Robert H. Wagoner, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA, September 18, Springback. 34

35 STAFF SCIENTIFIC STAFF Professor, Ph.D. Lars Arnberg Professor emeritus Jon Arne Bakken Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Dagfinn Bratland Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud, maternity leave until September 1, 2007 Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Thorvald Abel Engh Professor emeritus Arne Wang Espelund Professor, Dr.ing. Trygve Foosnæs Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong Professor, Dr.scient. Jarle Hjelen Associate Professor, Dr.scient. Bjørn Holmedal (40 %) Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jan Lützow Holm Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv Kolbeinsen Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein, to August 31, 2007 Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Marthinsen Professor emeritus, M.Sc.Eng. Ketil Motzfeldt Professor, Ph.D. Erik Nes Professor, Ph.D. Kemal Nisancioglu Professor emeritus Sverre Olsen Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Terkel Rosenqvist Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Nils Ryum Associate Professor, Ph.D. Frode Seland Professor, Dr.philos Jan Ketil Solberg Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Åsmund Sterten Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jomar Thonstad Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold Professor emeritus Johan Kristian Tuset Professor, Dr.ing. Kjell Wiik Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes Professor, Ph.D. Lifeng Zhang Professor, Dr.techn. Terje Østvold Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Harald Arnljot Øye Adjunct Professor, Ph.D. Olaf Engler Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Ola Jensrud Adjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Stein Julsrud, to August 31, 2007 Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Harald Justnes Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Arne Paulsen Adjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Oddvin Reiso Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Christian Rosenkilde Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Morten Sørlie Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Halvard Tveit Adjunct Professor, Ph.D. Volodymyr Yartys TECHNICAL STAFF Senior Engineer Rune Thorsen Barland, to November 30, 2007 Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes Engineer Fritz Helgemo Chief Engineer Eli Beate Jakobsen Senior Engineer Torild Krogstad Chief Engineer Elin Nilsen Senior Engineer Tor Arild Nilsen Senior Engineer Kjell Røkke Chief Engineer Morten Raanes Senior Engineer Pål Skaret Engineer Odd Steinar Strømsli Senior Engineer May Grete Sætran, to December 10, maternity leave until October 11, 2007 Chief Engineer Pål Ulseth Senior Engineer Torill Anita Hoem Weisethaunet, to October 11, 2007 Engineer Gunn Torill Wikdahl Chief Engineer Yingda Yu Senior Engineer Trine Øyås ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Head of Administration Trond Einar Hagen Executive Officer Martha Bjerknes Office apprentice Hoai Kim Barstad, to April 9, 2007 Executive Officer Elsa Mari Florhaug Executive Officer Unni Keiseraas Higher Executive Officer Brit Wenche Meland Executive Officer Hilde Martinsen Nordø Secretary Åse Lill Salomonsen RESEARCH SCIENTISTS Ph.D. Zhihong Jia Dr.ing. Ole Edvard Kongstein, to August 10, 2007 Ph.D. Paul Schaffer, from July 1, 2007 Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan Ph.D. Mikhail Tsypkin GUEST PROFESSORS/RESEARCHERS Shusen Li M.Sc. Jinbao Lin, from October, 2007 Ph.D. Pietrzyk Stanislaw, from August 1 to September 20, 2007 Professor Ki Hyun Yoon, from January 15 to September 30, 2007 Professor Shulan Wang, from September 5 to December 4, 2007 POST DOCTORAL FELLOWS Ph.D. Martin Bellmann Dr.ing. Jesper Friis, to January 14, 2007 Ph.D. Edita Garskaite, from June 4, 2007 Ph.D. Rajiv Giri, from May 15, 2007 Dr.ing. Sverre Gulbrandsen-Dahl, from June 1, 2007 (50 %) Ph.D. Marisa Di Sabatino, to April 30, 2007 Dr.ing. Anne Kvithyld, to November 14, maternity leace until November 14, 2007 Dr.ing. Tore Larsen Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein, from September 1, 2007 Ph.D. Manping Liu Ph.D. Raymond Longbottom Ph.D. Tommy Mokkelbost, to August 31, 2007 Ph.D. Jafar Safarian-Dastjerdi, from December 8, 2007 Ph.D. Paul Schaffer, to June 30, 2007 Ph.D. Julian Tolchard Ph.D. Fride Vullum 35

36 Staff Ph.D. Guozhong Wang, to October 11, 2007 Ph.D. Ying Wu, to February 6, 2007 Ph.D. Boyan Yuan, from January 12, 2007 SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANTS Marte Bjørnsdotter, from February 28 to May 8, 2007 Sjur Dalsbotten, from April 1 to June 30, 2007 Saima Sultana Kazi, from February 5 to March, 2007 Rune Christian Kjøsnes, from August 23, 2007 Stephen Lobo, from May 1 to December 31, 2007 Håkon Nesbø, to August 14, 2007 Segolene Pelisset, from July 7, 2007 Ruth Astrid Strøm, to August 10, 2007 Kira Turkova, from November 1, 2007 DEPARTMENT SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS Morten Karlsen Lars-Erik Owe Sverre Magnus Selbach Xiangjun Zuo Cecilie Ødegård EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS WITH TEACHING DUTIES Anawati Sarina Bao, from October 18, 2007 Stein Trygve Briskeby Jirang Cui, from August 16, 2007 Halvor Dalaker Per Anders Eidem Tomas Erlien, to October 7, 2007 Egil Fjeldberg Nils Håvard Giskeødegård Brit Kathrine F. Graver to December 4, 2007 Jana Hajasova, to August 7, 2007 Sidsel Meli Hanetho, from September 1, 2007 Fredrik Haakonsen Liudmila Igorevna Ilyukhina, from October 30, 2007 Morten Sundheim Jensen Lina M. Jonasson Kenji Kawaguchi, from August 29, 2007 Eirin Kvalheim Magnus Hurlen Larsen, to August 17, 2007 Ingrid Anne Lervik Francesco Madaro Viktor A. K. Myrvågnes, to September 21, 2007 Erlend Fjøsne Nordstrand Axel Baumann Ofstad Silje Rodahl Espen Rudberg Birgit Ryningen Per Martin Rørvik Dmitriy Slizowskiy, from October 16, 2007 Kristin Vasshaug, to May 31, 2007 Yufeng Wang Andreas Westermoen EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS Shahid Akhtar Marte Bjørnsdotter, from August 13, 2007 Arjan Ciftja, from August 15, 2007 Pierre Delaleau, from September 26, 2007 Odd Einar Frosta, to January 12, 2007 Jørgen Furu, from September 27, 2007 Ole Sigmund Kjos, from July 16, 2007 Michal Kolar, from November 1, 2007 Rannveig Kvande Sten Yngve Larsen, to January 17, 2007 Chiara Modanese, from October 30, 2007 Marian Palcut, to September 21, 2007 Jafar Safarian-Dastjerdi, to December 7, 2007 Maneesh C. Srivastava Przemyslaw Szczygiel, to April 2, 2007 Michal Tkac, to January 19, 2007 Kati Tschöpe, from August 6, 2007 Zhaohui Wang, from August 13, 2007 Saijun Xiao, from November 28, 2007 Dongju Zhao UNDERGRADUATE ASSISTANTS Spring term 2007 Asbjørnsen, Ingvild Astad, Kristian Prestrud Aursand, Mads Bamberg, Linda Bjørnetun, Haugen Astrid Brynjulfsen, Ingvild Dahlstrøm, Per Kristian Eide, Kjersti Meldahl Enaasen, Nina Erlingsen, Espen Flåten, Hanne Andersen Halten Kjell Inge Hasanbergovic, Nedim Hognes, Erik Skontorp Holsæter, Hege Christine Holøymoen, Martin Høgmoen, Hanne Johansen, Tor Jørgensen, Vegard Kjellevold, Line Liland Kjos, Ole Sigmund Kvitvang, Hans Fredrik Landsem, Eva Larsen, Ernst Richard Lied, Ole Kristian Marley, Erica Miljeteig, Olav Roll, Sebastian Røstad, Anna Skjeldestad, Aslak Slevolden, Elisabeth Snilsberg, Knut Erik Stangeland, Helga Wiig Strand, Lilian Sola Sunde, Tor Olav Syre, Marie Sørgård, Hanne Tennøe, Andreas Tjelta, Morten Torgeirsrud, Øyvind Torvanger, Håvard Skomedal Underdal, Holm Øyvind UNDERGRADUATE ASSISTANTS Fall term 2007 Andersen, Vegard Brynjulfsen, Ingvild Eide, Kjersti Meldahl Erlingsen, Espen Fagerbekk, Siri 36

37 Staff Fornes, Petter Haga, Silje Aamot Halten, Kjell Inge Hammersgård, Alexander Herikstad, Ruth Oftedal Holm, Øyvind Underdahl Høiseth, Morten Johansen, Tor Kvitvang, Hans Fredrik Løvik, Amund Norli Marley, Erica Ramdal, Ingunn Resell, Martin Roll, Sebastian Rørkjær, Solveig Røstad, Anna S. Ødegård Salvesen, Trine Viveke Schjønhaug, Lars Kristian Skjeldestad Aslak Slevolden, Elisabeth Stangeland, Helga Wiig Svanberg, Ida Søfferud, Mario Tjelta, Morten Wefring, Espen Tjønneland Ystad, Michelle Cecilia Østby, Heidi Therese DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT Merethe Falstad Trygve Foosnæs Tor Grande (head) Øystein Grong Trond Einar Hagen Geir Martin Haarberg Fredrik Haakonsen Eli Beate Jakobsen Leiv Kolbeinsen Ørjan F. Lohne Knut Marthinsen (deputy head) Pål Ulseth SUMMER STUDENTS Hanne Flåten Andersen Astrid Bakken Kristin Bergum Carl Erik Lie Foss Astrid Haugen Christoph Heinze Vaseeharan Sivanesan Aslak Skjeldestad Tor Olav Sunde Morten Tjelta Paul Tandberg Vegard Øygarden APPRENTICE Yerlikaya Ekrem ADVISORY BOARD Lars Arnberg Mari-Ann Einarsrud Merethe Falstad Trond Einar Hagen (Secretary) Fredrik Haakonsen Odd Sture Hopperstad Ørjan F. Lohne Kemal Nisancioglu Brit Wenche Meland Aud Nina Wærnes (chair) SUBSTITUTES Kjell Wiik Leiv Kolbeinsen Geir Martin Haarberg 37

38 GRADUATE STUDIES Dr.ing./Ph.D. Degrees During 2007, 62 Dr.ing./Ph.D. students have worked at Department of Materials Science and Engineering. 7 students have been awarded the degree Dr.ing./Ph.D.: Albertsen, Jorun Zahl: Major subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Experimental and theoretical investigations of metal dusting corrosion in plant exposed nickelbased alloys. Doctoral thesis 2007:50, IMT-report 2007:91. March Physical metallurgy Low temperature surface hardening of stainless steel and nickel alloys. Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong. Adjunct Professor John Walmsley, Department of Physics, NTNU. Professor, Ph.D. Marcel A. J. Somers, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. General Manager Dr.rer.nat. Dietlinde Jakobi, Metallurgical Services and Technical Marketing, Edelstahlwerk Kaiserau, Lindlar, Germany. Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Marthinsen, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Bjerkaas, Hans: Major subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Characterisation and plasticity in extruded Al-Mg-Si profiles engaging in-situ EBSD. Doctoral thesis 2007:154, IMT-report 2007:94. June Physical metallurgy. On the effects of trace elements in commercial aluminium alloys. Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven. Professor, Dr.scient. Jarle Hjelen. Professor John Arthur Wert, Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark. Research Program Manager, Professor Bo Bengtsson, SAPA Technology, Finspång, Sweden. Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Hajasova, Jana: Major subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Electrochemical behaviour of sulphur containing species in molten salts. Doctoral thesis 2007:254. November Electrochemistry. Production of magnesium by electrowinning and by siliconthermic reduction; technical and economic aspects. Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg. Research Scientist Ana Maria Martinez, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Norway. Professor, Ph.D. Rasmus Fehrman, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. Technology Director Lene Navestad Solli, Hydro Aluminium, Øvre Årdal, Norway. Professor emeritus Jomar Thonstad, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Palcut, Marian: Major subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Cation diffusion in LaMnO 3, LaCoO 3 and LaFeO 3 materials. Doctoral thesis 2007:173, IMT-report 2007:93. June Inorganic chemistry. Nanoionics consepts and concerns. Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande. Professor, Dr.ing. Kjell Wiik. Professor, Dr.ing. Günter Borchardt, Technical University of Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany. Professor, Dr.scient. Truls Norby, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Norway. Professor, Ph.D. Kemal Nisancioglu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). 38

39 Safarian-Dastjerdi, Jafar: Major subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Kinetics and mechanisms of reduction of MnO-containing silicate slags by selected forms of carbonaceous materials. Doctoral thesis 2007:235. December Extractive metallurgy. Purity requirements for Mn-alloys for TRIP and TWIP steels; how can they be met?. Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv Kolbeinsen. Professor emeritus Sverre E. Olsen, Professor Merete Tangstad and Researcher Gabriella Tranell, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway. Professor Peter Hayes, The University of Queensland, Pyrometallurgy Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia. Technical Director Jon Are Bustnes, Tinfos Manganese Plant, Øyestranda, Norway. Professor Lars Arnberg, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Tkac, Michal: Major subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Porosity Development in composite carbon materials during heat treatment. Doctoral thesis 2007:101. April Inorganic chemistry. Sulphur in petrol coke chemical bonding, behaviour and effect during coke calcining, anode production and anode use. Professor, Dr.ing. Trygve Foosnæs. Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Harald Øye. Professor, Dr. Brian McEnaney, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Bath, United Kingdom. Senior Project Engineer, Dr.ing. Lorentz Petter Lossius, Hydro Aluminium, Technology and Operational Support, Øvre Årdal, Norway. Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). Westermoen, Andreas: Major subject: Dr. lecture: Thesis advisor: Co-supervisor: Examination committee: Modelling of dynamic arc behaviour in a plasma reactor. Doctoral thesis 2007:38, IMT-report 2007:90. March Extractive metallurgy. Production of carbon-nanostructures - future industrial processes. Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad. Professor emeritus Jon Arne Bakken. Research Engineer Clarisse Delalondre, EDF R&D Département MFEE, France. Senior Specialist Hilde Løken Larsen, ELKEM ASA Technology, Engineering and Projects, Oslo, Norway. Professor Lifeng Zhang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU (chair). The following Dr.ing./Ph.D. projects are in progress: Name Title Thesis advisor Abburi, Madhubabu Electrochemical texturization of Si-wafers. Nisancioglu, Kemal Akhtar, Shahid Hydrogen porosity in aluminum castings. Arnberg, Lars Anawati Effect of trace elements on the electrochemistry and corrosion of aluminium alloys. Nisancioglu, Kemal Bao, Sarina Purification of aluminum through filtration. Zhang, Lifeng Bjørnsdotter, Marte Effect of surface conditions on hydrogen uptake during cathodic protection of steel in seawater. Nisancioglu, Kemal Briskeby, Stein Trygve Electrocatalysts of noble metals supported on carbon nanofibres. Sunde, Svein Ciftja, Arjan Recycling to feedstock of photo voltaic silicon scrap by removal of inclusions; effect of refractory materials and wettabilities. Zhang, Lifeng Cui, Jirang Recovery of metals from electronic wastes. Zhang, Lifeng 39

40 Graduate studies Dalaker, Halvor Thermodynamics of solar cell silicon in the high temperature area. Tangstad, Merete Delaleau, Pierre Equiaxed dendrite growth in aluminium alloys. Arnberg, Lars Eide, Ole-Kristian IR and NMR spectroscopy of catalyst for olefin polymerization. Ystenes, Martin Eidem, Per Anders Electrical conductivity of coke beds. Tangstad, Merete Erlien, Tomas Laugsand Cold bonding mechanisms in aluminium alloys. Grong, Øystein Fjeldberg, Egil Modelling and simulation of nano- and microstructure in Al-alloys. Marthinsen, Knut Frosta, Odd Einar Modeling of baked anodes. Foosnæs, Trygve Furu, Jørgen Remelting and recycling of aluminum scraps. Zhang, Lifeng Giskeødegård, Nils Håvard Adhesion of organic functional groups on aluminium. Nisancioglu, Kemal Graver, Brit K. F. Electrochemical activation of aluminium by surface segregation of trace elements indium, tin and lead. Nisancioglu, Kemal Görner, Harald Development of an AlF 3 active filter for Al. Zhang, Lifeng Hanetho, Sidsel Meli Coating and surface modification of multiphase pipelines. Einarsrud, Mari-Ann Helenius, Raimo High pressure die casting of light metals. Lohne, Otto Haakonsen, Fredrik Optimizing of Strømhard austenitic manganese steel. Solberg, Jan Ketil Jensen, Morten Sundheim Chemical degradation, wetting and electrochemical properties of polycrystalline TiB 2 inert cathodes. Grande, Tor Jonasson, Lina Margareta Carbon structures and cathode wear in aluminium electrolysis cells. Foosnæs, Trygve Karlsen, Morten Thermo-mechanical in-situ investigations using the EBSD. Hjelen, Jarle Kawaguchi, Kenji Electrocatalysis and novel functions of IrO 2 -based electrodes. Haarberg, Geir Martin Kjos, Ole Sigmund Electrochemical production of titanium from molten salts. Haarberg, Geir Martin Kvalheim, Eirin Kvande, Rannveig Larsen, Magnus Hurlen Electrode kinetics of anode processes on candidate inert anode materials for oxygen evololution during electrowinning in molten salts. Incorporation of impurities during directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon for solar cells. Effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the intergranular corrosion of AA6000 aluminium alloys. Haarberg, Geir Martin Arnberg, Lars Nisancioglu, Kemal Larsen, Sten Yngve Novel carbon materials in electrometallurgical applications. Foosnæs, Trygve Lervik, Ingrid Anne Electrocatalyst for PEM water electrolysis. Sunde, Svein Lilleby, Anders Sunde Mathematical modelling of material flow during extrusion and joining of aluminium based on the HYMEN bonding method. Grong, Øystein Lindgård, Jan Alkali Silica Reactions (ASR) performance based testing concept. Justnes, Harald Madaro, Francesco Synthesis of textured piezo- and ferroelectric materials by chemical and ceramic techniques. Grande, Tor Modanese, Chiara Investigation of new Si solar cells feedstock. Arnberg, Lars Myrvågnes, Viktor Alfred Nordstrand, Erlend Fjøsne Ofstad, Axel Baumann Analyses and characterization of fossil carbonaceous materials for silicon production. Effects of non-metallic inclusions on the transformation behaviour of steel. Increasing the lifetime of PEM fuel cells - a fundamental study of degradation mechanisms. Lindstad, Tor Grong, Øystein Sunde, Svein 40

41 Graduate studies Owe, Lars-Erik Oxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction during water electrolysis. Sunde, Svein Paulsen, Ove Bjørn Sealing of high temperature membrane reactors. Grande, Tor Poleatev, Andrey Nanostructured hydrides of aluminium and magnesium for hydrogen storage. Solberg, Jan Ketil Rodahl, Silje Chromate-free pre-treatment of aluminium for organic coating. Nisancioglu, Kemal Rotan, Magnus Phase composition, microstructure and resistance to attrition of alumina-based supports for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Grande, Tor Rudberg, Espen Andre Oxygen and hydrogen exchange on functional oxide membranes. Nisancioglu, Kemal Ryningen, Birgit Characterisation of solar cell silicon. Lohne, Otto Rørvik, Per Martin Ceramic nanoparticles and nanostructures by chemical methods. Einarsrud, Mari-Ann Rørvik, Stein Migration effects in prebaked anodes. Foosnæs, Trygve Sandnes, Espen The anode process on carbon in chloride-oxide melts. Haarberg, Geir Martin Selbach, Sverre Magnus Size and strain effects in ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. Grande, Tor Solheim, Karl Gunnar The effect of microstructure on the properties of 13%Cr flowlines in operation. Solberg, Jan Ketil Sorin, Isac Metal powder project - metal printing process. Arnberg, Lars Srivastava, Maneesh High pressure die casting of aluminium and magnesium alloys. Lohne, Otto Szczygiel, Przemyslaw ECAP recycled Al alloys experimental characterization of properties and microstructure. Roven, Hans Jørgen Tschöpe, Kati FEM modelling of degradation of cathode lining in Hall-Heroult cells. Grande, Tor Vasshaug, Kristin Electrochemical wear of carbon materials in fluoride melts. Haarberg, Geir Martin Wang, Yufeng Purification of aluminum through electromagnetic field. Zhang, Lifeng Wang, Zhaohui Zhao, Dongju Mathematical models for degradation of cathode lining in Hall-Heroult cells. Processing, properties and performance in use of direct reduced iron pellets containing added material to control steel structure. Grande, Tor Kolbeinsen, Leiv Zuo, Xiangjun Recycling of the electronic waste. Zhang, Lifeng Ødegård, Cecilie Conversion of silicon tetrachloride to trichlorosilane. Foosnæs, Trygve Åkre, Torjus Electrowinning of cobalt from chloride solutions - anodic deposition of cobalt oxide on DSA. Haarberg, Geir Martin 41

42 Graduate studies The following Dr.ing. projects are co-supervised in other departments Name Title Thesis advisor Andersen, Dag Herman Thermo-electrical-mechanical models for anode carbon cracking. Zhang, Zhiliang (NTNU, Department of Structural Engineering) Foosnæs, Trygve Arvaniti, Eleni Soil stabilization and waterproofing of concrete constructions. Payatakes, Alkiviades (University of Patras, Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece) Østvold, Terje Canelopoulo, Maria CaCO 3 scale formation in 2D model pore networks. Payatakes, Alkiviades (University of Patras, Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece) Østvold, Terje Lin, Jinbao SPD by CEC of magnesium alloys. Wang, Qudong (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China) Roven, Hans Jørgen Ntafalias, Efstathios Psarrou, Maria Sæterli, Ragnhild Kjæstad Investigation on the possibility to control water permeability of concrete. Protecting soil from water erosion through precipitation of calcium phosphate. Electronic structure of thermoelectric materials - TEM studies at the nanoscale. Koutsoukos, Petros G. (FORTH-ICEHT and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Greece) Østvold, Terje Payatakes, Alkiviades (University of Patras, Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece) Østvold, Terje Holmestad, Randi (NTNU, Department of Physics) Marthinsen, Knut Zeng, Zhipeng Study on the ECAP process for commercially pure titanium. Jonsson, Stefan (KTH, Stockholm, Department of Materials Science and Engineering) Roven, Hans Jørgen Westermann, Ida Mechanical properties of 7xxx alloys effect of precipitates and elements in solid solution, strain, strain path and strain rate. Hopperstad, Odd Sture (NTNU, Department of Structural Engineering). Holmedal, Bjørn and Marthinsen, Knut. 42

43 COURSE PROGRAM Descriptions of the courses offered at the Department are included in the University Course Catalogue that can be obtained from Student and Academic Section, NTNU. The present survey lists the courses given by our scientific staff. Course no. Semester: Spring=S Autumn=A Title Credits in parenthesis Lectures and exercise coordinators Passed/ Started TMT4106 S General Chemistry, (7.5) M. Ystenes 338/263 TMT4110 S General Chemistry, (7.5) D. Bratland 153/262 TMT4120 S General Chemistry 2, (7.5) T. Foosnæs 83/80 TMT4130 S Inorganic Chemistry, (7.5) H. L. Lein, T. Grande 93/86 TMT4140 S Applied Thermodynamics, (7.5) T. Østvold, T. Haug-Warberg 39/22 TMT4150 S Refractories, (7.5) K. Wiik 11/9 TMT4165 S Materials- and Electro Chemistry, proj., (7.5) K. Wiik 19/18 TMT4175 S Materials Technology 2, (7.5) Ø. Grong, K. Marthinsen, O. Lohne 25/25 TMT4206 S Fluid and Heat Transfer, Intr. Course, (7.5) T. Lindstad, R. Kristoffersen, H. F. Svendsen TMT4210 S Material and Process Modelling, (7.5) K. Marthinsen 32/32 TMT4215 S Casting, (7.5) L. Arnberg 40/29 TMT4225 S Mechanical Properties of Eng. Mat. 2, (7.5) E. Nes 5/3 TMT4230 S Metallurgical Engineering, (7.5) L. Zhang 1/1 TMT4240 S Microstructure and properties of Metals, (7.5) J. K. Solberg 20/19 TMT4245 S Functional Materials, (7.5) K. H. Yoon, H. L. Lein 15/14 TMT4250 S Electrochemistry, basic course, (7.5) G. M. Haarberg 35/32 TMT4260 S Phase Transformations in Metals, (7.5) K. Marthinsen, Ø. Grong 4/3 TMT4265 S MaterialsTechn.-Forming Light Metals, (7.5) H. J. Roven, O. Jensrud, O. Reiso 7/6 TMT4275 S Thermodynamics and Phasediagrams, (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 21/21 TMT4285 S Hydrogen Techn., Fuel/Solar Cells, (7.5) S. Sunde 57/56 TMT4305 S Electrometallurgy, (7.5) M. Tangstad, H. Tveit 1/1 TMT4310 S Electrocatalysis and Energy Techn., (7.5) F. Seland 8/7 TMT4315 S Electrochemical Engineering, (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 5/5 TMT4851 S Experts in team, (7.5) T. Foosnæs 20/20 TMT4900 S Master thesis, Spec. in Materials Chemistry and Energy Techn., (30.0) TMT4905 S Master thesis, Materials Techn., (30.0) 36/36 TMT4100 A General Chemistry, (7.5) M. Ystenes 336/289 TMT4115 A General Chemistry 1, (7.5) T. Foosnæs 88/84 TMT4145 A Ceramic Engineering, (7.5) M-A. Einarsrud 18/16 TMT4155 A Heterogen Equilibria/Phase Diagrams, (7.5) T. Grande 62/51 TMT4170 A Materials Technology 1, (7.5) H. J. Roven, M.Tangstad 24/24 TMT4185 A Materials Technology, (7.5) J. Hjelen, L.Arnberg 48/39 TMT4190 A Applied Materials Technology, (7.5) O. Lohne, K. H. Holthe 17/17 TMT4220 A Mechanical Properties of Eng. Mat.. 1, (7.5) B. Holmedal 27/21 TMT4255 A Corrosion and Corrosion Protection, (7.5) K. Nisancioglu, R. Johnsen 26/25 TMT4280 A Extractive Metallurgy, (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 10/10 TMT4292 A Materials- and Surface Chemistry, (7.5) S. Sunde, K. Wiik 27/23 TMT4295 A Electrolytic Processes, (7.5) G. M. Haarberg 14/9 TMT4300 A Light and Electron Microscopy, (7.5) J. K. Solberg, J. Hjelen 39/32 TMT4305 A Electrometallurgy, (7.5) M. Tangstad, H. Tveit 4/4 TMT4320 A Nanomaterials, (7.5) F. Vullum 29/24 TMT4325 A Refining and Recycling of Metals, (7.5) L. Zhang 16/16 TMT4500 A Materials Technology, special project (15.0) K.Wiik, T. Foosnæs, H.J. Roven, S. Sunde, R. Johnsen TMT4505 A Materials Technology, special course, (7.5) Several teachers at dhe department 36/36 25/20 9/9 36/36 43

44 Course Program TMT5500 A Process Metallurgy and Electrolysis, special project, (15.0) TMT5505 A Process Metallurgy and Electrolysis, special course, (7.5) T. Østvold, T. Foosnæs 7/7 Several teachers at the department 7/7 MT8101 S Electrochemical Kinetics, (12.0) G. M. Haarberg, C. Rosenkilde 5/5 MT8102 S Corrosion and Surface Technology, (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 2/2 MT8206 S Iron and Steel Metallurgy, (7.5) Ø. Grong 1/1 MT8209 S Failure Analysis of Metals, (7.5) J. K. Solberg 9/9 MT8214 S Advanced Silicon Solar Cells, (7.5) T. Worren, O. Lohne 4/4 MT8300 S Electrolysis of Light Metals 2, (7.5) K. A. Paulsen 7/7 MT8301 S Carbon Materials Technology, (7.5) M. Sørlie 9/9 MT8305 S Cement Semestry, (7.5) H. Justnes 2/2 MT8208 A Fatigue of Metals, (7.5) H. J. Roven 3/3 MT8213 A Modelling and Simulation of Materials, (7.5) K. Marthinsen 1/1 MT8216 A Recrystallization and Texture, (7.5) E. Nes 2/2 44

45 M.Sc. STUDENTS Master of Science in Materials Technology (5 years) 3rd year Andersen, Vegard Astad, Svein Prestrud Bjering, Olav Kigen Bjørkeng, Lars-Petter Bjørnå, Tor Henning Brende, Kristian Karlsen Brynjulfsen, Thomas Bunkholt, Sindre Dahl, Kristian Nyborg Ellingsen, Ørjan Aronsen Haugstad, Ann Leni Lauvdal, Steinar Løvik, Amund Nordli Odland, Ingeborg Johannesen Ottesen, Petter Rotevatn, Eirik Andersen Skjellerudsveen, Magnus Skomedal, Gunstein Torseth, Hans Magne Tran, Phung Hieu Dinh Tveito, Knut Omdal 4th year Alknes, Patrick Brynjulfsen, Ingvild Egholm, Andreas Hals, Terje Helsem, Morten Ro Jahren, Katja Ekroll Kamlow, Fenar Kløgetvedt, Kristoffer Lohne, Ørjan Fossmark Moen, Christoffer Vikne Nilsen, Rune Nordby, Trygve Ottemo Odd, Thomas Ringstad, Richard Hagvåg Rosario, Boots Christoffer Demez Rønning, Yngve Schrøder, Erling Gjestvang Sivaneesan, Vaseeharan Snilsberg, Knut Erik Sørensen, Marte Aadland 5th year Andersen, Elin Christine Brinchmann, Kristoffer Cao, Thien Thanh Nguyen Engebretsen, Torbjørn Hagen, Hans Ove Tinnan Helland, Tore Johansen, Tor Nordnes, Elise Tverberg Rønningen, Dag Slevolden, Elisabeth Stangeland, Helga Wiig Strømstad, Stian Syvertsen, Guttorm Ernst Søfferud, Mario Kokolakis Vingsand, Håvard Graduated Master of Technology students - spring semester Binai-Faal, Navid Festervoll, Knut Grøtte, Andreas Hermstad, Ole Andrers Hilden, Erik Haaland, Bjørnar Øvrum Karlsen, Rolf Magne Kjøsnes, Rune Christian Krog, Kaja Lerstad, Dag Ola Lillevik, Håkon Nguyen, Hue Thai Nygård, Ane Nygård, Ida Opdahl, Christian Rotan, Magnus Sandbu, Paal Henrik Seim, Stian Sjølie, Stian Skjevrak, Sveinung Van Vo, Thang Westermann, Ida Wiig, Kenneh Wåsjø, Johanna Østrem, Øyvind Master of Science in Chemistry and Biotechnology, Specialization in Materials Chemistry and Energy Technology 3rd year Bostad, Henrik Klitgaard Bukholm, Tone Beate Heiaas Cederløv, Torbjørn Endsjø, Ingelin Clausen Fossheim, Helle Ervik Grorud, Mette Grøtting, Øystein Leivestad, Victoria Meland, Knut Åge Olden, Urd Sæther Rørkjær, Solveig Simonsen, Marianne Charlotte Skarra, Ragne Marie Stamnes, Ingrid Svendby, Jørgen Åsheim, Henrik 4th year Andersen, Hanne Flåten Bakken, Astrid Berg, Marianne Elisabeth Bergum, Kristin Ervik, Torunn Kringlen Foss, Carl Eik Lie Haga, Silje Aamot Haugen, Astri Bjørnetun Ramstad, Caroline Sletnes, Malin 45

46 M.Sc. Students Sunde, Tor Olav Løveng Tandberg, Paul Bragelien Tjelta, Morten Voldsund, Mari Øygarden, Vegar 5th year Bjørnstad, Maren Brandtzæg, Aleksander R. M. Dahlstrøm, Per Kristian Eikevik, Tine Falstad, Merethe Fredriksen, Asle Halvorsen, Magnus Torleif Rune Printzell Holme, Caroline Nærland, Kristine Uberg Onsrud, Morten Andreas Pedersen, Øystein Edland Ramdal, Ingunn Skjeldestad, Aslak Svanberg, Ida Wollan, Camilla Skotnes Ystad, Michelle Cecilia Østby, Heidi Therese Graduated Master of Technology students - spring semester Asbjørnsen, Ingvild Bjørnsdotter, Marte Dahl, Ole Andreas Hope, Vigdis Hjertaker Hognes, Erik Skontorp Iglebekk, Eivind Kjos, Sigmund Mo, Torun Stub Slåtten, Sølvi Stabell, Tone Hansen Syre, Marie Vardenær Tennøe, Andreas Øyen, Anne Master of Technology in Materials Technology (2 years) (Master Programme in Materials Technology for Engineers) 1st year Fasial, Awe Hansen, Anita Rosenqvist, Per Fredrik 2nd year Mathisen, Torje Nordtømme, Siv Malm Graduated Master of Technology students - spring semester Sørgjerd, Arve Julian Master of Science Program in Light Metals Production Autumn semester st year Dehghan-Niri, Mohsen (Iran) Desta, Yohannes Addis (Ethiopia) Eilertsen, Tone (Norway) Flosason, Finnur (Iceland) Luyima, Alex (Uganda) Nyankson, Emmanuel (Ghana) 2nd year Agyei-Tuffour, Benjamin (Ghana) Aregawi, Wondowsen Abebe (Ethiopia) Fladerer, Jens (Germany) Senanu, Samuel (Ghana) Tan, Chunming (China) Twum, Eric Barimah (Ghana) Yanney, Michael (Ghana) Graduated Master of Technology students - spring semester Gelaw, Tilahun Kidanemariam (Ethiopia) Bensah, Yaw Delali (Ghana) Damoah, Lucas Nana Wiredu (Ghana) Adegboyega, Nathaniel Femi (Ghana) Balaba, Ronald Sempagama (Uganda) Gaertner, Heiko (Germany) Einarsson, Sigurdur Agust (Iceland) Wang, Zhaohui (China) Foreign guest students at Department of Material Science and Engineering Spring and autumn semester 2007 Augustin, Ayke (Germany) Bai, Elena (Italy) Bailly, Antoine (France) Barras, Mathieu (France) Bartholomeeusen, Evelyn (Germany) Baumann, Sara (Germany) Boekhorst, Lena te (Germany) Debacker, Alice (Belgium) Delaleau, Pierre (France) Dubois, Jean-Baptiste (France) Fegler, Waldemar (Germany) Decker, Sabine (Germany) Felfer, Jens (Germany) Franke, David (Germany) Gay, Damien (France) Grützner (Germany) Heinze, Christoph (Germany) Hofmann, Robert Markus (Germany) Kammerhofer, Christoph (Austria) Kim, Dong-Ho (South Korea) Korak, Julie Ann (USA) Ksiazek, Michal (Poland) Lavall Jambert, Maria (Spain) Lee, Hwa Su (South Corea) Lee, Myoung-Jae (South Corea) Leroy, Delphine (France) Michud, Claire (France) Oliva, Simone (Italy) Pelisset, Segolene (France) Perretta, Daniele (Italy) Regnier, Baptiste (France) Rueda Verano, Maria Jesus (Spain) Salas, Jèrèmy (France) Schmachtel, Sebastian (Germany) Schneider, Sara (Germany) Texier, Guillaume (France) Tilliet, Xavier (France) Tschöpe, Kati (Germany) Vaganov, Danil Valerevich (Russia) Waldenmeier, Katrin (Germany) 46

47 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS PHYSICAL METALLRUGY Name and title Supervisor Examiner Delaleau, Pierre Plastic deformation in ultrafine grained aluminium alloys processed by ECAP-I. Dubois, Jean-Baptiste Plastic deformation in ultrafine grained aluminium alloys processed by ECAP-I. Festervoll, Knut Testing of a joint for composite rods. Professor Hans Jørgen Roven Professor Hans Jørgen Roven Professor Sigurd Stølen, Department of Engineering Design and Materials Examined at ENSMA, France Examined at ENSMA, France Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials Grøtte, Andreas Ballastic testing of welded high strength steels. Professor Jan Ketil Solberg Siv.ing. Bjørn Borchgrevink, Oslo Heinze, Christoph Characterization of low temperature arctic steel and welding simulations. Hermstad, Ole Anders Design and testing of a new prototype of the HYMEN Bonding slide extruder. Hilden, Erik Improvement of the Corrosion models in CorPos-AD through analysis and comparison with field data. Haaland, Bjørnar Øvrum Developments in mechanical and microstructural properties during deformation and annealing of accumulated roll-bonded aluminium alloys. Professor Hans Jørgen Roven Professor Øystein Grong Professor Roy Johnsen, Depart. of Engineering Design and Materials Professor Erik Nes Examined at the TU-Freiberg, Germany Associate professor Hallstein Hemmer, Sør-Trøndelag University College Dr.ing. Håkon Leth-Olsen, Hydro, Porsgrunn Dr.ing. Trond Furu, Hydro, Sunndalsøra Kjøsnes, Rune Christian Recrystallization of UFG aluminium. Professor Hans Jørgen Roven Dr.ing. Trond Furu, Hydro, Sunndalsøra Krog, Kaja Factors controlling the joint strength of cold extruded aluminium alloys. Lerstad, Dag Ola Corrosion behavior of materials. Pulsed plasma nitrided Professor Øystein Grong Professor Jan Ketil Solberg Associate professor Hallstein Hemmer, Sør-Trøndelag University College Dr.ing. Otto Lunder, SINTEF, Trondheim Lillevik, Håkon Forging Characteristics of UFG Aluminium. Professor Hans Jørgen Roven Dr.ing. Trond Furu, Hydro, Sunndalsøra Mo, Troun Stub Improvement of wear resistance in austenittic manganese steels. Ngyuen, Hue Thai Shunting-Microstructure-Grain boundary diffusion (Al) in Si-solar cells. Nygård, Ane Effect of Fe, Si and Mn on recrystallization behaviour and mechanical properties to Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloys. Nygård, Ida Investigation and refurbishment of René 80 gas turbine blades. Professor Jan Ketil Solberg Professor Otto Lohne Professor Knut Marthinsen Professor Jan Ketil Solberg Dr.ing. Ragnar Gjengedal, Corus Packaging, Bergen Dr.ing. Ketill O. Pedersen, SINTEF, Trondheim Dr.ing. Tanja Pettersen, Hydro, Sunndalsøra Siv.ing. Bjørn Borchgrevink, Oslo 47

48 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS Opdahl, Christian In-situ defomation and SEM/EBSD characterisation in supermartensitic stainless steel. Sandbu, Paal Henrik Development of a joint for composite rods. Sjølie, Stian High-pressure die-casting (HPDC): A study on the effect of vacuum in the die cavity on material properties in aluminium-alloys. Skjevrak, Sveinung Road de-icing Alternative methods and their influence on corrosion and impact on brakes. Sørgjerd, Arve Julian Mechanical properties in high strength steel after welding and heat treatment. Westermann, Ida Effect of intermediate annealing on the mechanical properties during rolling of aluminum AA3003mod. Wåsjø, Johanna EBSD characterisation of hydrogen induced cracks in SDSS in situ deformated. Professor Jarle Hjelen Professor Sigurd Støren, Department of Engineering Design and Materials Professor Otto Lohne Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engineering Design and Materials Professor Øystein Grong Professor Erik Nes Professor Jarle Hjelen Professor Tor Oskar Sætre, University of Agder Examined at the Department of Engineering Design and Materials Dr.ing. Haavard Gjestland, Hydro, Porsgrunn Siv.ing. Astrid Bjørgum, SINTEF, Trondheim Dr.ing. Jorun Zahl Albertsen, StatoilHydro, Trondheim Dr.ing. Trond Furu, Hydro, Sunndalsøra Professor Tor Oskar Sætre, University of Agder EXTRACTIVE METALLRUGY Name and title Supervisor Examiner Leroy, Delphine Melting and reduction of manganese ore. Professor Merete Tangstad Dr.ing. Eli Ringdalen, SINTEF, Trondheim Seim, Stian Equilibrium conditions between metal/slag during ilmenite smelting. Vaganov, Danil Investigation of reduction prosess of some Mnsource materials. Professor Leiv Kolbeinsen Professor Merete Tangstad Dr.ing. Gabriella Tranell, SINTEF, Trondheim Dr.ing. Eli Ringdalen, SINTEF, Trondheim INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Name and title Supervisor Examiner Rotan, Magnus Hydrogenpermeable membranes. Professor Tor Grande Dr.ing. Ingeborg, Kaus, SINTEF, Trondheim ELECTROCHEMISTRY Name and title Supervisor Examiner Asbjørnsen, Ingvild The effect of microstructure on hydrogen induced stress cracking (HiSC) of stainless steel. Bjørnsdotter, Marte Oxygen Evolution in Watery Solution - Rehabilitation of Lake Biwa. Dahl, Ole Andreas Red/ox-system for energy storage - kinetic studies. Hognes, Erik Skontorp Life cycle assessment of fuel value chains. Hope, Vigdis Hjertaker Corrosion properties to stainless steels and nickel alloys in seawater. Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engineering Design and Materials Professor Geir Martin Haarberg Associate professor Frode Seland Ph.D. Anders Hammer Strømman, Department of Energy and Process Engineering Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engineering Design and Materials Siv.ing. Stein Olsen, StatoilHydro Fredrik Hertliz, Permascand, Sweden Magnus Skinlo Thomassen, SINTEF, Trondheim Professor Douglas Inman, Imperial College London, United Kingdom Dr.ing. Håkon Leth-Olsen, Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunn 48

49 GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS Karlsen, Rolf Magne Oxygen evolution on dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) in sulphate solutions. Kjos, Ole Sigmund Titanium production by the deox-process in cloride melt. Professor Geir Martin Haarberg Professor Geir Martin Haarberg Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim Stabell, Tone Hansen Catalyss for water electrolysis. Professor Svein Sunde Dr.ing. Magnus Thomassen, SINTEF, Trondheim Syre, Marie Vardenær Electrohemical and photoelectrochemical studies of electrocatalytic oxides. Professor Svein Sunde Egil Rasten, Ineos, Stathelle Tennøe, Andreas Modelling of bipolar plates in PBIFCs. Professor Svein Sunde Dr.ing. Asbjørn Solheim, SINTEF, Trondheim van Vo, Thang Development of materials for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates. Wiig, Kenneth Reduction of tantalum and niobium pentoxides by the deox-process. Østrem, Øyvind Electrochemical formation of aluminium-scandium alloy in molten calcium chloride. Øyen, Anne Road de-icing Effect of different de-icing electrolytes on corrosion of cars. Professor Svein Sunde Professor Geir Martin Haarberg Professor Geir Martin Haarberg Professor Roy Johnsen, Department of Engineering Design and Materials Rune Halseid, StatoiHydro Dr.ing. Ole Edvard Kongstein, SINTEF, Trondheim Professor Douglas Inman, Imperial College London, United Kingdom Siv.ing. Astrid Bjørgum, SINTEF, Trondheim MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMME IN LIGHT METALS PRODUCTION Name and title Supervisor Examiner Adegboyega, Nathaniel Femi Inclusions extraction from metals. Professor Lifeng Zhang Professor Emeritus Thorvald Abel Engh Balaba, Ronald Sempagama Sodium penetration in carbon cathodes during aluminium electrolysis. Bensah, Yaw Dehli Carbon dioxide and air reactivity of petrol coke and the nature and effect of its sulphur compounds. Professor Trygve Foosnæs Professor Trygve Foosnæs Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim Damoah, Lucas Nana Wiredu Purification of aluminium through filtration. Professor Lifeng Zhang Siv.ing. Jorunn Voje, Kristiansand Einarsson, Sigurdur Agust Electro-deoxidation of aluminium oxide in molten CaCl 2 base electrolyte for production of aluminium and aluminium alloys. Professor II Knut Arne Paulsen Professor Emeritus Jomar Thonstad Heiko, Gaertner Anodes for High Productivity Hall-Heroult Cells. Professor Trygve Foosnæs Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, SINTEF, Trondheim Gelaw, Tilahun Kidanemariam Betydningen av BaSO 4 /Ba(OH) 2 /BaO som antifuktningsmiddel i ildfastmaterialer eksponert mot smeltet Al. Wang, Zhaohui Thermo-mechanical models for degradation of sidelining in aluminium electrolysis cells. Professor Kjell Wiik Professor Tor Grande Dr.ing. Bjarte Øye, SINTEF, Trondheim Dr.ing. Eirik Hagen, Hydro Aluminium, Porsgrunn 49

50 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, Honours, Participation in Courses, Conferences, Lectures and Study Visits Shahid Akhtar Course on Simulation Software MaGMA, Helsingør, Denmark, March 12-14, BMS Steel Foundry, Stavanger, Norway, April 24-27, Study visit. NADIA Project, General Assembly Meeting, Oslo, Norway, May 9-10, Seminar in Casting Group, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, September 4-6, NADIA Project, MaGMA GmbH, Aachen, Germany, November 26-30, Technical meeting/discussions. Technical University Prague, Czech Republic, December 14-16, Workshop. Per Anders Eidem INFACON XI, New Delhi, India, February 18-21, Presentation on: Measurement of material resistivity and contact resistance of metallurgical coke. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, June-September, Visited Professor Aibing B. Yu. Mari-Ann Einarsrud Maternity leave until September 1, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Stuttgart, Germany, November 20, Study visit. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, December 14, Opponent for Ph.D. thesis. Arne Espelund 2nd International Conference Archaeometallurgy in Europe 2007, Aquileia, Italy, June 17-21, Lecture on: Direct ironmaking with partial reduction and slag formation as a first step. Røros Copper Works, Røros, Norway, May 8, Course for museum guides. Trygve Foosnæs Sør-Norge Aluminium AS and Boliden Odda AS, Norway, February 5-7, Excursion with 3rd year Materials Science students. Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway, February 14, Excursion with students in Experts in Team. Elkem Thamshavn, Orkanger, Norway, March 14, Excursion with students in Experts in Team. The 136th TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, February 25 - March 1, Lecture on: Chemical stability of pitch-based TiB 2 -C coatings on carbon cathodes. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, March 23 - April 2, Excursion with 3rd year Chemistry students. Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway, April 17, Excursion with 1st year Chemistry students. Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 23, Excursion with course participants in Fundamentals and their application in aluminium production. Sunndalskonferansen 2007, Sunndalsøra, Norway, June 18, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, July 12, Research discussions. Forskningsdagene 2007, Trondheim, Norway, September 28, Demonstration lecture for children. Researchers Night, NTNU, Norway, September 28, Coorganizer and two demonstration lectures. Hydro Aluminium AS, Oslo, Norway, October 8, Research discussions. Orkudagurinn, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, October 11, Lecture on: Research in materials science and engineering at NTNU. University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, October 12 13, day course for BSc and MSc students. Lecture on: Aluminium production by the Hall-Héroult process. Yrkesmessa 2007, Orkanger Community College, Norway, October 18, Three demonstration lectures. Hydro Aluminium AS, Oslo, Norway, November 5, Research discussions. Sundvolden Hotel, Norway, December 5-6, Project meeting with Hydro Aluminium. Tor Grande Tor Grande is the head of the department and he is a board member of NTNU Nanolab. He is currently NTNUs representative in the steering committee in the research consortium FUNMAT between NTNU, UiO, SINTEF and IFE. Board meeting NTNU Nanolab, Trondheim, Norway, April 18 and November 20, Meeting in FUNMAT scientific advisory committee and steering committee meetings, Bergen, Norway, June 7, The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, January 22, Meeting and lecture on: Oksygen permeable membraner - nye muligheter innen miljøvennlig gasseparasjon. NTNU Nanolab, Lerchendal Gård, Trondheim, Norway, March 7, User meeting. 50

51 Extracurricular Activities Department Seminar, Ørlandet, Norway, March 8-9, Lecture on: Velkommen og presentasjon av formålet med seminaret. Strategy Seminar, Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, NTNU, Hell, Norway, May 30-31, NANOMAT Conference 2007, Bergen, Norway, June 5-7, Co-author on two lectures. FUNMAT satellite meeting, June 8, th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society, Berlin, Germany, June 17-21, Coauthor on two lectures. 16th International Conference on Solid State Ionics, Shanghai, China, July 1-7, Lecture on: Oxygen bulk diffusion and surface exchange in Ba x Sr 1-x Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.5) assessed by electrical conductivity relaxation. Co-author on four other lectures and two posters. Project Kick-off meeting, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway, August 31, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, September 21, Co-supervisor Ph.D. thesis defence Rune Søndenå. Seminar - Nyskaping og utvikling av Midt-Norge, Trondheim, Norway, November 21, Project seminar Process Innovations for High Current Density, Sunvollen, Norway, December 5-6, Jarle Hjelen Conference in Mineral Processing, February 6-7, Lecture on: Particle texture analysis in process mineralogy. REC ScanWafer, Glomfjord, Norway, March 26-27, Visit. Raith GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany, May 22-26, Visit. Carl Zeiss SMT, Oberkochen, Germany, May 29-31, Visit. 58th Annual Meeting of the Nordic Microscopy Society (SCANDEM), Espoo, Finland, June 18-20, Invited lecture on: Microstructure characterization of aluminium and steel during in situ thermo-mechanical treatment. Hitachi High-Technologies, Tokyo, Japan, August 6-8, Visit. Jeol, Tokyo, Japan, August 8-10, Visit. FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, August 13-14, Visit. StatoilHydro 1st International Student Conference, Trondheim, Norway, October 9-13, Poster on: In-situ thermomechanical SEM/EBSD investigations of steels. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Administrated the purchase and installation of a high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope, ZEISS ULTRA 55. The equipment was installed in September. Bjørn Holmedal Bjørn Holmedal started his 40% employment as associated professor at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in January, He works 60% as a Research Scientist at CRI-SIMLab, Department of Structural Engineering. The 136th TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, February 25 - March 1, Lecture on: A general microstructural metal plasticity model applied in testing, processing and forming of aluminium alloys. Forskningsdagene 2007, Trondheim, Norway, September 28, CRI-SIMLab stand. Co-organizer of the 9th International Summer School on Aluminium Alloy Technology, Trondheim, Norway, August 20-24, Lecture on: Modelling latent hardening during strain-path changes. Planning and development of an EU 7th FP Research Proposal Innovative multi-scale modelling for value-added recycling-based aluminium alloys (MODAL), coordinated by the European Aluminium Association (EAA). Participation in 4 discussion meetings at EAA main offices in Brussels, Belgium. Referee for Materials Science and Engineering A, Metallurgical Transactions A. Doctor technicae Honoris Causa David Embury Seminar, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, May 31, Lecture on: Low temperature tensile strength of binary AlMn alloys. Presentations at Internal Hydro - NTNU Strategy seminar on Aluminium technology, Bortistu, Oppdal, Norway, October 15-16, Presentations at Internal Hydro - NTNU seminar on constitutive modelling, Trondheim, Norway, November 28, Presentations at CRI SIMLab Seminar, Selbusjøen Hotell og Gjestegård, Selbu, Norway, February 19-20, Geir Martin Haarberg Bo Håkansson Seminar; KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, February 1, The 3rd Workshop on Reactive Metal Processing - Recent Progress of Materials Processing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, March 2-3, Lecture on: Sustainable electrolysis. Kyoto, Otsu and Tokyo, Japan, March 11-18, Study visits and seminar including presentation. Lake Biwa International Seminar, Otsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, March 15, Presentation on: Water electrolysis of Lake Biwa - electrochemical studies. 3rd ULCOS Seminar, Hurtigruten Tromsø Trondheim, Norway, March 25-28, Organising committee. Shenyang (Northeastern University), Xi an (Northwest Institute of Non-Ferrous Materials) and Beijing (University of Science and Technology Beijing and University of Aeronautics and astronautics), China, May 10-22, Study visits. 51

52 Extracurricular Activities 11th World Conference on Titanium and study visits; Kyoto, Tokyo, Japan, June 2-10, Foxy project meeting and presentation; Malaga, Spain, June 25-27, Molten Salts Discussion Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom, July 11-12, Lecture and abstracts proceedings: Solar grade silicon by electrorefining in molten salts. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, July 8-16, Study visit and conference. International Society of Electrochemistry, 58th Annual Meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 9-14, Presentation on and abstracts proceedings: Water electrolysis to supply dissolved oxygen to freshwater lakes. ULCOS project meeting; Metz, France, September 26-29, NIST, Gaithersburg, USA, October 18-27, Study visit. Shanghai (Jiaotong University Shanghai and GE Shanghai), China, November 3-11, Workshop and study visit including presentations. TU Delft, The Netherlands, November 21-23, Study visit and presentation. KIFEE Symposium, Otsu, Japan, December 4-7, Organising and presentations. 2nd International workshop on Science and Technology of Crystalline Si Solar Cells, Xiamen, China, December 9-13, Presentation and extended abstracts proceedings: Electrochemical refining of silicon in molten salts. Zhihong Jia 9th International Summer School of Aluminium Alloy Technology: Thermo-Mechanical Processing & Formingmulti-scale approaches, Trondheim, Norway, August 20-24, Hydro Aluminium, Sunndalsøra, Norway, September 21, Lecture on: Studies of A356 + X cast alloys. 212th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Washington, USA, October 7-12, Presentation on: Role of magnesium on anodic activation of aluminium alloys caused by segregation of trace element lead. Morten Sundheim Jensen 10th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society, Berlin, Germany, June 17-21, Lecture on: Hot pressing of TiB 2. Morten Karlsen Seminar Norsk Metallografisk Forening, Stavanger, Norway, May 30-31, Lecture on: In-situ characterisation of steels using SEM/EBSD. StatoilHydro 1st International Student Conference, Trondheim, Norway, October 9-13, Poster on: In-situ thermomechanical SEM/EBSD investigations of steels. Stainless Steel World Conference and Exhibition 2007, Maastricht, The Netherlands, November 6-8, Poster on: Deformation-induced phase transformations in supermartensitic stainless steels. Rannveig Kvande Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands, May 2 - July 13, Lecture on: Collaboration on processing and characterization of solar cells. Workshop on Defects and Defect Engineering in Crystalline Silicon for Solar Cells, Trondheim, Norway, June 12-14, nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Milano, Italy, September 3-7, Poster session and discussions. REC Scanwafer, Herøya, Norway, October 12, Lecture on: Main results obtained during my PhD work. Course in characterization of silicon for use in solar cells - theory and lab practice, Trondheim, Norway, November 21-22, Lecture on: Crystallisation of multicrystalline silicon and method for measuring resistivity. Project meeting, Silicon - Cost Reduction, Trondheim, Norway, December 12, Lecture on: Directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon - main results. Tore Larsen 18th Oilfield Chemistry Symposium, Geilo, Norway, March 25-28, Lecture on: A novel method to measure the kinetics of CaCO 3 scale formation during core flooding and its impact on the permeability-porosity relationship. Hilde Lea Lein 2nd NTNU NanoLab User Meeting, Lerchendal Gård, Trondheim, Norway, March 7, Lecture on: Asymmetric proton and oxygen conducting oxide membranes and fuel cells. NANOMAT Conference 2007, FOET satellite meeting, Bergen, Norway, June 8, Lecture on: Membranes and fuel cells based on proton conducting oxide materials. The 16th International Conference on Solid State Ionics (SSI- 16), Shanghai, China, July 1-6, Lecture on: Membranes and fuel cells based on proton conducting oxide materials. Excursion to Copenhagen with the course TMT4145 Ceramic engineering, November 1-2, Visiting Risø National Laboratory and Haldor Topsø, Demnark. AIST-meeting (National Institute of Advanced Indistrial Science and Technology), Osaka, Japan, December 3, International Symposium on Environment, Energy and Materials organized by Kyoto International Forum for Environment and Energy (KIFEE), Otsu, Japan, December 4-7, Lecture on: Membranes and fuel cells based on proton conducting oxide materials. Manping Liu Co-Mentor of Ph.D. student Yongjun Chen from SJTU on Formation mechanisms of ultrafined microstructure of Mg alloys fabricated by cyclic extrusion compression, March March Co-Mentor of Ph.D. student Jinbao Lin from SJTU on Mechanical behavior and strengthening mechanism of ultrafine grained Mg alloys fabricated by severe plastic deformation (SPD), from June

53 Extracurricular Activities The 1st Shanghai International Workshop on Advanced Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications, Shanghai, China, August 1-4, International Symposium on Bulk Nanostructured Materials: from fundamentals to innovations (BNM2007), Ufa, Russia, August 14-18, Presentation on: Structural characterization of HPT-processed Al Mg alloys using highresolution electron microscopy. Symposium Co-Organizer on The Second Chinese Norwegian Symposium on Light Metals, Shanghai, China, November 5-9, Presentation on: Defects and deformation structures in the nanostructured Al-Mg alloys processed by high pressure torsion. Otto Lohne Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, NTNU, Norway, March 26, Presentation on: From quartz to solar cells - research activities at NTNU/ SINTEF related to a fast growing industry. Coin Museum, Kotna Hora, Czech Republic, May 5, Visit and discussions on production of coins in the medieval ages. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU, Norway, May 10, Presentation on: Solar cell research - status and opportunities. Rector and visitors from the Research Council, NTNU, Norway, May 22, Presentation on: Solar cell research - status and opportunities. Herøya, Norway, June Meeting with Hydro on: Solar cell materials. 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Milano, Italy, September 3-7, posters. Exhibition of solar cell materials, Technoport, Trondheim, Norway, October 19-21, Seminar on Solar Cells, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU; Norway, November 21-22, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU; Norway, December 18, Presentation of solar cell activities for the research minister Tora Aasland. Knut Marthinsen Knut Marthinsen is deputy head at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and a member of the Board of Research and Ph.D. education at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU. He is member of the International Committee for the Joint International Conferences on Recrystallization and Grain Growth, and is also Topics coordinator for the Aluminium Alloys session and a member of the Executive Committee for Thermec 2009, Berlin, Germany, August 25-29, Knut Marthinsen is member (NTNU s representative) in the Steering Committee for the BIP NFR projects Nucleation Control for Optimized properties and Defect Engineering for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells. NTNU s Annual meeting, Trondheim, Norway, May 30, Presentation of Doctor Technicae Honoris Causa Professor Emeritus David John Embury. Co-organized together with Dr. Marianne Videm, an honorary seminar for Doctor Technicae Honoris Causa Prof.essor Emeritus David John Embury, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, May 31, Rex&GG III, The 3rd International Conference Recrystallization and Grain Growth, Jeju Island, Korea, June 10-14, Invited lecture on: In-situ x-ray synchrotron investigations of the development of recrystallized surface region grains in extruded aluminium profiles. Workshop on Electronic Structure and Functionality of Thermoelectric Materials, Nordica Hotel, Reykjavik, Iceland, July 30 - August 1, Co-organizer of the 9th International Summer School on Aluminium Alloy Technology, Trondheim, Norway, August 20-24, Lecture on: Evolution of microstructure and properties during thermo-mechanical processing of Al-alloys - integration of ALFLOW with other microstructure models and FEM in through process modelling of extrusion. Planning and development of an EU 7th FP Research Proposal Innovative multi-scale modelling for value-added recycling-based aluminium alloys (MODAL), coordinated by the European Aluminium Association (EAA). Participation in 4 discussion meetings at EAA main offices in Brussels, Belgium. The 2nd Chinese-Norwegian symposium on Light Metals, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, November 5-7, Invited lecture on: Modelling the evolution of microstructure and texture during thermo-mechanical processing of aluminium alloys. Project meeting in BIP NFR project Nucleation Control for Optimized properties, Hydro Aluminium Sunndalsøra, November 14-15, Including a dedicated Atom Probe seminar. Referee for several renowned international journals with a peer review system. Kemal Nisancioglu Sabbatical leave, August 15, August 15, Visiting Professor, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Turkey. Workshop on Surface Science and Corrosion of Aluminium Alloys, Chamonix, France, February 24 - March 3, th Nordic Corrosion Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 13-15, Scientific Board Member and Co-author of presentations entitled: In situ X-ray microtomography studies of intergranular corrosion in a model 6000-series aluminium alloy and Anodic activation of aluminium by trace element tin. Sustainable Aluminium Surface Applications (SALSA), European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium, June 25, 26 and November 22, Meetings for organizing a EUREKA project. European Federation of Chemical Engineers, Working Party in Electrochemical Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, September 3, Meeting as Norwegian member. 53

54 Extracurricular Activities 212th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Washington, USA, October Co-author of papers entitled: Measurement and interpretation of oxygen diffusion and surface exchange data for La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-d, Role of magnesium on anodic activation of aluminum alloys caused by segregation of trace element lead, Multilayer corrosion of aluminum activated by lead and In situ X-ray microtomography study of intergranular corrosion in a 6000-series aluminum alloy. 2nd Chinese-Norwegian Symposium on Light Metals, November 5-9, Shanghai. Paper presented: Corrosion and surface science of aluminium alloys: past, present and future. Lars-Erik Owe 3rd KIFEE Symposium, Utsu, Japan, December 4-7, Lecture on: Degradation of mixed iridium ruthenium oxide catalysts for water electrolysis. Silje Rodahl SALSA meeting, Brussels, Belgium, June 25-26, Lecture on: Compatibility between organic coating and converted aluminium oxide for improved adhesion. Terkel Rosenqvist 5th International Heavy Minerals Conference (HMC2007), Hluhluwe, South Africa, September 9-14, Ole Kleppa s Symposium, Chicago, USA, October 3, Hans Jørgen Roven Hans Jørgen Roven is deputy head of the Strategic Area Materials at NTNU and responsible for profile area Light Materials. He is professor in physical metallurgy and responsible for the severe plastic deformation (SPD) nanostructuring group at the DMSE. Member of the promoting international research collaboration on bulk nanostructured materials and Head of FORMLAB, the forming, new forming technology and mechanical testing laboratories at the DMSE. Officially appointed Guest professor to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, May, May, Per-reviewer to Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council U.K. (EPSRC), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Italian Research Council (CIVR/CINECA). Referee for Materials Science and Engineering A, Metallurgical Transactions A, International Journal of Materials research, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, Acta Materialia. Organizing Chairman 2nd Chinese-Norwegian Symposium on Light Metals, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, November 5-7, Lecture on: Nanostructuring metals by SPD - technology and commercialization. EU FP7 application consortium meeting, Project: Namexcon, Forschungzentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany, January 22, TMS Annual meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, February, 25 - March 1, Lecture on: Deformation structures, properties and formability of selected UFG aluminium alloys. EU FP7 application consortium meeting, Project: Namexcon, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany, March 13, AluRena meeting 2, Oslo, Norway, March 14, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, March 23-24, Project meetings. Det norske Veritas; Schlumberger; Alstom; Hydro Aluminium Malaysia, Malaysia, March 26-29, NTNU Excursion leader, Materials technology 3rd grade students, visiting. Doctor technicae Honoris Causa David Embury Seminar, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, May 31, Lecture on: Recent findings on nanostructures in aluminium alloys containing magnesium. 4th European Conference on Neutron Scattering, Lund, Sweden, June 26-27, AluRena meeting 3, Oslo, Norway, September 5, Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, September 26-27, Visit. Organizing Internal Hydro - NTNU Strategy seminar on Aluminium technology, Bortistu, Oppdal, Norway, October 15-16, NTNU official delegation, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland, November 25-25, AluRena meeting 4, Oslo, Norway, December 11, Front page illustration of International Journal of Materials Research (formerly: Zeitschrift für Metallkunde), Volum 98 (3), Front page illustration of Advanced Engineering Materials (co-authored Review paper), Volum 9 (7), Espen Andre Rudberg Corrosion and Surface Chemistry Seminar, Chamonix, France, February 27-29, Lecture on: Interpretation of oxygen diffusion and surface exchange data for La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-d. 4th National FUNMAT Meeting, Bergen, Norway, June 8, Lecture on: Oxygen surface exchange and diffusion in strontium-doped lanthanum cobaltite. Inorganic Group Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, June 12, Lecture on: Oxygen surface exchange and diffusion in strontium-doped lanthanum cobaltite. Solid State Ionics 16th Conference, Shanghai, China, July 1-6, Lecture on: Oxygen surface exchange in strontiumdoped lanthanum cobaltite thin membranes. 212th Meeting of the Electrochemistry Society, Washington, USA, October 7-12, Lecture on: Measurement and interpretation of oxygen diffusion and surface exchange data for La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-d. Kjemi II - Colloquium, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 28, Lecture on: Measurement and interpretation of oxygen diffusion and surface exchange data for La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-d. 54

55 Extracurricular Activities Per Martin Rørvik 2nd NTNU Nanolab user meeting, Trondheim, Norway, March 7, Lecture on: Growth of PbTiO 3 nanorods on substrates by hydrothermal method. Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan, September 11 - December 10, Research stay. The 14th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics, Jeju, Korea, October 7-10, Poster on: Template-free hydrothermal synthesis of PbTiO 3 nanorods. KIFEE International Symposium on Environment, Energy and Materials, Otsu, Japan, December 4-7, Lecture on: Template-free hydrothermal synthesis of PbTiO 3 nanorods. Frode Seland Meeting on EU-project FURIM, Svendborg, IRD, Denmark, March 26-27, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, June 11, Member of committee for Ph.D. defence. 58th Annual Meeting of the ISE, Banff, Canada, September 9-14, Lecture on: Oxidation of formic acid at polycrystalline Pt electrodes. Sverre Magnus Selbach 2nd NTNU NanoLab user meeting, Trondheim, Norway, March 7, Lecture on: Multiferroic BiFeO3: synthesis and finite size effects. Jan Ketil Solberg CRI SIMLab Seminar, Selbusjøen Hotell og Gjestegård, Selbu, Norway, February 19-20, Presentation on: Metallography in materials science. REC, Glomfjord, Norway, March 27, Company visit. CRI SIMLab Seminar, Rica Nidelven Hotel, Trondheim, Norway, June 25, Presentation on: Surface strengthening of steel for ballistic protection by diffusion coatings. Workshop in Nanomechanical Testing, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, November 11, Seminar MK-dagene, Nova kinosenter, Trondheim, Norway, November 15-16, Arranged post-qualifying education course in Metallic Alloys, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October and December 3-7, Elkem Bjølvefossen AS, Ålvik, Norway, December 12, Project meeting. Gaute Stokkan Gaute Stokkan started his employment as a Research Scientist at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in January, Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) for Carrier Density Imaging (CDI), unit for minority carrier lifetime measurements, Freiburg, Germany, February 15, Planning of Norad s Prograqmme for Master Studies (NOMA) Master programme in Renewable Energy Systems, Trondheim, Norway, March 19-23, Workshop. Defects and Defect Engineering in Crystalline Silicon for Solar Cells, Trondheim, Norway, June 12-14, Arranged workshop with 21 national and international delegates. 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Milano, Italy, September 3-7, KMB Project Si Cost Reduction Closing seminar, December 12, Presentation on: Characterisation in KMB Si cost reduction - an incomplete overview. Jomar Thonstad TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, February 25 - March 1, Co-authoring paper on: Electrode processes of sulphur species in molten salts. International Society of. Electrochemistry, Annual Meeting, Banff, Canada, September 9-14, Lecture on: Inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis. China International Conference of Aluminium Metallurgy, Beijing, China, October 31 - November 1, Invited lecture on: Are inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis close to a technological breakthrough?. Central South University of Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China, November 4-5, Lecture on: Anode materials. Reidar Tunold 58th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Banff Alberta, Canada, September 9-14, Lecture on: Hydrogen evolution on LaNi5 in alkaline solution, characterization and modeling. World Hydrogen Technologies Convention (WHTC 2007) Montecatini Terme, Italy; November 4-8, Lecture on: Water electrolysis in alkaline solution - use of LaNi5 as hydrogen electrode. Meeting with European Space Agency, Prototech, Bergen, Norway, February 22, Presentation on: Research on fuel cells and hydrogen production by water electrolysis with PEM electrolyte. Fall meeting EU-project FURIM, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, October 8-9, Short presentation on general project activities. Molitech, producer of Li-batteries, Vancouver area, Canada. Visit after the Banff meeting. Reidar Tunold has, with assistance of some other good people, been in charge of and chaired the seminar program in Chemistry Building II, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway, during both semesters in Fride Vullum NanoLab seminar, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, March 7, Co-authored a lecture held by Hilde Lea Lein: Asymmetric proton and oxygen conducting oxide membranes and fuel cells. Introductory course to It s learning, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, June 5, th National FUNMAT meeting, Bergen, Norway, June 8,

56 Extracurricular Activities Lecture on: Oxygen stoichiometry and transport properties of cerium niobate. 16th International Conference on Solid State Ionics, Shanghai, China, July 1-6, Lecture on: Oxygen stoichiometry and transport properties of cerium niobate. Course: Introduction to the use of clean room class 10000, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, August 15, Gas Technology Center PhD-pool seminar, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October 16, Lecture on: Developing materials for solid oxide fuel cells and gas permeable membranes. Kjell Wiik NANOMAT Conference 2007 and satellite meetings, Radisson SAS Hotel Norge, Bergen, Norway, June 5-8, Lecture on: Production of submicron complex oxide powders by spray pyrolysis. Danish Ceramic Society (DAKS), Danish National Research Center, Risø, Roskilde, Denmark, June Thematic meeting on ceramic processing. Invited lecture on: Ceramic processing. The European Ceramic Society Council Meeting, Estrel Hotel, Berlin, Germany, June COST-539, Electroceramics from Nanopowders Produced by Innovative Methods (ELENA), Berlin, Germany, June 17, Management committee meeting. 10th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society, Estrel Covention Center, Berlin, Germany, June 17-21, Participant. Project meeting COIN, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 19, Researchers Night, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, September 28, Poster/stand on: Keramiske materialer, sprø ting med en lovende framtid. Åpen dag Uka, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October 22, Poster/stand on: Keramiske materialer. AIST (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technolgy), Norway Nanotechnology Symposium at Kansai, Senri Life Science Center, Osaka, Japan, December 3, Lecture on: Nanomaterial research at Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU. International Symposium on Environment, Energy and Materials, Organized by Kyoto International Forum for Environment and Energy (KIFEE), Otsu, Lake-Biwa, Japan. December 4-7, Lectures on: From solar cells to fuel cells. Energy and environment related education at The Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Production and characterization of conducting oxides and Summing up from Advanced inorganic materials session. Project meeting COIN, Lillestrøm, Norway, December 14, Lifeng Zhang Lifeng Zhang is a Senior Guest Consultant for Shougang Research Institute of Technology (Shougang Steel, Beijing, China). He is a Key reader (Member of Board of Review) for the journal of Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B. He is also a scientific adviser at SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway. Lifeng Zhang has received the 2007 TMS Young Leader Professional Development Award. Award winners have been selected from each of the five TMS technical divisions to attend TMS conferences. Invited nominator for the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2007 and 2008 (one of the 1000 nominators in the whole world). Nominated to be listed in Marquis Who s Who in Science and Engineering every year since Invited to be listed in Marquis Who s Who of Emerging Leaders. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA. Awarded as a visiting professor since June 1, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, China. Awarded as a guest professor since October 31, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, China. Awarded as a guest professor since November 30, Research projects in 2007: Arrangement: The 2nd Chinese- Norwegian Seminar on Light Metals (Shanghai), Inclusion removal from solar cell silicon scrap through filtration, Initiating a consortium of refining and recycling of metals (CRM), RIRA: Remelting and inclusion refining of aluminum, Recycling of electronic scrap, R 2 M-CUCN: Multi-lateral cooperation in the field of refining and recycling of metals involving Canada, USA, China and Norway, Designing of aluminum launder system through CFD simulation. A new way to produce coated porous filter for aluminum filtration process, Water modelling on the fluid flow-related phenomena in aluminum electrolysis cell, Purification of aluminum through coated porous filter and Investigation on the oxidation layer on the top of molten aluminum. TMS 2007 Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, February 25 March 1, Presentations on: Designing the launder system during aluminum refining and casting process through CDF simulation, Non-metallic inclusions in metals: from nanometer to milimeter and Fundamentals of inclusion removal from molten metal through gas bubbling. AISTech 2007, Indianapolis, USA, May 7-10, Presentation on: Investigation on nozzle clogging during steel billet continuous casting process. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, May 11-14, Host researcher: Professor Brian G. Thomas. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mello University, Pittsburgh, USA, May 15-16, Host researcher: Professor Richard J. Fruhan. Presentation on: Inclusions in metals. International Conference on Clean Steel 2007, Hungary, June 4, Presentation on: Inclusions, lining materials and nozzle clogging during middle carbon steel billet continuous casting process. 56

57 Extracurricular Activities European Metallurgical Conference 2007, Düsseldorf, Germany, June 12, Presentation on: Removal of nonmetallic inclusions from molten aluminum. METEC InSteelCon2007: The 3rd International Conference on New Developments in Metallurgical Process Technologies, Düsseldorf, Germany, June 14, Presentation on: Steel cleanliness control during continuous casting process DEMS (Department of Engineering and Materials Science) Conference of Evaluation Panels of NSFC (National Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China, July 24-25, Presentation on: Refining and recycling of metals. R 07 World Congress: Recovery of Materials and Energy for Resource Efficiency, Davos, Switzerland, September 3-5, Presentation on: Recycling of aluminum scraps. Laboratory of Metallurgy, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, September 6-8, Host professor: Lauri Holappa. EUROMAT European Congress on Advanced Materials and Processes, Nürnberg, Germany, September 10-13, Presentation on: Dross formation on the top of the molten aluminum. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, September 13-15, Host researcher: Professor Shichen Du. RIRA project meeting, Radisson SAS Airport Hotel, Gardemoen, Norway, October 17-18, The Second Chinese-Norwegian Seminar on Light Metals, Shanghai, China, November 5-9, Presentation on: Refining and recycling of aluminum. Baosteel Research Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China, November 14, Presentation on: Investigation on nozzle clogging during steel billet continuous casting process. World Recycling Forum Shanghai 07, International Conference & Exhibition on Electronics, Car & Battery Recycling, Hotel Shangri-La, Pudong, Shanghai, China, November 13-16, Presentation on: State of the art in the recycling of automobile tires. RIRA project meeting, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway, November 18-19, Terje Østvold Terje Østvold is a member of the TEKNA Oil field chemistry symposium board. Meetings in Oslo, Norway, May 29, Project and board meetings related to Sand Stabilisation and Water Proofing of Tunnels. This project is operated by the spin-off company Impermeable AS where Terje Østvold is the manager. Project meetings, Radcon Scandinavia, Oslo, Norway, February 9-12, March 1-4, May 19-20, August 16-19, September 8-9, October and December 27-30, 2007 at. Board meetings, Trondheim, Norway, February 14 and April 17, Flow Assurance - Current Strategies vs. New Challenges, Langkawi, Malaysia, January 28-31, Study visit and SPE Applied Technology Workshop. Paper on: Scale prediction with emphasis on the carbonate problem. Study visit to Italy, Rome, Italy, September 26-28, Establishing of research contacts at Radcon Italia and Kerakoll Italia. Study visit to ICE/HT-FORTH and University of Patras, Patras, Greece, January 5-13, May 31 - July 8 and October 1-9, Guidance of 4 Ph.D. students and 1 Post Doctor at Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras. Statoil, Trondheim, Norway, Cooperation with SINTEF Petroleum Research. May 25, August 10, August 27, August 31, October 24, October 31 and December 12, Project meetings and reporting. A series of meetings during the year at Statoil, Rotvoll and Stjørdal. 18th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium, Geilo, Norway, March 23-28, Member of committee and session Chairman. Course on Mineral Scale Prediction, March 25, Papers on: A novel method to measure the kinetics of CaCO3 scale formation during core flooding and its impact on the permeability-porosity relationship and Visualization of CaCO 3 scale formation in 2D model pore networks. International MultiScale Course, Petrotech ASA, Haugesund, Norway, September 3-6, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 2-11, Study visit and consulting with the oil and gas research institution Petrobras. Courses on: Mineral scale prediction and evaluation of new gas field developments with respect to the possible scale problems that could occur when these fields are starting production. Study visit to oil and gas industry and research institutions, Argentina, November 11 - December 2, Meetings with Celta industrias, Dir. Carlos Luengo in Buenos Aires, November 12-13, Meetings and MultiScale course with Petrobras in Neuquen, November 14-16, Meeting with Radcon Italia and Kerakoll, Bologna/Modena, Italy, December 12-14, Harald A. Øye Harald A. Øye is chairman of the technical committee ISO/TC 226 (Materials for the Production of Primary Aluminium). He is member of the Scientific Board for the company Metalysis, Rotherham, United Kingdom. 136th TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, February 25 - March 1, The Norwegian Academy of Technical Sciences, Oslo, Norway, March 7, Industrial council meeting. RUSAL, Sayanogorsk and Krasnoyarsk, Russia, March 11-23, Cell autopsy. Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Division, Ekaterinburg, Russia, March 24-27, Lecture on: The power of thermodynamic modelling. Metalysis, Rotherham, United Kingdom, March 29, Scientific board meeting. Chinalco Headquarter, Beijing, China, April 18, Meeting. Guizhou Aluminium, Guiyang, China, April 18-21, Visit. 57

58 Extracurricular Activities Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering School, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China, April 23-25, Lectures on: Fundamentals of aluminium electrolysis, principles and environmental concerns, Carbon and anode materials science, Cathode materials, Cathode construction, ISO standardization work and testing of cathodes and ramming paste, Carbon materials testing at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and SINTEF, How to obtain long-lived cathodes, Spent potlining treatment and 3-D modeling of thermal and sodium expansion in an aluminium reduction cell. CCR copper refinery, Montreal, Canada, August 31, Visit. CEZ zinc refinery, Valleyfield, Canada, August 31, Visit. Tinfos, Oslo, Norway, May 22, Project discussion. Fundamentals of Aluminium Production 2007, Trondheim, Norway, May 21 - June 1, Chairman. 26th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, Trondheim, Norway, June 4-8, Chairman and lectures on: The principles of aluminium electrolysis and How to obtain long-lived cells. Sunndal Aluminium Conference, Norway, June 18, International Association on Transport Properties, Istanbul, Turkey, June 29-30, The 1st International Proficiency Testing Conference, Sinaia, Romania, October 11-13, Member of International Advisory Committee and Invited Lecturer on: How to make suppliers and the primary aluminium industry to work together. Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy of Science, Bucharest, Romania, October 15-16, Lectures on: The power of thermodynamic modeling and Molten salt experimental methodology. In retrospect China International Conference on Aluminium Metallurgy, Beijing, China, November 1-2, Chairman of the International Advisory Committee. Invited lecture on: Cathode failure and cell service life for modern cells. Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering School, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China, November 5, Guest lecture on: Modeling: modeling in general, the power of thermodynamic modeling. 3-D modeling of thermal and sodium expansion in an aluminium reduction cell. IN-SITU Analytics, Hørsholm, Denmark, December 17, 2007, Experimental project. Torjus Åkre Permascand AB, Ljungaverk, Sweden, June 7, Project discussions. NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, July 12, Meeting with Permascand. Toronto, Canada, August 25-26, Short course: Fundamentals and Practice of Copper Electrorefining and Electrowinning. Conference of Metallurgists 2007, Toronto, Canada, August 27-29, Kidd Creek copper refinery, Timmins, Canada, August 30, Visit. 58

59 Notes

60 Annual Report Skipnes kommunikasjon /0408 NTNU Innovation and Creativity The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim represents academic eminence in technology and the natural sciences as well as in other academic disciplines ranging from the social sciences, the arts, medicine, architecture to fine arts. Cross-disciplinary cooperation results in ideas no one else has thought of, and creative solutions that change our daily lives. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway