Quantum Computing in Finance. Colin P. Williams D- Wave Systems Inc.
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1 Quantum Computing in Finance Colin P. Williams D- Wave Systems Inc.
2 Overview Company background Quantum compudng & why it majers Product (D- Wave 2X TM ) Performance Programming ApplicaDons 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 2
3 Company Background Founded in 1999 began surveying field of QC, building IP porsolio, selected quantum annealing ~2004 Premier First Customers Business model quantum computer system sales, professional services, and quantum cloud offering 100+ US patents granted; over 80+ sciendfic papers published; ranked 4 th in patent power by IEEE; in Top 50 Smartest Companies by MIT Technology Review 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 3 Raised over $176M in venture funding since incepdon; sozware ecosystem forming; see copy cat quantum effort appearing
4 What is Quantum Computing? 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 4
5 What are Quantum Computers? Computers that harness quantum physical phenomena not available to convendonal computers Quantum Processor 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 5
6 Quantum Effects SuperposiDon Entanglement Quantum Tunneling 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 6
7 How our Quantum Computer Works Cast problem as a energy landscape s.t. opdmal soludon is locadon of lowest point Classical algorithms can only walk over this landscape Quantum annealing uses quantum effects to go through the hills 2015 DD- Wave - Wave SSystems ystems IInc. nc. AAll ll RRights ights RReserved eserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 7 7
8 Why Quantum Computing Matters CLASSICAL Time to SoluDon Most important problems QUANTUM Problem Complexity / # of Variables 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 8
9 Our Product 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 9
10 D- Wave 2X TM System Overview 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 10
11 1,000- Qubit Washington Processor 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 11
12 Our Superconducting Flux Qubits 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 12
13 Processor Architecture: Network of Binary Units Physical Layout Logical Layout Physical Unit Cell Logical Unit Cell Wiring layout array of 8- qubit unit cells Within each unit cell each verdcal qubit is coupled to each horizontal qubit VerDcal (horizontal) qubit coupled to corresponding qubit in verdcal (horizontal) neighboring cells Non- planarity of interconnect network makes the problem of finding the lowest energy state of the qubits NP- hard Processor interconnect topology ConnecDvity within a unit cell 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal NP- Hardness guarantees you can map many pracdcal problems to the architecture
14 Programming 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 14
15 How do you Program the D- Wave 2X? ComputaDonal Problem to Solve Goal: Find a configuradon of qubits that minimize or nearly minimize your objecdve funcdon Map it to an Equivalent Ising Problem Load Ising Problem in Quantum Processor Graph Run Quantum Annealing Read Out a Spin- configuradon having Low Energy Map Spin- ConfiguraDon to Equivalent OpDmal, or Near- OpDmal, Bit String Store Bit- String SoluDon & Repeat Local Biases Couplings Retain Best SoluDon (OPTIMIZATION) Retain all SoluDons (SAMPLING) 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 15
16 Applications 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 16
17 Applications Discrete OpDmizaDon Constraint SaDsfacDon Discrete Sampling Machine Learning Quantum Research Scheduling LogisScs Graph Coloring Factoring Monte Carlo Financial Modeling Structured PredicSon Boltzmann Error Machines CorrecSon Complexity Scaling Planning Diagnosis EsSmaSng Number of SoluSons Deep Learning Impact of Interconnect Topology OpDmizaDon Sampling 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 17
18 Performance 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 18
19 D- Wave 2X TM Optimization Results RANr: set all h i = 0; set J ij [ r,r] \ {0} t total = t program + R (t anneal + t readout ) 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 19
20 D- Wave 2X TM Sampling Results Quantum Classical Fat Tree #1 Classical Fat Tree #2 Classical Selby Classical SA #1 Classical SA #2 Energies of Samples Returned Best sample so far 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 20
21 Increasing Performance at Near Constant Power D- Wave System Power, ~15.5kW Classical Power Classical Performance D- Wave Processor Performance Washington Vesuvius Rainier D- Wave Processor Power, ~0.1 μw Source: hjp:// the- death- of- cpu- scaling- from- one- core- to- many- and- why- were- sdll- stuck 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 21
22 Technology is Scaling Up Quickly 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 22 22
23 Conclusions We offer 1 st commercial quantum computer Best suited for discrete opdmizadon, sampling, A.I., machine learning, constraint sadsfacdon, deep learning Current customers modvated by potendal for gaining compeddve advantage by using quantum compudng & acquiring IP on low- hanging fruit No roadblocks to larger processors 2015 D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 23
24 Thank you! D- Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 24
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