The Modern Nordic Dairy Farm
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- Betty Christal Mosley
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1 The Modern Nordic Dairy Farm Olav Østerås Section manager Health and Animal Welfare TINE Advisory Service Manager Norwegian Cattle Health Services
2 Milk Producers in The Nordic Countries NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 2
3 Reduction of The Number of Milk Producers From 1993 to years (1/2 working career) Denmark from 15,100 to 3, % Finland from 33,700 to 10, % Norway from 26,300 to 10, % Sweden from 18,300 to 5, % Iceland from 1,388 to % All Nordic countries from 97,500 to 30, % NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 3
4 The Number of Dairy Cows
5 Reduction of The Number of Dairy Cows From 1993 to years (1/2 working career) Denmark from 717,000 to 579, % Finland from 413,000 to 280, % Norway from 344,000 to 239, % Sweden from 490,000 to 346, % Iceland from 30,000 to 26, % All Nordic countries from 1,990,000 to 1,470, % NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 5
6 Herd Size in The Nordic Countries NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 6
7 Increased Milk Production per Cow-Year
8 Increased Milk Production per Cow-Year From 1993 to years (1/2 working career) Denmark from 6,891 to 9, % Finland from 6,707 to 9, % Norway from 6,313 to 7, % Sweden from 7,740 to 9, % Iceland from 4,244 to 5, % All Nordic countries from 6,379 to 8, % NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 8
9 Total Milk Production in The Countries 5.5 mill 9.1 mill 5.4 mill 5.0 mill 0.3 mill
10 The Total Milk Production in million liters From 1993 to years (1/2 working career) Denmark from 4,450 to 4, % Finland from 2,264 to 2,190-3 % Norway from 1,780 to 1, % Sweden from 3,287 to 2, % Iceland from 100 to % All Nordic countries from 11,881 to 11,540-3 % NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 10
11 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 11
12 Proportion of Milk Producers having AMS Denmark 22 % Sweden 22 % Iceland 17 % Norway 12 % Finland 7 % All Nordic countries 3,800 to 4,000 out of 30, to 13 %
13 Course: Vidensenteret, Jörgen Katholm Boxes of AMS i Nordic Countries in Number = appr. Number og boxes per AMS farm
14 How Much Milk in Produced via AMS? Figures from Norway 2011: 35 % of all stalls are free-stalls (increasing due to animal welfare regulation new tie-stalls are forbidden since 2004) 50 % of cows are in free-stalls 40 % of free-stalls have an AMS 50 % of the cows in free-stalls are milked with AMS Means that 25 % (soon 33 %) of all cows are milked with AMS
15 The Driving Force for This Development In Norway at least: Pressure on Animal Welfare (new regulations) Example: Soft bedding mandatory from 2006 New tie-stalls forbidden from 2004 All cows in free-stalls from 2024 (eventually2034) All cows at least 8 weeks on pasture from 2013 (moved to 2014) New building are costly Labor is expensive Costs are oil-driven Quota for sales from 2002
16 Næss, 2011) BUILDING COSTS (44 barns)
17 305 days accumulated milk yield Free-stalls Tie-stalls Simensen et al., 2010 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 17
18 Cost example Building cost are cheaper per barn up to 1000 m m 2 compares to appr. 50 dairy cows, means cheaper stalls for barns > 50 cows In Norway hard to find roughage to > 100 cows (transportation costs) With AMS you save 300,000 NOK in building costs If you save one man-power each years it means ,000 NOK yearly Cost of one AMS appr. 1,000,000 NOK Increased milk production by 360 kg milk. With 60 cows this means 21,600 kg at NOK 2.80 = 60,500 NOK
19 The Importance of The Free-Stall Construction NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 19
20 The Free-Stall Critical meassures for cleanlyness in stalls, cows, milk quality and cell count
21 AMS (3,955 lactations) AMS increases 305 days milk yield by 360 kg BUT, Not in 1 st parity!!
22 MILKING Animal movements very important: Animals in and out Sorting of animals to special needs sections Milking stall or AMS/VMS is the wheel in the free-stall and have to be planned and placed with care Must have a relation to cow movements to: Calving area Cows having calved Drying off and dry period Insemination Pregnancy testing Treatment area (disease) Claw trimming area
23 Control of Transport Mechanism for Infectious Agents Active Cows and other calves Trading live animals Import restrictions (The Danes!!!) Passive Personal movements Hygiene Buying Equipements NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 13th May
24 Production impact from Corona-virus Produksjonstap pga Corona-epid. Late impact? time diarea infected 24 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
25 25...
26 The importance of diagnostics! Is it OK to supplement Selenium or vitamin E without knowing the cows really need it? Is it OK to give vaccination without have the diagnosics in place beforehand? (BRSV, Mastitis (coli and others),)? Is it OK to continue to treat cows for mastitis without knowing that you are on to a Str.agalactiae herd, or a Mycoplasma herd? Etc., etc.
27 Are also included???: Paratb? Salmonella? Mycoplasma bovis? Etc. NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 13th May
28 28...
29 29...
30 30...
31 31...
32 Helse i små og store fjøs (2011) årskyr (n=2265) Melk 6832 pr årsku Celletall Cell_200 20,5 % Cell nye 55,0 % Varighet 4,48 mnd Mastitt alv./mod 23,3 Mild mastitt 10,3 Alle mastitter 24,5 Øre pr liter 12,8 FS-tall 58,1 Ketose 3,8 Melkefeber 4,0 Repro.sjukd 7,7 Kalvesjukd. 3,2 Klauvsjd 40 % Sjuk tot 90,8 Dyr sjuke 63,2 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 13th May > 50 årskyr (n=502) Melk 7679 pr årsku Celletall Cell_200 21,2 % Cell nye 53,6 % Varighet 4,76 mnd Mastitt alv./mod 14,7 Mild mastitt 4.4 Alle mastitt 15,0 Øre pr liter 11,0 FS-tall 69,2 Ketose 0.5 Melkfeber 3,6 Repro.sjuk 6,2 Kalvesjukd 8,1 Klauvsjukd 70 % Sjuk tot 76,8 Dyr sjuke 56,5
33 Helse i AMS og ikke > 50 årskyr (2011) Ikke AMS (n=185) Melk 7414 pr årsku Levert 6761 liter pr årku Lev % 91,2 % Uttotalt 44,5 % Utceller 6,2% Spenetråkk 0,42 % Celletall Cell_200 21,9 % Cell nye 53,1 % Varighet 4,96 mnd Mastitt alv./mod 16,6 Alle mastitter 16,9 Øre pr liter 11,7 FS-tall 67,9 Ketose 0,9 Melkefeber 7,0 Repro.sjukd 6,3 Kalvesjukd. 6,4 Sjuk tot 74,5 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 13th May AMS (n=319) Melk 7851 pr årsku Levert 7125 liter pr årsku Lev % 90,8 % Uttotalt 45,4 % Utceller 5,4% Spenetråkk 0,28 % Celletall Cell_200 20,9 % Cell nye 53,7 % Varighet 4,66 mnd Mastitt alv./mod 13,6 Alle mastitt 13,8 Øre pr liter 10,7 FS-tall 69,9 Ketose 0.7 Melkfeber 8,0 Repro.sjuk 6,3 Kalvesjukd 9,0 Sjuk tot 78,4
34 Main principle in prevention Tertiary Environmental action Secundary Increased diagnostics Treatment systems Vaccination Primary Treatment during crisis Hidden signals - Modern vet - Large herds - Business advice - Production management: Mastitis, reproduction calves, claw, culling Production reduction Disease Death Catastrophs - Traditional vet duties - Are called to save the rests during crisis! 34 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
35 NKVet 20 Symposium, Reykjavik 13th 20 May
36 Mastitis dynamics (example) 18 %= 47 % * 5,0 months 28 %= 64 % * 5,7 months 49 %= 110 % * 3,0 months Inflammation level = New inflamm.* Duration Environment Treatment or culling 36 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
37 70 Inflammation level according to loss NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
38 180 New inflammation incidence according to loss NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
39 10 Duration sorted according to loss NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
40 40 CMSCC > 200,000 equal % (med low %) Strategic solution: correct environment Strategic solution: Treat/cull
41 Development mastitis loss BuskapsmiddelØrePrLiter Grense 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 41 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
42 Example from a AMS herd (new inflammation) NyinfeksjonsnivåJur Grense 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,00 42 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
43 Utvelgelse av kyr til selektiv sinbehandling Geometrisk middel < siste tre kucelletall, > klinisk mastitt i laktasjonen OK, ingen behandling Bakt. prøve 1 måned før avsining Negativ KNS, St.uberis Staph.aureus/Str.dysgalactiae OK, ingen behandling OK, oppfølging? Ny sjanse Kucelletall < Kucelletall > Sintidsterapi, kode 310 Utrangering på helsekortet! 43 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
44 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 13th May
45 Clinical mastitis in the Nordic countries
46 What is true mastitis incidence in 2008??? NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 46
47 Dry cow therapy - very different NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 47
48 BMSCC in Nordic countries NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 48
49 Str.agalactiae from subclinical mastitis NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 49
50 NOR 17 %
51 Bakterilogy from clinical cases NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 51
52 AMS vs. Convent. and bacteriology mastitis Subc. S.agalactiae increased OR =3.87 ( ) Subc. S.dysgalactiae increased OR = 1.23 ( ) Subc. S.uberis decreased OR = 0.47 ( ) Subc. S.aureus decreased OR = 0.66 ( ) Subc. CNS decreased OR = 0.93 ( ) Subc. Cor.bovis OR = 0.95 ( ) Subc. Cor spp. OR = 0.77 ( ) This is reflected in the population as such NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 52
53 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 53
54 Kg mjølk Management key points? 3. laktasjon Slaughter when? 30 Feeding separation T ie-stall 20 co ws F ree-stall 20 co ws T ie-stall 50 co ws F ree-stall 50 co ws Feeding Separate pen Dager i laktasjon) Feeding Maternity pen Insemination Increased feeding Eventualy control sample Bact sample Event. DCT Period for sexual health control Periode for pregnasy testl 54 NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik
55 o u t p u t inp ut Fôr Opptak - grovf. - kraftf Analyser Alarmliste Akutt sjukdom Teknikk Tekniske obs Daglige målinger Observasjoner Tekniske feil Mjølk kg og tid Hold Service Kukontrollen In-line målinger Sjukdom Vann, energi individ-numre Misslykkede mj. Brunst Reingjøring Ytelseskontroll Aktivitet Drektighet Kjøling - celletal Vekt - fett, protein Atferd Reproduksjon Sjukdom Avl/ genetikk Production managment Obs! Mj. interval Foroptag Brunst Sjukdomsobs. Styringslister Lakt. kurver - jurinf. - ketose - klauver/ bein - annet Mjølkekvalitet Celler Sporer Energi Vann Miljø NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 55 Velferd Rapport Økonomi Fôr Fôreffektivitet Utrangering Innkjøp Friskhet
56 Conclusion The modern Nordic Dairy farm Free-stall with AMS or larger free-stall (DK and SE) Animal welfare is important High production with good quality milk High degree of recording system (all included) Breeding for health treats. Restricted use of antimicrobials High degree of disease prevention (Salmonella, paratb, BVDV, Mycoplasma bovis, etc.) Free of several serious diseases (Tb, IBR/IPV, BLV, BVDV) Next to be attacked? (Corona, BRSV, Neospora etc.) Integrated highly sophisticated management systems including animal recording systems
57 In larger herds you have to: Know where you are (survey, diagnostics) Know the landscape and the connections (epidemiology) Know how to go through (tools, web-based information) Gather knowledge and necessary resources (humans) Set goals and train = and you will succeed NKVet Symposium, Reykjavik 13th May
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