Dictionary (catálogo)

Transcription

1 Catálogo Oracle

2 Catálogo Esquema: un conjunto de estructuras de datos lógicas (objetos del esquema), propiedad de un usuario Un esquema contiene, entre otros, los objetos siguientes: tablas vistas índices secuencias disparadores sinónimos clusters Referenciar un nombre de un objeto del esquema: user1.tabla1 El catálogo de Oracle: diccionario de datos (tablas base y vistas) Los usuarios acceden a las vistas del catálogo: USER Lo que el usuario ha creado, o sea, lo que está en su esquema. ALL A lo que el usuario tiene acceso, esto es, lo que ha creado y a lo que le han otorgado acceso. DBA A lo que el DBA puede acceder, (a lo que todos los usuarios pueden acceder).

3 Dictionary (catálogo) Vista DICTIONARY (sinónimo DICT) Nombre Nulo? Tipo TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) COMMENTS VARCHAR2(4000)

4 Objects {DBA ALL USER}_OBJECTS (Vista) selección de algunas columnas OWNER VARCHAR2(128) Owner of the OBJECTS definition. OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Name associated with the OBJECTS definition. OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(128) Type of the object: TABLE, VIEW, INDEX, SEQUENCE, SYNONYM. CREATED DATE Timestamp for the creation of the OBJECTS. STATUS VARCHAR2(128) Status of the OBJECTS: VALID, INVALID, or N/A (always valid).

5 Catalog {DBA ALL USER}_CATALOG (Vista) OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the INDEX, TABLE, CLUSTER, VIEW, SYNONYM, SEQUENCE TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the INDEX, TABLE, CLUSTER, VIEW, SYNONYM, SEQUENCE TABLE_TYPE VARCHAR2(11) Type of the INDEX, TABLE, CLUSTER, VIEW, SYNONYM, SEQUENCE

6 Tables {DBA ALL USER}_TABLES (vista) Selección de algunas columnas OWNER TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(128) User name of the owner of the table. VARCHAR2(128) Name of the table. TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Name of the tablespace. CLUSTER_NAME* VARCHAR2(128) Name of the cluster, if any, to which the table belongs. PCT_FREE* NUMBER(10) Minimum percentage of free space in a block. PCT_USED* NUMBER(10) Minimum percentage of used space in a block. INI_TRANS* NUMBER(10) Initial number of transactions. MAX_TRANS* NUMBER(10) Maximum number of transactions. INITIAL_EXTENT* NUMBER(10) Size of the initial extent in bytes. NEXT_EXTENT* NUMBER(10) Size of secondary extents in bytes. MIN_EXTENTS* NUMBER(10) Minimum number of extents allowed in the segment. MAX_EXTENTS* NUMBER(10) Maximum number of extents allowed in the segment. PCT_INCREASE* NUMBER(10) Percentage increase in extent size. BACKED_UP* VARCHAR2(1) If the table was backed up since last change. NUM_ROWS* NUMBER(10) Number of rows in the table. BLOCKS* NUMBER(10) Number of data blocks allocated to the table. EMPTY_BLOCKS* NUMBER(10) Number of data blocks allocated to the table that contain no data. AVG_SPACE* NUMBER(10) Average amount of free space (in bytes) in a data block allocated to the table. AVG_ROW_LEN* NUMBER(10) Average length of a row in the table in bytes.

7 Columnas {DBA ALL USER}_TAB_COLUMNS (vista) Selección de algunas columnas OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the table, view, or cluster TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the table, view, or cluster COLUMN_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Column name DATA_TYPE VARCHAR2(106) Datatype of the column DATA_TYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the datatype of the column DATA_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the column (in bytes) DATA_PRECISION NUMBER Decimal precision for NUMBER datatype; binary precision for FLOAT datatype, null for all other datatypes DATA_SCALE NUMBER Digits to right of decimal point in a number NULLABLE VARCHAR2(1) Specifies whether a column allows NULLs. Value is N if there is a NOT NULL constraint on the column or if the column is part of a PRIMARY KEY. The constraint should be in an ENABLE VALIDATE state......

8 Tables TABS sinónimo de USER_TABLES select object_name, object_type from all_objects where object_name='tabs'; OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE TABS SYNONYM TAB vista (con nuestras tablas también) TNAME VARCHAR2(30) TABTYPE VARCHAR2(7) CLUSTERID NUMBER

9 Views {DBA ALL USER}_VIEWS (vista) Selección de algunas columnas OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the view VIEW_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the view TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the view text TEXT LONG View text TYPE_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the type clause of the typed view TYPE_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000) Type clause of the typed view OID_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the WITH OID clause of the typed view OID_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000) WITH OID clause of the typed view VIEW_TYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the type of the view if the view is a typed view VIEW_TYPE VARCHAR2(30) Type of the view if the view is a typed view SUPERVIEW_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the superview El SQLPLUS sólo deja ver unos pocos caracteres de la columna tipo LONG, para ver más: SET LONG 300 (por ejemplo)

10 Índices {DBA ALL USER}_INDEXES (vista) Selección de columnas OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the index INDEX_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the index INDEX_TYPE VARCHAR2(27) Type of the index: TABLE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the indexed object TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the indexed object TABLE_TYPE CHAR(5) Type of the indexed object (for example, TABLE, CLUSTER) UNIQUENESS VARCHAR2(9) Indicates whether the index is UNIQUE or NONUNIQUE COMPRESSION VARCHAR2(8) Indicates whether index compression is enabled (ENABLED) or not (DISABLED).

11 Restricciones {DBA ALL USER}_CONSTRAINTS (vista) Selección de columnas OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the constraint definition CONSTRAINT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the constraint definition CONSTRAINT_TYPE VARCHAR2(1) Type of constraint definition: C (check constraint on a table) P (primary key) U (unique key) R (referential integrity) V (with check option, on a view) O (with read only, on a view) TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name associated with the table (or view) with constraint definition SEARCH_CONDITION LONG Text of search condition for a check constraint DEFERRABLE VARCHAR2(14) Indicates whether the constraint is deferrable (DEFERRABLE) or not (NOT DEFERRABLE) DEFERRED VARCHAR2(9) Indicates whether the constraint was initially deferred (DEFERRED) or not (IMMEDIATE) STATUS VARCHAR2(9) Enforcement status of constraint (ENABLED or DISABLED) VALIDATED VARCHAR2(13) Whether all data obeys the constraint (VALIDATED or NOT VALIDATED)

12 Restricciones Recordemos que Oracle permite activar y desactivar las restricciones, lo que aparece en las columnas STATUS y VALIDATED: ENABLE VALIDATE Se comprueba para todas las filas existentes y nuevas. ENABLE NOVALIDATE Se comprueba sólo para las filas nuevas. DISABLE No se comprueba. El cambio de status: ALTER TABLE dept1 DISABLE CONSTRAINT NN_DEPT_CTD; ALTER TABLE dept1 ENABLE NOVALIDATE CONSTRAINT NN_DEPT_CTD; ALTER TABLE dept1 ENABLE VALIDATE CONSTRAINT NN_DEPT_CTD;

13 Restricciones {DBA ALL USER}_CONS_COLUMNS (vista) Column Datatype NULL Description OWNER VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL Owner of the constraint definition CONSTRAINT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL Name of the constraint definition TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL Name of the table with the constraint definition COLUMN_NAME VARCHAR2(4000) Name of the column or attribute of the object type column specified in the constraint definition POSITION NUMBER Original position of the column or attribute in the definition of the object

14 Sinónimos {DBA ALL USER}_SYNONYMS (vista) Selección de columnas OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the synonym SYNONYM_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the synonym TABLE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the object referenced by the synonym. Although the column is called TABLE_OWNER, the object owned is not necessarily a table. It can be any general object such as a view, sequence, stored procedure, synonym, and so on TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the object referenced by the synonym. Although the column is called TABLE_NAME, the object does not necessarily have to be a table. It can be any general object such as a view, sequence, stored procedure, synonym, and so on.

15 Sinónimos CREATE SYNONYM <sinónimo> FOR <object>;

16 Usuarios {DBA ALL USER}_USERS (vista) USERNAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the user USER_ID NUMBER ID number of the user CREATED DATE User creation date Quién soy? SELECT USER FROM DUAL

17 Parámetros de configuración SGBD V$PARAMETER (Vista) (selección de columnas) NUM NUMBER Parameter number NAME VARCHAR2(80) Name of the parameter TYPE NUMBER Parameter type: 1 - Boolean 2 - String 3 - Integer 4 - Parameter file 5 - Reserved 6 - Big integer VALUE VARCHAR2(4000) Parameter value for the session (if modified within the session); otherwise, the instance-wide parameter value DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(255) Description of the parameter

18 Datos de la instancia V$INSTANCE (Vista) (selección de columnas) INSTANCE_NUMBER NUMBER Instance number used for instance registration INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR2(16) Name of the instance HOST_NAME VARCHAR2(64) Name of the host machine VERSION VARCHAR2(17) Database version STARTUP_TIME DATE Time when the instance was started STATUS VARCHAR2(12) Status of the instance PARALLEL VARCHAR2(3) Indicates whether the instance is mounted in cluster database mode (YES) or not (NO) ARCHIVER VARCHAR2(7) Automatic archiving status DATABASE_STATUS VARCHAR2(17) Status of the database: ACTIVE SUSPENDED INSTANCE RECOVERY..

19 Datos de las sesiones V$SESSION (Vista) (selección de columnas) SID NUMBER Session identifier AUDSID NUMBER Auditing session ID USERNAME VARCHAR2(30) Oracle username OSUSER VARCHAR2(30) Operating system client user name PROGRAM VARCHAR2(48) Operating system program name MODULE VARCHAR2(48) Name of the currently executing module as set by calling the DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET _MODULE procedure....