Addition Reactions of Carbon-Carbon Pi Bonds - Part 1

Electrophilic Addition Reactions

Electrophilic Addition Reactions Electrophilic addition reactions are an important class of reactions that allow the interconversion of C=C and C C into a range of important functional groups. Conceptually,

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions, Course Notes Archive, 1 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions An organic reaction in which an electrophile substitutes a hydrogen atom in an aromatic

Benzene Benzene is best represented as a resonance hybrid:

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) is a substitution reaction usually involving the benzene ring; more specifically it is a reaction in which the hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced as

Chapter 6. Alkenes: Structure and Stability

hapter 6. Alkenes: Structure and Stability Steric Acid (saturated fatty acid) Linoleic Acid (unsaturated fatty acid) Degrees of unsaturation saturated hydrocarbon n 2n2 cycloalkane (1 ring) n 2n alkene

CH 3 Addition to an alkene with Br 2. No reaction when an aromatic molecule is mixed with Br 2. No Reaction. + H Br

RADIALS Reactions with 2 : 2 3 Addition to an alkene with 2 2 No reaction when an aromatic molecule is mixed with 2 2 (in the dark) No Reaction 2 h (in the light) During a demonstration by Dr., the reactants

Double Bonds. Hydration Rxns. Hydrogenation Rxns. Halogenation. Formation of epoxides. Syn addition of 2 OH. Ozonolysis

Double Bonds What do we do with double bonds? We do addition reactions. In an addition reaction, something is added to both carbons involved in a double bond (or not involved in the double bond, in the

methyl RX example primary RX example secondary RX example secondary RX example tertiary RX example

ucleophilic Substitution & Elimination hemistry 1 eginning patterns to knowfor S and E eactions - horizontal and vertical templates for practice Example 1 - two possible perspectives (deuterium and tritium

SUBSTITUTION REACTION CHARACTERISTICS. Sn1: Substitution Nucleophilic, Unimolecular: Characteristics

SUBSTITUTION EATION AATEISTIS Sn2: Substitution cleophilic, Bimolecular: haracteristics 1) The 2 means Bimolecular (or 2 nd order) in the rate-determining (slow) step: rate = k [: - ] [-X] or rate = k

INTDUCTIN T LEWIS ACID-BASE CEMISTY DEINITINS Lewis acids and bases are defined in terms of electron pair transfers. A Lewis base is an electron pair donor, and a Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor.

But in organic terms: Oxidation: loss of H 2 ; addition of O or O 2 ; addition of X 2 (halogens).

Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. Normally: Oxidation

Resonance Structures Arrow Pushing Practice

Resonance Structures Arrow Pushing Practice The following is a collection of ions and neutral molecules for which several resonance structures can be drawn. For the ions, the charges can be delocalized

Acids and Bases: Molecular Structure and Acidity

Acids and Bases: Molecular Structure and Acidity Review the Acids and Bases Vocabulary List as needed. Tutorial Contents A. Introduction B. Resonance C. Atomic Radius D. Electronegativity E. Inductive

Formal Charges. Step 2. Assign the formal charge to each atom. Formal charge is calculated using this formula: H O H H

Formal harges Discussion: Ions bear a positive or negative charge. If the ion is polyatomic (is constructed of more than on atom), we might ask which atom(s) of the ion carry the charge? Knowledge of charge

Chapter 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions

John E. McMurry www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions Why this chapter? To understand organic and/or biochemistry, it is necessary to know: -What occurs -Why and

Conjugation is broken completely by the introduction of saturated (sp3) carbon:

Chapter 16 Conjugation, resonance, and dienes Conjugation relies on the partial overlap of p-orbitals on adjacent double or triple bonds. A common conjugated system involves 1,3-dienes, such as 1,3-butadiene.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: a reaction in which the hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced as a result of an electrophilic attack on the aromatic ring

Chapter 10 Conjugation in Alkadienes and Allylic Systems

. 0 onjugated Systems hapter 0 onjugation in Alkadienes and Allylic Systems onjugated systems are those in which a π-bond is connected or conjugated (from the Latin conjugare which means to link r yoke

Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination

Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination What does the term "nucleophilic substitution" imply? A nucleophile is an the electron rich species that will react with an electron poor species A substitution

RESONANCE, USING CURVED ARROWS AND ACID-BASE REACTIONS

RESONANCE, USING CURVED ARROWS AND ACID-BASE REACTIONS A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Properly use curved arrows to draw resonance structures: the tail and the head of every arrow must be drawn in exactly

Writing a Correct Mechanism

Chapter 2 1) Balancing Equations Writing a Correct Mechanism 2) Using Arrows to show Electron Movement 3) Mechanisms in Acidic and Basic Media 4) Electron rich Species: Nucleophile or Base? 5) Trimolecular

partial positive an acid is a hydrogen ion donor, or proton donor base is a hydrogen ion acceptor, or proton acceptor acidic protons acid base

INTRDUCTIN T INIC MECANISMS PART I: FUNDAMENTALS F BRNSTED-LWRY ACID-BASE CEMISTRY YDRGEN ATMS AND PRTNS IN RGANIC MLECULES - A hydrogen atom that has lost its only electron is sometimes referred to as

Chapter 10. Conjugation in Alkadienes and Allylic Systems. Class Notes. B. The allyl group is both a common name and an accepted IUPAC name

Chapter 10 Conjugation in Alkadienes and Allylic Systems Chapter 10 suggested problems: I. The allyl group Class Notes A. B. The allyl group is both a common name and an accepted IUPAC name 1. Allyl alcohol

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic substitution is the typical reaction type for aromatic rings. Generalized electrophilic aromatic substitution: E E Electrophile Lewis acid: may be or neutral.

ALKENES AND ALKYNES REACTIONS

A STUDENT SHULD BE ABLE T: ALKENES AND ALKYNES REACTINS 1. Given the starting materials and reaction conditions, predict the products of the following reactions of alkenes and alkynes. Regioselective Markovnikov

Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

John E. McMurry http://www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases Javier E. Horta, M.D., Ph.D. University of Massachusetts Lowell Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

Willem Elbers. October 9, 2015

S N 1 and S N 2 reactivity of 3 alkyl bromides Willem Elbers ctober 9, 2015 1 Abstract n this experiment, we investigate the relative reactivities of three alkyl bromides with increasing steric bulk. We

ALCOHOLS: Properties & Preparation

ALLS: Properties & Preparation General formula: R-, where R is alkyl or substitued alkyl. Ar-: phenol - different properties. Nomenclature 1. ommon names: Name of alkyl group, followed by word alcohol.

Carbonyl Chemistry (12 Lectures)

arbonyl hemistry (12 Lectures) Aim of ourse Professor Donna G. Blackmond d.blackmond@imperial.ac.uk tel. 41193 oom 639 1 To build upon elements of Dr E.. Smith s and Dr. D.. Braddocks s course. To introduce

ammonium salt (acidic)

Chem 360 Jasperse Ch. 19 otes. Amines 1 eactions of Amines 1. eaction as a proton base (Section 19-5 and 19-6) amine base -X (proton acid) a X ammonium salt (acidic) Mechanism: equired (protonation) everse

Organometallics Study Seminar Chapter 13: Metal-Ligand Multiple Bonds

Organometallics Study Seminar Chapter 13: Metal-Ligand Multiple Bonds Contents 1. Carbene Complexes 2. Silylene Complexes 3. Metal-Heteroatom Multiple Bonds 1. Carbene Complexes 1.1 Classes of Carbene

4/18/2011. 9.8 Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Substitutions. Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Substitutions

9.8 Substituent effects in the electrophilic substitution of an aromatic ring Substituents affect the reactivity of the aromatic ring Some substituents activate the ring, making it more reactive than benzene

ALKENES AND ALKYNES REACTIONS A STUDENT WHO HAS MASTERED THE MATERIAL IN THIS SECTION SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

ALKENES AND ALKYNES REACTINS A STUDENT W AS MASTERED TE MATERIAL IN TIS SECTIN SULD BE ABLE T: 1. Given the starting materials and reaction conditions, predict the products of the following reactions of

Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases

John E. McMurry www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases Modified by Dr. Daniela R. Radu Why This Chapter? Description of basic ways chemists account for chemical

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nitriles

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and itriles Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: There are really only four things to worry about under this heading; acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides. We ll start with

Aldehydes can react with alcohols to form hemiacetals. 340 14. Nucleophilic substitution at C=O with loss of carbonyl oxygen

340 14. Nucleophilic substitution at C= with loss of carbonyl oxygen Ph In Chapter 13 we saw this way of making a reaction go faster by raising the energy of the starting material. We also saw that the

Studying an Organic Reaction. How do we know if a reaction can occur? And if a reaction can occur what do we know about the reaction?

Studying an Organic Reaction How do we know if a reaction can occur? And if a reaction can occur what do we know about the reaction? Information we want to know: How much heat is generated? How fast is

The Aldol Condensation

The Aldol ondensation Synthesis and Analysis of 2,3,4,5-Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone Yakety Sax Bennie ill theme song TPP eactions of Aldehydes and Ketones ' 1. Nucleophilic Addition. 2. Substitution at

Carboxylic Acid Structure and Chemistry: Part 2

Principles of Drug Action 1, pring 2005, Carboxylic Acids Part 2 Carboxylic Acid tructure and Chemistry: Part 2 Jack Deuiter IV. eactions of the Carboxylic Acid eactions Depending on their overall structure,

What does pka tell you?

ph and pka What does pka tell you? pka tells you if a given molecule is going to either give a proton to water at a certain ph, or remove a proton A pka of 2 for substance X means that at a ph of 2, X

Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement, not replace the laboratory manual. SN1 Reaction Notes

Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement, not replace the laboratory manual. SN1 Reaction Notes Background and Application Substitution Nucleophilic First Order (SN1) reactions are one of the most

A REVIEW OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY: ELECTRONS, BONDS AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES

A REVIEW OF GENERAL CEMISTRY: ELECTRONS, BONDS AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES A STUDENT SOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Draw Lewis (electron dot and line) structural formulas for simple compounds and ions from molecular

Chapter 11. Free Radical Reactions

hapter 11 Free Radical Reactions A free radical is a species containing one or more unpaired electrons Free radicals are electron-deficient species, but they are usually uncharged, so their chemistry is

Everything You Need to Know About Mechanisms. First rule: Arrows are used to indicate movement of electrons

Everything You eed to Know About Mechanisms A) The orrect Use of Arrows to Indicate Electron Movement The ability to write an organic reaction mechanism properly is key to success in organic chemistry

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

A STUDENT SHULD BE ABLE T: ARMATIC CMPUNDS 1. Name benzene derivatives given the structures, and draw the structures given the names. This includes: Monosubstituted benzenes named as derivatives of benzene:

SULFONATE AND INORGANIC ESTER DERIVATIVES OF ALCOHOLS

0. ULFNATE AND INRGANIC ETER DERIVATIVE F ALCL 44 R 2 C L CR 2 carbocation Lewis acid base association X (halide ion) 2 $ R 2 C L CR 2 R R X C A C $ alkyl halide R R alkene $ $ Brønsted acid base reaction

Chapter 22 Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions

John E. McMurry www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 22 Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions The α Position The carbon next to the carbonyl group is designated as being in the α position Electrophilic

Background A nucleus with an odd atomic number or an odd mass number has a nuclear spin that can be observed by NMR spectrometers.

NMR Spectroscopy I Reading: Wade chapter, sections -- -7 Study Problems: -, -7 Key oncepts and Skills: Given an structure, determine which protons are equivalent and which are nonequivalent, predict the

CHEM 322 Organic Chemistry II - Professor Kathleen V. Kilway. CHAPTER 14 Substitution Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

CHEM 322 Organic Chemistry II - Professor Kathleen V. Kilway "Organic Chemistry" by Maitland Jones, 4 th edition Chapter 14 Homework: 1, 2, 5, 7, 13, 19, 20, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 41, 46,

Unit Vocabulary: o Organic Acid o Alcohol. o Ester o Ether. o Amine o Aldehyde

Unit Vocabulary: Addition rxn Esterification Polymer Alcohol Ether Polymerization Aldehyde Fermentation Primary Alkane Functional group Saponification Alkene Halide (halocarbon) Saturated hydrocarbon Alkyne

UNIT 2 PRACTICE EXAM (Part 1: General Chemistry)

UIT 2 PRACTICE EXAM (Part 1: General Chemistry) 1. Which would be the best definition of an ionic bond? a. The attraction between the partial positive region of one molecule and the partial negative region

The dipolar nature of acids

I. Introduction arboxylic Acid Structure and hemistry: Part 1 Jack Deuiter arboxylic acids are hydrocarbon derivatives containing a carboxyl () moiety. ecall that carbon has four valence electrons and

Chapter 15 Radical Reactions. Radicals are reactive species with a single unpaired electron, formed by

Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Radicals are reactive species with a single unpaired electron, formed by homolysis of a covalent bond; a radical contains an atom that does not have an octet of electrons,

Previous lecture: Today:

Previous lecture: The energy requiring step from substrate to transition state is an energy barrier called the free energy of activation G Transition state is the unstable (10-13 seconds) highest energy

A Grignard reagent formed would deprotonate H of the ethyl alcohol OH.

216 S11-E2 Page 2 Name Key I. (9 points) Answer in the boxes below the following questions for the Grignard reagent C 3 -Mg. (1) (2 points) Is the carbon atom associated with magnesium electrophilic or

SUMMARY OF ALKENE REACTIONS

SUMMARY F ALKENE REACTINS Alkenes are primarily prepared by elimination reactions of molecules that contain good leaving groups attached to sp 3 carbons. Examples of such reactions are dehydrohalogenations

1. What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in the following molecule?

Practice Final Exam, Chemistry 2210, rganic Chem I 1. What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in the following molecule? A. sp 3 B. sp 2 C. sp D. not hybridized 2. Name the functional groups in

Chemical Bonds. Chemical Bonds. The Nature of Molecules. Energy and Metabolism < < Covalent bonds form when atoms share 2 or more valence electrons.

The Nature of Molecules Chapter 2 Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Chemical Bonds Molecules are groups of atoms held together in a stable association. Compounds are molecules containing more than one type

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1.1 Historical Background of Organic Chemistry

APTER 1 INTRDUTIN T RGANI EMISTRY 1.1 istorical Background of rganic hemistry rganic chemistry is the area of chemistry that involves the study of carbon and its compounds. arbon is now known to form a

Amines H 3 C H. CH 2 CH 3 ethylmethylamine. Nomenclature. 1 o : RNH 2, 2 o : RR'NH, 3 o : RR'R"N, 4 o (salt) RR'R"R'"N + R = alkyl or aryl

Amines omenclature 1 o :, 2 o : 'H, 3 o : '", 4 o (salt) '"'" + = alkyl or aryl ommon names For simple amines name groups attached to alphabetically; use suffix -amine. H 3 H H 2 ethylmethylamine In complicated

Chapter 11: Ionic Substitution Reactions

hapter 11: onic Substitution eactions Note to students: This is a single chapter from a textbook that is under construction. Therefore you can ignore references to other textbook sections. 11.1 Why Should

Boston University Dresden Science Program ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CAS CH 203 Lecture

Boston University Dresden Science Program ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CAS CH 203 Lecture Instructor: Professor Wolf D. Habicher, Professor Claus Rüger Meeting Times Lectures: twice a week at 90 minutes each Discussions:

Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding. Modified by Dr. Daniela Radu

John E. McMurry www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding Modified by Dr. Daniela Radu What is Organic Chemistry? Living things are made of organic chemicals Proteins that make

Hybrid Molecular Orbitals

Hybrid Molecular Orbitals Last time you learned how to construct molecule orbital diagrams for simple molecules based on the symmetry of the atomic orbitals. Molecular orbitals extend over the entire molecule

Homolytic vs. Heterolytic Fragmentation

omolytic vs. eterolytic Fragmentation Most organic transformations involve the movement of electron pairs (heterolytic reactions). There are a few important addition reactions, however, in which the electron

Saturated NaCl solution rubber tubing (2) Glass adaptor (2) thermometer adaptor heating mantle

EXPERIMENT 5 (Organic Chemistry II) Pahlavan/Cherif Dehydration of Alcohols - Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Purpose - The purpose of this lab is to produce cyclohexene through the acid catalyzed elimination

Reactions of Fats and Fatty Acids

Reactions of Fats and Fatty Acids Outline Fats and Oils Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Biodiesel Homework We hear quite a lot about the place of fats and oils in human nutrition. Foods high in fat are at the

CHEM 208(Organic Chemistry I) Instructor: Dr. Niranjan Goswami. Tel: (618)545-3361. Email: Ngoswami@kaskaskia.edu. Web: www.kc.cc.il.

CHEM 208(Organic Chemistry I) Instructor: Dr. Niranjan Goswami Tel: (618)545-3361 Email: Ngoswami@kaskaskia.edu Web: www.kc.cc.il.us/ngoswami CHEM 208 COURSE SYLLABUS KASKASKIA COLLEGE NAME TERM YEAR TEXT:

Survival Organic Chemistry Part I: Molecular Models

Survival Organic Chemistry Part I: Molecular Models The goal in this laboratory experience is to get you so you can easily and quickly move between empirical formulas, molecular formulas, condensed formulas,

Chapter 2 - Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Chapter 2 - Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases For questions 1-10 give the letter of the term that best matches the given definition. a. Brønsted-Lowry Acid f. Ionic Bond b. Brønsted-Lowry Base g. Covalent

Worksheet 14 - Lewis structures. 1. Complete the Lewis dot symbols for the oxygen atoms below

Worksheet 14 - Lewis structures Determine the Lewis structure of 2 oxygen gas. 1. omplete the Lewis dot symbols for the oxygen atoms below 2. Determine the number of valence electrons available in the

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance notes

Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement, not replace, the laboratory manual. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance notes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a spectrometric technique which provides information

Final Examination, Organic Chemistry 1 (CHEM 2210) December 2000 Version *A* A. B. C. D.

Final Examination, rganic hemistry 1 (EM 2210) December 2000 Version *A* 1. What are the hybridization of, and the geometrical shape around, the nitrogen atom in the following molecule? N 3 3 A. sp, linear

CHEM 211 CHAPTER 16 - Homework

CHEM 211 CHAPTER 16 - Homework SHORT ANSWER Consider the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction below to answer the following question(s): 1. Refer to the reaction above. Draw the structure of the electrophilic

Benzene and Aromatic Compounds

Benzene and Aromatic Compounds Benzene (C 6 H 6 ) is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon (or arene). Benzene has four degrees of unsaturation, making it a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon. Whereas unsaturated

Q.1 Draw out some suitable structures which fit the molecular formula C 6 H 6

Aromatic compounds GE 1 BENZENE Structure Primary analysis revealed benzene had an... empirical formula of and a molecular formula of 6 6 Q.1 Draw out some suitable structures which fit the molecular formula

Calculating the Degrees of Unsaturation From a Compound s Molecular Formula

Calculating the Degrees of Unsaturation From a Compound s Molecular Formula Alkanes have the molecular formula C n. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because each member of the family has the maximum

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THREE DIMENSIONS

(adapted from Blackburn et al., Laboratory Manual to Accompany World of hemistry, 2 nd ed., (1996) Saunders ollege Publishing: Fort Worth) Purpose: To become familiar with organic molecules in three dimensions

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 1 According to Brønsted and Lowry, an acid-base reaction is defined in terms of a proton transfer. By this definition, the reaction of Cl in water is: Cl(aq) + Cl (aq) +

Syllabus for General Organic Chemistry M07A- Fall 2013 Prof. Robert Keil

Syllabus for General Organic Chemistry M07A- Fall 2013 Prof. Robert Keil Textbook and Materials What you must buy: Organic Chemistry 4 th Ed. Janice G. Smith, McGraw Hill. (Older edition is fine) Chem

Q.1 Carbonyl compounds are formed by oxidation of alcohols;

arbonyl compounds 814 1 ARBYL MPUDS - Aldehydes and Ketones Q.1 arbonyl compounds are formed by oxidation of alcohols; a) Which type of alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde? b) Which type of alcohol is oxidised

5. Structure, Geometry, and Polarity of Molecules

5. Structure, Geometry, and Polarity of Molecules What you will accomplish in this experiment This experiment will give you an opportunity to draw Lewis structures of covalent compounds, then use those

Identification of Unknown Organic Compounds

Identification of Unknown Organic Compounds Introduction The identification and characterization of the structures of unknown substances are an important part of organic chemistry. Although it is often

3.4 BRØNSTED LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES

96 CAPTER 3 ACIDS AND BASES. TE CURVED-ARROW NOTATION and that the unshared electron pair (and negative charge) is shared equally by the two terminal carbons. C L C A C 1 allyl anion (c) Using the curved-arrow

SN2 Ionic Substitution Reactions

SN2 Ionic Substitution Reactions Chem 14D Winter 2005 SN2 Ionic Substitution Reactions Substitution can occur in organic compounds that have an electronegative atom or group bonded to an sp 3 hybridized

Aromaticity and Reactions of Benzene

Aromaticity and eactions of Benzene ark College Benzene is a unique molecule it is highly unsaturated with 6 carbons and 6 hydrogens, it is planar, and has a high degree of symmetry. These features explain

pk a Values for Selected Compounds

Appendix A pk a Values for Selected ompounds ompound pk a ompound pk a I 10 Br 9 2 S 4 9 + 3 3 7.3 3 S 3 7 Br 4.0 4.2 3 4.3 2 N l 7 [( 3 ) 2 ] + 3.8 [ 3 2 ] + 2.5 3 + 1.7 3 S 3 1.2 + 3 N2 0.0 F 3 0.2 l

Chapter 11 Homework and practice questions Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Chapter 11 Homework and practice questions Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations SHORT ANSWER Exhibit 11-1 Circle your response in each set below. 1. Circle the least

Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution

smi97462_ch07.qxd 11/4/04 2:51 PM APTE Page 220 Alkyl alides and Nucleophilic Substitution Adrenaline (or epinephrine), a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland, increases blood pressure and heart rate,

These instructions are for a classroom activity which supports OCR A Level Chemistry A.

Lesson Element Keyword activities Instructions for teachers These instructions are for a classroom activity which supports OCR A Level Chemistry A. Just a minute! To run this activity you will need a set

CHEM 322 Organic Chemistry II - Professor Kathleen V. Kilway

CHEM 322 Organic Chemistry II - Professor Kathleen V. Kilway "Organic Chemistry" by Maitland Jones, 4th edition Chapter 12 Homework: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 38, 39, 44,

Avg. 16.4 / 25 Stnd. Dev. 8.2

QUIZ TREE Avg. 16.4 / 25 Stnd. Dev. 8.2 xidation of Alcohols with Chromium (VI): Jones xidation 2 Alcohols are oxidized by a solution of chromium trioxide in aqueous acetone (2), in the presence of an

Solving Spectroscopy Problems

Solving Spectroscopy Problems The following is a detailed summary on how to solve spectroscopy problems, key terms are highlighted in bold and the definitions are from the illustrated glossary on Dr. Hardinger

11.4 NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF EPOXIDES

.4 NUEPII SUBSTITUTIN REATINS F EPXIDES 495 (d When tert-butyl methyl ether is heated with sulfuric acid, methanol and -methylpropene distill from the solution. (e Tert-butyl methyl ether cleaves much

Where Is My Lone Pair?

Where Is My Lone Pair? Goal: In this tutorial we'll learn how to determine which orbital contains a lone pair. This is important for resonance, conjugation, and aromaticity. To master this subject you'll

Section Activity #1: Fill out the following table for biology s most common elements assuming that each atom is neutrally charged.

LS1a Fall 2014 Section Week #1 I. Valence Electrons and Bonding The number of valence (outer shell) electrons in an atom determines how many bonds it can form. Knowing the number of valence electrons present

passing through (Y-axis). The peaks are those shown at frequencies when less than

Infrared Spectroscopy used to analyze the presence of functional groups (bond types) in organic molecules The process for this analysis is two-fold: 1. Accurate analysis of infrared spectra to determine

LAGUARDIA COMMUNITY COLLEGE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

LAGUARDIA COMMUNITY COLLEGE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT SCC 110: Foundations of Chemistry Course Coordinator: Dr. Nalband S. Hussain Office: M 210 E-mail: nhussain@lagcc.cuny.edu

Principles of Drug Action 1, Spring 2005, Aromatics HYDROCARBON STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY: AROMATICS. Jack DeRuiter

I. Introduction YDOABON STUTUE AND EMISTY: AOMATIS Jack Deuiter ydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of - and - bonds. arbon has a valence of four and thus requires four electrons or bonds to complete

SOLID SUPPORTS AND CATALYSTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

SOLID SUPPORTS AND CATALYSTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Editor Professor K. SMITH, M.SC,PhD. Head of Department of Chemistry University College of Swansea Wales ELLIS HORWOOD PTR PRENTICE HALL NEW YORK LONDON

CHEM 101 Exam 4. Page 1

CEM 101 Exam 4 Form 1 (White) November 30, 2001 Page 1 Section This exam consists of 8 pages. When the exam begins make sure you have one of each. Print your name at the top of each page now. Show your