Open Source Firewall

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1 Open Source Firewall Dream or reality? Jan Du Caju KULeuvenNet

2 Open Source Firewall: dream or reality? Introduction Firewalls Situation K.U.Leuven Open Source implementation Open Source alternatives Future

3 Open Source Firewall: dream of reality? flexibility modifiable scalability high availability bandwidth price/licenses documentation expertise More or less independent of firewall reality for K.U.Leuven

4 Firewalls packet filter performance low security application independent no screening above network layer application proxy/gateway security performance full application awareness dedicated stateful packet inspection network layer inspection performance partial application awareness security

5 pre Mbps Internet Firewall Cisco KotNet KULnet

6 1999 8Mbps Internet FW/NAT CheckPoint KotNet KULnet

7 Mbps Internet web cache Cisco FW/NAT CheckPoint web cache Cisco KotNet KULnet

8 Mbps Internet web cache NAT FW/NAT web cache Cisco Linux CheckPoint Cisco KotNet KULnet

9 2003 Avg 86Mbps Internet Nortel VPN 34 Mbps 36 Mbps 0.6 Mbps 6 Mbps web cache NAT Firewall NAT web cache Cisco Linux CheckPoint Linux Cisco KotNet KULnet

10 2005 Avg 100Mbps Internet Nortel VPN 36 Mbps 39 Mbps 10 Mbps 6 Mbps 8 Mbps web cache NAT Firewall NAT web cache Cisco Linux Linux Linux Cisco KotNet KULnet

11 Internet bandwidth usage web traffic (1/2) KotNet bandwidth usage remaining

12 K.U.Leuven network Internet Juniper Netscreen KotNet Firewall KULeuven SAP FW GNU/Linux servers clients central firewall: filtering only between 3 zones Within K.U.Leuven limited inter-subnet filtering via Cisco ACL s autoblock smtp-block or smtp traffic limited to CAV ACL towards subnet of DMZ s, departments, units, Domino-effect if 1 machine is hacked SAP servers

13 K.U.Leuven network Internet KotNet Firewall DMZ s servers KULeuven clients Eliminate Domino-effect between servers group servers in functional DMZ s (dedicated intrusion detection and prevention, ) security measures on servers: filters on each server

14 Functional DMZ s KotNet Internet KULeuven Firewall CAV WWW ldap dns/dhcp dmz-x pop/imap samba DB SAP

15 Data streams Internet web cache NAT NAT web cache KotNet service requests inter DMZ traffic Firewall DMZ s KULnet outgoing Internet requests web requests non-web requests Load implications Firewall: only KUL services NAT: only KUL non-web Internet requests web caches: only KUL web requests

16 2006 Internet VPN web cache NAT Firewall NAT web cache KotNet DMZ s KULnet

17 Firewalls CheckPoint/Nokia central management documentation/support GUI licenses/price multi OS/HW Cisco PIX out-of-box flexible hardened purpose built RT OS price ASIC based (Juniper Netscreen ISG-2000 or Fortinet Fortigate-3600) dedicated HW price high bandwidth performance performance under DDOS < open source witin specs hardened purpose built RT OS Open Source flexible (P2P) state replication (almost stable) modifiable (BCrouter) complex protocols (experimental modules) price (hardware only) little less high bandwidth performance performance

18 Firewalls security specific RT OS ASIC all in one vendor price (hardened) multipurpose OS open HW components based Open Source flexible

19 design criteria high availability redundancy scalability secure setup flexibility (adjustable/modifiable) avoid combination of services (logical/functional split) ease of administration

20 Open Source implementation NAT/Filtering: iptables/nf-hipac High Availability: VRRP Multiple DMZ s: 802.1q/vlan Logging: remote syslog/ulog remote logging : - performance - security

21 Filtering/NAT netfilter kernel framework iptables userspace program iptables <command> [<match>]+ <target> nf-hipac high performance packet classification implemented on top of the netfilter framework

22 Packet traversal Network PREROUTING INPUT ROUTING local process FORWARD ROUTING OUTPUT POSTROUTING Network

23 Packet traversal Network PREROUTING ROUTING INPUT filter local process ROUTING FORWARD filter OUTPUT filter POSTROUTING Network

24 Packet traversal Network PREROUTING ROUTING INPUT filter local process ROUTING FORWARD filter OUTPUT filter POSTROUTING Network

25 Packet traversal Network PREROUTING ROUTING nat INPUT local process ROUTING OUTPUT filter nat filter FORWARD filter POSTROUTING nat Network

26 Packet traversal Network conntrack PREROUTING nat ROUTING INPUT local process ROUTING OUTPUT filter conntrack nat filter POSTROUTING nat FORWARD filter Network

27 Packet traversal Network PREROUTING ROUTING raw conntrack nat INPUT filter local process FORWARD filter ROUTING OUTPUT raw conntrack nat filter POSTROUTING nat Network

28 states NEW ESTABLISHED RELATED INVALID Connection tracking

29 states NEW ESTABLISHED RELATED INVALID TCP basics Connection tracking client firewall server SYN ACK NEW ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED SYN/ACK

30 ftp (active) Complex protocols command channel port 21 client data channel port 20 server

31 ftp (active) Complex protocols command channel port 21 client data channel port 20 server conntrack helper (PORT 134,58,10,1,4,1 aka :1025) client firewall server SYN/ACK RELATED ESTABLISHED SYN ACK

32 Open Source Complete solution Hardened OS GUI smoothwall, ipcops et al FW GUI/script generators fwbuilder, firestarter et al OS hardening projects openwall Commercial linux based FW (all-in-one) Astaro, Watchguard, Mara Systems,

33 Future GUI/complete solutions central management/logging enhanced conntrack helpers (SIP, ) additional matches & targets High Availability: real state replication transparent proxy/layer 7 filtering

34 Questions & Answers URL s iptables/ulog: nf-hipac: VRRP: syslog-ng: Debian GNU/Linux: Complete solution: GUI s: Hardened Linux: Commercial open source based:

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