EMV: Integrated Circuit Card Specifications for Payment Systems
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1 : Integrated Circuit Card Specifications for Payment Systems Jan Krhovják Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
2 Outline EMV Basic Information Introduction to EMV Offline data authentication Static data authentication Dynamic data authentication User authentication Signature based PIN based Automatic risk management Terminal risk management Terminal action analysis Card action analysis Conclusion Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
3 Introduction to EMV EMV Basic Information EMV 4.1 specifications consist of four books (786 pages) Application Independent ICC to Terminal Interface Requirements Security and Key Management Application Specification Cardholder, Attendant, and Acquirer Interface Requirements Basic terminology Merchant, payee Cardholder, customer, payer, or simply user Card issuer, cardholder s bank, or simply bank No distinguishing (for this presentation) between issuer or acquirer bank Fraud, a deception made for a personal gain All parties should be protected against the fraud Unauthorized and illegal use of a credit card to purchase property ICC, an acronym for integrated circuit(s) card Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
4 Introduction to EMV EMV Basic Information EMV 4.1 specifications consist of four books (786 pages) Application Independent ICC to Terminal Interface Requirements Security and Key Management Application Specification Cardholder, Attendant, and Acquirer Interface Requirements Basic terminology Merchant, payee Cardholder, customer, payer, or simply user Card issuer, cardholder s bank, or simply bank No distinguishing (for this presentation) between issuer or acquirer bank Fraud, a deception made for a personal gain All parties should be protected against the fraud Unauthorized and illegal use of a credit card to purchase property ICC, an acronym for integrated circuit(s) card Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
5 Offline Data Authentication Basic Principles of Offline Data Authentication The goal is offline detection of fake (altered/duplicated) cards Based on asymmetric cryptography (namely on RSA) RSA public key must be always 3 or Existence of a certification authority (CA) is required Integrity of transmitted public keys must be secured Each EMV terminal must contain actual CA public key Supported mechanisms Static data authentication (SDA) Dynamic data authentication (DDA) Combined DDA and application cryptogram generation (CDA) Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
6 Offline Data Authentication Basic Principles of Offline Data Authentication The goal is offline detection of fake (altered/duplicated) cards Based on asymmetric cryptography (namely on RSA) RSA public key must be always 3 or Existence of a certification authority (CA) is required Integrity of transmitted public keys must be secured Each EMV terminal must contain actual CA public key Supported mechanisms Static data authentication (SDA) Dynamic data authentication (DDA) Combined DDA and application cryptogram generation (CDA) Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
7 SDA: Static Data Authentication I Offline Data Authentication Basics of SDA Performed by terminal Confirms legitimacy of critical ICC-resident static data Detects unauthorized alteration of data after personalization Settings and process of SDA Public key of CA is stored in each terminal Public key of issuer bank is certified by CA and stored on ICC Static application data are signed by issuer bank and stored on ICC Security of SDA Based on secrecy of private RSA keys Counterfeiting/duplication not solved Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
8 SDA: Static Data Authentication I Offline Data Authentication Basics of SDA Performed by terminal Confirms legitimacy of critical ICC-resident static data Detects unauthorized alteration of data after personalization Settings and process of SDA Public key of CA is stored in each terminal Public key of issuer bank is certified by CA and stored on ICC Static application data are signed by issuer bank and stored on ICC Security of SDA Based on secrecy of private RSA keys Counterfeiting/duplication not solved Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
9 SDA: Static Data Authentication I Offline Data Authentication Basics of SDA Performed by terminal Confirms legitimacy of critical ICC-resident static data Detects unauthorized alteration of data after personalization Settings and process of SDA Public key of CA is stored in each terminal Public key of issuer bank is certified by CA and stored on ICC Static application data are signed by issuer bank and stored on ICC Security of SDA Based on secrecy of private RSA keys Counterfeiting/duplication not solved Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
10 SDA: Static Data Authentication II Offline Data Authentication Diagram of SDA (taken from the original specification) Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
11 Offline Data Authentication DDA: Dynamic Data Authentication I Basics of DDA Performed by terminal&card (ICC with coprocessor required) Confirms legitimacy of critical ICC-resident/generated data and data received from terminal Detects counterfeited/duplicated cards Settings and process of DDA Similar as for SDA New unique ICC RSA key pair is stored on each card ICC private key is securely stored (can not leave the card) ICC public key is signed & stored together with static application data Terminal sends random challenge to be signed by ICC private key Security of DDA Based on secrecy of private RSA keys The chip card must be able to protect ICC private key Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
12 Offline Data Authentication DDA: Dynamic Data Authentication I Basics of DDA Performed by terminal&card (ICC with coprocessor required) Confirms legitimacy of critical ICC-resident/generated data and data received from terminal Detects counterfeited/duplicated cards Settings and process of DDA Similar as for SDA New unique ICC RSA key pair is stored on each card ICC private key is securely stored (can not leave the card) ICC public key is signed & stored together with static application data Terminal sends random challenge to be signed by ICC private key Security of DDA Based on secrecy of private RSA keys The chip card must be able to protect ICC private key Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
13 Offline Data Authentication DDA: Dynamic Data Authentication I Basics of DDA Performed by terminal&card (ICC with coprocessor required) Confirms legitimacy of critical ICC-resident/generated data and data received from terminal Detects counterfeited/duplicated cards Settings and process of DDA Similar as for SDA New unique ICC RSA key pair is stored on each card ICC private key is securely stored (can not leave the card) ICC public key is signed & stored together with static application data Terminal sends random challenge to be signed by ICC private key Security of DDA Based on secrecy of private RSA keys The chip card must be able to protect ICC private key Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
14 Offline Data Authentication DDA: Dynamic Data Authentication II Diagram of DDA (taken from the original specification) Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
15 Offline Data Authentication CDA: Combined DDA and Application Cryptogram (AC) Generation Basics of CDA Performed by terminal&card in parallel with card action analysis Settings and process of CDA Similar as for DDA Random challenge is a part of request for AC Signed AC contains this random challenge Security of CDA Extra security for AC Advantage if secure communication between terminal and ICC can not be guaranteed Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
16 Offline Data Authentication CDA: Combined DDA and Application Cryptogram (AC) Generation Basics of CDA Performed by terminal&card in parallel with card action analysis Settings and process of CDA Similar as for DDA Random challenge is a part of request for AC Signed AC contains this random challenge Security of CDA Extra security for AC Advantage if secure communication between terminal and ICC can not be guaranteed Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
17 Offline Data Authentication CDA: Combined DDA and Application Cryptogram (AC) Generation Basics of CDA Performed by terminal&card in parallel with card action analysis Settings and process of CDA Similar as for DDA Random challenge is a part of request for AC Signed AC contains this random challenge Security of CDA Extra security for AC Advantage if secure communication between terminal and ICC can not be guaranteed Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
18 User Authentication Negotiation of authentication method Supported methods Signature-based (handwritten) PIN-based (offline/online, plaintext/encrypted) Several combinations Priority list of card-supported methods stored on ICC Terminal selects the first terminal-supported method from this list Selected method is dependent on the terminal type One supported method can be no cardholder verification required Successful verification At least one metod is successfully performed The list is exhausted Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
19 User Authentication Negotiation of authentication method Supported methods Signature-based (handwritten) PIN-based (offline/online, plaintext/encrypted) Several combinations Priority list of card-supported methods stored on ICC Terminal selects the first terminal-supported method from this list Selected method is dependent on the terminal type One supported method can be no cardholder verification required Successful verification At least one metod is successfully performed The list is exhausted Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
20 Verification processing EMV User Authentication Signature-based or online PIN-based authentication Same process as used in the case of magnetic strip cards PIN is formatted into PIN-block, encrypted by using 3DES,... Chip card should provide extra security against skimming Offline encrypted PIN-based authentication New own RSA key pair is associated with PIN encipherment This key pair is stored/certified as the key for DDA Original PIN necessary for verification is securely stored on ICC PINpad/terminal must be physically/logically well secured Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
21 Verification processing EMV User Authentication Signature-based or online PIN-based authentication Same process as used in the case of magnetic strip cards PIN is formatted into PIN-block, encrypted by using 3DES,... Chip card should provide extra security against skimming Offline encrypted PIN-based authentication New own RSA key pair is associated with PIN encipherment This key pair is stored/certified as the key for DDA Original PIN necessary for verification is securely stored on ICC PINpad/terminal must be physically/logically well secured Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
22 Automatic Risk Management Automatic Risk Management Protects against offline undetectable threats Decides if transaction should be: approved offline, declined offline, or transmitted online Terminal risk management Floor limit checking Random transaction selection Velocity checking Terminal&card action analysis T: reject transaction offline C: reject offline T: transaction should go online C: go online reject offline T: transaction might be completed offline C: go online reject offline approve offline Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
23 Automatic Risk Management Automatic Risk Management Protects against offline undetectable threats Decides if transaction should be: approved offline, declined offline, or transmitted online Terminal risk management Floor limit checking Random transaction selection Velocity checking Terminal&card action analysis T: reject transaction offline C: reject offline T: transaction should go online C: go online reject offline T: transaction might be completed offline C: go online reject offline approve offline Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
24 Automatic Risk Management Automatic Risk Management Protects against offline undetectable threats Decides if transaction should be: approved offline, declined offline, or transmitted online Terminal risk management Floor limit checking Random transaction selection Velocity checking Terminal&card action analysis T: reject transaction offline C: reject offline T: transaction should go online C: go online reject offline T: transaction might be completed offline C: go online reject offline approve offline Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
25 Conclusion & References Conclusion EMV introduces the Chip&PIN technology Chip cards provide more secured storage for sensitive data If SDA is not used... PIN-based user authentication is more secure (for whom?) If the secure method is negotiated... Several online references: EMV 4.1 Specifications bin/detailspec.pl?id=5 EMV POS terminal interceptor mkb23/interceptor/ Chip and SPIN webpage and article mkb23/spin/spin.pdf Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
26 Conclusion & References Conclusion EMV introduces the Chip&PIN technology Chip cards provide more secured storage for sensitive data If SDA is not used... PIN-based user authentication is more secure (for whom?) If the secure method is negotiated... Several online references: EMV 4.1 Specifications bin/detailspec.pl?id=5 EMV POS terminal interceptor mkb23/interceptor/ Chip and SPIN webpage and article mkb23/spin/spin.pdf Jan Krhovják (FI MU) EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) / 13
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