Vernacular Architecture in the Central Danube Region Preservation, Renewal and the Philosophy of Repair Principles - Ideas - Pictures

Transcription

1 Vernacular Architecture in the Central Danube Region Preservation, Renewal and the Philosophy of Repair Principles - Ideas - Pictures

2 Contents Part I: Introduction The Renewal of Vernacular Architecture - once and now Is it worth to preserve Vernacular Architecture? Part II: Renewal and the Philosophy of Repair Definitions and Principles Methods of Preservation: Methods of Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation: Maintenance - Repair - Rehabilitation Guidelines and Principles of the Society for the Protection of ancient Buildings Part III: Working with Vernacular Architecture Who is involved in Renewal Projects? The Working Process Emergency Measures The Renewal Project Building Investigation Analysis of the Building Investigation Rehabilitation Concept Realization Part II: Technical Questions Causes for Damages Building Elements

3 The Renewal of Vernacular Architecture - once and now

4 The Renewal of Vernacular Architecture - once and now

5 The Renewal of Vernacular Architecture - once and now

6 The Renewal of Vernacular Architecture - once and now

7 Is it worth to preserve Vernacular Architecture? Cultural Aspects: - VA is an important part of our cultural heritage - Interesting buildings - various details, decorations and techniques - VA expresses the identity of the rural population - Nostalgia: The loss of fabric with its identity makes us already today to lone for nostalgia - Craftmanship - Knowledge Although most of the original appearance of vernacular architecture disappeared through the renewals since the 1950th there is still a lot of building substance that could be rediscovered as old and historic. Buildings that have been changed still consist of genuine structures and materials. It is the task not only to preserve the few vernacular buildings existing still in their original appearance but also to discover and to renew rural buildings, which have changed disadvantageously. Their specific identity can be gained back by working carefully and sensitive with the original fabric that usually is still existing behind the faceless facades.

8 Is it worth to preserve Vernacular Architecture? The economic aspects Costs of renewed old buildings can be compared with new buildings of same size and equipment standard: + Costs of the preliminary building works + Demolition costs + Extras - Planing costs + Building materials + Workmanship by the owner + On the real estate marke the value of very well renewed beautiful vernacular architecture is higher than of modern buildings. If the homeowner is willing to adapt his ideas of modern living standards to the old dwelling with its given structure and if he accepts a partly more difficult planing and realization process, he will finally get a more valuable house with an unique and individual appearance for a very reasonable price

9 Renewal and the Philosophy of Repair Definitions and Principles

10 Renewal and the Philosophy of Repair Definitions and Principles Preservation The skill lies in mending old buildings with a minimum loss of original fabric, providing to keep its romance and authenticity. Making them new can not preserve buildings. Conservation To conserve means to keep and to preserve. It is a technical procedure of preservation: strengthening, stabilization and fixation of original fabrics. Restoration To restore means to reestablish. In the architectural context "restoration" means to return an old building to a perfect state. Renovation To renovate means to renew and to work up the original building substance with the aim to provide its futur existence. The terms of Conservation, Restoration and Renovation may be differentiated from one another but in fact these methods can be used in combinations, but they should serve the preservation of the historic building and its original fabric. Renewal The renewal of rural buildings has to include the adaptation to modern requirements, the renovation and the classical preservation methods of the original building substance.

11 Methods of Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation:

12 Methods of Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation: Maintenance Maintenance is used to apply limited, continuous preservation measures which the owner easily can carry out himself regularly in order to avoid extensive damages. Repair The repair of monuments is understood as a general term that includes measures for conservation and safeguarding, for restoration, for renovation and for the replacement of missing elements. The boundaries between maintenance and repair are fluent, the repair would be considered a measure occuring at greater intervals and it is often necessitated by inadequate maintenance of the building. Some architectural elements might be repaired, added or replaced. Rehabilitation The rehabilitation of rural dwellings and buildings refers to more comprehensive and far-reaching work than the repair. The best guarantee for survival of old dwellings is to use them for their original purpose. The adaptation of ancient dwellings to modern living standards is a justified requirement of the inhabitants. --> Preservation orientated rehabilitation

13 Principles of Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation Limitation to the necessity The repair should be limited to the extent of the actual damage Authenticity The repair can be the most respectful method to preserve the historic evidences represented in an old building. Using traditional historic materials and craftsman like techniques it secures the authenticity of the buildings. Reversibility To judge rehabilitation measures the principle of "reversibility" can be very helpful. Additions, which can be removed in future without destroying original fabric of the old building, should be preferred.

14 Guidelines and Principles of The Society for the Protection of ancient Buildings (S.P.A.B.) Repair not restoration: Although no building can withstand decay, neglect and depredation entirely, neither can aesthetic judgement nor archaeological proof justify the reproduction of worn or missing parts. Only as a practical expedient on a small scale can a case for restoration be argued. Responsible methods: A repair done today should not preclude treatment tomorrow, nor should it result in further loss of fabric. Complement not parody: New work should express modern needs in a modern language. These are the only terms in which new can relate to old in a way which is positive and responsive at the same time. If an addition proves essential, it should no be made to out-do or out-last the original. Regular maintenance: This is the most practical and economic form of preservation. Information: To repair old buildings well, they must be understood. Appreciation of a building s particular architectural qualities and a study of its construction, use and social developments are all enlightening. These factors also help us to see why decay sets in and how it may be put right. Essential work: The only work, which is unquestionably necessary (whether it be repair, renewal or addition) is that essential to a building s survival. Integrity: As good buildings age, the bond with their sites strengthens. A beautiful, interesting or simply ancient building still belongs where it stands however corrupted that place may have become. Use and adaptation of buildings leave their marks and these, in time, we also see as aspects of the building s integrity. This is why the Society will not condone the moving or gutting of buildings or their reduction to mere facades. Repairs carried out in place, rather than on elements dismantled and moved to the work-bench, help retain these qualities of veracity and continuity. Fit new to old: When repairs are made, new material should always be fitted to the old and not the old adapted to accept the new. In this way more ancient fabric will survive. Workmanship: Why try to hide good repair? Careful, considered workmanship does justice to fine buildings, leaving the most durable and useful record of what has been done. On the other hand, work concealed deliberately or artificially aged, even with the best intentions, is bound to mislead. Materials: The use of architectural features from elsewhere confuses the understanding and appreciation of a building, even making the untouched parts seems spurious. Trade in salvaged building materials encourages the destruction of old buildings, whereas demand for the same materials new helps keep them in production. The use of different but compatible materials can be an honest alternative. Respect for age: Bulging, bowing, sagging and leaning are signs of age which deserve respect. Good repair will not officiously iron them out, smarten them or hide the imperfections. Age can confer a beauty of its own. These are qualities to care for, not blemishes to be eradicated. (The purpose of the S.P.A.B.)

15 Working with Vernacular Architecture

16 Who is involved in Renewal Projects of Vernacular Architecture? Homeowner: The homeowner is a key person in the process of building renewal. Architect: Craftsmen: Institute of Monuments: Authorities: An architect has an extensive knowledge around all relevant building questions and if he is willing, he is able to find individual solutions for individual problems. Craftsmen are usually specialists for certain works, building techniques and materials and their know-how is mostly based on experience. If they are convinced to work carefully and with more traditional methods on old buildings the good result of their work will be visible and this is satisfactory. The Institute of Monuments is a state organiza tion that deals with our cultural heritage and that has the task to protect it. But it is also able to provide some advice services for people working on cultural heritage In rural areas the local authorities usually carry out the building regulations. They will give the permit for the assigned adaptation of the old building and the renewal project if it fulfills all requirements of the building regulation law.

17 The Working Process Emergency Measures The Renewal Project Building Investigation Analysis of the Building Investigation and Renewal Measures Constructive Structure: Ground-floor Plan: Materials and Building Techniques: Building Elements, Decorations and Colors: Technical Equipment: Damages: Rehabilitation Concept Future Use Design and Planing Building Materials, Techniques and Craftsmanship Time Schedule Costs Realization Preparation works Communication

18 south elevation section east elevation living room kitchen kitchen chamber chamber cellar stable stable dung-hill lavatory shed Inventory plan ground-floor plan/elevation/section Building Investigation

19 section east elevation living room hall children parents store/cellar kitchen prepare dish guest entrance hall garden restaurant new demolition Renewal project ground-floor plan/ elevation/section Rehabilitation Concept

20 Causes of Damages: Humidity: Hard render (1) on lower part of a wall has simply forced the rising damp to escape from the soft plaster (2) higher up. Horizontal damp proof barrier around the whole building. If correctly carried out, it can be a successful cure for rising damp but it can cause major structural problems Measures to help the building breath : 1 Drainage system 2 Soft plaser/mortar 3 Floor construction Controlling rising damp

21 Roof Covering Plain tile Viennese tile The adaptation of the attic to living space

22 Windows Decay to outer face of bottom rail including tenon 2 Carefully soften putty and remove glass 3 Remove or drill out wedges 4 Cut out hatched area to allow for removal of bottom rail 5 Gently knock down bottom rail after remo val of hatched areas of timber of each sashstile Inner section of stile relatively sound 2 Decay limited mainly to outer section of sash sile 3 Bottom rail and tenon sound 4 Sloping splice designed to give optimum area of surface to be glued, ensuring that moisture is directed away from the glazing line 5 Joint between new and existing timber formed with under cut to direct moisture towardes the outer fce of the sash stile 6 Brass screw fixings from inner face 7 Re-form anticapillary drip Bottom rail of sash window (S.P.A.B.) 7

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24 "The word "building" contains the double reality. It means both "the action of the verb BUILD" and "that which is built" - both verb and noun, both the action and the result. Whereas "architecture" may strive to be permanent, a "building" is always building and rebuilding. The idea is crystalline, the fact fluid. Could the idea be rewised to match the fact?" (Stewarr Brand, London 1997)