A Literature Review: Cloud Computing Energy Aspects Research and Reports

Transcription

1 ICT Innovations 2013 Web Proceedings ISSN A Literature Review: Cloud Computing Energy Aspects Research and Reports Enida Sheme 1, Neki Frasheri 2 1,2 Department of Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania 1 esheme@fti.edu.al, 2 nfrasheri@fti.edu.al Abstract. With the rapid growth of Cloud services and applications, more and more researches have been focused on performance improvements of greater and larger Data Centers. What about their energy consumption? Have we reached the point where energy consumption is limiting further performance growth? The aim of this study is to give light to the answers for these questions by presenting an overview of the energy issue in cloud computing. This paper provides an overview of researches and reports published in the latest three years, , in the fields of Cloud Computing Energy Efficiency improvements and awareness. Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Power Consumption, Green Cloud Computing 1 Introduction In this paper we present an overview of the current research regarding energy efficiency and keeping Cloud Computing as green as it is possible. Our main aim is to give a clue on the importance this area is being given to by researchers, their trend in the latest years, the impact that awareness reports of the actual energy state are bringing on intensifying Cloud energy efficiency research. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In the second section we present the methodology used for this study. In the third section we present results and analysis of the searches in a quantitative perspective. Then the fourth section presents results on specific research topic perspective. To conclude finally with the conclusions we have come preparing and accomplishing this study. 2 Methodology In order to assess the state of cloud computing energy (green) research and awareness, we portray a current landscape based on online computing database searching, such as IEEE, ACM, Google. We examined papers, reviews and their references, to result in a total of 40 study samples, papers and reports published during

2 106 ICT Innovations 2013 Web Proceedings ISSN We chose a classification framework to categorize our study sample of 40 articles, as shown in Table 1, based on the literature review, the interest of energy and green cloud computing research and the existing ACM Computing Classification System [1]. As we can see from the table 1, after a full text review of all selected publications, we grouped them in two main domains: research papers and reports. Then in these sub domains: Review, Improvements in existing Technology, New Design, regarding first domain, and Environmental Impact, Cloud Service Provider Perspective regarding the second domain. Table 1. Main classification scheme of publications in two domains and five sub domains. Domain 1.Research Paper 2.Report Subdomain 1) Review 2) Improvements in existing technology 3) New designs 1) Environmental Impact 2) Cloud Service Provider Perspective 3 Literature review: quantitative results and analysis In this section we give the results of our study, based on the methodology explained in section 2: we will classify all 40 selected publications of our search in two main categories: Papers and Reviews and give the results of our study. Table 2. Representation of the total number of publications per year regarding energy in cloud computing. This total is then classified in papers vs. reports, and percentage of them representing papers and reports Year Total nr. of publications Papers / Reports Percentage Papers / Reports(%) / 2 67 / / 4 60 / / 2 89 / / 1 86 / 14 Total / 9 - As we can see from table 2, 72.5% of all selected publications are research papers and 22.5% of them are reports. Till 2011 there has been a constant growth in number of publications in both research papers and reports, meanwhile in 2012 we can notice a descent on the number of reports but 2.5 times greater number of paper publications. We can justify this as an awareness impact of reports towards researchers of the field.

3 ICT Innovations 2013 Web Proceedings ISSN Based on table 1 classification scheme, we give the results on the total number of publications per sub domain and their percentage on the domain they are part of, shown in table 3. Table 3. Representation of the total number of publications per sub domain and percentage given by: number of each sub domain divided by total number of publications per domain Domain Sub domain Nr. of publications Percentage per domain Papers Review 5 16 % Improvements in % existing technology New designs % Reports Environmental Impact Cloud Service Provider Perspective % 33 % 4 Literature review: topics-related analysis This section is an overview of each of the sub domains, showed on table 1, regarding their specific topic on how they contribute to the energy issue. We could not have all full text publications of the four conferences to fully review them, so this analysis is focused on the 40 publications we presented on section 3.1. For every sub domain we will mention the main strategies, policies, focuses on their research, as well as references and possible analysis. 1. Research Papers: This domain includes latest academic researches on the field of energy and power consumption in cloud computing, focusing on new techniques, concepts, designs, or improvements on this area. We categorize them as follows: 1.1 Review: this sub domain consist of studies that tend to give a state of the art on energy issue on cloud computing and classifies the existing techniques or hardware and software current solutions on the field, like articles in [7],[26], [28], [29], [33]. 1.2 Improvements in existing Technology: they tend to focus on the implementation of optimization techniques such as virtualization and consolidation [2], [4], [23], [32], on evaluating cloud computing data centers aspects that directly or indirectly have impact on energy issues like: current network traffic [9], speed and stability [8], power consumption peak and valleys [10], power budgeting [24], energy awareness [39] 1.3 New Design: which includes studies presenting novel approaches [12], [31], resource management systems [6], simulating software [14], [15], algorithms and mechanisms for new energy-aware framework [17], [18], new methodologies for energy efficiency improvements [13], [16], new kind of usable energy [3], new architecture [34], new developed software [5], [30], [35], [36], [37]. 2. Reports: This domain includes latest reports on the field of energy and power consumption in cloud computing, focusing on the environmental impact cloud

4 108 ICT Innovations 2013 Web Proceedings ISSN computing has for the moment, its trends for the future, statistics awareness on the area, as well as cloud service providers perspective for the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing regarding energy consumption. 2.1 Environmental Impact: this includes publications that highlight the current state of energy issue on cloud computing, how this current trend can result too problematic regarding environment and worthless consumed energy, as well as new design considerations for green data centers. Main organizations or companies contributing on this sub domain are: Greenpeace [20], [21], [22], U.S. Energy Information Administration [38], Analytic Press [27], Dimension Data [11] Cloud Service Provider Perspective: we will mention IBM, Dell and Google Reports. IBM gives its Energy Management Strategy in their Data Centers and IT Efficiency [25]; Dell gives its ideas on usage of techniques such as consolidation and hyperscale hardware, virtualization, integrated solutions for lower power consumption via better hardware designs [40]. Meanwhile Google gives an all new perspective on how cloud computing can in fact be seen as part of the solution towards a more energy efficient future. According to [19], migrating to the cloud can produce estimated energy savings of 68 87% for typical companies. 5 Conclusions In this paper we gave an overview of the current level of research on cloud computing energy aspects. We presented a literature review classifying a selected group of publications, a total of 40 papers and reports published in the four recent years. We provided results and analyzed them. We identified that 72.5% of all selected publications are research papers and 22.5% of them are reports. Till 2011 there has been a constant growth in number of publications in both research papers and reports, meanwhile in 2012 we can notice a descent on the number of reports and 2.5 times greater number of paper publications. We also perform a topic-related analysis to show the main current research techniques: hardware or software solutions for better energy-efficiency cloud systems. To conclude, this paper can also help academics or practitioners interested in the cloud computing area to consider research on the energy efficiency issue, as we can see its importance and growth of research level on this specific area recently. References 1. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM): Computing Classification System, (2012) 2. Alan Roytman, Aman Kansal, Sriram Govindan, Jie Liu, and Suman Nath: Algorithm Design for Performance Aware VM Consolidation, no. MSR-TR , (2013) 3. Aman Kansal, Bhuvan Urgaonkar, and Sriram Govindan: Using Dark Fiber to Replace Diesel Generators, in XIV Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS), USENIX, (2013)

5 ICT Innovations 2013 Web Proceedings ISSN Aman Kansal, Feng Zhao, Shekhar Srikantaiah: Energy Aware Consolidation For Cloud Computing, Microsoft Research (2012) 5. Aman Kansal: Building a More Efficient Data Center - from Servers to Software, Microsoft Research (2013) 6. Anton Beloglazov, Rajkumar Buyya: Energy Efficient Resource Management in Virtualized Cloud Data Centers, 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (2010) 7. Anton Beloglazov, Rajkumar Buyya, Young Choon Lee, and Albert Zomaya: A Taxonomy and Survey of Energy-Efficient Data Centers and Cloud Computing Systems, CLOUDS Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Australia (2011) 8. Arka Bhattacharya, Aman Kansal, David Culler, Sriram Sankar, and Sriram Govindan: The Need for Speed and Stability in Data Center Power Capping, in Third International Green Computing Conference (IGCC'12) (2012) 9. Christina Delimitrou, Sriram Sankar, Aman Kansal, and Christos Kozyrakis: ECHO- Recreating Network Traffic Maps for Datacenters with Tens of Thousands of Servers, in IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization, IEEE (2012) 10. Di Wang, Chuangang Ren, Sriram Govindan,Anand Sivasubramaniam, Bhuvan Urgaonkar, Aman Kansal, Kushagra Vaid: ACE: Abstracting, Characterizing and Exploiting Peaks and Valleys in Datacenter Power Consumption, in ACM SIGMETRICS, ACM (2013) 11. Dimension Data Report: Seven Design Considerations for a Green Data Centre (2011) 12. Drazen Lucanin, Michael Maurer, Toni Mastelic, Ivona Brandic: Energy Efficient Service Delivery in Clouds in Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol, (2012) 13.Dzmitry Kliazovich, Pascal Bouvry, Samee Ullah Khan: DENS: Data Center Energy- Efficient Network-Aware Scheduling, GreenCom Conference (2010) 14. Dzmitry Kliazovich, Pascal Bouvry, Samee Ullah Khan: Simulating Communication Processes in Energy- Efficient Cloud Computing Systems, 2012 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cloud Networking (CLOUDNET), Invited Paper (2012) 15. Dzmitry Kliazovich, Pascal Bouvry, Yury Audzevich, Samee Ullah Khan: GreenCloud: a packet-level simulator of energy-aware Cloud Computing Data Centers, University of Luxemburg publication (2010) 16. Elena Irina Neaga A Digital Infrastructure for Green Utility Computing: The Preliminary Holistic Research Agenda, 3-rd International Conference on Cloud Computing (2012) 17. Eugen Feller, Cyril Rohr, David Margery, Christine Morin: Energy Management in IaaS Clouds: A Holistic Approach, Project-Teams MYRIADS (2012) 18. Eugen Feller, Matthieu Simonin, Anne-Cécile Orgerie and Christine Morin Snooze: An autonomic and energy-efficient management system for virtualized clusters, Myriads, IRISA, Rennes, France (2013) 19. Google Report Google Apps: Energy Efficiency in the Cloud (2012) 20. Greenpeace International Report: How Clean Is Your Cloud - Catalysing an energy revolution (2012) 21. Greenpeace International Report: How Dirty Is Your Data - A Look at the Energy Choices That Power Cloud Computing (2011) 22. Greenpeace International Report: Make IT Green - CloudComputing and its Contribution to Climate Change (2010) 23. Hadi Goudarzi and Massoud Pedram: Energy-Efficient Virtual Machine Replication and Placement, in a Cloud Computing System (2012) 24. Harold Lim, Aman Kansal, and Jie Liu: Power Budgeting for Virtualized Data Centers, in 2011 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC '11), USENIX (2011) 25. IBM Deutschland Research & Development GmbH Report: Energy Management in a Cloud Computing Environment - Smarter Data Centers (2010) 26. John R. Savageau: Data Center Consolidation and Cloud Computing: Discussion and Overview (2010)

6 110 ICT Innovations 2013 Web Proceedings ISSN Jonathan G. Koomey: Growth in Data Center Electricity Use 2005 to 2010, Analytics Press Report (2011) 28. Michael Maurer: Towards Energy-efficient Cloud Computing, VITALAB Distributed Systems Group (2012) 29. Monika Malhothra, Shuchi Sharma: A True Green Cloud Data Centers, International Journal of Computing & Business Research, I-Society 2012 Proceedings (2012) 30. Nitin Singh Chauhan, Ashutosh Saxena: A Green Software Development Life Cycle for Cloud Computing, IEEE Computer Society (2013) 31. Peter Xiang Gao, Andrew R. Curtis, Bernard Wong, S. Keshav: It s Not Easy Being Green, SIGCOMM 12 (2012) 32. Pooja. R.Kalange, Prashant Vyankatrao Raut: Green Cloud Computing: Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) (2012) 33. Rajkumar Buyya: Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing: Opportunities and Challenges, ManjraSoft (2012) 34. Rayman Preet, S. Keshav, Tim Brecht: HITS: An Cloud-based architecture for energy management in the Smart Grid, Information Systems and Science for Energy (ISS4E) Laboratory (2012) 35. Ripal Nathuji: GreenClouds: Combining cloud computing software with energy efficient ARM hardware, CloudStack Collaboration Conference (2012) 36. Sriram Govindan, Jie Liu, Aman Kansal, and Anand Sivasubramaniam: Cuanta: Quantifying Effects of Shared On-chip Resource Interference for Consolidated Virtual Machines, in ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC), ACM (2011) 37. Sriram Govindan, Jie Liu, Aman Kansal, and Anand Sivasubramaniam, Cuanta: Quantifying Effects of Shared On-chip Resource Interference for Consolidated Virtual Machines, no. MSR-TR (2011) 38. U.S. Energy Information Administration Report: International Energy Outlook (2011) 39. Weiwei Xiong and Aman Kansal: Energy Efficient Data Intensive Distributed Computing, in IEEE Data Engineering (Special Issue on Energy Aware Big Data Processing), IEEE Computer Society (2011) 40. Yoram Heller: Finding Energy Efficiency in the Cloud: Why it Matters, and How to Get There (2013)