Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 1/29. Jean-Louis Pazat. IRISA/INSA Rennes, FRANCE MYRIADS Project Team

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1 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 1/29 Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA/INSA Rennes, FRANCE MYRIADS Project Team

2 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 2/29 OUTLINE Clouds and SOA: A green perspective The Magic Green Broker Conclusion

3 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 3/29 CLOUDS & SOA a green perspective

4 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 4/29 CLOUDS: An old idea? GRID fundations: Computing as an "utility" Novembre 1998

5 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 5/29 CLOUDS vs GRIDS GRID is about technology Tools for using distributed resources in a seamless way CLOUD is about business Pay-per-use model for data & computation The technical basis of Clouds: Virtualization Clouds are today Data/computer centers Federations of Clouds/Grids in Clouds/Clouds in Grids are for tomorrow

6 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 6/29 CLOUDS Two types of usage Computing Data Storage More than one concept IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service you get a "virtual computer PaaS: Platform as a Service includes OS and software tools to build your (web) application SaaS: Software as a service Software is installed, running. You can call a service

7 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 7/29 Green Challenges for CLOUDS Should be seen in a business perspective CLOUD users don t care about energy used in Data centers their main concern is price CLOUD providers Care about energy Because of the cost Because of their reputation How to enforce a green perspective? Taxes?

8 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 8/29 SERVICES & SOA In the SOA model applications are hidden Everything is a service or a process No more application view A service does something for you Could be a piece of software or a human Described with an interface, can be dynamically discovered and invoked One should not worry about who does the work (it may change) Most services are stateless A Business Process describes How to achieve some goal Uses services New interest in SOA due to Cloud usage

9 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 9/29 SOA: A green perspective? Green IT? Green workflows, green services, green SLAs Green Services? Services can expose some QoS parameters => Need for green parameters Energy, CO2 Usual difficult problem: How to enforce/guarantee SLA? Even more difficult with energy

10 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 10/29 Cloud computing & Services Layered Architecture Final User chooses a service provider calls services Service provider chooses a platform provider provides service implementation Platform provider chooses infrastructure provider deploys/configure service Infrastructure provider Mainly Provides (V)Ms Service user Service provider Platform provider Infrastructure provider SaaS PaaS IaaS

11 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 11/29 Cloud Computing & Services User vs Provider Requirements Users view: Price (including energy) & Quality (including CO2) Final user (SaaS user) needs garantees on service execution (Performance, availability) SaaS provider (SaaS & PaaS user) garantees on single service execution (Performance, availability) Easily deployment of distributed applications PaaS provider (IaaS user) Easily deployment of distributed applications Elastic resources Providers view: Profit & Reputation Efficient use of resources (including energy consumption) Includes «virtual resources» such as Services High resource utilization

12 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 12/29 Cloud Computing & Services a limited choice Final user Service provider Platform provider Infrastructure provider SES Apps EMR Google App Engine EC2 Google Compute Engine

13 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 13/29 Cloud Computing & Services I want to choose

14 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 14/29 Cloud Computing & Services I want to choose Service provider SaaS Service user Platform provider PaaS Implementation Provider SaaS I want to choose everything Infrastructure provider IaaS According to «green» and many other garantees I want to change dynamically my providers Today this is not possible However it would be a nightmare

15 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 15/29 Cloud Computing & Services A bigger Picture Service Composition provider Service provider SaaS The key player is the Service composition provider Platform provider Implementation Provider PaaS SaaS Infrastructure provider This is a business organization for tomorrow s CLOUDs This is not a technical layered architecture Many different players Need for a broker to help users A «Magic Broker» could help IaaS

16 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 16/29 The Magic Green Broker

17 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 17/29 The Magic Green Broker I need a «service/cloud advisor» Let s call it a Magic Green Broker Allows to choose the best providers, the best configurations Is able to dynamically adapt sotware & resources Negociates/controls quality Is the best way to get end-to-end energy control? But still one of my dreams

18 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 18/29 Building a Magic Green Broker Adaptation at the IaaS level: Snooze Multilevel adaptation: SAFDIS Brokering at the PaaS level: QU4DS

19 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 19/29 Adaptation at the IaaS level SNOOZE: an Autonomous & Energy Aware VM Management System Context & Motivation Huge data centers (dozen of thousands of servers) Scalable management of large numbers of VM Energy-hungry data centers Energy conservation during periods of low utilization Approach Scalability Distributed VM management Dynamic hierarchical management system Self-organizing & self-healing hierarchy Energy conservation Idle nodes in power-saving mode Holistic approach - 19

20 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 20/29 Scalable VM Management System Hierarchical algorithm for VM placement Scalable monitoring Heartbeats, multicast groups and election algorithm for self-organization and self-healing Holistic approach for Energy conservation Underload/overload mitigation Dynamic consolidation Modified version of the SERCON algorithm Power management Evaluation on Grid 5000 on a 144 node cluster with realistic scientific and elastic web applications Fault tolerance features do not impact application performance Negligible cost is involved in performing distributed VM management System remains highly scalable with increasing number of VMs and hosts Significant energy savings for elastic web applications - 20

21 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 21/29 Multilevel Adaptation: SAFDIS The SAFDIS experimental framework Generic framework based on the MAPE-K model Distributed & decentralized ; OSGi implementation Focus on Distributed Adaptation & Planning Monitoring Analysis Planning Execution Service Composition Single Service Execution Platform

22 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 22/29 Adaptation at Any Level Policy Guide Decision Planning Execution Event Manager Adaptation Framework Monitor Monitor Monitor Service-Based Application Probe Effector Service-Oriented Platform Probe Effector Infrastructure (OS & Hardware) Probe Effector Framework internals

23 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 23/29 Goal Monitoring To provide a dynamic view of the system How Probes Monitors Event Manager Pull & push probing Composite events Adaptation Framework Event Manager Monitor Monitor Monitor Service-Based Application Service-Oriented Platform Probe Probe Infrastructure (OS & Hardware) Probe

24 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 24/29 Results Prototype partly integrated in a component based environment Large scale experiments still missing Used in an «Internet of Things» Application Some lessons Decision is one of the most important part Early bad decisions can lead to worse configurations Late decisions cannot solve problems Planning is difficult Efficiency? Avoid «hazardous states»

25 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 25/29 A PaaS level Broker: Qu4DS Contract types deployment and service execution Fixed (or negociated) time slot Multiple service calls SLA templates used for negotiation Created by the service provider Only Labels (no values) Pricing model Pay-per-use Function of expenses Fines No auctions

26 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 26/29 Work done An approach for specifying and enforcing SLAs Creation of SLA templates + Pricing model Enforcement: QoS assurance mechanisms Performance & Fault tolerance Validation Prevention of losses for distinct fine costs Lessons learned PaaS as a third party? Allows to define better SLAs IaaS do not provide realistic SLAs for business use Works like an insurance mechanism for final users Allows to enforce fault tolerance Could also use more than one IaaS provider Could generate profits By underprovisionning resources (=overbooking)

27 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 27/29 Conclusion

28 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 28/29 Conclusion What is so new in these designs? There should be a contract between any piece of software from Application to OS These contracts are a place of choice for green parameters We still have a lot of work to design a Magic Green Broker We need to re-think OS level software design

29 Towards the Magic Green Broker Jean-Louis Pazat IRISA 29/29 Thanks for your attention Questions?

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