Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser Performance Objectives CONTENTS

Transcription

1 Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser Performance Objectives CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...1 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREAS Nutrient Movement in Soil and Water Nutrient Application, Availability, and Uptake Crop Nutrient Deficiencies Soil Test Interpretation Lime Application and Soil ph Manures and Biosolids Nutrient Management Planning... 6 SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREAS Natural Resource Conservation Issues Soil Productivity and Environmental Management Water Quality Soil Erosion INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) COMPETENCY AREAS IPM Principles and Concepts Insect Management Crop Disease Management Weed Management Health, Safety, and Environmental Stewardship of Pesticides Pesticide Performance and Application CROP MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREAS Cropping Decisions Hybrid and Variety Selection Crop Growth, Development, and Diagnostics Crop Harvesting, Handling, and Storage Managing Agronomic Information RESOURCE MATERIAL INFORMATION... 24

2 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES FOR THE TRI-STATE CERTIFIED CROP ADVISER PROGRAM ILLINOIS--INDIANA--OHIO INTRODUCTION The Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) Program is an educational program with two main goals: to certify individuals who have passed a minimum competency examination and to establish a mechanism of continuing education for those already certified. At the core of this program are the Competency Areas and Performance Objectives (P.O. s). These describe the knowledge and skills that crop advisers consider important in order to carry out their duties. The Competency Areas and P.O. s outlined in this publication are the result of a cooperative effort by the Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois CCA Boards. The purpose of this Tri-State CCA initiative is to eliminate unnecessary duplication of time, effort, and expense spent on managing the minimum competency exam, and to coordinate mutual continuing education efforts. This document contains the Competency Areas and Performance Objectives that are common to the tri-state region. To become certified, an individual must be competent in areas addressed in both the International and Tri-State P.O. documents. The Tri-State P.O. s are intended to complement, not duplicate, the International P.O. s. The Tri-State P.O. s address areas of crop advising that are specific to the tri-state region. The P.O. s are dynamic and will be upgraded, changed and modified as the needs of crop advisers in the tri-state region evolve. While this is a cooperative effort, the authority and management of each state s CCA program remains with the state CCA boards. J.J. Vorst J.E. Wiercioch

3 Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREAS 1. Nutrient Movement in Soil and Water 2. Nutrient Application, Availability, and Uptake 3. Crop Nutrient Deficiencies 4. Soil Test Interpretation 5. Lime Application and Soil ph 6. Manures and Biosolids 7. Nutrient Management Planning 2

4 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREA 1. NUTRIENT MOVEMENT IN SOIL AND WATER 1. Recognize how the following affect nutrient movement in soil and water a. temperature and precipitation b. soil physical, chemical, and biological properties c. tillage d. nutrient form e. rate of application f. time of application g. method of application COMPETENCY AREA 2. NUTRIENT APPLICATION, AVAILABILITY, AND UPTAKE 2. Recognize how the following affect nitrogen fertilization practices a. soil texture b. soil organic matter c. crop and cropping system d. soil moisture e. soil temperature f. time and method of application 3. Describe how soil ph and soil nitrogen levels affect nitrogen fixation 4. Describe how to use the following nitrogen fertilizers a. anhydrous ammonia b. urea c. Urea/Ammonium-Nitrate (UAN) solutions d. ammonium sulfate e. manure/biosolids 5. Explain factors affecting when to apply the fertilizers listed in #4 6. Describe characteristics of slow and controlled release fertilizers 7. Explain when to use urease and nitrification inhibitors in a nitrogen fertilization program 3

5 8. Recognize how the following affect phosphorus fertilization and uptake a. soil texture b. soil ph c. soil test results d. soil moisture e. soil temperature f. tillage system g. crop and cropping system h. source of P i. band vs. broadcast application 9. Recognize how the following factors affect potassium fertilization and availability to crops a. soil texture b. soil test results c. soil moisture d. tillage system e. crop and cropping system f. cation exchange capacity (CEC) g. fall, winter, or spring application 10. List advantages and limitations of banded and seed placed methods of applying N, P, and K fertilizers 11. Describe environmental and economic impacts of the following on applying N, P, and K a. time b. method c. form COMPETENCY AREA 3. CROP NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES 12. Recognize nitrogen deficiency symptoms in corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa 13. Recognize phosphorus deficiency symptoms in corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa 14. Recognize potassium deficiency symptoms in corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa 15. Identify plant deficiency symptoms for the following a. magnesium in corn b. sulfur in corn and alfalfa c. zinc in corn d. boron in alfalfa e. iron or manganese in soybeans 16. Describe how to apply nutrients for correcting deficiencies listed in #

6 17. List soil characteristics and cropping systems that contribute to causing nutrient deficiencies listed # Describe environmental conditions that cause deficiencies in #12-15 COMPETENCY AREA 4. SOIL TEST INTERPRETATION 19. Explain how the following items on a soil test report affect nutrient recommendations a. CEC b. soil ph c. buffer ph d. organic matter e. P level f. K level g. Ca/Mg level 20. Explain why phosphorus recommendations differ between Bray P1 and Mehlich-3 soil test procedures 21. Explain how to interpret soil nitrate and incubation tests for nitrogen availability COMPETENCY AREA 5. LIME APPLICATION AND SOIL PH 22. Recognize how the following factors affect lime application a. tillage system b. crop and cropping system d. soil type e. soil ph and buffer ph e. timing of surface urea application 23. Describe how dolomitic differs from calcitic limestone 24. Describe how fineness and purity influence lime quality 25. Recognize how soil ph affects nutrient availability 26. Describe appropriate uses of liquid or pelletted lime 27. Explain how soil ph affects herbicide activity COMPETENCY AREA 6. MANURES AND BIOSOLIDS 28. List nutrient availability rates from manure/biosolids 29. Describe advantages and limitations of using manure/biosolids as nutrient sources 30. Describe timing, methods, and rates of applying manures and biosolids 5

7 COMPETENCY AREA 7. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLANNING 31. Name the agency responsible for overseeing Nutrient Management Plans 32. Use soil test reports to make economically and environmentally sound fertilizer recommendations 33. List the purposes of a nutrient management plan 34. Identify sources of information to meet legal requirements for nutrient management planning for your state 6

8 Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREAS 1. Natural Resource Conservation Issues 2. Soil Productivity and Environmental Management 3. Water Quality 4. Soil Erosion 7

9 SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREA 1. NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION ISSUES 1. Describe how the following affect conservation of natural resources a. sedimentation b. soil erosion c. nutrient transport d. pesticide transport e. manure/biosolids management 2. Describe how the following practices affect soil and water conservation a. tillage/residue management b. nutrient management c. pest management d. buffer strips, riparian areas, field borders e. cropping systems 3. Describe how the following conservation practices impact wildlife habitat a. crop rotation b. tillage/residue management c. buffer strips, riparian areas, field borders 4. Identify costs/benefits associated with implementing conservation measures 5. Identify state and federal agencies involved with soil and water management 6. Define soil erosion tolerance level (T) 7. Define highly erodible land (HEL) 8. Describe land management practices recommended for HEL 9. List factors used by USDA to define a wetland (WL) 10. Describe how planned drainage and cropping systems affect the management of wetlands COMPETENCY AREA 2. SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 11. Explain how the following affect soil and crop productivity potential a. soil nutrient level b. tillage/residue management c. crop rotation d. soil organisms e. drainage f. cover crops g. soil texture h. soil organic matter 8

10 12. Describe how the following factors influence soil temperature and moisture a. plant cover b. surface residue c. tillage system d. soil organic matter e. soil texture f. drainage 13. Describe how the following influence soil compaction a. soil moisture b. soil texture c. organic matter d. tillage practices e. traffic patterns f. livestock g. machinery 14. Explain how the following factors influence water infiltration into soil a. plant cover b. surface residue c. tillage system d. soil slope COMPETENCY AREA 3. WATER QUALITY 15. Define hypoxia 16. Define eutrophication 17. Describe how the following influence movement of pollutants in surface water quality a. soil permeability b. topography c. cropping practices d. surface and subsurface drainage e. controlled drainage f. pollutant characteristics g. conservation buffer strips and setbacks h. soil test nutrient levels i. tillage practices j. livestock operations k. nutrient application methods 9

11 18. Explain how the following influence movement of pollutants in groundwater quality a. pollutant characteristics b. slope c. nutrient type, form and time of application d. water table depth e. soil permeability f. restrictive layers g. soil nutrient levels h. Karst topography i. exposed sand and gravel j. abandoned wells k. livestock lots 19. Describe nutrient application practices that minimize nutrient loss from a field 20. Define total maximum daily load (TMDL) 21. Define water quality impairment 22. Describe how the following affect water quality a. sediments b. nutrients c. pathogens d. pesticides 23. Describe soil characteristics that affect rate of liquid manure/waste application COMPETENCY AREA 4. SOIL EROSION 24. Describe how soil erosion affects the following a. water quality b. waterway, stream, and lake sedimentation c. soil productivity potential 25. Describe how to measure soil loss from the following a. sheet and rill erosion b. gully erosion c. wind erosion 26. Describe how the following management practices affect sheet and rill erosion a. tillage/residue management practices b. crop rotation c. cover crops d. row spacing and direction 10

12 27. Describe how the following management practices affect erosion by wind a. tillage/residue management b. surface roughness c. row direction d. crop strip width e. windbreak f. cover crops 28. Describe how water and sediment control basins, grassed waterways, and grade stabilization structures affect erosion 29. Describe how wind erosion damages growing crops 30. Describe how to use the line transect method to measure crop residue 11

13 Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREAS 1. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles and Concepts 2. Insect Management 3. Crop Disease Management 4. Weed Management 5. Health, Safety, and Environmental Stewardship of Pesticides 6. Pesticide Performance and Application 12

14 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREA 1. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS 1. Describe characteristics of diseases, insects, and weeds that make them crop pests 2. Explain how the following factors influence field scouting a. sampling pattern b. pest life cycle c. sampling time and frequency d. field history e. pest population level 3. Use crop scouting field resources to diagnose problems 4. Describe how the following environmental factors affect pest management recommendations a. low temperature stress b. drought c. heat stress d. excessive moisture 5. Describe pest problems associated with the following tillage systems a. intensive b. reduced c. no-till d. strip-till 6. List factors to consider when using transgenic, chemical, cultural, mechanical, or biological pest control methods COMPETENCY AREA 2. INSECT MANAGEMENT 7. Identify the following pests at the life stages indicated below Adult Adult and Larval or Nymph Larval aphids bean leaf beetle brown stink bug flea beetle spider mites corn rootworms corn borers Hessian fly Japanese beetle Mexican bean beetle potato leafhopper Western bean cutworm white fly 8. Identify crop injury symptoms caused by each pest in objective #7 9. Describe management alternatives for each pest in objective #7 alfalfa weevil armyworm cutworms earworms grape colaspis seedcorn maggot stalk borer white grubs wireworm 13

15 10. Explain how the following insect characteristics influence pest management decisions a. developmental time and period of activity b. host plants for egg, larval, pupal, adult or nymph insect life stages c. site of insect feeding on plant d. insect mobility 11. Explain how an insect s overwintering and oversummering strategies affect pest management decisions 12. Describe how the following cropping practices affect potential crop damage from insects a. planting date b. harvest date c. tillage method d. weed control method e. hybrid, variety and trait selection f. crop rotation 13. Explain why refuge design in insect resistant crops varies with insect species COMPETENCY AREA 3. CROP DISEASE MANAGEMENT 14. Identify the symptoms of the following crop diseases Corn Soybeans ear rots gray leaf spot corn leaf blights seedling blights stalk rots rusts brown stem rot phytophthora root rot seedling blights soybean cyst nematode sudden death syndrome sclerotinia stem rot bean pod mottle virus Asian rust Wheat barley yellow dwarf virus head scab powdery mildews rusts septoria glume blotch septoria leaf blotch complex Alfalfa phytophthora anthracnose bacterial wilt leaf spots 14

16 15. Explain how the following factors affect the severity of crop disease damage a. cultivar or hybrid selection b. fertility practices c. insect vectors d. date of planting e. weather events f. tillage system g. crop rotation h. soil compaction i. alternate host 16. Describe how the following factors affect plant disease management a. time of infection b. stage of crop development c. environmental stresses COMPETENCY AREA 4. WEED MANAGEMENT Weed Identification and Biology 17. Identify the following vegetative structures of grass weeds a. ligule b. auricle c. blade d. sheath e. underground structures f. hairs 18. Identify broadleaf weeds using the following characteristics a. cotyledon shape b. true leaf shape c. leaf arrangement d. underground structures e. seed 19. Identify the following weeds at seedling, vegetative and reproductive growth stages Sedges and Grasses Broadleaves Broadleaves barnyardgrass crabgrasses fall panicum giant foxtail green foxtail yellow foxtail Johnsongrass quackgrass shattercane woolly cupgrass yellow nutsedge bindweeds burcucumber Canada thistle common chickweed common cocklebur common milkweed common ragweed giant ragweed dandelion eastern black nightshade hemp dogbane henbit horseweed (marestail) jimsonweed kochia lambsquarters morningglories pigweeds poison hemlock pokeweed purple deadnettle smartweeds velvetleaf waterhemps wild carrot wild garlic wild mustard wild onion 20. Classify each weed in #19 as winter annual, summer annual, biennial, or perennial 15

17 21. Explain how tillage systems affect weed populations and species Weed Control 22. Describe plant damage symptoms for corn and soybeans caused by the following herbicide mode of action groups a. amino acid synthesis inhibitors b. cell growth inhibitors c. cell membrane disruptors d. growing point disintegrators e. growth regulators f. photosynthesis inhibitors g. pigment inhibitors 23. Describe how to use the following cultural and mechanical methods to control weeds a. crop rotation b. plant population and row spacing c. tillage and cultivation d. planting date of crop e. proper soil fertility and ph 24. Describe how to manage herbicide tolerant crop systems Weed Resistance Management 25. List factors that cause weeds to develop resistance to herbicides 26. List methods that can help prevent weeds from developing herbicide resistance 27. Describe how to identify and manage herbicide resistant weed populations COMPETENCY AREA 5. HEALTH, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP OF PESTICIDES 28. Explain how the following chemical factors influence the persistence and carryover of pesticides within a field environment a. microbial degradation b. photodegradation c. chemical breakdown d. volatility e. sorption 29. Explain how the following environmental factors influence the persistence and carryover of pesticides within a field environment a. soil ph b. moisture c. temperature d. leaching e. soil erosion 30. Explain how the pesticide signal words Caution, Warning, and Danger relate to toxicity 16

18 31. List sources of information about your state's pesticide laws 32. List record keeping requirements related to pesticides 33. Using information on a label or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), determine the following a. toxicity b. handling precautions c. first aid procedures d. safety information e. environmental hazards f. dosage or use rate g. application restrictions h. Re-Entry Interval (REI) COMPETENCY AREA 6. PESTICIDE PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATION Pesticide Performance 34. Recognize how soil and environmental factors affect pesticide performance 35. Explain how timing of application affects pesticide performance 36. Describe how to use the following information to develop a pest management program a. field pest history b. severity of infestation c. crop growth stage d. application method e. economic threshold f. previous pesticide applications g. non-pesticide alternatives 37. Describe how the following factors affect liquid pesticide performance a. spray pattern b. spray pressure c. application rate d. application speed e. adjuvants f. pesticide compatibility g. carrier h. mixing order i. wind speed j. water characteristics 17

19 Pesticide Application 38. Describe how the following pesticide formulations differ a. water soluble liquids b. water soluble powders c. wettable powders d. emulsifiable concentrates e. water dispersible granules f. pellets g. granules 39. Describe the pattern form, relative droplet size, proper pattern overlap, operating pressure, and primary uses of the following nozzle types a. standard flat fan b. even flat fan c. flood tip d. air injection e. twin jet 40. List consequences of inadequate spray equipment 41. Explain why frequency of cleaning spray equipment is important 42. Distinguish spray particle drift from volatilization 18

20 Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser CROP MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREAS: 1. Cropping Decisions 2. Hybrid and Variety Selection 3. Crop Growth, Development, and Diagnostics 4. Crop Harvesting, Handling, and Storage 5. Managing Agronomic Information 19

21 CROP MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY AREA 1. CROPPING DECISIONS 1. Describe how the following affect management decisions within continuous and rotational systems a. pest resistance b. pest persistence c. crop traits d. residue management e. tillage f. nutrient management g. soil physical properties 2. Describe environmental and economic factors which influence selection of a tillage system 3. List agronomic advantages and limitations of intensive, reduced, strip-till, and no-till systems 4. Describe consequences of planting corn, soybeans, wheat, or forage crops earlier or later than optimum 5. Describe how row spacing affects the following a. weed control b. disease control c. insect control d. crop yield e. interplant competition f. lodging 6. Describe how the following factors influence selection of optimum population a. soil type b. planting date c. hybrid and variety d. row spacing e. irrigation 7. List advantages and limitations of growing pure grass or legume stands versus mixed stands COMPETENCY AREA 2. HYBRID AND VARIETY SELECTION 8. Describe how the following influence hybrid and variety selection: a. yield potential for corn, soybeans, and wheat b. maturity rating for corn, soybeans, and wheat c. lodging resistance in corn, soybeans, and wheat d. pest resistance in corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa e. winter hardiness of wheat and alfalfa f. intended end use of corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa 20

22 9. Describe how the following affect transgenic crop selection a. refuge design b. weed control program c. insect control program d. trait characteristics 10. Describe how planting date affects hybrid and variety selection 11. Describe how tillage systems affect hybrid and variety selection 12. Describe the advantages and limitations of growing the following: a. herbicide resistant crops b. insect resistant crops c. disease resistant crops d. non-gm crops e. drought resistant crops 13. Describe the agronomic and economic advantages and limitations of growing valueadded crops COMPETENCY AREA 3. CROP GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DIAGNOSTICS 14. Use the Iowa State system to identify corn and soybean growth stages 15. Identify the location of growing points through vegetative stages of corn and soybeans 16. Differentiate soybean fixation nodules and soybean cysts 17. Use the Feeke s scale to identify each of the following growth stages in cereal grains a. emergence b. tillering c. jointing d. boot e. flag leaf emergence f. physiological maturity 18. Describe how corn, soybeans, and wheat respond to row spacing, population, and inrow plant spacing variation 19. Use the node injury scale to quantify corn root injury 20. Describe physical damage to corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa from a. hail b. frost c. flooding d. drought 21

23 21. Identify the most susceptible growth stage of corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa for each type of damage in # Describe how the following inhibit stand development and plant growth a. planter operation b. pesticide application c. pests d. soil factors e. climatic factors f. nutrient placement 23. Use the following factors to make a replant decision a. type and level of crop damage b. crop growth stage c. calendar date d. potential yield e. environmental factors 24. Describe how crop and pest growth stages affect the following management decisions a. pest management b. nutrient management c. water management d. tillage 25. Identify the following growth stages of alfalfa a. vegetative b. flowering c. one-tenth bloom d. full bloom 26. Identify wheat and alfalfa frost heaving damage COMPETENCY AREA 4. CROP HARVESTING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE 27. Describe how the following factors affect harvest practices and timing a. crop moisture b. drying cost c. weather forecast d. forage growth stage e. pest population and activity f. susceptibility to lodging 28. Identify the following causes of harvest loss in corn, soybeans, wheat, and forages due to a. machine operation b. environmental conditions c. nutrient deficiencies d. pest infestations e. crop moisture 22

24 29. Describe how storage moisture, temperature, and pests affect grain quality and marketability 30. Describe harvest, handling, and storage practices for identity-preserved (IP) crops 31. Describe how timing and frequency of perennial forage harvest affects a. legume/grass mix b. stand longevity c. forage quality d. annual yield COMPETENCY AREA 5. MANAGING AGRONOMIC INFORMATION 32. Describe how the following affect reliability of agronomic trials: a. weather variability b. field variability c. number of locations d. number of treatments e. number of replications f. trial and sample size 33. Develop an agronomic trial to compare treatment effects 34. Relate site specific information to yield map variability 35. Describe how to use crop management data to make crop management decisions 23

25 RESOURCE MATERIALS FOR THE TRI-STATE CERTIFIED CROP ADVISER PROGRAM The Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) Program is an educational program with two main goals: to certify individuals who have passed a minimum competency examination and to establish a mechanism of continuing education for those already certified. More information can be found about the program by visiting the CCA homepage at This document contains resource materials that address the competency areas and performance objectives of the Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser Program. It is intended to provide guidance, for those seeking certification, on where to obtain information about knowledge and skills used by CCA s. Resources for the Tri-State Certified Crop Adviser Program Nutrient Management and Soil and Water Management 1. Soil Science & Management by Edward J. Plaster, 3rd ed., 1997, Delmar Publishers: Albany NY 2. Fundamentals of Soil Science by Henry D. Foth, 8th ed., 1990, John Wiley & Sons Publishing: NYC NY 3. The Nature and Properties of Soils by Nyle C. Brady & Ray R. Weil, 12th ed., 1999, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River NJ 4. Soils in our Environment by Roy L. Donahue & Raymond W. Miller, 7th ed., 1995, Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs NJ 5. Soil Fertility by Boyd G. Ellis & Henry D. Foth, 2nd ed., 1997, CRC Press: Boca Raton FL 6. Soils in our Environment by Duane T. Gardiner & Raymond W. Miller, 8th ed., 1998, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River NJ 7. Soils and Soil Fertility by Louis M. Thompson & Frederick R. Troeh, 5th ed., 1993, Oxford University Press: NYC NY 8. Natural Resource Conservation by D. D. Chiras & Oliver S. Owen, 6th ed., 1995, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River NJ Integrated Pest Management 1. Applied Weed Science by Carole A. Lembi & Merrill A. Ross, 2nd ed., 1999, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River NJ 24

26 2. Seed Corn Pest Management Manual for the Midwest by multiple authors, Rev. 4/1995, Purdue University Pest Management Program, Purdue Cooperative Extension Service, and the Department of Botany & Plant Pathology 3. Pest Management by G. A. Matthews, 1984, Longman Group Ltd: NYC NY 4. The Science of Entomology by William S. Romoser & John G. Stoffolano Jr., 4th ed., 1998, WCB/McGraw-Hill: NYC NY 5. The Standard Pesticide User's Guide by Bert L. Bohmont, 5th ed., 2000, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River NJ 6. Entomology & Pest Management by Larry P. Pedigo, 4th ed., 2002, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River NJ 7. The Biochemistry & Uses of Pesticides by Kenneth A. Hassall, 2nd ed., 1990, VCH Publishers Inc: NYC NY 8. Application Technology for Crop Protection by G. A. Matthews & E. C. Hislop, 1993, CAB Int'l: UK 9. Pesticide Application Methods by G. A. Matthews, 2nd ed., 1992, Longman Group UK Ltd: UK 10. Chemical Exposures: Low Levels & High Stakes by Nicholas A. Ashford & Claudia S. Miller, 1991, Van Nostrand Reinhold: NYC NY 11. Pesticides: Minimizing the Risks by Ronald J. Kuhr & Nancy N. Ragsdale, 1987, American Chemical Society: Wash DC 12. Pesticide Application: Principles & Practice by P. T. Haskell, 1985, Clarendon Press: Oxford 13. CD-AY-3 Broadleaf Weed Seedling Identification, Purdue University Media Distribution Center 14. Field Crop Pest Management Manual by multiple authors, rev 1/2000, Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology and Entomology. Crop Management & Production Systems 1. Crop Science: Principles & Practice by Russell E. Mullen, 2nd ed., 1995, Burgess Publishing: Edina MN 2. Modern Corn & Soybean Production by multiple authors, 1st ed., 2000, MSCP Publications: Champaign IL 3. Crop Production by James J. Vorst, 5th ed., 1998, Stipes Publishing LLC: Champaign IL 4. Sustainable Agriculture Systems by J. L. Hartfield & D. L. Karlen, 1994, Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton FL 5. Sustainable Agricultural Systems by several editors, 1990, Soil & Water Conservation Society 6. How a Corn Plant Develops: Special Report #48 by several authors, Rev. 1/1997, Iowa State University: Ames IA 7. How a Soybean Plant Develops: Special Report #53 by several authors, Rev. 6/1997, Iowa State University: Ames IA 8. Agry375 - Crop Production Systems by Lee E. Schweitzer, 2001 ed., Purdue University School of Agriculture 25

27 9. Corn & Soybean Field Guide by multiple editors, 2004 ed., Purdue Crop Diagnostic Training & Research Center and Purdue Pest Management Program: West Lafayette IN 10. CD-AY-1 Corn Growth, Development, & Diagnostics: Germination to Knee High, Purdue University Media Distribution Center 11. CD-AY-2 Corn Growth, Development, & Diagnostics: Knee High to Maturity, Purdue University Media Distribution Center 12. Forage Field Guide by multiple editors, 2003 ed., Purdue Crop Diagnostic Training & Research Center: West Lafayette, IN 13. Corn, Soybean, Wheat, and Alfalfa Field Guide by multiple editors, 2002 ed., Ohio State University Extension USEFUL WEBSITES 1. Purdue Agronomy Extension Publications: 2. Weed Science Society of America: 3. National Corn Growers Association: 4. Herbicide Safety Information: 5. Herbicide Safety Information: 6. Field Crops Entomology IPM: 7. Weed Science: 8. Extensive Corn related Information: 9. Hybrid & Variety Performance: Purdue Agricultural Extension Publications: Purdue Agronomy OnLine: Various Soybean Information: Integrated Pest Management: Midwest Corn Insect Diagnostic guide: Purdue Entomology Extension Publications: Purdue Botany Extension Publications: Purdue Botany Extension Links: NRCS-Natural Resources Conservation Service: Ohio State University-Ohioline links: National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service: Corn information: Tillage, Manure Management, and Water Quality: Iowa Manure Management Action Group: ARS Manure and Byproduct Utilization National Program (206): 26