WFD Compliant Transnational Monitoring Network in the Danube River Basin. Igor Liska ICPDR Secretariat

Transcription

1 WFD Compliant Transnational Monitoring Network in the Danube River Basin Igor Liska ICPDR Secretariat

2 Major drivers DRPC (According to the Article 9 of the DRPC the Contracting Parties to DRPC have agreed to co- operate in the field of monitoring and assessment of the water resources) EU WFD (establishing of WFD compliant monitoring networks by 22 December 2006)

3 Network TNMN until 2007 only surface waters o 12 30' 15 o 17 30' 20 o 22 30' 25 o 27 30' o 47 30' München Praha Wien Bratislava SK01 Budapest Kishinev o 10 o o o o o o 47 30' Danube Trans National Monitoring Morava Becva Svitava Prut Ondava Naab Hornad Siret Hron Vah Morava Slana Nitra Svratka Altmühl Dyje Jihlava Regen Tisza Tisza Danube Isar Prut Somes Inn Ipel Moldova Tarna Brigoch Crasna Letha Danube Breg Jijia Bodrog Rimava Dyje Sajo D01 D CZ02 H09 MD01 Lech Berethlyd Zogyva H01 SK03 Salzach Riss H03 MD04 Bistritja Enns Iller Somes Crisul Repede Kühtreiberstream D03 D04 D02 A01 A CZ A02 A03 A04 CZ01 H02 SK04 SK Raba Inn Siret Körös Sio MD03 H04 PL H UA MD 45 o Crisul Negro Ismail 45 Ljubljana Zagreb Sarajevo SCG14 Beograd Bucuresti Sofia BG o Danube o 42 30' Elovitz channel Kapos Drava Mura Dravina Sava Drava Sava Kupa Zala Crisul Alb Tisza Pesnica Savinja RO05 Mures Aranca Bega SL HR06 SL01 HR03 HR04 Tamis Ialomita Arges Jiu BIH02 HR HR07 BIH01 H07 HR05 H06 HR01 HR02 BIH03 BIH04 H05 HR08 SCG01 RO09 RO04 Ukrina Una RO03 BG05 Olt Sava SCG13 SCG10 SCG02 SCG03 SCG09 SCG15 H08 SCG11 SCG12 SCG04 SCG06 SCG05 SCG16 SCG17 RO01 SCG07 Bosna Sana RO02 BG02 BG04 BG08 Vrbas Beli Lom BG01 SCG08 Morava Rus. Lom BG03 Lom BIH FRY RO Jantra Rosica Osam Ogosta Vit Iskar Skût Juz. Morava Drina Zap. Morava Tara Piva km FYROM Monitoring location on the Danube River on the tributary I BLACK SEA

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5 Revision of TNMN in 2007 The major objective overview of the overall status and long-term changes of surface water and where necessary groundwater on a basin-wide scale particular attention paid to the transboundary effects like pollution load link Danube nutrient loads and eutrophication Black Sea monitoring of nutrient sources and pathways of nutrients in the DRB and the effects of measures to reduce the nutrient loads into the Black Sea. address all biological quality elements

6 SURFACE WATERS

7 TNMN Surveillance Monitoring I Surveillance Monitoring II Operational monitoring Investigative monitoring Key activity at the basin-wide level = JDS Organized once in each RBM Plan period

8 Trans National Monitoring Network TNMN new setup surface waters

9 Surveillance monitoring I Monitoring of surface water status Provides assessment of the overall surface water status in the DRB Sampling and assessment: Once in the RBM plan period Quality elements: all biological quality elements, hydromorphological parameters, all general physico-chemical quality parameters, priority list pollutants which are discharged into the basin, other pollutants discharged in significant quantities

10 Operational Monitoring Objectives: assess status of those water bodies identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives assess any changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. The selection of parameters for the operational monitoring is individual for a particular sampling site that represents an affected water body.

11 Status/Potential of Rivers Ecological Status Chemical Status

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14 Investigative monitoring primarily a national task. At the basin-wide level: Joint Danube Surveys (every 6 years) will be used to carry out investigative monitoring as needed testing of new methods checking the impact of new chemical substances

15 Surveillance monitoring II Monitoring of specific pressures Provides assessment of long term trends of specific pollutants Sound basis for load estimation transferred in marine environment Sampling and assessment: annually Quality elements: organic pollution nutrient pollution hazardous substances Biology (selected) hydromorphological parameters (site specific)

16 SM2 - Chemistry Surveillance Monitoring 2 Water Water concentrations load assessment Parameter Flow anually / 12 x per year daily Temperature anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Transparency (1) anually / 12 x per year Suspended Solids (5) anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Dissolved Oxygen anually / 12 x per year ph (5) anually / 12 x per year 20 C (5) anually / 12 x per year Alkalinity (5) anually / 12 x per year + Ammonium (NH 4 -N) (5) anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Nitrite (NO - 2 -N) anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Nitrate (NO - 3 -N) anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Organic Nitrogen anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Total Nitrogen anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Ortho-Phosphate (PO 3-4 -P) (2) anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Total Phosphorus anually / 12 x per year anually / 26 x per year Calcium (Ca 2+ ) (3, 4, 5) anually / 12 x per year Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) (4, 5) anually / 12 x per year Chloride (Cl - ) anually / 12 x per year Atrazine anually / 12 x per year Cadmium (6) anually / 12 x per year Lindane anually / 12 x per year Lead (6) anually / 12 x per year Mercury (6) anually / 12 x per year Nickel (6) anually / 12 x per year Arsenic (6) anually / 12 x per year Copper (6) anually / 12 x per year Chromium (6) anually / 12 x per year Zinc (6) anually / 12 x per year p,p -DDT and its derivatives (7) anually / 1 or 12 x per year CODCr (5) anually / 12 x per year CODMn (5) anually / 12 x per year Dissolved Silica anually / 26 x per year BOD5 anually / 12 x (1) Only in coastal waters (2) Soluble reactive phosphorus SRP (3) Mentioned in the tables of the CIS Guidance document but not in the related mind map (4) Supporting parameter for hardness-dependent eqs of PS metals (5) Not for coastal waters (6) Measured in a dissolved form. Measurement of total concentration is optional (7) ; In areas with no risk of failure to meet the environmental objectives for DDT the monitoring frequency is once per year; in case of risk the frequency is 12 x year

17 SM2 - Biology PHYTOPLANKTON chlorophyll-a BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES Saprobic index and number of families (ASPT and EPT taxa optional) PHYTOBENTHOS benthic diatoms optional parameter

18 SM2 - Temporal changes of nitrate-nitrogen (c90) in the Danube and its tributaries NO3-N mg/l DE5 DE2 AT1 AT5 AT3 AT6 SK1 SK2 HU1 SK3 HU2 HU3 HU4 HU5 HR1 RS1 RS2 HR2 RS9 RS3 RS4 RS5 RS6 RO1 RS7 RS8 RO2 BG1 BG2 BG3 BG4 RO3 RO4 BG5 RO5 RO6 RO7 RO8 Monitorings sites / distance from the mouth [km] NO3-N mg/l DE3 DE4 CZ1 CZ2 SK4 HU6 Sl1 HR9 HR4 HR5 HU7 HU9 RS10 RS11 RS12 HU8 SI2 HR6 HR7 HR8 RS13 RS14 RS15 RS16 RS17 BG14 BG15 RO9 RO10 MD1 RO11 MD3 Inn Inn/ Morava Salzach Morava/ Dyje Vah Sio Drava Tisza Tisza/ Sajo Sava Velika Morava Jantra Russ.Lom Arges Siret Prut Monitoring site / Tributary

19 Analytical Quality Control Distribution round Date of distribution Sample type Determinands 2009/I. Week 15 Surface water SO 4 2-, K, Na, Fe, Mn Cl -,Ca, Mg, TH NH 4 +, NO 3 -, PO 4 3-, TP, Kj-N NO 2 - COD Mn, DOC MBAS phenol index AOX 2009/II. Week 24 Surface water petroleum hydrocarbons COD Cr, BOD 5, DOC ph, conductivity TN Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn Hg 2009/III. Week 39 Surface water atrazine, lindane, simazine, alachlor, endosulfane, 4,4'-DDT, PAHs, PCBs 2009/IV. Week 46 Surface water Determinands with more than 15% rejected results will be redistributed surface water sample

20 Analytical Quality Control Variation in the reported values of PO4-P and DDT in AQC samples

21 Load assessment programme Integrated with the TNMN Loads are calculated for BOD 5, inorganic nitrogen, ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total phosphorus, suspended solids and chlorides (voluntary) Minimum sampling frequency - at least 24 per year

22 Annual loads of BOD 5 at monitoring stations along the Danube River in BOD 5 (x 10 3 tons) RO4 RO discharge (m 3.s -1 ) 100 RO DE2+AT1 AT5 SK1 HU distance from the mouth (km) BOD5 discharge

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24 GROUNDWATERS

25 Groundwater bodies of a basinwide importance in the DRBD

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27 Parameters and frequency for the surveillance monitoring program Transboundary GWB* AT/DE BG CS HU MD RO SK 1 2, 4 7 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 CHEMICAL (with estimation of frequency) 3 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8, 9, 10, 11 Oxygen 1/a >1/a 1/a >1/a 1/a 1/a ph-value 1/a >1/a 1/a >1/a 1/a 1/a Electrical conductivity 1/a >1/a 1/a >1/a 1/a 1/a Nitrate 1/5a >1/a 1/a >1/a 1/a 1/a Ammonium 1/a >1/a 1/a >1/a 1/a 1/a Temperature cont. >1/a 1/a 1/a >1/a (selected stations) Further parameters, e.g. major ions x x x x x x operational x x x x QUANTITY GW levels/well head pressure x x x x x x spring flows x x Flow characteristics Extraction (not obligatory) x Reinjection (not obligatory) x

28 GW monitoring design in TNMN Monitoring parameters Agreed obligatory parameters: conductivity, NH4 and NO3 All parameters for which GWBs are at risk or having poor status Additional parameters characterising the GWB Aggregation procedures Minimum (of all sites - mean per site) Mean (based on mean per site) Maximum (of all sites - mean per site) standard deviation 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 Percentile Reporting frequencies - Reference year: 2007, reporting year: 2008, then every 6-years (in line with reporting to EC)

29 Objective WFD intercalibration exercise high high good Comparison of national quality classes among countries good moderate moderate country A country B

30 EC GIG Common Intercalibration Stream Types ecoregion catchment area altitude geology substrate R-E1 R-E2 R-E3 Small to medium-sized, mid-altitude streams in the Carpathians (CZ, HU, RO, SK) Medium-sized, lowland streams in the Plains (HU, RO, SK) Large and very large, lowland rivers in the Plains (BG, HU) R-E4 R-E6 Medium-sized, mid-altitude streams in the Plains (AT, HU, RO, SK) Middle and downstream section types of the Danube River (AT, SK, HU, RO, BG)

31 Results EC GIG IC exercise R-E4 Medium-sized, mid-altitude streams in the Plains (AT, HU, RO, SK) 0,9 national assessment index 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 good good good good 0,4 pre-ic Austria intercalibrated pre-ic intercalibrated Slovak Republic

32 EC GIG IC exercise

33 EC GIG IC exercise Q1. Do all national assessment methods meet the requirements of the Water Framework Directive? Q2. Do all national methods address the same common type(s) and pressure(s), and follow a similar assessment concept? Q3. Do all countries apply the same assessment method (but different status classifications)? Q4. Is the BQE sampling and data processing generally similar, so methods can reasonably be applied to the data of other countries?

34 EC GIG IC exercise Phytoplankton Q1 Comments on Q Key source(s) to derive reference conditions 3.07 Reference site characterisation: Criteria 3.10 Setting of ecological status boundaries 3.11 Boundary setting procedure Hungary Romania Slovakia Reference site selection criteria are not specified by Romania. Boundary setting procedure by Romania needs further specification. Existing near-natural reference sites, Least Disturbed Conditions, Modelling (extrapolating model results) No off-river and in-channel reservoirs on the watershed. The species composition is close to those proposed by the model. Minimal organic pollution. High-good boundary derived from metric variability at near-natural reference sites The functional groups of algae were evaluated on basis of their ecological characteristics. Nutrient status, tolerance of turbulent conditions, time sufficient for development of the given assemblage, and general risk. All the groups were given a factor number (1-5). All the boundaries were set by the relative abundance of the reference (F=5) and good (F=4) taxa. These ratios were different in every river type. Existing near-natural reference sites, Expert knowledge, Historical data Natural (undisturbed) sites or near natural sites. High-good boundary derived from metric variability at near-natural reference sites Organic pollution and saprobic index; ecological status boundaries RO 01 type H/G = 1.285; G/M = Least Disturbed Conditions No reference sites used. Equidistant division of the EQR gradient No reference sites for large lowland rivers, derivation of reference values based on expert judgment; confirmation by calculations/statistics. Advance setting of boundaries (data from period ): statistical values (mean of 6 measured values within vegetation period for each metric in monitored sites) were calculated for setting of boundaries. These were verified after calculations by expert judgment and compared (correlated) to chemical quality class boundaries.

35 EC GIG IC exercise Phytoplankton Q2 Comments on Q2 1.09a Detected pressure(s) 1.09b Demonstration of pressureimpact-relationship Q3 Comments on Q3 Q4 Comments on Q4 Similar pressures are addressed by the different methods, however Romania and Slovakia have not demonstrated the pressure-impact-relationship. Different biological metrics are applied, pointing at deviating assessment concepts (see Annex). Eutrophication, Flow modification, Impact of alien species, Pollution by organic matter Phytoplankton data (394) from 104 HU rivers (including all HU river types) were examined to establish pressure-impact relationship between the HRPI and the stressors indicating nutrient and organic load. The relationship showed significant correlation with the measures of organic pollution (BOD, COD, Oxygen saturation). R 2 values ranging from depending on river type. Significant relationship was not observed with the inorganic nutrients. Eutrophication, General degradation, Pollution by organic matter not demonstrated All countries apply a different method. Eutrophication, Flow modification, Pollution by organic matter not demonstrated Assessment is based on different sample volumes and different numbers of sampling occasions. The level of taxonomical identification differs between methods. The selection of biological assessment metrics differs between methods.

36 BQE method harmonization - general info 1.01 GIG: Eastern Continental 1.02 Category: Lakes, Rivers 1.03 BQE: Benthic Diatoms 1.04 Country: Hungary 1.05 Specification: none 1.06 Method name: Improvement of the Hungarian Ecological Water Qualification System - Phytobenthos 1.07 Original name: 1.08 Status: Method is/will be used First RBMP (2009) 1.09 Detected pressure(s): Eutrophication, General degradation, Pollution by organic matter Has the pressure-impact-relationship been tested? Yes, with qualitative data (e.g. response at reference against impacted sites). On basis of the pressure data (TP, BOD, CODCr, Electrical Conductivity) the Least Disturbed Conditions (LDC) were selected. The relationship between the phytobenthos metrics and BOD, EC, COD, TN, ox. Sat and SRP showed significant correlations in several types (Spearman Correlation Coefficient ranging from 0.17 to 0.61 if the relationship was significant) Internet reference 1.11 Pertinent literature 1.12 Scientific 1.13 Method developed by1.14 Method reported by

37 BQE method harmonization - data acquisition 2.01 Sampling/Survey guidelines CEN European Committee for Standarization, Water quality Guidance standard for the routine sampling and pretreatment of benthic diatoms from rivers. - European Standard EN Short description Rivers: 5 stones or 5 macrophytes stems are randomly selected from 10 to 100 m river stretch Lakes: 5 randomly selected reed stems from 10 to 30 cm above the water level 2.03 Method to select the sampling/survey site or area Random sampling/surveying 2.04 Sampling/survey device Brush 2.05 Specification: n.a Sampled/surveyed habitat Single habitat(s), stones, macrophytes 2.07 Sampled/surveyed zones in areas with tidal influence: not relevant 2.08 Sampling/survey month(s) rivers: May to October, lakes: June to October 2.09 Number of sampling/survey occasions (in time) to classify site or area One occasion per sampling season 2.10 Number of spatial replicates per sampling/survey occasion to classify site or area Total sampled/surveyed area or volume or total sampling duration to classify site or area cm2

38 BQE method harmonization - data acquisition Sample processing 2.12 Minimum size of organisms sampled and processed all diatoms 2.13 Sample treatment Organisms of the complete sample are identified Level of taxonomical identification Species/species groups 2.15 Record of abundance: Relative abundance in relation to Area Unit: number of valves per 400 valves 2.16 Quantification of biomass: n.a Other biological data: none 2.18 Special cases, exceptions, additions: none

39 BQE method harmonization - data evaluation 3.01 List of biological metrics Relative abundance of taxa with indicator and sensitivity values for organic material and nutrients (diatom indices calculated by OMNIDIA) 3.02 Does the metric selection differ between types of water bodies Yes 3.03 Combination rule for multi-metrics Average metric scores 3.04 From which biological data are the metrics calculated? Data from single sampling/survey occasion in time Reference conditions 3.05 Scope of reference conditions Surface water type-specific 3.06 Key source(s) to derive reference Expert knowledge, Least Disturbed Conditions 3.07 Reference site characterisation Number of sites: n.a. Geographical coverage: - Location of sites: - Data time period: - Criteria: It was practically impossible to find reference conditions, especially in case of lowland rivers and large rivers that are the most of Hungarian rivers, so we used the so called Least Disturbed Sites for boundary setting.

40 BQE method harmonization - data evaluation 3.08 Reference community description n.a Results expressed as EQR? Yes Boundary setting 3.10 Setting of ecological status boundaries Equidistant division of the EQR gradient 3.11 Boundary setting procedure Reference conditions which could be applied across rivers in Hungary have not been established yet. Nevertheless, unimpacted stretches or sites with low pollution and with smaller hydromorphological alterations can be found in almost every river type. On basis of the pressure data (TP, BOD, CODCr, Electrical Conductivity) the LDS were selected. 10th percentiles of the index values of the selected LDS sites were considered as high/good (H/G) class boundaries and 75th percentiles as good/moderate (G/M) boundaries in every type. The rest of data was divided into 3 equal parts between the minimum value of the index in a given river type and the G/M value in order to set the further boundaries. Theoretical EQR values (H/G= 0.8; G/M= 0.6; M/P= 0.4; P/B= 0.2) were plotted against the index boundaries for all types. By equation of the actual line of best fit the EQR values can be calculated Good status community At good status stands of the sensitive taxa are well developed, they are dominant, but significantly decreasing at good-moderate boundary and replaced by tolerant taxa Consideration of uncertainty No (to be done)

41 Thank you for your attention!