Peptide synthesis, radiolabelling and radiochemical analysis

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1 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA MATERIALS AND METHODS Peptide synthesis, radiolabelling and radiochemical analysis Solid phase synthesis of peptides was carried out on using ABI 433A peptide synthesizer, on a preloaded Thr(tBu)-Wang resin, using N-Fmoc amino acids and HBTU as the coupling reagent (Merck Chemicals). Amino acids had the following protection groups Arg(Pbf), Lys(Boc) Gln (Trt) Asp(OtBu)and Asn(Trt). In order to biotinylate DTPA-A20FMDV2, biotinyl-lysine was incorporated at position two in place of the usual alanine. Following chain assembly, DTPA-tetra(tBu ester) (4eq) (Macrocyclics) was coupled to the N terminal of the protected peptidyl-resin using HOBT/DIC activation and overnight agitation. Following reaction, and washing of the peptidyl-resin, the peptide was cleaved from the resin and side chain protecting groups removed by treatment with 92.5% trifluoroacetic acid, 2.5% ethanedithiol, 2.5% triisopropyl silane, and 2.5% H 2 O. After 2 h, the resin was removed by filtration and peptides were precipitated with diethyl ether on ice. Peptides were isolated by centrifugation, then dissolved in H 2 O and freeze dried overnight. The crude peptides were analysed by Agilent 1100 reverse phase HPLC and electrospray mass spectroscopy. Peptides were purified by reverse phase HPLC to > 90% purity on an Aquapore ODS 20 micron 250 x 10 mm column and lyophilised. During synthesis and purification, use of glassware was avoided. Peptide stock solutions were prepared in metal-free water and standard concentrations were confirmed spectrophometrically using absorption at 215nm. Briefly, 111 In-InCl 3 (58 µl, MBq in 0.1mM HCl) and ammonium acetate (15 µl, 1 M, ph 5.5) were mixed in a polypropylene vial. The peptide conjugate DTPA-A20FMDV2 or DTPA-A20FMDV2ran (5 µl. 1mg/ml in sterile water) was added, the solution was vortexed

2 briefly and incubated for 30 minutes at 25 o C, after which time the reaction was quenched with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ([EDTA] 4 µl, 0.1M). Radiochemical purity was determined by reverse-phase HPLC on LC Module 1 (Waters, Hertfordshire, UK) connected to sodium-iodide detector (5-µm Jupiter 300 column, 250 x 4.6 mm inner diameter, Phenomenex; solvent A, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid [TFA] in HPLC grade water; solvent B, 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile; flow rate, 1 ml/min; gradient, 5% solvent B for 5 min, then change to 60% solvent B over 20 min, then change to 100% solvent B over 3 min, and change back to 5% solvent B over 5 min). Radiochemical purity was greater than 95% at a specific activity of 16 MBq/nmol with no evidence of fragmentation or aggregation during the labelling process as indicated by sharp single peak (see Supplemental Fig. 1) therefore no further purification was done. Any un-reacted 111 In-InCl 3 formed a complex with EDTA eluting off first with t R of 3 min which formed 3-5% impurity. The RP-HPLC elution time for 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDV2 was min and 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDVran min. Instant thin-layer chromatography was carried out using reverse phase plates (Whatman MKC18 Silica Gel 60 A, 200 mm, 1.0 x 7.0 cm) with mobile phase (25mM EDTA in 0.1 M ammonium acetate, ph 5.5); Rf for both radiolabelled peptides 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDV2 and 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDVran was and 111 In-EDTA was Endotoxin content in the final sample was analysed to be less than 17.5 EU (endotoxin unit) using an Endosafe - Portable Testing System (Charles River Laboratories, L Arbresle Cedex, France) with use of FDA-licensed disposable cartridges for accurate endotoxin testing.

3 Supplemental Table 1 PCR primer sequences Gene Sequence Murine itgb6 Sense 5 - TCTGAGGATGGAGTGCTGTG -3 Antisense 5 - GGCACCAATGGCTTTACACT -3 Murine hprt Sense 5 -TGAAAGACTTGCTGGAGATGTCA-3 Antisense 5 -CCAGCAGGTCAGCAAAGAACT-3 Human ITGB6 Sense 5 -AAACGGGAACCAATCCTCTGT-3 Antisense 5 -GCTTCTCCCTGTGCTTGTAGGT-3 Human β2m Sense 5 -AATCCAAATGCGGCATCT-3 Antisense 5 -GAGTATGCCTGCCGTGTG-3

4 Supplemental Figure 1 HPLC profiles of 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDV (A) and 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDVran (B) peptides showing the retention times at and minutes respectively.

5 Supplemental Figure 2 Kinetics and biodistribution of 111 In-labelled DTPA-A20FMDV2 peptide in mice instilled with saline 28 days prior to imaging. Mice were injected intravenously with the αvβ6-

6 specific 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2 peptide and subjected to NanoSPECT-CT analysis 1 hour (1-h) and 3 hours (3-h) later. The bladder is masked in each of the scans. Images of a representative mouse are shown.

7 Supplemental Figure 3 NanoSPECT-CT analysis of 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDV2ran peptide binding in the lungs of mice instilled intratracheally with saline (A) and bleomycin-treated (B) mice 28 days earlier. Mice were injected intravenously with peptide and imaged 1 hour later. Images of a representative mouse are shown.

8 Supplemental Figure 4 Coronal NanoSPECT-CT scans of the upper torso showing binding of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2 in the lungs, oral cavity and submandibular glands of animals instilled intratracheally with bleomycin. Mice received IgG2a isotype control (A) or an αvβ6 blocking antibody (B) (2.5mg/Kg) 24 hours prior to imaging, and binding was assessed one hour after intravenous injection of the radiolabelled peptide. Images of a representative mouse are shown.

9 Supplemental Figure 5 Axial NanoSPECT-CT scans of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2 peptide binding within the lungs of bleomycin (A&B) or saline-treated (C&D) animals. Peptide uptake was assessed in each individual animal at both 2 weeks (A&C) and 4 weeks (B&D) after intratracheal instillation of bleomycin or saline. Images of representative mice are shown.

10 Supplemental Figure 6 Immunohistochemical analysis of lung αvβ6 levels (brown), 28 days after treatment with intratracheal saline (A) or bleomycin (B). Images from representative mice are shown. Scale bar is 20µm.

11 Supplemental Figure 7 Hydroxyproline (A) and itgb6 mrna (B) levels were measured in lungs from mice treated with bleomycin (n=6/group) or saline (n=4/group) for 28 days. ITGB6 mrna expression was assessed in lung samples from IPF patients compared with non-fibrotic lungs (C; n=3/ group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. (**** P< ; * P<0.05). Correlation of 111 In-DTPA- A20FMDV2 binding within the lungs at 28 days post saline (open circles; n=4) or bleomycin (closed circles; n=6) treatment with itgb6 mrna expression (D).

12 Supplemental Video 1 3D reconstruction of NanoSPECT-CT images of the thorax visualizing binding of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2 peptide within saline-treated lungs. Mice instilled intratracheally with saline 28 days prior to NanoSPECT-CT imaging were injected intravenously with the αvβ6 binding peptide, 111 In-DTPA-A20FMDV2. NanoSPECT-CT scans were performed 1 hour later. The reconstruction of a representative mouse is shown. Supplemental Video 2 3D reconstruction of NanoSPECT-CT images of the thorax visualizing binding of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2 peptide within bleomycin-treated lungs. Mice instilled intratracheally with bleomycin 28 days prior to NanoSPECT-CT imaging were injected intravenously with the αvβ6 binding peptide, 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2. NanoSPECT-CT scans were performed 1 hour later. The reconstruction of a representative mouse is shown. Supplemental Video 3 3D reconstruction of NanoSPECT-CT images of the thorax visualizing binding of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDVran control peptide within saline-treated lungs. Mice instilled intratracheally with saline 28 days prior to NanoSPECT-CT imaging were injected intravenously with the control peptide, 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDVran. NanoSPECT-CT scans performed 1 hour later. The reconstruction of a representative mouse is shown. Supplemental Video 4 3D reconstruction of NanoSPECT-CT images of the thorax visualizing binding of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDVran control peptide within bleomycin-treated lungs. Mice instilled intratracheally with bleomycin 28 days prior to NanoSPECT-CT imaging were injected intravenously with the control peptide, 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDVran. NanoSPECT-CT scans were performed 1 hour later. The reconstruction of a representative mouse is shown. Supplemental Video 5 3D reconstruction of NanoSPECT/CT images of the upper torso visualizing binding of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2 peptide within bleomycin-treated animals in the presence of isotype control antibody (2.5mg/Kg) 24 hours before peptide administration. NanoSPECT-CT scans were performed 1 hour after the intravenous injection of the radiolabelled peptide. The reconstruction of a representative mouse is shown.

13 Supplemental Video 6 3D reconstruction of NanoSPECT-CT images of the upper torso visualizing binding of 111 In- DTPA-A20FMDV2 peptide within bleomycin-treated animals in the presence of antiαvβ6 blocking antibody (2.5mg/Kg) administered 24 hours prior to imaging, NanoSPECT-CT scans were performed 1 hour after the intravenous injection of the radiolabelled peptide. The reconstruction of a representative mouse is shown.

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