Network Management: an introduction

Transcription

1 Network Management: an introduction Daniel Ranc Network & Services Management Group Leader introduction

2 Course overview Introduction TMN Architecture TMN Information Management protocols introduction 2

3 Course overview Introduction TMN Architecture TMN Information Management protocols introduction 3

4 Introduction to Network Management What is the subject? The models The standards The definitions Why manage networks? PDH example TMN Management pointers introduction 4

5 What is Network Management all about? A metaphor: the enterprise business layers Strategical Services Tactical Execution Definition of enterprise goals and business model marketing, definition of services and workflows order management, workflow execution order execution introduction 5

6 What is Network Management all about? Using the metaphor: Business Management Layer Service Management Layer Network Management Layer Element Management Layer As defined by standards Definition proposal 1: activity of deployment, analysis, monitoring and control of Network Resources introduction 6

7 Network Management models Needed to simplify a complex universe models are orthogonal e.g. adopt different perspectives concepts related to ODP viewpoints: functional model description of activity classes informational model specification of managed information architectural model definition of management building blocs communication model specification of the communication infrastructure introduction 7

8 A world of standards The main ones: ISO ITU-T ETSI TINA TMF OMG Our perspective: the Operator s = Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) Standards define a framework with some prescriptive aspects introduction 8

9 First definitions Definition proposal 2: to configure, maintain and exploit networks from the distance Functionally, 5 areas: F = Fault C = Configuration A = Accounting P = Performance S = Security introduction 9

10 Why manage networks? Networks Business Model Deliver bandwidth on time contracted quality lost paquets, availability SLA For the new services low jitter no world wide wait introduction 10

11 Main properties Involves Distribution Involves Complexity Is Costly up to 30% of total network cost Is not optimal industrial products still in loom introduction 11

12 PDH example in this case management requires only few operations, mainly «provisioning» C, F and P can live with proprietary protocols that are mainly of tabular nature (US: TL/1) introduction 12

13 PDH example Transmitted values are: in one block semantically at the level of machine registers analogy to assembler programming introduction 13

14 PDH example opérations performed locally (craft terminal) or from the distance management software is equipment-specific PDH Craft terminal Centralized management introduction 14

15 TMN management Yet another definition: architectural, technical and functional paradigm characterized by consistency and large functional scope, realizing network management from an Open Systems point of view. Gödel law... introduction 15

16 TMN management F C A P S architecture functional protocols introduction 16

17 TMN management Active organizations: ITU-T (ex CCITT), ETSI, EURESCOM, NMF, OMG, attempt to circumvent the limitations of proprietary technologies management of complex flexible equipment FCAPS complete deployed today market: WAN, high bandwidth backbones technologies: SDH, ATM, mobiles, submarine cables, WDM introduction 17

18 Network Management Rationale High Information Technology cost Mandatory Complex Multiple technologies & protocols Main question: How to keep things running? introduction 18

19 Some pointers Books: our book :-) Network Management, Stallings the ICM book: Web resources all vendors (HP, Sun, IBM, Cisco, Alcatel...) other links: webbin CMIP: Festor s links: TINA: ETSI: OMG: TMF: introduction 19

20 Any questions? introduction 20

21 Course overview Introduction TMN Architecture TMN Information Management protocols introduction 21

22 plan Network-TMN relationship TMN functions architectural requirements functional architecture reference points management information agents, managers, the frame shared management knowledge management layers introduction 22

23 Network-TMN relationship TMN independant of managed network it may use the managed network (e.g. SDH, ATM) TMN Operations System Operations System Operations System Data Communication Network (DCN) Workstation Exchange Transmission System Exchange Transmission System Exchange Telecommunication Network introduction 23

24 TMN functions Management environment a generic model for a heterogeneous network distributed by nature uses OSI services object orientation large functional scope X.700 standard defines the functional domains: Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security FCAPS introduction 24

25 Fault management The activity to manage network failures alarm notification manager action repair introduction 25

26 Configuration management The activity to configure and maintain network equipments Two kinds of life cycle long term VPN short term VPN,,,,,, introduction 26

27 Accounting Management The activity to manage and calculate the users s account traditional telcom specialiity Emerging «flat rate» paradigm introduction 27

28 Performance Management The activity of summarizing the network s availability Not for speed Statistics on: lost packets lost seconds lost milliseconds lost microseconds lost nanoseconds lost picoseconds lost seconds introduction 28

29 Security Management Defining access control functional control Network Access Domain (NAD) Function Access Domain (FAD) Never implemented why? introduction 29

30 Architectural requirements for TMN Distributed software, heterogeneous implementations network = distributed heterogeneous resources cooperative structure of distributed functions technology lifecycle reliability, security client or 3rd party access hihgly competitive market inter TMN cooperation time to market constraints introduction 30

31 Distribution Motorola Fault Perf. InTel Cisco 6000 Enterasys 3000 introduction 31

32 Functional architecture of TMN TMN OSF Operations Systems Function Workstation Function Mediation Function Network Element Function Q Adaptor Function WSF MF QAF NEF introduction 32

33 Functional architecture of TMN Operations systems function realizes the FCAPS and TMN management Workstation function interprets management information for the user interface + user interface (out of TMN) Network Element Function managed entity - access to managed resources (out of TMN) Mediation function, Q adaptator function information shift or adaptation introduction 33

34 TMN reference points Why Reference Points? Unique means to define information exchange functional exchange between components of Network Management Reference Points Specifications are the basics for: Open Systems introduction 34

35 TMN reference points Define the interfaces between functional blocs 3 classes of RPs: q bet. OSF, QAF, MF, NEF qx:nef-mf, QAF-MF, MF-MF q3: NEF-OSF, QAF-OSF, MF-OSF, OSF-OSF f bet. OSF-WSF x: bet. OSFs of different TMNs minor classes: g: WSF-user, m: QAF-non TMN entities introduction 35

36 TMN reference points x m QAF q NEF q q f g MF OSF WSF TMN introduction 36

37 Management information Two points of view: management information specifications = information models (static) abstract view of managed resources relies on functional blocs information exchange (dynamic) OSI stacks introduction 37

38 Management information Object orientation information models built from managed objects Managed Object Classes (MOCs) MOCs = conceptual views of resources MOCs = true objects attributes, inheritance, actions/operations, behaviour, notifications (=messages) specified in GDMO language (Guidelines for Definition of Managed Objects) introduction 38

39 Manager, agent roles Management processes are either: managers agents Management system requests Managed system manager agent notifications Managed objects introduction 39

40 The frame Conceptual view including managed resources Management system Q3 interface managed objects managed information base TMN agent Managed resources introduction 40

41 Cascading interaction system A info model B system B system C info model C M sees A M sees A CMIS CMIP MIB CMIP resource introduction 41

42 Shared management knowledge Between agents and managers to support: specs. of protocols, functionalities, supported MOCs, existing instances, naming relations system A system B M A MIB introduction 42

43 Physical architecture of the TMN TMN Operations Systems X/F/Q3 X Data Communication Network F workstation Q3/F Mediation Device Q3 Q3 Qx Data Communication Network Qx Qx Q adapter Network Element Q adapter Network Element introduction 43

44 Physical architecture of the TMN Business Management Layer OS Q3 Service Management Layer OS Q3 Network Management Layer OS Q3 Element Management Layer OS MF QX Network Element Layer NE QX introduction 44

45 And SNMP?? Simple Network Management Protocol IETF standard defines the protocol, the MIB, the Structure of Managed Information simplified TMN tables, not classes ASN.1 types primitives GET, SET, TRAP LAN oriented but de facto success introduction 45

46 Conclusions The TMN architecture is: open in the sense of Open Systems in the sense of incompleteness complex necessarily eliminates the small players some questions transactions, security, SML, BML, info model mapping, compilation vs. Interpretation F, X interfaces introduction 46

47 Any questions? introduction 47

48 Course overview Introduction TMN Architecture TMN Information Management protocols introduction 48

49 Network Management information Daniel Ranc introduction 49

50 Network Management information Object oriented concepts: reminder information model the GDMO language ASN.1 syntaxes introduction 50

51 Object oriented concepts: reminder class class allomorphism class inheritance instanciation encapsulation instance methods attributes interface behaviour introduction 51

52 Inheritance flavours Object oriented concepts: reminder Generic car 4 wheels specialisation Sports car, big engine Truck, big payload introduction 52

53 Inheritance flavours Object oriented concepts: reminder Generic car 4 wheels extension Truck, big payload Car with automatic gearbox introduction 53

54 Notion of information model/1 Management information circulating between manager and agents composed of Managed Objects: abstracting managed resources accessed by the manager: the real resource remains hidden MOs are composed of packages attributes, operations, notifications, behaviour an info model is a set of MOs info models for EML, NML introduction 54

55 Notion of information model/2 Encapsulation hides and protects the inside of the object access through messages internal operations hidden Attributes have a value that may be structured carried by an ASN.1 syntax are accessed by operations on the object The behaviour defines: semantics of attributes, operations operation pre- and postconditions constants introduction 55

56 Notion of information model/3 Inheritance in GDMO, inheritance by extension all properties of the superclass unchanged multiple inheritance ok top system discriminator logrecord alarmrecord eventforwardingdiscriminator introduction 56

57 Notion of information model/4 Naming, containment a MO instance may contain other Mos useful to model real containment rack/card directory/files/records defined by the name binding template Naming tree set of all naming relationships of the MIB each instance has a name derived by its place in the tree dynamicity: MO life cycle introduction 57

58 Notion of information model/5 root system log eventforwardingdiscriminator alarmrecord introduction 58

59 Notion of information model/6 Structure of names identification of MOCs: registration tree object identifier (OID) - ASN.1 sequence of integers representing the trail from the root til the class identification of instances: Distinguishedt Name based on Attribute Value Assertions (AVAs) exemple: (localvalue = 34) the AVA names the instance at its level of the tree, Relative Distinguished Name (RDN) the full chain of AVAs is the Full Distinguished Name (FDN) introduction 59

60 Notion of information model/7 Three trees: inheritance containment registration introduction 60

61 Notion of information model/8 system (systemid = «BDC») log (logid = «SMK») (EFDId = «a») eventforwardingdiscriminator alarmrecord (alarmrecordid = «5») FDN of this alarmrecord: { (systemid = «BDC»), (logid = «SMK»), (alarmrecordid = «5») } introduction 61

62 GDMO /1 specification langage for MOCs Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects general properties: OO ASN.1 macros (cf.) base structures: templates classes attribute sets: packages attributes naming links actions introduction 62

63 GDMO /2 Managed Object Class: <class name> MANAGED OBJECT CLASS DERIVED FROM <class name> ; CHARACTERIZED BY <package name> ; BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS... ; ATTRIBUTES <attribute name> {GET SET REPLACE}; ;;; REGISTERED AS <object identifier>; introduction 63

64 GDMO /3 a real MOC subnetwork MANAGED OBJECT CLASS DERIVED FROM top; CHARACTERIZED BY createdeletenotificationpackage, attributevaluechangenotificationpackage PACKAGE; BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS... ATTRIBUTES signaltype GET; subnetworkid GET; containedsubnetworklist GET; ACTIONS addtosubnetworkconnections; deletefromsubnetworkconnections; ;;; REGISTERED AS { etsi ObjectClass 6 }; introduction 64

65 GDMO/4 - PACKAGE template Syntaxic container servicestatepackage PACKAGE ATTRIBUTES administrativestate GET-REPLACE, availabilitystatus GET-REPLACE, controlstatus GET-REPLACE, operationalstate GET, usagestate GET; REGISTERERED AS { etsi Package 45 }; introduction 65

66 GDMO/5 - NAME BINDING template <name-binding name> NAME BINDING SUBORDINATE OBJECT CLASS <class name> NAMED BY SUPERIOR OBJECT CLASS <class name> WITH ATTRIBUTE <attribute name> REGISTERED AS <object id>; subnetwork-network NAME BINDING SUBORDINATE OBJECT CLASS subnetwork AND SUBCLASSES; NAMED BY SUPERIOR OBJECT CLASS network AND SUBCLASSES; WITH ATTRIBUTE subnetworkid; REGISTERED AS { etsi NameBinding 23 }; subnetwork-subnetwork NAME BINDING SUBORDINATE OBJECT CLASS subnetwork AND SUBCLASSES; NAMED BY SUPERIOR OBJECT CLASS subnetwork AND SUBCLASSES; WITH ATTRIBUTE subnetworkid; REGISTERED AS { etsi NameBinding 24 }; introduction 66

67 GDMO/6 - ATTRIBUTE template <attribute name> ATTRIBUTE WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX <syntax reference>; [MATCHES FOR { EQUALITY ORDERING SUBSTRINGS SET-COMPARISON SET-INTERSECTION } [BEHAVIOUR...;] [PARAMETERS...;] REGISTERED AS <object id>; subnetworkid ATTRIBUTE WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX NA4ASN.1.NameType; MATCHES FOR EQUALITY; BEHAVIOUR subnetworkidbehaviour BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS «The subnetworkid is an attribute type whose distinguished value can be used as an RDN when naming an instance of the subnetwork object class»;; REGISTERED AS { etsi attribute 45 }; introduction 67

68 ASN.1/1 Abstract Syntax Notation One the end of the communication chain value transport by OSI stack abstract syntax = independant of: implementation langage processor each application has its coding/decoding to/from ASN.1 which is common esperanto marshalling/unmarshalling simple types : INTEGER, BOOLEAN, REAL, OCTET STRING... construted types: SEQUENCE, SET, CHOICE... introduction 68

69 ASN.1/2 MulticastUnidirectional ::= SEQUENCE { fromnwtps SET OF ObjectInstance, tonwtps SET OF ObjectInstance } Directionality ::= CHOICE { simpleunidirectional[0], simplebidirectional [1], multicastunidirectional [2], conferenceall [3], broadcast [4], ptomultipoint [5] } introduction 69

70 Software engineering of TMN specs GDMO compiler GDMO classes C++ compiler C++ objects compiler ASN.1 classes C++ compiler C++ objects LINK librairies framework specs ASN.1 programmer classes C++ compiler C++ objetcs agent + manager introduction 70

71 Any questions? introduction 71

72 Course overview Introduction TMN Architecture TMN Information Management protocols introduction 72

73 Protocols in Network Management Daniel Ranc Network & Services Management Group Leader introduction 73

74 Protocols in NM CMIS/P ITU-T SNMP IETF comparison introduction 74

75 Protocols in NM CMIS/P ITU-T SNMP IETF comparison introduction 75

76 CMIS/P rationale Common Management Information Services/Protocol To solve the limitations of SNMP Layer 7 specifications Requires ROSE, ACSE services Serves a Systems Management Application Entity (SMAE) Transport of management information defined by information models in GDMO carried by ASN.1 structures introduction 76

77 CMIS/P properties General invocation: <primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter); introduction 77

78 CMIS/P properties General invocation: <primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter); get set create delete action introduction 78

79 CMIS/P properties General invocation: <primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter); get set create delete action Full distinguished name introduction 79

80 CMIS/P properties General invocation: <primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter); get set create delete action Object Identifier Full distinguished name introduction 80

81 CMIS/P properties General invocation: <primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter); get set create delete action Object Identifier Full distinguished name best effort/ transactional introduction 81

82 CMIS/P properties General invocation: <primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter); get set create delete action Object Identifier Full distinguished name best effort/ transactional Depth in MIB tree introduction 82

83 CMIS/P properties General invocation: <primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter); get set create delete action Object Identifier Full distinguished name best effort/ transactional Depth in MIB tree Conditions on object introduction 83

84 CMIP scope Depth of request execution Starting point Scope = 2 introduction 84

85 CMIP scope Depth of request execution Starting point Scope = 2 introduction 85

86 CMIP filter Conditions on any object property Starting point filter = «AdministrativeState = none», scope = any introduction 86

87 CMIP filter Conditions on any object property Starting point filter = «AdministrativeState = none», scope = any introduction 87

88 CMIP evaluation Advantages many results possible in one request transactional on 1 request basis full TMN GDMO support uses OSI stack Drawbacks transactional on 1 request basis complexity, important learning curve uses OSI stack industrial tools heavy & cumbersome introduction 88

89 CMIP tool example: XMP/XOM XMP/XOM : programming standards for CMIP by X/Open consortium XMP: Management Processing XOM: Object Management Implementation: HP OpenView highly cumbersome learning curve cost Alternative: TMN++ C++ image of CMIP TMF, few implementations introduction 89

90 CMIP tool example: XMP/XOM Example of set action Managing system Process space XOM space Managed system Set(toto, oid, Value = 2); ASN.1 mapping XMP handling introduction 90

91 Protocols in NM CMIS/P ITU-T SNMP IETF comparison introduction 91

92 SNMP rationale Simple Network Management Protocol - IETF To solve rapidly, with a transient solution by tinkering, management problems (1986), while ITU-T will provide the absolute perfect solution 0 learning curve Classical protocol scheme over UDP Small but beautiful introduction 92

93 SNMP properties General invocation: <primitive> (oid, value); get set Object Identifier + trap introduction 93

94 SNMP properties Flat information model no OO no containment no create, delete = static MIBs not GDMO, but Simple Management Interface (SMI) language static objects defined by OIDs of IETF specs full use of ASN.1 Many IETF MIBs MIB II RMON. (RFCs) introduction 94

95 SNMP tool example: JMX Sun s Java Management extensions specifications: JMX Implementations by Sun, AdventNet, IBM/Taligent Providing a ful OO view on SNMP dynamic protocol adaptation mibgen skeleton compiler SNMP get : class.get(oid) method introduction 95

96 Protocols in NM CMIS/P ITU-T SNMP IETF comparison introduction 96

97 CMIP/SNMP comparison CMIP SNMP learning curve power OO access asynchronous synchronous dynamicity penetration security ACSE/ROSE UDP notifications +++ trap understanding introduction 97

98 Any questions? introduction 98