Chec List Journal of species lists and distribution

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1 Check List 0(): 30, Check List and Authors ISSN 809-7X (available at Chec List Journal of species lists and distribution L i s t s of Species Fishes from the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense, upper Paraguai River basin, Brazil Carla Natacha Marcolino Polaz *, Bruno F. Melo 3, Ricardo Britzke 3, Emiko Kawakami de Resende 4, Francisco de Arruda Machado 5, José Augusto Ferraz de Lima 6 and Miguel Petrere Jr. 7 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada, Rod. Domingos Innocentini km3, 9. CEP , São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Rod. SP 0 km 6.5, 64. CEP , Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. 3 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Rubião Jr. s/n. CEP , Botucatu, SP, Brazil. 4 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pantanal, Rua de Setembro, Corumbá, MS, Brazil. 5 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº 367, Bairro Boa Esperança. CEP , Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. 6 Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Zona Rural de Poconé, MT. Caixa Postal CEP , Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. 7 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 0, SP-64, Itinga. CEP , Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. * Corresponding author. carlapolaz@yahoo.com.br Abstract: The Pantanal Biosphere Reserve contains one of the highest concentration of animal species in the Neotropics, including about 300 fish species living in diverse environments associated with wetlands in the upper Paraguai River basin. This biome spans portions of Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay and includes the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense (PNPM), a region of the Pantanal which has been assigned as high conservation priority in Brazil. This study reports the results of an ichthyological survey within the PNPM, where samples were taken at sites during the dry season in 00, 00 and 0. We record 8 species representing three classes, 0 orders and 4 fish families. We report the first occurrence of the genus Anchoviella (order Clupeiformes), in the La Plata basin. This survey will provide information for future studies concerning conservation and management plans for the PNPM as well as for the Pantanal, which is one of the largest permanent wetland areas in the world and among the most unique and important South American biomes. Introduction Occupying the middle of the upper Paraguay River basin and draining portions of Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguai, the Pantanal biome is one of the largest continuous tropical wetlands on Earth, spanning approximately 50,000 km (IBGE 004). It has dry (March to September) and rainy (October to February) seasons, creating an annual rise and fall of water level that supports an abundant fish fauna (Catella and Petrere Jr. 996; Corrêa et al. 009). Because the Pantanal Biosphere Reserve contains one of the highest animal species richness of the Neotropical region, it is considered along with the Amazon an UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site and part of the RAMSAR convention (IBAMA 004). This international zone includes the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense (PNPM), which was created in 98 and is considered to be a high priority area for the conservation of the Pantanal under Brazilian law (SNUC 000). The South American fish fauna is estimated to contain more than 7,000 species representing a great fraction of the world s freshwater fishes (Carvalho and Albert 0). Beginning in the 9 th Century, many publications concerning the fishes from the upper Paraguai River basin have been produced (Perugia 89; Boulenger 895; 897; 900; Eigenmann and Kennedy 903; Eigenmann et al. 907; Britski et al. 999; 007). The number of estimated species from the upper Paraguai River basin is about 330 species (Reis et al. 003) and the last faunistic compilation (Britski et al. 007) assigned 69 species to the Pantanal s core. However, formal and well-documented fish surveys from Brazilian protected areas like the PNPM are scarce (e.g. Aquino et al. 009; Ferreira et al. 0; Pedroza et al. 0), and lists of species from management plans are not usually published. This study presents a survey of the ichthyofauna of the PNPM in the upper Paraguai River basin. Because its habitats remain virtually unchanged relative to their original condition, we aim to contribute to fish conservation in the Brazilian system of protected areas. Materials and Methods The PNPM covers,350 km at the border of Brazil (Poconé county, Mato Grosso State) and Bolivia (Figure ). Within the PNPM, fishes were sampled at sites in three different aquatic environments: river channels (rios, two sites), lakes (baías, six sites) and small streams (corixos, four sites) (Table, Figure ). Rivers represent major waterways (e.g. Rio Cuiabá and Rio Paraguai), while lakes are large, lentic lagoons that are connected to river channels during the rainy season and isolated during the dry season. Streams (or corixos) are channels that connect the main rivers to lakes. Data were collected in April, June and September 00 (as part of the fish inventory management plan of the PNPM), in October and November 00, and in October and November 0 (in an attempt to capture and account for species not sampled in 00) during daylight. Sampling efforts in 00 and 0 were standardized at all sites. Each site was sampled with seven gillnets blocking fish passage for two hours, two castnets (5 casts each) and

2 Polaz et al. Fishes from the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense 30 tows of dipnets along the vegetated margins by three collectors. A 0-meter bottom trawl was used at two lakes to complete the sampling of associated fish fauna. In 00, Figure. Map of the Pantanal biome showing the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense in the yellow area, at the border of Bolivia and Brazil, upper Paraguai River basin. the sites were inventoried without standardization of gear. The Pantanal expeditions were entirely coordinated by the ICMBio/MMA team who has permission to collect wild species in protected areas in Brazil (SISBIO 56- and 855-). The specimens were counted and sacrificed in a solution of clove oil (Eugenol, drops per liter; cf. American Veterinary Medical Association 00). After that, the fish were fixed in 96% ethanol (for molecular studies) or 0% formalin solution (for morphological studies) and then preserved in 70% ethanol. Large specimens or those in poor conditions were not deposited in museums. Muscle tissues were collected and preserved in 96% ethanol to support later genetic analyses (voucher specimens were also preserved). Species identifications were performed consulting the taxonomic literature and identification keys (Britski et al. 999; 007; Costa 0; Ferraris 007; Géry 977; Lucena 003; 007; Malabarba 004; Souza-Filho and Shibatta 007; Vari 99; 99a, b). Specimens that were not identified to species level were not inventoried to avoid accidentally listing a species twice. We used Figure. Sampled localities in the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense, upper Paraguai River basin, Brazil. See Table for detailed locality information. Photos by Carla N.M. Polaz (A, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K and L) and Leonardo Milano (B and I). 3

3 CLOFFSCA (Reis et al. 003) for classification of classes, orders and families, except in Characiformes in which we used the classification of Oliveira et al. (0), and an alphabetical order for genera and species. The specimens and tissues were deposited at the Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil (LBP) and Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil (LIRP). Additional uncatalogued material is housed at Embrapa Pantanal, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil (collection of Pantanal fishes under construction). Results A total of 8 fish species were collected during this survey, representing three classes, 0 orders and 4 families (Table ). The orders comprising the highest percentage of species richness were Characiformes (45%) and Siluriformes (34.8%), followed by Perciformes (8.7%) and Gymnotiformes (5.4%). These four orders represented 93.9% of the total richness. The most highly represented family was Characidae (0.8% of the species), followed by Loricariidae (9.3%) and Cichlidae (8.%). These values are consistent with other ichthyofaunal compilations in South American freshwaters (e.g. Langeani et al. 007; Ortega and Hidalgo 008; Vari et al. 009; Le Bail et al. 0). In collecting expeditions from 00 and 0, we sampled specimens of the genus Anchoviella, representing the first record of the genus in the upper Paraguai River basin (Figure 3). Discussion Each habitat requires distinct and suitable methods for collecting fishes most effectively (Uieda and Castro 999). Such methods can be ordinarily divided into active and passive approaches (Oyakawa and Esteves 004). In 00 and 0, when methods were standardized, active methods were more efficient than passive ones. Nearly 75% of fish richness was collected with seines while gillnets were responsible for less than 0%. Although the bottom trawl was applied only in two localities (baías), it was the second most effective equipment for fish sampling. We strongly recommend the use of bottom trawls in surveys of the Pantanal whenever possible. Some juveniles could not be identified to species-level (Astyanax sp., Bryconamericus sp., Characidium sp., Hemigrammus sp., Hyphessobrycon sp., Odontostilbe sp., Pimelodella sp., Pimelodus sp., and Serrapinnus sp.). Additionally, three species could only be identified to species complexes (Ancistrus sp., Hypostomus sp. and Imparfinis sp.). Such difficulties in identification are common among freshwater fishes, and many recent studies of systematics and taxonomy in the Paraguai basin have attempted to resolve such problems in many taxonomic groups, including characiforms (Malabarba 004; Benine et al. 009), gymnotiforms (Albert and Crampton 003; Carvalho et al. 0), and siluriforms (Zawadzki et al. 00; Vera-Alcaraz et al. 0). The Pantanal expeditions made an interesting discovery in 00 and 0. We collected 4 specimens of Anchoviella, which represent the first report of the genus in the upper Paraguai River basin. Previously, the only member of Engraulidae known to occur in the freshwaters of the La Plata basin was the silver sardine Lycengraulis grossidens (Kullander and Ferraris 003). The family Engraulidae comprises about 40 species Table. Sampled localities in the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense: environments, localities, geographic coordinates and their respective figures. ENVIRONMENTS LOCALITY COORDINATES FIGURES Rivers Rio Cuiabá S, W Fig. A Rio Paraguai S, W Fig. B Small streams Corixo Boca do Ricardo S, W Fig. C Corixo Bigueirinho S, W Fig. D Corixo Caracarazinho do Morro S, W Fig. E Corixo Morro do Caracará S, W Fig. F Lakes Baía do Burro S, W Fig. G Baía Caracarazinho do Morro S, W Fig. H Baía do Morro S, W Fig. I Baía do Nove S, W Fig. J Baía do Rio Bigueirinho S, W Fig. K Baía das Três Bocas S, W Fig. L Figure 3. Specimen of Anchoviella sp., LBP 369, 38.9 mm in total length, collected at corixo Bigueirinho in the PNPM, upper Paraguai River basin, Brazil. 4

4 worldwide, with some marine species entering brackish or freshwater environments (Whitehead et al. 988; Kullander and Ferraris 003). The genus Anchoviella lives in marine, estuarine, or freshwater habitats in South, Central, and North America (Loeb 0). These specimens from Pantanal are currently being studied as part of a taxonomic review of Anchoviella (M. Loeb, personal communication). Comparing across the two different sampling periods, 05 species (57.% of the total) were collected in both 00 and 00-0, while 6 species were found only in the first period and 6 were collected only in the most recent expeditions (00-0). Our survey obtained approximately 70% of the total species known to inhabit the Pantanal (Britski et al. 007). As the PNPM area is still incompletely explored and studied, it is likely that more new records of fish species will be discovered within its borders in the near future. Table. List of fish species collected in the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense, upper Paraguai River basin. Samples were made in 00 and ( ) Total of species - Genus sp. represents cases that were not included in species counts, to avoid the possibility of counting a species twice. CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES () MYLIOBATIFORMES () Potamotrygonidae () Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 84) LBP 69 CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII (9 species) CLUPEIFORMES () Engraulidae () Anchoviella sp. LBP 369, LBP 404 Pristigasteridae () Pellona flavipinnis (Valenciennes, 837) Embrapa uncatalogued CHARACIFORMES (8) Parodontidae () Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner, 879) LBP 934, LBP 989 Curimatidae (8) Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 889) LBP 3459 Curimatopsis myersi Vari, 98 LBP 3434, LBP 3540, LBP 364, LBP 4006 Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903) LBP 363, LBP 404, LBP 40, LBP 4064 Potamorhina squamoralevis (Braga & Azpelicueta, 983) LBP 69 Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy, 889 LBP 3338, LIRP 9538 Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 889) LBP 4057 Steindachnerina conspersa (Holmberg, 89) LBP 987, LBP 346, LBP 4055 Steindachnerina nigrotaenia Boulenger, 90 LBP 3338 Prochilodontidae () Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 837) Embrapa uncatalogued Anostomidae (8) Abramites hypselonotus (Günther, 868) Leporinus cf. friderici Bloch, 794 LBP3443, LIRP 9450 Leporinus lacustris Amaral Campos, 945 Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 988 Empraba uncatalogued Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 836) LIRP 9448, LIRP 9449, LIRP 9657 Leporinus striatus Kner, 858 LBP 884, LBP 98, LBP 344, LBP 35, LBP 3597, LBP 378, LBP 400, LBP 4049 LBP 906, LBP 978, LBP 3339, LBP 34, LBP 357, LBP 3580, LBP 369, LBP 3659, LBP 3696, LBP 6953 LBP 899, LBP 938, LBP 976, LBP 348, LBP 354, LBP 3568, LBP 358, LBP 369, LBP 3707, LBP 408, LBP 405 Schizodon borellii (Boulenger, 900) LBP 66, LBP 3404, LBP 365, LBP 3640 Schizodon isognathus Kner, 858 LBP 407 Crenuchidae () Characidium laterale (Bouleger, 895) LBP 894, LBP 93, LBP 344, LBP 355 Characidium aff. zebra Eigenmann, 909 LBP 93, LBP 34, LBP 3464, LBP 35 Characidium sp. LBP 3675 Hemiodontidae () Hemiodus orthonops Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903 Embrapa uncatalogued Bryconidae () Brycon hilarii (Valenciennes, 850) LBP 64 Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 86) Embrapa uncatalogued Triportheidae (3) Clupeacharax anchoveoides Pearson, 94 Embrapa uncatalogued Triportheus nematurus (Kner, 858) LBP 640, LBP 97, LIRP 946 Triportheus pantanensis Malabarba, 004 LBP 3457, LIRP 947 5

5 Table. Continued. Gasteropelecidae () Gasteropelecus sternicla (Linnaeus, 758) LBP 940, LBP 955, LBP 349, LBP 3445, LBP 375 Thoracocharax stellatus (Kner, 858) LBP 405 Characidae (38) Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903 LIRP 955, LIRP 9553 Aphyocharax dentatus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903 LBP 94, LBP 3475, LBP 354, LBP 358 Aphyocharax nattereri Steindachner, 88 LBP 939, LBP 3536, LBP 3608 Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann, 907 LBP 345, LBP 3533 Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 84) LBP 3584, LBP 373 Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 97 LBP 997, LBP 40, LBP 408, LBP 4043 Astyanax sp. LBP 3530, LBP 3677 Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann, 907 LBP 96, LBP 3408, LBP 3463, LBP 3500, LBP 3565, LBP 3598 Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 908 LBP 9 Bryconamericus sp. LBP 37 Charax leticiae Lucena, 987 LBP 935, LBP 354, LBP 360, LBP 3706, LBP 405 Ctenobrycon alleni (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 907) LBP 3668, LBP 4009, LBP 403 Cynopotamus kincaidi (Schultz, 950) LBP 638, LBP 3658 Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 895) LBP 4005 Galeocharax humeralis (Valenciennes, 834) LBP 959, LBP 3453, LBP 3483, LBP 3694 Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, 98 LBP 97, LBP 97, LBP 347, LBP 3605 Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 9 LIRP 9559, LIRP 9560 Hemigrammus sp. LBP 40 Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger, 895) Embrapa uncatalogued Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 88) LBP 903, LBP 349, LBP 3509, LBP 3534, LBP 3570, LBP 4007 Hyphessobrycon megalopterus (Eigenmann, 95) LBP 3538 Hyphessobrycon sp. LBP 3498, LBP 4033 Jupiaba acanthogaster (Eigenmann, 9) LBP 357, LBP 3584, LBP 373 Knodus chapadae (Fowler, 906) Embrapa uncatalogued Moenkhausia bonita Benine, Castro & Sabino, 004 LBP 787 Moenkhausia dichroura Kner, 858 LBP 948, LBP 998, LBP 34, LBP 3553, LBP 4040 Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira, 009 LBP 946, LBP 966, LBP 343, LBP 353 Moenkhausia cf. oligolepis (Günther, 864) LIRP 9578, LIRP 9579, LIRP 9560 Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903 LBP 893, LBP 94, LBP 954, LBP 3508 Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner, 88) LBP 9, LBP 945, LBP 975, LBP 3496 Odontostilbe sp. LBP 3574 Phenacogaster tegatus (Eigenmann, 9) Embrapa uncatalogued Piabarchus analis (Eigenmann, 94) LIRP 9587, LIRP 9588, LIRP 9589 Poptella paraguayensis (Eigenmann, 907) LBP 969, LBP 3409, LBP 3447, LBP 3554, LBP 3680, LBP 3695, LBP 4044 Prionobrama paraguayensis (Eigenmann, 94) LBP 90, LBP 95, LBP 3407, LBP 3564, LBP 3586 Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 903) Roeboides affinis (Günther, 868) LBP 403, LBP 4050, LBP 4066 Roeboides descalvadensis Fowler, 93 LBP 368 Roeboides microlepis (Reinhardt, 85) LBP 3456 LBP 933, LBP 953, LBP 988, LBP 345, LBP 3433, LBP 3590, LBP 367, LBP 4045, LBP 695 Serrapinnus calliurus (Boulenger, 900) LBP 890, LBP 947, LBP 974, LBP 340, LBP 3467, LBP 35 Serrapinnus kriegi (Schindler, 937) LBP 900, LBP 98, LBP 3503 Serrapinnus microdon (Eigenmann, 95) LBP 943, LBP 3497, LBP 3577 Serrapinnus sp. LBP 3550 Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 86 LBP 990, 3558, 4036, 4046 Serrassalmidae (8) Metynnis maculatus (Kner, 858) Uncatalogued Metynnis mola Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903 Embrapa uncatalogued Myleus levis Eigenmann & McAtee, 907 LBP 644, LBP 3406 Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 88) LBP 63, LIRP 968, LIRP 969 Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 887 Embrapa uncatalogued Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 858 LBP 64 Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 858 Embrapa uncatalogued Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 837 LBP 639 6

6 Table. Continued. Acestrorhynchidae () Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes, 99 LBP 63, LBP 345 Cynodontidae () Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 89 LBP 65 Erythrinidae (3) Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 80) LBP 6949 Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 89) LBP 888 Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Bloch, 794) LBP 3444, LBP 3557, LBP 306 Lebiasinidae () Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903 LBP 90, LBP 937, LBP 346, LBP 364, LBP 3669, LBP 3704 Iguanodectidae () Bryconops melanurus (Bloch 794) Embrapa uncatalogued Piabucus melanostoma Holmberg, 89 LBP 99, LBP 340, LBP 345, LBP 346, LBP 7830, LIRP 9645 SILURIFORMES (63) Aspredinidae (3) Amaralia hypsiura (Kner, 855) LBP 968 Bunocephalus doriae Boulenger, 90 LBP 4063 Pseudobunocephalus rugosus (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903) LBP 353, LBP 3594, LBP 3649, LBP 3689 Trichomycteridae (4) Ituglanis eichorniarum (Miranda Ribeiro, 9) LBP 3585, LBP 406 Ituglanis herberti (Miranda Ribeiro, 940) LBP 3468 Ochmacanthus batrachostomus (Miranda Ribeiro, 9) Embrapa uncatalogued Trichomycterus johnsoni (Fowler, 93) LBP 3468 Callichthyidae (4) Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 758) Embrapa uncatalogued Corydoras hastatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 888 LBP 90, LBP 348, LBP 350, LBP 355 Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 88) LBP 885, LIRP 9433 Lepthoplosternum pectorale (Boulenger, 895) LBP 6957, LIRP 943 Scoloplacidae () Scoloplax distolothrix Schaefer, Weitzman & Britski, 989 LBP 95 Scoloplax empousa Schaefer, Weitzman & Britski, 989 LBP 789 Loricariidae (7) Ancistrus sp. LBP 970 Farlowella paraguayensis Retzer & Page, 997 LBP 94, LBP 3665 Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner, 853) LBP 3593 Hypoptopoma inexspectatum (Holmberg, 893) Hypostomus aff. ancistroides (Ihering, 9) LIRP 946, LIRP 9463 Hypostomus boulengeri (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903) LBP 65, LBP 944 LBP 360, LBP 3636, LBP 3655, LBP 377, LIRP 9387, LIRP 9388, LIRP 9389 Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 854 LBP 886, LBP 963, LBP 3499, LBP 3555 Hypostomus latifrons Weber, 986 LBP 887, LBP 95, LBP 965, LBP 358 Hypostomus sp. LBP 3435, LBP 3437, LBP 3460, LBP 3600 Loricaria sp. LBP 3400 Loricariichthys labialis (Boulenger, 895) LBP 7840 Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 979 LBP 6 Megalancistrus parananus (Peters, 88) Embrapa uncatalogued Otocinclus vittatus Regan, 904 LBP 3607, LBP 379 Proloricaria prolixa (Isbrücker & Nijssen 978) LBP 60, LBP 7839 Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg, 893) LBP 68, LBP 3545, LIRP 949, LIRP 9430 Rineloricaria parva (Boulenger, 895) Sturisoma barbatum (Kner, 853) LBP 6, LBP 895, LBP 996 Pseudopimelodidae () Microglanis cottoides (Boulenger 89) Embrapa uncatalogued Heptapteridae (6) LBP 9, LBP 964, LBP 3439, LBP 3474, LIRP 938, LIRP 9383, LIRP 9384 Imparfinis sp. LBP 788, LBP 89, LBP 930, LBP 950, LBP 343, LBP 3465 Phenacorhamdia hoehnei (Miranda Ribeiro, 94) LBP 350 Pimelodella cf. gracilis (Valenciennes, 835) LBP 340, LBP 3450, LBP 3588 Pimelodella mucosa Eigenmann & Ward, 907 LBP 646 Pimelodella notomelas Eigenmann, 97 LBP 995 7

7 Table. Continued. Pimelodella sp. LBP 783 Rhamdia aff. quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 84) LBP 68, LBP 99, LBP 3454, LBP 36 Pimelodidae () Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 89) Embrapa uncatalogued Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 889 Embrapa uncatalogued Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Valenciennes, 840) LBP 63 Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix & Agassiz, 89 Embrapa uncatalogued Megalonema platanum (Günther, 880) Embrapa uncatalogued Pimelodus argenteus Perugia, 89 LBP 634 Pimelodus ornatus Kner, 858 LIRP 957 Pimelodus pantaneiro Souza-Filho & Shibatta, 007 LBP 633 Pimelodus sp. LBP 783 Pinirampus pirinampu (Spix & Agassiz, 89) LBP 6 Sorubim lima (Bloch & Schneider, 80) LBP 60 Zungaro jahu (Ihering, 898) LBP 6 Doradidae (6) Anadoras weddellii (Castelnau, 855) LBP 346, LBP 353 Ossancora eigenmanni (Boulenger, 895) LBP 3583, LBP 3637, LBP 6954 Oxydoras kneri Bleeker, 86 LBP 4650 Platydoras armatulus (Valenciennes, 840) LBP 973, LBP 3595, LBP 400, LBP 4058 Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 8) LBP 63 Rhinodoras dorbignyi (Kner, 855) Embrapa uncatalogued Auchenipteridae (9) Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus, 766) Embrapa uncatalogued Ageneiosus ucayalensis Castelnau, 855 Embrapa uncatalogued Auchenipterus nigripinnis (Boulenger, 895) LIRP 9439 Auchenipterus osteomystax (Miranda Ribeiro, 98) LBP 637 Entomocorus radiosus Reis & Borges, 006 LBP 4003 Tatia neivai (Ihering, 930) Embrapa uncatalogued Trachelyopterus coriaceus Valenciennes, 840 LBP 984 Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 766) LBP 346, LBP 366, LBP 3699 Trachelyopterus striatulus (Steindachner, 877) LBP 635, LBP 889, LBP 3603, LIRP 9454, LIRP 9455 GYMNOTIFORMES (0) Gymnotidae (3) Gymnotus cf. carapo Linnaeus 758 Embrapa uncatalogued Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 839) LBP 66, LBP 996 Gymnotus paraguensis Albert & Crampton, 003 LBP 979, LBP 3477 Sternopygidae (3) Eigenmannia trilineata López & Castello, 966 LBP 909, LBP 96, LBP 3404, LBP 3458, LIRP 9378, LIRP 9379 Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes,84) LBP 343, LBP 3685 Eigenmannia sp. Embrapa uncatalogued Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 80) Ramphichthyidae () Gymnorhamphichthys britskii Carvalho, Ramos & Albert, 0 LBP 364 LBP 96, LBP 93, LBP 96, LBP 3404, LBP 34, LIRP: 9393, LIRP 9394, LIRP 9395 Rhamphichthys hahni (Meiken, 937) LBP 3486, LBP 403, LIRP 94, LIRP 94, LIRP 943 Hypopomidae () Brachyhypopomus sp. LBP 98, LBP 356 Brachyhypopomus sp. B LBP 993 Apteronotidae () Apteronotus albifrons (Linnaeus, 766) LBP 98, LBP 370 Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana, 003 LBP 908, LBP 99, LBP 3440, LIRP 9430 CYPRINODONTIFORMES (3) Rivulidae () Melanorivulus punctatus (Boulenger, 895) LBP 980, LBP 3493, LBP 3644 Neofundulus paraguayensis (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903) Embrapa uncatalogued Poeciliidae () Pamphorichthys hasemani (Henn, 96) Uncatalogued 8

8 Table. Continued. BELONIFORMES () Belonidae () Potamorhaphis eigenmanni Miranda Ribeiro, 95 LBP 37, LBP 4004 SYNBRANCHIFORMES () Synbranchidae () Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 795 LBP 347, LBP 368, LBP 3647 PERCIFORMES (6) Sciaenidae () Plagioscion ternetzi Boulenger, 895 LBP 67 Cichlidae (5) Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander, 984 LBP 983, LBP 3473, LBP 3480 Apistogramma borellii (Regan, 906) LBP 49, LBP 495, LBP 999, LBP 3579 Apistogramma commbrae (Regan, 906) LBP 493, LBP 496, LBP 498, LBP 3539 Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 903) LBP 490, LBP 494, LBP 497, LBP 3490, LBP 3587 Astronotus crassipinis (Heckel, 840) Uncatalogued Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 83) Embrapa uncatalogued Bujurquina vittata (Heckel, 840) LBP 4035 Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 840) LBP 905, LBP 3430, LBP 3630 Crenicichla lepidota Heckel, 840 LBP 636, LBP 897, LBP 90, LBP 97 Crenicichla vittata Heckel, 840 LBP 967, LBP 403 Crenicichla semifasciata (Heckel, 840) Embrapa uncatalogued Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia, 89) Embrapa uncatalogued Laetacara dorsigera (Heckel, 840) LBP 356 Mesonauta festivus (Heckel, 840) LBP 645, LBP 359, LBP 3638, LBP 4000 Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 840) Embrapa uncatalogued CLASS SARCOPTERYGII () LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES () Lepidosirenidae () Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, 837 Embrapa uncatalogued Acknowledgments: The authors thank the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (CEPTA and PNPM teams) for fish sampling and financial support of the expeditions. 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