Endoscopic resection in the colon: A practical guide. Michael Bourke
|
|
- Grant Cunningham
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Endoscopic resection in the colon: A practical guide. Michael Bourke INTRODUCTION Colonoscopic polypectomy is a fundamental tool in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic polypectomy reduces the anticipated incidence of colorectal malignancy in patients with significant adenomas by approximately 80% in longterm follow up 1-3. Between 80-90% of adenomatous lesions are 10 mms size and conventional snare polypectomy has been the accepted treatment for more than 3 decades. Such lesions do not pose a significant challenge to an appropriately trained and skilled colonoscopist 4. However, the assessment and treatment of larger lesions greater than 20 mms in maximum dimension is an evolving field of knowledge. LESION ASSESSMENT AND INDICATIONS: EMR is indicated for sessile colonic lesions >10mm in maximum dimension that are being considered for endoscopic treatment. Smaller or pedunculated lesions can generally be safely removed with a conventional snare technique. All sessile lesions should be carefully characterised and assessed for the risk of submucosal invasion (SMI) before excision. If a significant risk for SMI exists, then this may suggest a change in the endoscopic treatment strategy or the need for surgery. En-bloc resection is preferable if the risk for SMI is substantial. INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT: Snares Snare selection is to some extent an individual choice, but stiff type snares have clear advantages for tissue capture. We prefer a snare with a serrated wire to facilitate entrapment of normal tissue at the margin of the lesion. A range of sizes and configurations is required including oval, round and hexagonal from 10 to 20 mms for flat lesions. For large pedunculated and bulky exophytic lesions, large snares of 3 x 4-6 cms, oval or hexagonal, are necessary. The 20 mm spiral snare is our standard instrument for large en bloc (15-20 mms and above) and extensive piecemeal ER. The diameter of the wire is 0.48 mm. Small residuals at the margins are excised using a thin wire mini oval snare. The smaller wire diameter of 0.3 mm facilitates better tissue capture in this case. Electrosurgery Microprocessor-controlled electrosurgical generators capable of delivering alternating cycles of high frequency short pulse cutting with more prolonged coagulation current are required. [Erbe VIO 300 (Tübingen, Germany); Olympus ESG-100 (Tokyo, Japan)]. These generators sense tissue impedance via
2 signals from the return electrode and adjust power output accordingly. In the authors view, generators without these features do not provide an acceptable level of electrosurgical safety for extensive and complex EMR. Unintentional deep tissue injury may occur leading to serositis and the potential for delayed perforation. Injection solution The ideal solution should be inexpensive, readily available, non toxic, easy to prepare and inject and provide a long lasting submucosal cushion 22. Ideally it should also provide a well circumscribed rather than diffuse elevation and thus a substantial difference in elevation between the target lesion and the uninvolved non-neoplastic surrounding tissue 23. This greatly facilitates the technical ease of resection. Although normal saline is most commonly used there are a wide variety of alternatives, each with their own limitations, reflecting the absence of a clearly superior solution. Normal saline s advantages include ease of use, isotonicity, non-allergenicity and lack of toxicity if injected transmurally. However the submucosal cushion is relatively short lived and the mucosal elevation is not as marked as other solutions. It is also limited by its dispersion within the submucosal plane and thus tissue elevation is not well circumscribed. Numerous alternatives including hyaluronic acid, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, glycerol, fibrinogen, hypertonic saline, dextrose and/or autologous blood are limited by expense, complex preparatory requirements, localised tissue inflammation and damage and administration difficulties 22,24. Succinylated gelatin (SG) is a widely available inexpensive, safe colloidal solution that is commonly used for intravenous fluid resuscitation. It exerts an oncotic pressure comparable to that of human albumin. A biologically inert blue dye such as indigo carmine in a concentration of 0.04% (equating to 1 ml from the standard 4 mg/l solution) is used in the injection solution. The benefits are threefold 26 : The dye defines the perimeter of the lesion. This is especially beneficial in subtle pathology where the neoplasm may merge imperceptibly with the surrounding mucosa, for example 0-IIb non granular lesions or sessile serrated adenomas. This eliminates the need for pre-resection thermal marking of the margins of the target which is usually not necessary in the colon. The blue coloration delineates the extent of the submucosal cushion, thus defining the safe EMR zone. Dyes such as indigo carmine and methylene blue are avid for the loose areolar connective tissue of the submucosa, staining this layer blue. This is very helpful to confirm that one is working in the correct tissue plane. The dye is not taken up by the muscularis propria and thus if this plane is entered a disruption to the almost uniformly blue appearance will be seen.
3 Dilute epinephrine in a concentration of 1:100,000 is also added to the injection solution. It has no role in preventing delayed bleeding but is useful for creating a bloodless field during EMR analogous to its use in cutaneous surgery. Small amounts of bleeding during the resection disrupt the endoscopic view. The epinephrine by its local vaso-constrictive action may also limit dispersion of the submucosal injection solution and thus potentially enhance the magnitude and duration of tissue elevation. TECHNIQUE General Principles The goal of endoscopic resection is to remove the entire lesion in as few pieces as is safely possible. For lesions of maximum dimension mms in the right colon and mms in the left colon (particularly rectum), en-bloc or Ro resection should be considered, but may not always be technically possible. In the colon a Ro excision should be consistently achievable for lesions <20 mms in maximum dimension. En-bloc resection has many proven and theoretical advantages including more accurate histological assessment, negligible recurrence and potential cure in low risk submucosal invasive disease 15. In the colon, if the depth of SMI is <1000 microns (termed SM1), the tumour is histologically well differentiated and there is no lymphovascular invasion then a Ro endoscopic excision is curative Injection Technique The first few submucosal injections set the stage for a successful procedure and great care should be taken at this point. Poorly placed or excessive injections, particularly within relatively narrow lumens (eg. stenosing sigmoid diverticular disease) may create major difficulties and potentially render the procedure impossible. A carefully placed submucosal injection should make the procedure easier by lifting the lesion out into the lumen and towards the colonoscope. This is particularly important for poorly accessible lesions located on the proximal sides of folds or within tight angulations. A transparent short cap can be used to deflect folds and facilitate access to the proximal aspect of lesions saddling folds. For extensive piecemeal ER we prefer a sequential inject and resect technique and thus avoid elevating the entire lesion at the outset. We perform one or two resections each 1-2 sequential injections. Elevating the entirety of a large lesion (>40 mms) may create difficulty with access but also excessive tension within the cushion limiting purchase of the snare and decreasing the size of sequential piecemeal resections. Where access is unrestricted and en-bloc excision is being considered (<25-30 mms distal colon and rectum, <20-25 mm right colon) use the injection to elevate the lesion towards the colonoscope. Divide the lesion into thirds and make the initial injection at the junction of the middle and furtherest thirds (from the scope tip). If SMI is suspected, then avoid intralesional injection and inject on the caecal side. Position the needle tip tangentially to the mucosal surface and gently touch the surface
4 Ask your assistant to commence the injection whilst simultaneously stabbing the mucosa with the needle tip by a rapid 1-2 cm movement with the right hand (holding the injection catheter). This technique accesses the submucosal plane swiftly and accurately. The correct plane is confirmed by an immediate elevation of the mucosa. Ongoing injection without tissue elevation or intra-luminal fluid escape indicates transmural placement of the needle tip with extra-mural injection. Slowly withdraw the needle and the tissue should elevate. Pull back slightly on the injection catheter or colonoscope, whilst maintaining the position of the needle tip in the submucosal plane. This will reduce the deformity on the mucosal surface and maximise fluid deposition immediately beneath the lesion, limiting dispersion of the fluid cushion beyond the perimeter of the lesion. You may even gently rotate the mucosa (which is impaled on the needle tip) out into the lumen by torque on the endoscope shaft. After satisfactory tissue elevation (usually a 5-8 ml submucosal injection), resect this area first. In cases of submucosal fibrosis (usually from a previous attempt, sometimes aggressive biopsy and occasionally lesion biology or SMI) where the needle tip is placed correctly, but the submucosal plane is obliterated by fibrosis, a jet sign may be seen. A jet of fluid exits the lesion at high pressure. Alternatively a canyoning effect may occur where the lesion remains anchored in its original position, but the tissue of the perimeter elevates. The injection should be terminated immediately. The peripheral elevation will make the lesion very difficult to access, ensnare and completely remove. For more extensive lesions, beyond or straddling haustral folds or angulations, plan to resect the least accessible area first and use the first injection to facilitate access to this area. Resection Technique After careful lesion assessment, an endoscopic resection plan is loosely formulated, taking into account the orientation, size and position of the lesion in relation to the endoscope and its location in the colon. A more aggressive approach can usually be adopted in the rectum, whereas great care needs to be taken in the caecum. Plan to remove the lesion in as few pieces as safely possible. En-bloc and oligo piecemeal resections create fewer opportunities for error, more accurate histological assessment and theoretically a reduced risk of recurrence in comparison to when lesions are removed in numerous pieces (poly piecemeal excision). Orientate the target so that it is in the 5-6 o'clock position Resect the most inaccessible and difficult aspect first Work sequentially from the point of first entry into the submucosal plane using the edge of the defect as the base for subsequent piecemeal resections Excise a 2-3 mm margin of normal tissue at the edge of the lesion, this eliminates the risk of small amounts of residual tissue at the edge of the defect. These can be difficult to treat.
5 Align the snare at the edge of the advancing mucosal defect to minimise occurrence of tissue islands within the defect. These are difficult to remove subsequently. If a large en-bloc resection is planned, attempt to align the longitudinal axis of the snare with the longest axis of the lesion, this maximises the tissue capture capacity. For lesions which have extended across the lumen this may require pivoting the body of the snare after impacting it s tip. Open the snare completely above your target and push down firmly on the fluid cushion with the up/down control whilst aspirating air. Deflating the lumen reduces colonic wall tension and decreases the footprint of the neoplasm on that wall, maximising tissue capture. Close the snare tightly. If using a spiral or serrated snare, it is not possible to transect ensnared tissue of more than 10 mm diameter without the use of diathermy. Individual snares have different handling characteristics. Endoscopists who perform advanced endoscopic resection should become familiar with the performance characteristics of their preferred snares. We use the 20 mm spiral snare as the general work horse of extended piecemeal and en-bloc EMR. Closing the snare maximally excludes muscularis propria from the captured tissue analogous to the use of rubber band ligation during multi-band mucosectomy in the oesophagus. As endoscopists we prefer to close the snare handle ourselves during the final transection phase. The sensory feedback is invaluable to inform on the safety and efficacy of the excision. Safe tissue capture is confirmed by three manoeuvres 23,24,26 : 1. assess mobility of the ensnared tissue relative to the adjacent colonic wall; the captured tissue should be able to move back and forth quickly and seemingly slide a short distance over the surface of the colon; 2. the degree of closure of the snare handle; for a spiral snare the snare handle should be such that the distance between the thumb and fingers is less than 1 cm; 3. the speed of transection; this phase should be short-lived. The snare is kept tightly closed whilst the foot pedal is depressed. With a microprocessor controlled generator and alternating short cut and coagulation current, between 1-3 pulses transect the tissue. A more prolonged transection phase indicates either potential entrapment of the muscularis propria or deeper neoplastic invasion. In the right colon we generally tap the pedal, essentially cutting the tissue from the colonic wall in a fashion similar to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Specimen Processing, Post Procedural Care and Endoscopic Follow up All specimens should be retrieved for histological assessment. Commercially available 2-3 cm nets are the best option for multiple specimen retrieval. With very extensive EMR, specimen retrieval can be a challenge and may require several passages of the colonoscope. Specimens larger than 15 mms should be flattened on a cork board and their margins pinned. Pinning of specimens (particularly after en-bloc excision) prevents curling of the tissue within the formalin and facilitates more accurate histological assessment allowing the histopathologist to report on lateral and deep margins of excision.
6 Location of the lesion should be precisely noted to facilitate accurate endoscopic follow up. In the left colon the anatomical location and the precise distance from the anus on withdrawal with a straight scope should be recorded. If the lesion is located beyond the fold in a difficult position to directly visualise this must also be recorded. In the right colon (ascending colon and caecum) it is useful to note the number of folds above the fold of the ileocaecal valve and the orientation with reference to the ileocaecal valve considering the valve as being on the medial wall in the 9 o'clock position. Thus in reference to this, a 6 o'clock position would be the posterior wall of the ascending colon. For sites that will be difficult to localise subsequently such as the transverse or sigmoid colon or medial wall of the distal ascending colon, marking the contra-lateral wall 2-3 cms distal to the ER site (to ensure that the submucosal carbon solution does not contaminate the ER site) with one or two injections of sterile carbon particle suspension is invaluable. It is important to avoid transmural injection as carbon markers have been reported to cause fat necrosis and a localised inflammatory reaction may cloud clinical interpretation after the procedure 30. A 2 step injection technique is preferred. Saline is used to find the submucosal plane and create a small cushion which can then be injected with the carbon suspension 31. After extensive piecemeal EMR, surveillance colonoscopy is undertaken at 4-6 months to directly assess the scar with both high resolution white light and narrow band imaging to look for any residual/recurrent disease which can easily be treated at that time. If there is a residual, this is generally diminutive and unifocal and easily excised/ablated 5. Subsequent to that colonoscopy is repeated annually for the next three years, with direct visualization and biopsy of the scar, with surveillance intervals gradually lengthening subsequent to that. Summary of Colonic EMR, Outcomes and Limitations The optimal technique of piecemeal ER for extensive lesions has not been defined. There is no consensus on whether the entire lesion should be elevated initially or whether a sequential inject and resect approach should be taken. Although normal saline solution is most commonly used, the optimal solution or volume to be injected is not known. The search for the ideal submucosal injection solution continues 22,24,25,36. Complex lesion competencies, which would include extensive ER, have also not been determined. Large LSTs > 30mm are uncommon and require special skills for safe removal 5,37. They are best managed on a tertiary referral basis, but such pathways have not yet been developed or clearly defined 38. Most large studies from tertiary centres report technical success in the order of 100% with few major complications, no deaths and perforation at a frequency of 0-2% 32-35,39. Nearly all suffer from the limitations described above, particularly retrospective design and lack of comprehensive ITT enrolment.
7 CONCLUSION EMR is clearly the primary endoscopic therapy in the management of large lateral spreading tumors (LSTs) and sessile lesions in the colon. Evidence based lesion specific endoscopic treatment algorithms are required. Post procedural care, procedure duration and endoscopic complications are major considerations in the West which influence the approach and favor EMR over ESD for example. Amongst typical referral cases seen at tertiary centres in the West, non granular lesions are uncommon and thus absolute indications for en-bloc resection of larger lesions by ESD, are thus infrequent 5,34,40,48 Japanese experts now also increasingly accept that en-bloc resection is not necessary for most LSTs 49. The last decade has seen major advances in endoscopic resection throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract and particularly the colon Ever more aggressive endoscopic interventions are now possible with minimal disruption to the underlying anatomy or physiology of the patient, shortened recovery and limited interference with usual activities. The future looks promising.
Learning Luncheon 7: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: When, Where and How?
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR): When, Where, and Charles J. Lightdale, MD Columbia University New York, NY Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) EMR developed for removal of sessile or flat neoplasms
More informationEndo Conference: Large Polypectomy & EMR
Endo Conference: Large Polypectomy & EMR Dr. Whang Feb 3, 2015 VOGELGRAM: genetic pathway of colorectal cancer & genes affected by point mutations Outline I. Baseline Colonoscopy II. Colon Polyps III.
More informationThese parameters cannot, at the present time, be determined by non-invasive imaging techniques.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Upper Gastrointestinal Lesions Kenneth K. Wang, M.D. Chairman, WEO Publication and Guidelines Committee Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Upper gastrointestinal
More informationHow to report Upper GI EMR/ESD specimens
Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology How to report Upper GI EMR/ESD specimens Dr.H.Grabsch Warning. Most of the criteria, methodologies, evidence presented in this talk are based on studies in early
More informationCOLONOSCOPIC POLYPECTOMY AND ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION: A PRACTICAL GUIDE
COLONOSCOPIC POLYPECTOMY AND ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION: A PRACTICAL GUIDE Stuart A Riley 2008 Introduction Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United Kingdom with approximately
More informationEndoscopic Resection for Barrett s Esophagus and Early Cancer 2014 Masters of Minimally Invasive Surgery
Endoscopic Resection for Barrett s Esophagus and Early Cancer 2014 Masters of Minimally Invasive Surgery Matthew Hartwig, M.D. Duke Cancer Institute Case Presentation: Patient ER 51 y/o man with schizophrenia
More informationERBEJET 2. The versatility of waterjet surgery: ERBEJET 2 with hybrid instruments WATERJET SURGERY
ERBEJET 2 The versatility of waterjet surgery: ERBEJET 2 with hybrid instruments WATERJET SURGERY Gentle interventions in surgery and endoscopy Waterjet surgery with hybrid technology Waterjet surgery
More informationEMR Can anyone do this?
EMR Can anyone do this? Norio Fukami, MD University of Colorado Piecemeal resection? 1 Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) Endoscopic removal of premalignant or
More informationESD for colorectal lesions I am in favour. Alessandro Repici, MD Digestive Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas Milano, Italy
ESD for colorectal lesions I am in favour Alessandro Repici, MD Digestive Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas Milano, Italy Surgery for early colonic lesions 51 pts referred for lap colectomy
More informationDeveloping an endoscopic mucosal resection service in a district general hospital
RESEARCH Developing an endoscopic mucosal resection service in a district general hospital Chris A Lamb, 1 Jamie A Barbour 2 1 Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, The Medical School,
More informationThe Captivator II Snares are the first line of stiff and rounded snares available in multiple sizes with both a hot and cold snaring indication.
Captivator II Single-Use Snares The Captivator II Snares are the first line of stiff and rounded snares available in multiple sizes with both a hot and cold snaring indication. The Captivator II Snare
More informationEndoscopic caps are commonly used for both diagnosis
Endoscopic Caps Kazuki Sumiyama, MD, and Elizabeth Rajan, MD Endoscopic caps are commonly used accessories for both endoscopic therapy and diagnosis. Many variations of endoscopic caps are available. Cap
More informationBAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
Reviewer s code: 01714224 Reviewer s country: Italy Date reviewed: 2015-01-30 20:36 [ Y] Grade A: Priority publishing [ ] Accept [ ] Grade C: Good [ Y] Grade D: Fair language [ Y] Major revision The article
More informationEndoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of colorectal neoplasms ENDOSCOPY CORNER
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY 2012;10:22 26 ENDOSCOPY CORNER Efficacy of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection With Circumferential Incision for Patients With Large Colorectal Tumors TAKU SAKAMOTO, TAKAHISA
More informationCaptivator II. Single-Use Snares
Captivator II Single-Use Snares Captivator II Snares are the first line of stiff and rounded snares available in multiple sizes with both a hot and cold snaring indication. The Captivator II Snare line
More informationBilling Guideline. Subject: Colorectal Cancer Screening Exams (Invasive Procedures) Effective Date: 1/1/2012 Last Update Effective: 4/16
Subject: Colorectal Cancer Screening Exams (Invasive Procedures) Effective Date: 1/1/2012 Last Update Effective: 4/16 Billing Guideline Background Health First administers benefit packages with full coverage
More informationHOW I DO IT Removing large or sessile colonic polyps
HOW I DO IT AUTHORSHIP How I do it: Brian Saunders MD FRCP St Mark s Academic Institute Harrow Middlesex UK Comment Gregory G. Ginsberg, MD University of Pennsylvania Health Systems Philadelphia USA Summary
More informationCaptivator EMR Device
Device Clinical Article and Abstract Summary Endoscopic Mucosal Bergman et al: EMR Training Tips Bergman et al: EMR Learning Curve ASGE: EMR & ESD Guidelines Bergman et al: Captivator EMR vs Cook Duette
More informationHemostasis Solutions Boston Scientific is committed to improving patient care in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Hemostasis Solutions Boston Scientific is committed to improving patient care in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. Through innovation and continuous educational support, we offer a wide range
More informationThe utility of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopy in the endoscopic mucosal resection of early gastric cancer
Gut 1999;45:599 604 599 The utility of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopy in the endoscopic mucosal resection of early gastric cancer S Ohashi, K Segawa, S Okamura, M Mitake, H Urano, M Shimodaira,
More informationEndoscopic Submucosal Dissection (E.S.D.) vs. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (E.M.R.) in Colombia. Advocating E.M.R.
Controversies in Gastroenterology Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (E.S.D.) vs. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (E.M.R.) in Colombia. Advocating E.M.R. Raúl Cañadas Garrido, MD. 1 1 Internist-Gastroenterologist.
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. Endoscopy. Significance of this study
Endoscopy ORIGINAL ARTICLE Long-term adenoma recurrence following wide-field endoscopic mucosal resection (WF-EMR) for advanced colonic mucosal neoplasia is infrequent: results and risk factors in 1000
More informationPost-DDW OAG Course - Therapeutic Endoscopy
Post-DDW OAG Course - Therapeutic Endoscopy June 13, 2015 Jeffrey Mosko Division of Gastroenterology St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto moskoj@smh.ca Program Name: Post-DDW OAG course CanMEDS
More informationE L E C T R O S U R G E R G Y / W A T E R J E T S U R G E R Y. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissec tion
E L E C T R O S U R G E R G Y / W A T E R J E T S U R G E R Y E S D W o r k s t a t i o n w i t h H y b r i d K n i f e Endoscopic Submucosal Dissec tion fast, safe and easy with the HybridKnife. introduc
More informationHAVING AN ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION (EMR)
HAVING AN ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION (EMR) Information Leaflet Your Health. Our Priority. Page 2 of 6 Having an EMR Previous tests have shown that you have a polyp in your large bowel (colon). Your doctor
More informationPatient information on endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (Endoscopic removal of polyps) Your questions answered
Patient information on endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (Endoscopic removal of polyps) Your questions answered Page 1 of 7 Contents What is a colonic polyp Page 3 What is an endoscopic mucosal resection
More informationDesigned by Endoscopists, Refined by Nurses & Techs An Intuitive Endoscopic Electrosurgical Platform
Designed by Endoscopists, Refined by Nurses & Techs An Intuitive Endoscopic Electrosurgical Platform Energizing Therapeutic Endoscopy For Over 20 Years From the 1988 introduction of Argon and through a
More informationCase Presentation: Diminutive polyps. Siwan Thomas-Gibson St. Marks Hospital London UK
Case Presentation: Diminutive polyps Siwan Thomas-Gibson St. Marks Hospital London UK Case History 65 year old gentleman Bowel cancer screening FOBT positive No bowel symptoms No family history Smoker
More informationLOWER GI ENDOSCOPIES So why is CMS yanking our chain? General Concepts for all GI Endoscopy Procedures
LOWER GI ENDOSCOPIES We have lots of changes to lower GI coding for 2015 to talk about. Code definitions have been revised and many new codes have been added to this chapter. First the good news: All these
More informationFlexible sigmoidoscopy the procedure explained Please bring this booklet with you
Flexible sigmoidoscopy the procedure explained Please bring this booklet with you Exceptional healthcare, personally delivered Introduction You have been advised by your GP or hospital doctor to have an
More informationEndoscopic Therapy for Early Esophageal Cancer: EMR and ESD
Endoscopic Therapy for Early Esophageal Cancer: EMR and ESD AATS Toronto April 26, 2014 Lorenzo Ferri MD PhD David S. Mulder Chair in Surgery Associate Professor of Surgery and Oncology Disclosures Olympus
More informationFormat for ANSWERING REVIEWERS
Format for ANSWERING REVIEWERS July 15, 2015 Dear Editor, Please find enclosed the edited manuscript in Word format (file name: 19935-revised manuscript). Title: Management and associated factors of delayed
More informationClinicopathologic features and endoscopic treatment of superficially spreading colorectal neoplasms larger than 20 mm
Clinicopathologic features and endoscopic treatment of superficially spreading colorectal neoplasms larger than 20 mm Shinji Tanaka, MD, Ken Haruma, MD, Shiro Oka, MD, Ryoji Takahashi, MD, Masaki Kunihiro,
More informationEndoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer
Gut 2001;48:225 229 225 Endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer H Ono, H Kondo, T Gotoda, K Shirao, H Yamaguchi, D Saito, K Hosokawa, T Shimoda, S Yoshida Department of Endoscopy
More informationSuccess rate of curative endoscopic mucosal resection with circumferential mucosal incision assisted by submucosal injection of sodium hyaluronate
Success rate of curative endoscopic mucosal resection with circumferential mucosal incision assisted by submucosal injection of sodium hyaluronate Hironori Yamamoto, MD, Hiroshi Kawata, MD, Keijiro Sunada,
More informationHaving an Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
Having an Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) Patient Information Author ID: N Prasad Leaflet Number: End 011 Name of Leaflet: Having an Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) Date Produced: March 2014 Review
More informationBridging Techniques. What s between EMR and Traditional Surgery? Elisabeth C. McLemore, MD, FACS, FASCRS
Bridging Techniques What s between EMR and Traditional Surgery? Elisabeth C. McLemore, MD, FACS, FASCRS Associate Professor of Surgery Assistant Program Director, General Surgery Residency Disclosures
More informationHOW I DO IT Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the esophagus
HOW I DO IT (EMR) in the esophagus AUTHORSHIP How I do it: Horst Neuhaus, MD Department of Internal Medicine Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf Germany Comment Hiroyasu Makuuchi, MD Professor and Chairman
More informationColonoscopy Data Collection Form
Identifier: Sociodemographic Information Type: Zip Code: Gender: Height: (inches) Race: Ethnicity Inpatient Outpatient Male Female Birth Date: Weight: (pounds) American Indian (Native American) or Alaska
More informationLaparoscopic Surgery of the Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine) A Simple Guide to Help Answer Your Questions
Laparoscopic Surgery of the Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine) A Simple Guide to Help Answer Your Questions What are the Colon and Rectum? The colon and rectum together make up the large intestine. After
More informationApproach to Cut Up Large Intestine. Prof Geraint Williams Wales College of Medicine Cardiff University
Approach to Cut Up Large Intestine Prof Geraint Williams Wales College of Medicine Cardiff University Inflammatory Conditions Neoplasia Resection Specimens Polyps and Local Resections Before You Start
More informationEvolution of Barrett s esophagus
Endoscopic Treatment and Surveillance of Esophageal Cancer: GI Perspective Charles J. Lightdale, MD Columbia University New York, NY Evolution of Barrett s esophagus Squamous esophagus Chronic inflammation
More informationThe prognosis of gastrointestinal malignancies is strictly dependent on early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions
The prognosis of gastrointestinal malignancies is strictly dependent on early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions Early cancers in adenomatous lesions can be removed endoscopically (e.g. polypectomy,
More information2016 Quick Reference Coding Chart
43197 Trans nasal esophagoscopy 43198 Biospy Trans Nasal Esophagoscopy Esophagoscopy 43200 Esophagoscopy Includes collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed. 43201 Submucosal injection
More informationFAQ About Prostate Cancer Treatment and SpaceOAR System
FAQ About Prostate Cancer Treatment and SpaceOAR System P. 4 Prostate Cancer Background SpaceOAR Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. What is prostate cancer? The vast majority of prostate cancers develop
More informationEndoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) Endosocopy Central Operations This leaflet has been designed to give you important information about your condition/procedure, and to answer some common queries that
More informationContents. Updated July 2011
- Updated July 2011 Guideline Authors: Todd S. Crocenzi, M.D.; Mark Whiteford, M.D.; Matthew Solhjem, M.D.; Carlo Bifulco, M.D.; Melissa Li, M.D.; Christopher Cai, M.D.; and James Durham, M.D. Contents
More informationPlacement of an indwelling urinary catheter in female dogs
Female Dog Urinary Catheterization 1 of 6 Placement of an indwelling urinary catheter in female dogs Bernie Hansen DVM MS North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Materials Needed
More informationHow to treat early gastric cancer. Surgery
How to treat early gastric cancer Surgery Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen Department of Surgery, AMC, Amsterdam Director upper GI surgical unit Academic Medical Center Upper GI surgery at AMC 100 oesophagectomies
More informationPROPERTY OF ELSEVIER SAMPLE CONTENT - NOT FINAL
Oncoplastic breast conservation surgery Melvin J Silverstein C H A P T E R 5 Introduction Oncoplastic breast conservation surgery combines oncologic principles with plastic surgical techniques. But it
More informationMagnetic Anchor for More Effective Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2004;34(3)118 123 Magnetic Anchor for More Effective Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Toshiaki Kobayashi 1, Takushi Gotohda 1, Katsunori Tamakawa 2, Hirohisa Ueda 3 and Tadao Kakizoe 1 1 National
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE: Clinical Endoscopy
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Clinical Endoscopy Large refractory colonic polyps: is it time to change our practice? A prospective study of the clinical and economic impact of a tertiary referral colonic mucosal resection
More informationHyung Hun Kim, 1 Gwang Ha Kim, 2 Ji Hyun Kim, 3 Myung-Gyu Choi, 1 Geun Am Song, 2 and Sung Eun Kim 4. 1. Introduction
Gastroenterology Research and Practice, Article ID 253860, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253860 Clinical Study The Efficacy of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Type I Gastric Carcinoid Tumors
More informationEarn 20 ABIM MOC Points! Perform with Confidence Expand your Practice. Lower GI EMR: June 27-28, 2015 Upper GI EMR: August 22-23, 2015
Skills Training Assessment Reinforcement ASGE Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Earn 20 ABIM MOC Points! Perform with Confidence Expand your Practice ASGE An Assessment-Based Curriculum Lower GI : June 27-28,
More informationKeeping Current on Emerging Trends in Interventional GI Endoscopy and Electrosurgical Safety. Kristie Briggs, RN, BSN December 19, 2013
Keeping Current on Emerging Trends in Interventional GI Endoscopy and Electrosurgical Safety Kristie Briggs, RN, BSN December 19, 2013 Objectives Describe the evolution of Endoscopic Resection. Define
More informationPOEM Procedure for. Esophageal Achalasia
POEM Procedure for Esophageal Achalasia POEM (Per-Oral endoscopic myotomy) is an incisionless procedure to treat esophageal achalasia, totally performed by endoscopy, without cutting the surface of the
More informationInternational Journal of Cancer Studies & Research (IJCR) ISSN: 2167-9118
International Journal of Cancer Studies & Research (IJCR) ISSN: 2167-9118 Endoscopic Mucosal Resection after Circumferential Mucosal Incision of Large Colorectal Tumors: Comparison With Endoscopic Submucosal
More informationCenter for Endoscopic Research & Therapeutics
Center for Endoscopic Research & Therapeutics 5758 South Maryland Avenue (MC9028) Chicago, Illinois 60637 (773) 702-1459 www.uchospitals.edu Center for Endoscopic Research & Therapeutics To refer a patient
More informationCancer of the Cardia/GE Junction: Surgical Options
Cancer of the Cardia/GE Junction: Surgical Options Michael A Smith, MD Associate Chief Thoracic Surgery Center for Thoracic Disease St Joseph s Hospital and Medical Center Phoenix, AZ Michael Smith, MD
More informationPENTAX Medical i10 Series HD+ Endoscopes Ergonomic Design, Superior Function, Quality Care
PENTAX Medical i10 Series Endoscopes Ergonomic Design, Superior Function, Quality Care PENTAX Medical i10 Series Endoscopes Raising the Standards of Clinical Acceptance Engineered and designed in partnership
More informationEarly Colonoscopy in Patients with Acute Diverticulitis Simon Bar-Meir, M.D.
Early Colonoscopy in Patients with Acute Diverticulitis Simon Bar-Meir, M.D. Professor of Medicine Germanis Kaufman Chair of Gastroenterology Director, Dept. of Gastroenterology Chaim Sheba Medical Center,
More informationENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF EARLY ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC CANCER - INITIAL EXPERIENCE OF A WESTERN CENTER
CLINICS 2010;65(4):377-82 CLINICAL SCIENCE ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF EARLY ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC CANCER - INITIAL EXPERIENCE OF A WESTERN CENTER Dalton Marques Chaves, I Fauze
More informationUndergoing an Oesophageal Endoscopic Resection (ER)
Contact Information If you have an enquiry about your appointment time/date please contact the Booking Office on 0300 422 6350. For medication enquiries please call 0300 422 8232, this is an answer machine
More informationDeflectable & Steerable Catheter Handbook
Deflectable & Steerable Catheter Handbook Terminology Guide & Design Options www.cregannatactx.com California Minnesota Ohio Ireland Singapore Terminology Steering v s Deflection Steerability This refers
More informationAnal Surgery. Colon and Rectal Surgery. Surgery of the Anus. Hemorrhoids Fistula Fissure Abscess
Anal Surgery and Colon and Rectal Surgery Elizabeth J. McConnell MD FACS FASCRS Surgery of the Anus Hemorrhoids Fistula Fissure Abscess 1 Hemorrhoid Internal or External 1-3 columns Internal Band or Suture
More informationGUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LUNG CANCER
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LUNG CANCER BY Ali Shamseddine, MD (Coordinator); as04@aub.edu.lb Fady Geara, MD Bassem Shabb, MD Ghassan Jamaleddine, MD CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENT
More informationNIH Clinical Center Patient Education Materials Giving a subcutaneous injection
NIH Clinical Center Patient Education Materials What is a subcutaenous injection? A subcutaneous injection is given in the fatty layer of tissue just under the skin. A subcutaneous injection into the fatty
More informationCombination Therapy After EMR/ESD for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Submucosal Invasion
Combination Therapy After EMR/ESD for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Submucosal Invasion 8 Ota M., Nakamura T. and Yamamoto M. Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's
More information2015 CPT coding changes will have mixed effects on payment for general surgeons
CPT coding changes will have mixed effects on payment for general surgeons 17 by Linda Barney, MD, FACS, and Mark T. Savarise, MD, FACS JAN BULLETIN American College of Surgeons 18 Significant changes
More informationRESEARCH EDUCATE ADVOCATE. Just Diagnosed with Melanoma Now What?
RESEARCH EDUCATE ADVOCATE Just Diagnosed with Melanoma Now What? INTRODUCTION If you are reading this, you have undergone a biopsy (either of a skin lesion or a lymph node) or have had other tests in which
More informationColocutaneous Fistula. Disclosures
Colocutaneous Fistula Madhulika G. Varma MD Associate Professor Chief, Colorectal Surgery University of California, San Francisco Honoraria Applied Medical Covidien Disclosures 1 Colocutaneous Fistula
More informationInferior Vena Cava filter and removal
Inferior Vena Cava filter and removal What is Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement and Removal? An inferior vena cava filter placement procedure involves an interventional radiologist (a specialist doctor)
More informationAnatomic Percutaneous Ankle Reconstruction of Lateral Ligaments (A Percutaneous Anti ROLL)
Anatomic Percutaneous Ankle Reconstruction of Lateral Ligaments (A Percutaneous Anti ROLL) Mark Glazebrook James Stone Masato Takao Stephane Guillo Introduction Ankle stabilization is required when a patient
More informationPeritoneal Carcinosis
Peritoneal Carcinosis What is it and how to cure it Peritoneum Peritoneum is a thin and transparent membrane that covers the internal part of the abdominal and pelvic cavity and all the viscera contained
More informationMedicare C/D Medical Coverage Policy
Varicose Vein Treatment Medicare C/D Medical Coverage Policy Origination Date: June 1, 1993 Review Date: September 16, 2015 Next Review: September, 2017 DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE OR SERVICE Varicose veins
More informationRotation Specific Goals & Objectives: University Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital/ Sunnybrook Breast/Melanoma
Rotation Specific Goals & Objectives: University Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital/ Sunnybrook Breast/Melanoma Medical Expert: Breast Rotation Specific Competencies/Objectives 1.0 Medical History
More informationUlcerative colitis patients with low grade dysplasia should undergo frequent surveillance colonoscopies
Ulcerative colitis patients with low grade dysplasia should undergo frequent surveillance colonoscopies David T. Rubin, MD, FACG, AGAF Associate Professor of Medicine Co-Director, Inflammatory Bowel Disease
More informationHF Electrosurgery Unit AUTOCON II 80 UNITS 7-2 07/2014-E
HF Electrosurgery Unit AUTOCON II 80 UNITS 7-2 07/2014-E HF Electrosurgery Unit AUTOCON II 80 The AUTOCON II 80 is a compact and high-performance HF electrosurgical unit which features a very attractive
More informationIntegumentary System Individual Exercises
Integumentary System Individual Exercises 1. A physician performs an incision and drainage of a subcutaneous abscess in his office for a particularly uncooperative established patient. How should this
More informationOpen and Endoscopic Forehead Lift. Plastic Surgery. For All Brow and Forehead Lift Procedures. Revolutionizing. Soft-Tissue Fixation
Plastic Surgery Open and Endoscopic Forehead Lift For All Brow and Forehead Lift Procedures Revolutionizing Soft-Tissue Fixation DESIGNED FOR SIMPLICITY AND PREDICTABILITY The versatile design can be applied
More informationZimmer DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft
Zimmer DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft Surgical Technique Biologic treatment for early intervention and cartilage repair. Overview DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft (Fig. 1) is an off-the-shelf human tissue,
More informationA PATIENT S GUIDE TO ABLATION THERAPY
A PATIENT S GUIDE TO ABLATION THERAPY THE DIVISION OF VASCULAR/INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY THE ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL Treatment options for patients with cancer continue to expand, providing
More informationE l e c t r o s u r g e r y. User brochure for gastroenterology
E l e c t r o s u r g e r y U s e a n d P r a c t i c a l T i p s User brochure for gastroenterology contents Introduction 03 Endoscopic applications of electrosurgery Thermal effects 05 Cutting Coagulation
More informationThe Lower Free End Saddle (distal extension saddle)
Giles Perryer 1997 I The Lower Free End Saddle (distal extension saddle) Free end saddle dentures move Excessive movement of the denture can cause pain, tissue damage, and complaints of instability and
More informationMinimally Invasive Hip Replacement through the Direct Lateral Approach
Surgical Technique INNOVATIONS IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE JOINT SURGERY Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement through the Direct Lateral Approach *smith&nephew Introduction Prosthetic replacement of the hip joint
More informationSmith & Nephew DYONICS RF Radiofrequency System
I-1 Smith & Nephew DYONICS RF Radiofrequency System Smith & Nephew is proud to present a variety of RF options to meet the specialized needs of today s arthroscopist. The DYONICS RF Radiofrequency System
More informationFlushing and Dressing a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line): a Guide for Nurses
Flushing and Dressing a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line): a Guide for Nurses Information for Nurses Introduction This information is for community nursing staffs who have been asked to
More informationCorporate Medical Policy
Corporate Medical Policy File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: microwave_tumor_ablation 12/2011 11/2015 11/2016 11/2015 Description of Procedure or Service Microwave ablation
More informationEndoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment for Colorectal Cancer
17 Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Hiroyuki Kato, Teruhiko Sakamoto, Hiroko Otsuka, Rieko Yamada and Kiyo Watanabe Tokyo Women s Medical University, Medical Center East, Department
More informationAchilles Tendon Repair, Operative Technique
*smith&nephew ANKLE TECHNIQUE GUIDE Achilles Tendon Repair, Operative Technique Prepared in Consultation with: C. Niek van Dijk, MD, PhD KNEE HIP SHOULDER EXTREMITIES Achilles Tendon Repair, Operative
More informationCPT COD1NG UPDATES Gastroenterology CPT Advisors
2014 CPT COD1NG UPDATES Gastroenterology CPT Advisors Joel V. Brill, MD, AGA CPT Advisor Daniel C. DeMarco, MD, ACG CPT Advisor Glenn D. Littenberg, MD, ASGE CPT Advisor The American College of Gastroenterology
More informationEVIDENCE BASED TREATMENT OF CROHN S DISEASE. Dr E Ndabaneze
EVIDENCE BASED TREATMENT OF CROHN S DISEASE Dr E Ndabaneze PLAN 1. Case presentation 2. Topic on Evidence based Treatment of Crohn s disease - Introduction pathology aetiology - Treatment - concept of
More informationPSA Screening for Prostate Cancer Information for Care Providers
All men should know they are having a PSA test and be informed of the implications prior to testing. This booklet was created to help primary care providers offer men information about the risks and benefits
More informationEndoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) Gastroenterology Unit Patient Information Leaflet
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) Gastroenterology Unit Patient Information Leaflet Introduction This information has been produced to provide you with details about a procedure called endoscopic mucosal
More informationLaparoscopic Colectomy. What do I need to know about my laparoscopic colorectal surgery?
Laparoscopic Colectomy What do I need to know about my laparoscopic colorectal surgery? Traditionally, colon & rectal surgery requires a large, abdominal and/or pelvic incision, which often requires a
More informationThe digestive system. Medicine and technology. Normal structure and function Diagnostic methods Example diseases and therapies
The digestive system Medicine and technology Normal structure and function Diagnostic methods Example diseases and therapies The digestive system An overview (1) Oesophagus Liver (hepar) Biliary system
More informationWHAT S WRONG WITH MY GALL BLADDER? GALL BLADDER POLYPS
WHAT S WRONG WITH MY GALL BLADDER? GALL BLADDER POLYPS This is a patient information booklet providing specific practical information about gall bladder polyps in brief. Its aim is to provide the patient
More informationSimple Urinary Techniques to Diagnose and Treat Complex Urinary Conditions
Simple Urinary Techniques to Diagnose and Treat Complex Urinary Conditions Jody P. Lulich, DVM,PhD, The Minnesota Urolith Center, St Paul MN 55108 USA NONSURGICAL STONE REMOVAL: VOIDING UROHYDROPROPULSION
More informationMinimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Chapter 1 Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery 1 H.M. Mayer Primum non nocere First do no harm In the long history of surgery it always has been a basic principle to restrict the iatrogenic trauma done to
More informationSAMSUNG ULTRASOUND RS80A
Samsung Medison is a global leading medical device company. Founded in 1985, the company sells cutting-edge diagnostic ultrasound devices around the world in various medical fields. The company has attracted
More information