EXQ: A Multiple-Item Scale for Assessing Customer Experience In The Emerging Experience Marketing Model
|
|
- Silvester Tucker
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 EXQ: A Multiple-Item Scale for Assessing Customer Experience In The Emerging Experience Marketing Model The well-documented management shift from goods-centered to service-dominant logic (Brodie et al., 2006; Lusch and Vargo, 2006) identifies the differences between marketing services and goods, the latter the traditional domain of marketing scholarship (Shah et al., 2006). This shift exposes the need for companies to deliver high levels of service quality in order to achieve important marketing outcomes: the most important outcomes of service quality identified in the literature are customer satisfaction, loyalty and positive wordof-mouth (Anderson, et al., 1994; Verhoef et al., 2002; Dagger et al., 2007; Kamakura et al., 2002). In order to manage service quality, firms need to measure it and understand its connection with those important customer outcomes. Assessing the quality of service and its impact on customer behaviour has to be measured in an objective way (Parasuraman et al., 1988). SERVQUAL, a multiple-item scale introduced by Parasuraman et al. is the most researched and applied measure of service quality (Buttle, 1996; Morrison Coulthard, 2004). As services account for an increasing proportion of gross domestic product in developed economies, it has been argued that goods are becoming commoditized and that differentiation is increasingly obtained through service (Reinartz and Ulaga, 2008), although the evidence on this point is mixed (Neely, 2008). A parallel argument particularly prevalent in practitioner literature (Meyer and Schwager, 2007; Schmitt, 1999; Shaw, 2002) states that service, too, is increasingly commoditized, and that the contemporary consumer demands more than just competent service, seeking experiences which are engaging, robust, compelling and memorable (Gilmore and Pine 2002, p. 10). This argument, too, is largely conjectural, but increasing academic attention is being paid to whether and how the customer experience might go beyond service.one line of work is identifying experiential factors as a key ingredient in a new construct of service quality, therefore proposing the inclusion of emotional factors in the construct of service experience (Edvardsson et al., 2007; Seiders et al., 2005; Lee and Lin, 2005). Edvardsson et al. (2007) conclude that current service quality research focuses mainly on cognitive dimensions and quality factors linked to service episodes and critical incidents. Literature argues that there is a need to discuss the service experience through the lens of the customer (Edvardsson et al., 2005) and go beyond a purely cognitive assessment (Edvardsson, 2005). Schembri (2006) posits that customer experience is the key determinant of service quality evaluation and Berry et al. state that By definition, a good customer experience is good customer service, thus the customer experience is the service (2006, p.1). Another research stream highlights the difference between service quality and service experience by challenging Zeithaml s (1988) definition of service quality as a global assessment. Voss et al. (2008) believe that service quality is focusing largely on transaction specific assessment rather than the notion of the customer journey, described as the customer s sequence of touchpoints with the firm in buying and obtaining service, a prevalent one in service design (Berry et al., 2002; Voss et al., 2008). Other scholars draw on this work and propose an even further differentiation between service quality and service experience. For example, Payne et al. (2008) create awareness of the fact that the service experience includes communication, usage, as well as the service encounters. Consequently, if it is suggested that customers assess their service experience holistically (Verhoef et al., 2009), corresponding holistic frameworks have been proposed (Grewal et al., 2009; Payne et al., 2008; Verhoef et al., 2009), leading to calls for empirical examinations of the service experience (Verhoef et al., 2009, Voss et al., 2008). The notion of service experience, and its impact on business, is only now receiving great attention (Prahalad and Ramaswamy, 2004; Johnston and Clark, 2008). Creating superior customer experiences is now seen as a key objective for service organizations (Verhoef et al., 2009) in their efforts to build customer
2 2 loyalty (Badgett, Boyce and Kleinberger, 2007). A corresponding scale needs to be developed to evaluate the service experience from the customer s point of view (Verhoef et al., 2009). To develop the new measure, it is recognized that scale [development] must go hand-in-hand with conceptual development of the construct [service experience] itself (Brakus et al., 2009, p. 52). Therefore the measure should be based on a broader and more comprehensive conceptualization (Verhoef et al., 2009) that links the service experience to purchasing behaviour. This conceptual model of service experience aims to refine existing conceptual models for customer experience which have been proposed both in conceptual studies (Verhoef et al., 2009) and in studies which elicit the supplier s perception rather than the customer s (Payne et al., 2008; Voss et al., 2008). We recapitulate that service experience is an evolving concept. The emerging service experience construct is far broader than the limited functional service encounter suggested by current measures. It includes pre and post service encounter experiences, addresses emotional as well as functional dimensions of quality and includes the customer s social context. It includes an assessment of value-in-use, is formed over multiple channels and varies with context (Lemke et al., 2010). Building on this and the previously cited definitions, and the context of our research, we define service experience as the customer s cognitive and affective assessment of all direct and indirect encounters with the firm relating to their behavioural loyalty as defined by Oliver (1997). This article describes the development and validation of a multiple-item scale for service experience (EXQ) and provides (a) a sought after conceptualization that captures the domains of the construct, (b) a measure from the customers point of view, (c) a validation of the psychometric properties of the scale and (d) it demonstrates the effects of our empirically derived conceptualization with respect to important customer outcomes: satisfaction, loyalty and word-of-mouth. Drawing from the literature, we conduct a qualitative study that generates attributes of service experience. The proceeding section describes the purification and validation of a scale and its psychometric properties. The article then validates the scale to generate an empirically founded definition of service experience (EXQ). The penultimate section explores the nature and degree of EXQ s impact on customers satisfaction, loyalty and word-of-mouth. The final section discusses the findings of the study and its managerial implications Definition and Domain of EXQ To incorporate the wide range of possible assessment of service experience criteria arising from the literature, we use a framework based on the means-end-chain approach (Parasuraman et al., 2005). Our study presents a validated multi-item scale based on the underlying construct of service experience that extends previous research on service experience and service quality measures. The measure is called the service experience scale: EXQ. The research determines its dimensions by analysing that which customers describe as the triggers of their purchasing and re-purchasing behaviour. The methodology follows Churchill s (1979) scale development paradigm. As suggested by the literature, and other scale-developing studies (Walsh and Beatty, 2007), the scale will be developed in four stages: scale generation, initial purification, refinement and validation (for a more detailed description of the procedure see Appendix A). Stage 1 articulates the meaning and domain of service experience based on insights from the literature and a comprehensive qualitative study. It results in a preliminary scale containing 37 items that represent five dimensions. Stage 2 describes the administration of the scale to a representative sample of repeat mortgage purchasers of a UK bank from 175 completed questionnaires. Using exploratory factor analysis, the scale is purified to 19 items
3 3 that represent four service experience dimensions. In Stage 3 we conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the purified scale based on 218 collected questionnaires from a representative sample, which confirms the scale s reliability and validity. Stage 4 introduces the final scale and the conceptual framework of service experience. The study assesses the relative importance of the service experience in influencing consumers overall satisfaction perceptions, loyalty and word-of-mouth intentions. Scale Development and Findings Stage 1: The Qualitative Study Stage 1 explores the perceptual attributes of experience through in-depth interviews using soft laddering (Grunert & Grunert 1995), a technique where respondents are restricted as little as possible in their natural flow of speech. This is an accepted method for assessing consumers cognitive structures and underlying purchasing (Reynolds & Gutman 1988). We achieved data saturation (Glaser & Strauss 1967) after conducting individual in-depth interviews with 30 mortgage customers from the UK over a four week period: each interview lasted between 30 to 60 minutes. We used a random sample of the Bank s customers who had purchased one or more mortgages in the previous six months, split between first time buyers and repeat buyers. The interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed following a grounded approach (Strauss & Corbin 1998); 58 customer experience items were generated. To maximize the content and face validity of the items generated, a panel of expert judges reviewed the retained item pool (Dagger et al. 2007) and performed three tasks: (1) assessed the similarity of items, the clarity of phrasing and the terminology used in the scale, (2) rated each item with respect to its relevance to the item description and (3) suggested dimensions and sub-dimensions that evolved from the research model and items. Five dimensions representing 37 items resulted from this stage. Stage 2: Scale Purification through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) The scale was purified through EFA. Data were collected through a random sample of the Bank s customers who had purchased more than one mortgage from the bank and the most recent mortgage within the previous six months. The samples are analogous (see Appendix B). Exploratory factor analysis summarises the data into a minimum number of factors for prediction purposes. The resulting purified scale comprises four primary dimensions with 19 corresponding items, which, in conjunction with the expert panel, were labelled as follows to make the acronym POMP (see Appendix C): 1. Product experience Customers perception of having choices and the ability to compare offers. Choice dynamics are established as a critical factor in modeling consumer behaviour (McAlister and Srivastava 1991) and as an antecedent of loyalty (Srinivasan et al. 1998). 2. Outcome focus - is associated with reducing customers transaction costs, such as seeking out and qualifying new providers. This dimension reflects the importance of goal-oriented experiences in consumer behaviour (Huffman and Houston 1993), suggested by statements such as: We just wanted to get the mortgage as soon as possible. 3. Moments-of-truth This dimension is characterised by that which is commonly knows as moments-of-truth, emphasising the importance of service recovery (Tax & Brown 1998) and flexibility (Liljander & Strandvik 1997) when faced with unforeseen complications. 4. Peace-of-mind This dimension includes statements associated strongly with the emotional aspects of service and is based upon the perceived expertise of the service provider and the guidance provided throughout the process (Bendapudi & Berry 1997).
4 4 The findings indicate that service experience is a holistic construct (Verhoef et al., 2009), including determinants such as social interactions (Bagozzi, 2000), price (Baker et al., 2002), brand (Brodie et al., 2006) and channels. The validity of the findings is scrutinized in the subsequent quantitative data analysis (as outlined in Appendix A). Stage 3 & Stage 4: Reliability and Validity Assessment through Confirmatory Factor Analysis To perform the analysis, further data were collected: 218 qualified responses from a random sample of Bank customers. Scales from existing scale development studies were examined to determine the best choice for measuring the exogenous variables: customer satisfaction, loyalty and word-of-mouth intentions. The outcome is a scale measure of customer experience (EXQ) illustrated in Figure 1. A full definition of each of the attributes identified in the left hand side boxes is provided in Appendix C and Appendix D. Figure 1 Conceptual Model Customer Experience Quality EXQ The scale developed is a valid and reliable in explaining the relationship between customer experience and the selected outcomes (see Appendix E). The squared multiple correlations are as follows: for loyalty it is 86%, for customer satisfaction it is 63% and for positive word-of-mouth intention it is 94%. We compare the explanatory power of EXQ with customer satisfaction and our findings (Table 1) demonstrate stronger relationships between service experience and loyalty, as defined in this study, than between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Compared with the relationship between customer satisfaction and word-ofmouth, we also establish a more direct link between service experience and word-of-mouth. Therefore, whilst there is a body of literature offering customer satisfaction as a mediator between service quality and loyalty and word-of-mouth (Seiders et al. 2005), service experience could be an even better predictor of loyalty and word-of-mouth. Customer Satisfaction Loyalty Word-of-Mouth Experience Quality Customer Satisfaction Table 1 Explanatory Power of EXQ versus Customer Satisfaction
5 5 Our study discovers that the four POMP dimensions of customer experience explain most of the Bank s loyalty, word-of-mouth and customer satisfaction. The findings indicate that customers evaluate the customer experience at an overall level, a dimensional level and at attribute level and that each level drives perception on the level above. Discussion The findings suggest that customers base their perceptions of service experience on four dimensions: product experience, outcome focus, moments-of-truth and peace-of-mind (POMP). The findings improve our understanding of how customers evaluate their service experience by linking their evaluation to important marketing outcomes, namely customer satisfaction, loyalty and word-of-mouth intentions. EXQ, and its empirically derived construct of service experience, offer a stimulus and foundation to advance service marketing, particularly service quality and service experience research, by delivering a measure capable of capturing all facets of the construct of the service experience (Verhoef et al., 2009). Moreover, this scale measures the impact of the distinctive drivers of the service experience on each of the components of the service experience (Verhoef et al., 2009). The findings support previous conceptual papers that suggest the service experience is broadly based (Shembri, 2006; Berry et al., 2006), yet not as broad as suggested by some (Verhoef et al., 2009; Gentile et al., 2007; Meyer and Schwager, 2007). The implication of our findings is that scholars risk overcompensating for service quality s limitations by defining service experience too widely. The assessment of the overall service experience, as measured by the scale EXQ, reflects the evaluation of customers who recently repurchased a mortgage with a financial service provider in correlation to important outcome variables. The strong association between service experience quality and behavioural intentions is noteworthy because satisfaction is generally viewed as more closely aligned with behavioural intentions (Cronin and Taylor, 1992). Traditionally, customer satisfaction is modeled as a mediator between service quality and behavioural intention (Cronin and Taylor, 1992). Research points out that service quality also has a mediating role between service attributes and behavioural intentions, stating that its attributes are more strongly related to the overall service quality than to behavioural intentions (Dagger et al., 2007). Our findings demonstrate significantly stronger relationships between service experience and loyalty, as defined in this study, than between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Compared with the relationship between customer satisfaction and word-of-mouth, we also established a more direct link between service experience and wordof-mouth. Therefore, while there is a body of literature offering customer satisfaction as a mediator between service quality and loyalty and word-of-mouth (Seiders et al., 2005), our research advocates that service experience could be an even better predictor of loyalty and word-of-mouth. Managerial Implications EXQ provides a measure to help managers benchmark and track performance over time. More importantly, it illustrates a detailed structure whereby managers can determine which attributes of the customers service experience are most strongly associated with the marketing outcomes organizations are trying to achieve. This is a positive contribution to making Marketing more accountable as managers can relate investments in service experience more directly with the outcomes closest to income such as loyalty and word-ofmouth. Therefore managers should consider service experience as an important strategic objective.
6 6 Appendices Appendix A: Scale Development Process to Measure Customer Experience Quality
7 7 Appendix B: Profile of the Two Samples Variable Exploratory Study Confirmatory Study Age in Years Percentage Percentage NA ª 3.80 Sex Male Female Level of Education High School or less Some College College Graduate Graduate School
8 8 Appendix C: Dimensions Customer Experience Quality (EXQ) Dimensions Service Experience EXQ (POMP) PRODUCT OUTCOME FOCUS MOMENTS-OF- PEACE-OF-MIND EXPERIENCE (OUT) TRUTH (MOM) (PEA) (PRO) PRO1 Freedom of OUT1 Inertia MOM1 Flexibility PEA1 Expertise Choice Peace of Mind PRO2 Comparison OUT2 Result Focus MOM2 Pro-activity PEA2 Process Ease Necessity PRO3 Cross- OUT3 Past MOM3 Risk PEA3 Relationship product Experience Perception versus Transaction Comparison Influence OUT4 Common MOM4 PEA4 Convenience PRO4 Account Grounding Interpersonal Skills Retention Management MOM5 Service PEA5 Familiarity Recovery PEA6 Independent Advice
9 9 Appendix D: Measures of Study Constructs EXQ Respondents rated their customer experience on each scale item using a 7-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree) with a Do not know/not applicable option as additional option next to the scale. The items below are grouped by dimensions for expositional convenience; they appeared in random order on the survey. The symbols preceding the items correspond to the variables named in Figure 3. Peace of mind PEA1 I am confident in their expertise; they know what they are doing. PEA2 The whole process was so easy, they took care of everything. PEA3 It is not just about the now; this company will look after me for a long time. PEA4 I am already a customer; they know me and take good care of me, so why should I go somewhere else? PEA5 I have dealt with them before so getting a mortgage was really easy. PEA6 I choose them because they give independent advice. Moments-of-Truth MOM1 It was important that the company was flexible in dealing with me and looking out for my needs. MOM2 It is important that they keep me up-to-date and inform me about new options. MOM3 I want to deal with a safe company, because a mortgage is a lot of money. MOM4 It is important that the people I am dealing with are good people; they listen, are polite and make me feel comfortable. MOM5 The way they deal(t) with me when things go(went) wrong will decide if I stay with them. Outcome Focus OUT1 Yes, there are other companies, but I would rather stay with mine; it makes the process much easier. OUT2 It was more important to get the mortgage than to shop around for a better rate. OUT3 I stay with my company because I am not confident about using an alternative provider. OUT4 It was important that the advisor had a mortgage too; he/she knew what I was going through.
10 10 Product Experience PRO1 I want to choose between different options to make certain I get the best offer. PRO2 It is important to me to receive mortgage offers from different companies. PRO3 Unless I can compare different options, I will not know which one is the best for me. PRO4 It would be great if I could deal with one designated contact through the entire process of getting my mortgage. Customer Satisfaction The satisfaction measures consisted of three rating items; respondents indicated their satisfaction on each scale item using a 7-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree) with a Do not know/not applicable option next to the scale. SAT1 I am satisfied with the service my mortgage service provider provides to me. SAT2 I am satisfied with my overall experience with my mortgage service provider. SAT3 As a whole, I am not satisfied with my mortgage service provider (reversed score item). Loyalty The loyalty measures consisted of three items using a 7-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree) with a Do not know/not applicable option at the center of the scale. LOY1 I am a loyal customer of my mortgage service provider. LOY2 I have developed a good relationship with my mortgage service provider. LOY3 I am loyal to my mortgage service provider. Word-of-Mouth The word-of-mouth measures consisted of three items; respondents indicated their likelihood of engaging in each behaviour on each scale item using a 7-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree) with a Do not know/not applicable option next to the scale. WOM1 I am likely to say good things about my mortgage service provider. WOM2 I would recommend my mortgage service provider to my friends and relatives. WOM3 If my friends were looking for a new company of this type, I would tell them to try my mortgage service provider.
11 11 Appendix E: Measurement Reliability and Validity Analysis Measurement Model Construct Reliability Average Variance Extracted Satisfaction Loyalty Word-of-mouth EXQ dimensions Peace-of-mind Moments-of-truth Outcome focus Product experience ,79 Goodness-of-fit indices CMIN df CFI IFI RMSEA
12 12 Dimension Item Construct Reliability Score Composite Reliability Peace-of-Mind.69 Moments-of-Truth.71 Outcome Focus.61 Product Experience.66 Customer Satisfaction.70 Loyalty.90 Word-of-Mouth.95 PEA1.833 PEA2.678 PEA3.631 PEA4.422 PEA5.548 PEA6.558 MOM1.669 MOM2.652 MOM3.568 MOM4.522 MOM5.484 OUT1.477 OUT2.518 OUT3.695 OUT4.455 PRO1.744 PRO2.744 PRO3.841 PRO4.500 SAT1.970 SAT2.970 SAT (reversed score item) LOY1.910 LOY2.910 LOY3.930 WOM1.940 WOM2.970 WOM3.940 Standard Path Estimates 1 Customer Satisfaction Loyalty Word-of-mouth Peace-of-mind Moments-of-truth Outcome focus Product experience t values were significant on the base of one-tailed test
13 13 REFERENCES Abbott, L. (1955), Quality and Competition. New York: Columbia University Press. Ajzen, I. and M. Fishbein (1977), "Attitude-Behaviour Relations: a Theoretical Analysis and Review of Empirical Research," Psychological Bulletin, 84 (5), Anderson, J. and D. Gerbing (1988) Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: a Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach, Psychological Bulletin, 103 (3), Arnould, E. and L. Price (1993), River Magic: Extraordinary Experience and the Extended Service Encounter, Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (1), Badget, M., M. Moyce and H. Kleinberger (2007), Turning Shopper into Advocates. IBM Institute for Business Value. Bagozzi, R. and T. Heatherton (1994), "A General Approach to Representing Multifaceted Personality Constructs: Application to State Self-Esteem," Structural Equation Modeling, 1 (1), Bagozzi, R.and G. Foxall (1996), "Construct Validation of a Measure of Adaptive-Innovative Cognitive Styles in Consumption," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13 (3), Bagozzi, R. (2000), On the Concept of Intentional Social Action in Consumer Behaviour, Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (3), Baker, J., A. Parasuraman, D. Grewal and G. Voss (2002), The Influence of Multiple Store Environment Cues on Perceived Merchandise Value and Patronage Intentions, Journal of Marketing, 66 (2), Bendapudi, N. and L. Berry (1997), Customers motivations for maintaining relationships with service providers, Journal of Retailing, (73), Bendapudi, N. and R. Leone (2003), "Psychological Implications of Customer Participation on Co-production," Journal of Marketing, 67 (January), Berry, L., L. Carbone and S. Haeckel (2002), Managing the Total Customer Experience, MIT Sloan Management Review, 43 (3), 85. Berry, L., E. Wall and L. Carbone (2006), Service Clues and Customer Assessment of the Service Experience: Lessons from Marketing, Academy of Management Perspectives, 20 (2), Bitner, M., W. Faranda, A. Hubbert and V. Zeithaml (1997), "Customer Contribution and Roles in Service Delivery," International Journal of Service Industry Management, 8 (3), Botschen, G., E. Thelen and R. Pieters (1999), Using means-end structures for benefit segmentation: an application to services, European Journal of Marketing, 33 (1), Brady, M. and J. Cronin (2001), Some New Thoughts on Conceptualizing Perceived Service Quality: a Hierarchical Approach, Journal of Marketing, 65 (3),
14 14 Brakus, J., B. Schmitt and L. Zarantonello (2009), Brand Experience: What is it? How is it Measured? Does it Affect Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 73 (3), Brodie, R., M. Glynn and V. Little (2006), "The Service Brand and the Service-Dominant Logic: Missing Fundamental Premise or the Need for Stronger Theory?" Marketing Theory, 6 (3), 363. Brodie, R. (2009), From Goods to Service Branding: an Integrative Perspective, Marketing Theory, 9 (1), Buzzell R. and Gale B., (1987), The PIMS Principles: Linking Strategy to Performance, Free Press, NY. Chandon, P., V. Morwitz and W. Reinartz (2005), "Do Intentions Really Predict Behaviour? Self-Generated Validity Effects in Survey Research," Journal of Marketing, 69 (2), 1. Churchill, G. (1979), A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs, Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (1), Clisbee, M. (2003), Using N-Vivo for Literature Analysis: Strategies in Qualitative Research: Methodological Issues and Practices Using QSR NVivo and NUD*IST, London: University of London. Cova, B. and S. Pace (2006), "Brand Community of Convenience Products: New Forms of Customer Empowerment the Case My Nutella the Community," European Journal of Marketing, 40 (9/10), Crosby, L., K. Evans and D. Cowles (1990), Relationship quality in services selling: An interpersonal influence perspective, Journal of Marketing Research, (54), Cronin, J. and S. Taylor (1992), Measuring Service Quality: a Reexamination and Extension, Journal of Marketing, 56 (3), Dabholkar, P., D. Thorpe and J. Rentz (1996). A Measure of Service Quality for Retail Stores: Scale Development and Validation, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24 (1), Dagger, T., J. Sweeney and L. Johnson (2007), A Hierarchical Model of Health Service Quality: Scale Development and Investigation of an Integrated Model, Journal of Service Research, 10 (2), Danermark, B., M. Ekstrom, L. Jakobsen and J. Karlsson (2002), Explaining Society: Critical Realism in the Social Sciences. London: Routledge. Darby, M. and E. Karni (1973), Free Competition and the Optimal Amount of Fraud, Journal of Law and Economics, 16 (1), Day, R. (1980), Research Perspectives on Consumer Complaining Behaviour, in Theoretical Developments in Marketing, C. W. Lamb and P. M. Dunne, eds. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, De Jong, A. and K. De Ruyter (2004), Adaptive versus proactive behaviour in service recovery: the role of selfmanaging teams, Decision Sciences, (35),
15 15 Diamantopoulos, A. and H. Winklhofer (2001), Index Construction with Formative Indicators: an Alternative to scale development, Journal of Marketing Research, 38 (2), Diamantopoulos, A. (2005), The C-OAR-SE Procedure for Scale Development in Marketing: a Comment, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 22 (1), 1 9. Di Gregorio, S. (2000), Using Nvivo for your Literature Review. Paper presented at the Meeting of the Strategies in Qualitative Research: l Issues and Results from the Analysis using QSR NVivo and NUD*IST, London. Retrieved January 2nd, 2010, from Edvardsson, B. (2005), Service Quality: Beyond Cognitive Assessment, Managing Service Quality, 15 (2), File, K. and R. Prince (1992), Positive Word-of-Mouth: Customer Satisfaction and Buyer Behaviour, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 10 (1), Flint, D. and J. Mentzer (2006), Striving for Integrated Value-Chain Management Given a Service-Dominant Logic for Marketing, in The Service-Dominant Logic of Marketing, R. Lusch and S. Vargo, eds. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Fornell, C. and D. Larcker (1981), Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), Frow, P. and A. Payne (2007), "Towards the 'Perfect' Customer Experience," Journal of Brand Management, 15 (2), Funder, D., R. Furr and C. Colvin (2000), The riverside behavioural Q-sort: a tool for the description of social behaviour, Journal of Personality, 68 (3), Garver, M. and J. Mentzer (1999), "Logistics Research Methods: Employing Structural Equation Modeling to Test for Construct Validity," Journal of Business Logistics, 20 (1), Gentile, C., N. Spiller and G. Noci (2007), How to Sustain the Customer Experience: an Overview of Experience Components that Co-create Value with the Customer, European Management Journal, 25 (5), Geyskens, I., E. Jan-Benedict, M. Steenkamp, L. Scheer, and N. Kumar (1996), "The Effects of Trust and Interdependence on Relationship Commitment: A Trans-Atlantic Study," International Journal of Research in Marketing 13 (4), Glaser, B. and A. Strauss (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. Gronroos, C. (1997), "Value-Driven Relational Marketing: From Products to Resources and Competencies," Journal of Marketing Management, 13 (5), Grunert, K. and S. Grunert (1995), Measuring subjective meaning structures by the laddering method: theoretical considerations and methodological problems, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12 (3),
16 16 Haeckel, S., L. Carbone and L. Berry (2003), "How to Lead the Customer Experience," Marketing Management, 12 (1), 18. Hair, J., R. Anderson, R. Tatham and W. Black (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall International. Hirschman, E. and M. Holbrook (1982), Hedonic Consumption: Emerging Concepts, Methods and Propositions, Journal of Marketing, 46 (3), Holbrook, M. (2006), Book Reviews the consumption experience, Journal of Macromarketing, 26 (2), Howard, J. and J. Sheth (1969), The Theory of Buyer Behaviour. New York: John Wiley. Hoyle, R. and A. Panter (1995), Writing About Structural Equation Models, in Structural Equation Modelling, R. Hoyle, ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Huffman, C. and M.J. Houston (1993), Goal-oriented experiences and the development of knowledge, Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (2), Jarvis, C., S. MacKenzie and P. Podsakoff (2003), A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research, 30 (2), Johnston, R. (1997), Identifying the critical determinants of service quality in retail banking: importance and effect, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 15 (4), Johnston, R. and G. Clark (2008), Service Operations Management, 3rd ed. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Keaveney, S. (1995), "Customer Switching Behaviour in Service Industries: an Exploratory Study," Journal of Marketing, 59 (2), 71. Keynes, J. (1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Cambridge: Macmillan Cambridge University Press. Klaus, Ph. and S. Maklan (2007), The Role of Brands in a Service Dominated World, Journal of Brand Management, 15 (22), Kozinets, R. (2002), The Field Behind the Screen: Using Netnography for Marketing Research in Online Communities, Journal of Marketing Research, 39 (1), LaSalle, D. and T. Britton (2003), Priceless: Turning Ordinary Products into Extraordinary Experiences. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Liljander, V. and T. Strandvik (1993), Estimating zones of tolerance in perceived service quality and perceived service value, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 4 (2), Liljander, V. and T. Strandvik (1997), Emotions in Service Satisfaction, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 8 (2), 148. Lutz, R.J. (1975), Changing brand attitudes through modification of cognitive structure, Journal of Consumer Research,1 (March),
17 17 McAlister, L. and R.K.. Srivastava (1991), Incorporating choice dynamics in models of consumer behaviour, Marketing Letters, 2 (3), Mascarenhas, O., R. Kesavan and M. Bernacchi (2006), "Lasting Customer Loyalty: a Total Customer Experience Approach," Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23 (7), 397. Maxham, J. and R. Netemeyer (2002), A Longitudinal Study of Complaining Customers Evaluations of Multiple Service Failures and Recovery Efforts, Journal of Marketing, 66 (4), Meyer, C. and A. Schwager (2007), Understanding Customer Experience, Harvard Business Review, 85 (2), Moore, G. and I. Benbasat (1999), Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation, Information Systems Research, 2 (3), Olson, J. and T. Reynolds (1983), Understanding Consumers Cognitive Structures: Implications for Advertising Strategy, in Advertising and Consumer Psychology, L. Percy and A. Woodside, eds. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Parasuraman, A., V. Zeithaml and L. Berry (1988), "SERVQUAL: a Multiple-Item Scale For Measuring Consumer Perceptions," Journal of Retailing, 64 (1), 12. Parasuraman, A., V. Zeithaml and A. Malhotra (2005), E-S-QUAL: a Multiple-Item Scale for Assessing Electronic Service Quality, Journal of Service Research, 7 (3), Parsons, T. (1934), Some Reflections on the Nature and Significance of Economics, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 48 (3), Phillips, L., D. Chang and R. Buzzell (1983), Product quality, cost position and business performance: a test of some key hypotheses, Journal of Marketing, 47 (2), Pine, B. and J. Gilmore (1998), Welcome to the Experience Economy, Harvard Business Review, 76 (4), Pine, B. and J. Gilmore (1999), The Experience Economy: Work is Theatre and Every Business a Stage. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Polit, D. (1996), Factor analysis, in Data Analysis and Statistics for Nursing Research. Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange, Pullman, M. and M. Gross (2004), "Ability of Experience Design Elements to Elicit Emotions and Loyalty Behaviours," Decision Sciences, 35 (3), 551. Prahalad, C. and V. Ramaswamy (2004), "Co-Creation Experiences: the Next Practice in Value Creation," Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18 (3), 5. Reibstein, D., G. Day and J. Wind (2009), Is Marketing Academia Losing Its Way? Journal of Marketing, 73 (4), 1-3. Reichheld, F. (2003), "The One Number You Need to Grow," Harvard Business Review, 81 (12),
18 18 Reynolds, T. and J. Gutman (1988), Laddering Theory, Method, Analysis, and Interpretation, Journal of Advertising Research, 28 (1), Reynolds, T., C. Gengler and D. Howard (1995), "The Means-End Analysis of Brand Persuasion Through Advertising," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12 (3), Roy, R., P. Chintagunta and S. Haldar, (1996), A framework for investigating habits, the hand of the past and heterogeneity in dynamic brand choice, Marketing Science, 15 (3), Ryan, G. and H. Bernard (2003), Techniques to Identify Themes, Field Methods, 15 (1), Schembri, S. (2006), Rationalizing Service Logic, or Understanding Services as Experience? Marketing Theory, 6 (3), Seiders, K., G. Voss, D. Grewal and A. Godfrey (2005), Do Satisfied Customers Buy More? Examining Moderating Influences in a Retailing Context, Journal of Marketing, 69 (4), 26. Sharma, N. and P. Patterson (1999), The Impact of Communication Effectiveness and Service Quality on Relationship Commitment in Consumer, Professional Services, Journal of Services Marketing, 13 (2), 151. Sharma, N. and P. Patterson (2000), Switching Costs, Alternative Attractiveness and Experience as Moderators of Relationship Commitment in Professional, Consumer Services, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 11 (5), 470. Spreng, R., G. Harrell and R. Mackoy (1995), ``Service Recovery: Impact on Satisfaction and Intentions, Journal of Services Marketing, 9 (1), Srinivasan, S., R. Anderson and P. Kishore (1998), Customer loyalty in e-commerce: An exploration of its antecedents and consequences, Journal of Retailing, 78 (1), Strauss, A. and J. Corbin (1990), Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Sweeney, J., G. Soutar and L. Johnson (1999), "The Role of Perceived Risk in the Quality- Value Relationship: a Study in a Retail Environment," Journal of Retailing, 75 (1), Tabachnick, B. and L. Fidell (2001), Using Multivariate Statistics, 4th ed. New York: Harper-Collins. Tax, S., S. Brown and M. Chandrashekaran (1998), "Consumer evaluations of service complaint experiences: implication for relationship marketing," Journal of Marketing, (62), Verhoef, P., K. Lemon, A. Parasuraman, A. Roggeveen, L. Schlesinger and M. Tsiros (2009), Customer Experience: Determinants, Dynamics and Management Strategies, Journal of Retailing, 85 (1), Voss, C. and L. Zomerdijk (2007), Innovation in Experiential Services an Empirical View, in Innovation in Services. London: DTI,
19 19 Walsh, G. and S. Beatty (2007), Customer-Based Corporate Reputation of the Service Firm: Scale Development and Validation, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35 (1), Yi, Y. (1990), A Critical Review of Consumer Satisfaction, in Review of Marketing, Vol. 4, V. Zeithaml, V. ed. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, Zeithaml, V., L. Berry, and A. Parasuraman, A. (1996), The Behavioural Consequences of Service Quality, Journal of Marketing, 60 (2), Zeithaml, V., A. Parasuraman and A. Malhotra (2000), "E-service Quality: Definition, Dimensions and Conceptual Model," Marketing Science Institute Working Paper Series, Cambridge, MA.
Towards a Better Measure of Customer Experience
1 Towards a Better Measure of Customer Experience Author: Dr. Philipp Phil Klaus email: dr.philipp.klaus@gmail.com Citation: Klaus, Ph. and Maklan, S. (forthcoming), Towards a better measure of customer
More informationCUSTOMER LOYALTY IN FINANCIAL SERVICES FROM A SERVICE-DOMINANT LOGIC PERSPECTIVE
CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN FINANCIAL SERVICES FROM A SERVICE-DOMINANT LOGIC PERSPECTIVE Kat Mui Ling Graduate Student, Graduate School of Business, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Brian C. Imrie
More informationTowards a Better Measure of Customer Experience
1 International Journal of Market Research, Volume 55, Issue 2, Pages 227-246 Towards a Better Measure of Customer Experience Philipp Klaus and Stan Maklan Defining and improving customer experience is
More informationTotal service experience as a function of service experiences in service systems
Total service experience as a function of service experiences in service systems Ronny Schueritz, ronny.schueritz@kit.edu, KIT Service firms act as part of one or more service systems for the purpose of
More informationService quality: beyond cognitive assessment Bo Edvardsson Service Research Center, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
The Emerald Research Register for this journal is available at wwwemeraldinsightcom/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at wwwemeraldinsightcom/0960-4529htm
More informationCustomer Experience: Are We Measuring the Right Things?
Customer Experience: Are We Measuring the Right Things? Authors: Prof. Dr. Philipp Phil Klaus Professor of Customer Experience and Marketing Strategy ESCEM School of Business and Marketing E-mail: dr.philipp.klaus@gmail.com
More informationDeveloping a typology of customer experience management practice from preservers to vanguards
Developing a typology of customer experience management practice from preservers to vanguards Abstract: The phenomenon of customer experience (CE) is of increasing interest to both academics and business
More informationUNLEASH POTENTIAL THROUGH EFFECTIVE SERVICE QUALITY DETERMINANTS
UNLEASH POTENTIAL THROUGH EFFECTIVE SERVICE QUALITY DETERMINANTS Viruli de Silva ABSTRACT This article is based on a recent research conducted in the Sri Lankan banking sector and it discusses how the
More informationWhat matter experiential value in casual-dining restaurants?
What matter experiential value in casual-dining restaurants? Nae-Hyun Jin Sang-Mook Lee and Lynn Huffman Texas Tech University Abstract The focus of this research is the chain restaurant industry, and
More informationCustomer Experience, Brand Image and Customer Loyalty in Telecommunication Services
2012 International Conference on Economics, Business and Marketing Management IPEDR vol.29 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore Customer Experience, Brand Image and Customer Loyalty in Telecommunication
More informationThe Influence of Marketing Mix and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty among Hijab Consumers
The Influence of Marketing Mix and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty among Hijab Consumers Norsyaheera Abd Wahab 1 and Lailatul Faizah Abu Hassan 2 1 Centre for Postgraduate and Professional Studies
More informationCustomer Experience: A Sustainable Business Differentiator
Customer Experience: A Sustainable Business Differentiator Dr. Suresh. K. Chaddha 1 and Namita Bhandari 2 Abstract In today s time of hyper competition and overlapping product and service features, it
More informationIJMT Volume 2, Issue 9 ISSN: 2249-1058
Business Profitability Through Customer Loyality and Satisfaction in India with Special Reference to Dehradun (Uttarakhand) Vikas Agarwal* Ajay Chaurasia** Prateek Negi** Abstract This research paper s
More informationExploring the Drivers of E-Commerce through the Application of Structural Equation Modeling
Exploring the Drivers of E-Commerce through the Application of Structural Equation Modeling Andre F.G. Castro, Raquel F.Ch. Meneses and Maria R.A. Moreira Faculty of Economics, Universidade do Porto R.Dr.
More informationDoes Trust Matter to Develop Customer Loyalty in Online Business?
Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer Loyalty in Online Business? Pattarawan Prasarnphanich, Ph.D. Department of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong Email: pprasarn@cityu.edu.hk Abstract
More information7th International Conference of the Academy of Wine Business Research (AWBR) Ontario, Canada, June 12-15, 2013
1 7th International Conference of the Academy of Wine Business Research (AWBR) Ontario, Canada, June 12-15, 2013 BRANDED MARKETING EVENTS: FACILITATING CUSTOMER BRAND ENGAGEMENT Teagan Altschwager University
More informationThe Investigation of the Influence of Service Quality toward Customer Engagement in Service Dominant Industries in Thailand
2014 3rd International Conference on Business, Management and Governance IPEDR vol.82 (2014) (2014) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR.2014.V82.7 The Investigation of the Influence of Service Quality
More informationCopyrighted matrial 978 1 137 37545 2
Philipp Klaus 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
More informationService Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Perceived Value and Brand Loyalty: A Critical Review of the Literature
Doi:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n9p223 Abstract Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Perceived Value and Brand Loyalty: A Critical Review of the Literature Phd. Student Elvira Tabaku Faculty of Economy Aleksander
More informationRevista Economică 67:3 (2015) BUSINESS IS PERSONAL. INSIGHTS FROM EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING AND S-D LOGIC
BUSINESS IS PERSONAL. INSIGHTS FROM EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING AND SD LOGIC TRIȘCĂ Gelu 1 Eftimie Murgu University of Reșița Abstract The paper investigates the antecedents of customer loyalty described in
More informationBRAND TRUST AND BRAND AFFECT: THEIR STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE ON BRAND LOYALTY
BRAND TRUST AND BRAND AFFECT: THEIR STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE ON BRAND LOYALTY ABSTRACT Ebru Tümer KABADAYI Alev KOÇAK ALAN Gebze Institute of Technology, Turkey This paper elucidates the relevance of brand
More informationFactor Analysis and Discriminant Validity: A Brief Review of Some Practical Issues. Research Methods
Page 1 of 9 ANZMAC 2009 Factor Analysis and Discriminant Validity: A Brief Review of Some Practical Issues Research Methods Andrew M Farrell (corresponding and presenting author) Aston Business School
More informationJournal of Internet Banking and Commerce
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce An open access Internet journal (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, August 2010, vol. 15, no.2 (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/)
More informationCopyright subsists in all papers and content posted on this site.
Student First Name: Raed Student Second Name: Algharabat Copyright subsists in all papers and content posted on this site. Further copying or distribution by any means without prior permission is prohibited,
More informationCustomer Experience Management Influences Customer Loyalty: Case Study of Supercenters in Thailand
DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR. 2012. V50. 11 Experience Management Influences Loyalty: Case Study of Supercenters in Thailand Songsak Wijaithammarit 1 and Teera Taechamaneestit 1 1 Faculty of Business Administration,
More informationThe Key Successful Factors of Customer Service Experience
Abstract The Key Successful Factors of Customer Service Experience Yen-Hao Hsieh Tamkang University yhhsiehs@mail.tku.edu.tw Emergent Research Forum Papers Yi-Chun Chuang Tamkang University yichun102779@gmail.com
More informationBRAND EXPERIENCE EFFECTS ON CONSUMER SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING PERCEPTIONS AND BRAND VALUE
BRAND EXPERIENCE EFFECTS ON CONSUMER SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING PERCEPTIONS AND BRAND VALUE ABSTRACT *Tugba Orten TUGRUL *Izmir University of Economics, Turkey Previous research demonstrates that customer
More informationAn Empirical Study of Factors Influencing Behavioral Outcomes within Online Retailing Service Contexts
An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing Behavioral Outcomes within Online Retailing Service Contexts Dr. Hsiu-Lan Wu, Fortune Institute of Technology, Taiwan ABSTRACT Motivated by the growing interest
More informationUnderstanding Customer Engagement in Services Paul Patterson, Ting Yu, University of New South Wales Ko de Ruyter, Maastricht University
Understanding Customer Engagement in Services Paul Patterson, Ting Yu, University of New South Wales Ko de Ruyter, Maastricht University Abstract This paper aims to establish a conceptual understanding
More informationAPPLYING HIERCARCHIAL SERVICE QUALITY MODEL IN MEASURING MOBILE PHONE SERVICE QUALITY IN ALGERIA
APPLYING HIERCARCHIAL SERVICE QUALITY MODEL IN MEASURING MOBILE PHONE SERVICE QUALITY IN ALGERIA Mr Ameur Bensalem 1, Dr Rahima Houalef 2 1. University Assistant Lecturer, The University of Bechar, Bechar,
More informationThe Relationships between Perceived Quality, Perceived Value, and Purchase Intentions A Study in Internet Marketing
The Relationships between Quality, Value, and Purchase Intentions A Study in Internet Marketing Man-Shin Cheng, National Formosa University, Taiwan Helen Cripps, Edith Cowan University, Australia Cheng-Hsui
More informationCustomer Experience Quality: An exploration in business and consumer. contexts using repertory grid technique
1 Published in Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (2011), 39, 846-869 Final Word copy provided to journal for typesetting Customer Experience Quality: An exploration in business and consumer contexts
More informationCustomer experience management and business performance
0 Proceedings of the 17 th QMOD International Conference on Quality and Service Sciences (ICQSS), 3-5 September 2014, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic The paper was nominated to Best Paper
More informationInfluencing Factors on Price Tolerance of Internet Customers
Influencing Factors on Price Tolerance of Internet Customers Shu Fen Chen, Ph.D. candidate of Graduate Institute of Resource Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Chia-Yon Chen, Professor
More informationDeterminants of Customer Loyalty: An Exploratory Investigation on Relational Benefits in the Context of Customer Club
Page 1 of 8 ANZMAC 2009 Determinants of Customer Loyalty: An Exploratory Investigation on Relational Benefits in the Context of Customer Club Kevin Siu-lung Yu*, University of South Australia, Kevin.yu@frieslandcampina.com
More informationManaging multichannel strategies in the service sector: the example of the French insurance industry
Business School W O R K I N G P A P E R S E R I E S Working Paper 2014-059 Managing multichannel strategies in the service sector: the example of the French insurance industry Ilaria Dalla Pozza Lionel
More informationCopyright subsists in all papers and content posted on this site.
Student First Name: Talhat Student Second Name: Alhaiou Copyright subsists in all papers and content posted on this site. Further copying or distribution by any means without prior permission is prohibited,
More informationDELIGHTFUL OR DEPENDABLE? VARIABILITY OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCES AS A PREDICTOR OF CUSTOMER VALUE
DELIGHTFUL OR DEPENDABLE? VARIABILITY OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCES AS A PREDICTOR OF CUSTOMER VALUE Yanliu Huang George Knox Daniel Korschun * WCAI Proposal December 2012 Abstract Is it preferable for a company
More informationAvailable online www.bmdynamics.com ISSN: 2047-7031. Society for Business and Management Dynamics
Cognitive Customer Experience of Women Shopper in Personal Interaction in Thailand s Department Store: An Examination of The Influence of Previous Experience Siripat Chodchuang 1 and Mahmod Sabri Haron
More informationExploring Graduates Perceptions of the Quality of Higher Education
Exploring Graduates Perceptions of the Quality of Higher Education Adee Athiyainan and Bernie O Donnell Abstract Over the last decade, higher education institutions in Australia have become increasingly
More informationImplementation of Customer Experience Management in a Non-Experience-Centric Service Company
Cand. Merc. Marketing Communications Management Copenhagen Business School Implementation of Customer Experience Management in a Non-Experience-Centric Service Company Master Thesis January 2011 Author:
More informationThe Evolving Customer Experience Management Landscape:
The Evolving Customer Experience Management Landscape: Key Findings from a Global Survey of CXM Decision Makers and Influencers Executive Summary Dealing with today s connected consumer, businesses now
More informationCausal Loop Diagramming of the Relationships among Satisfaction, Retention, and Profitability Gerard King School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Australia 3217 Email: gerardk@deakin.edu.au
More informationCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT OF SELECT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l o f M a n a g e m e n t F o c u s 1 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT OF SELECT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES G. RAJU Asst. Professor of Business Administration, St. Thomas
More informationProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management
846 An Empirical Research on Influencing Factors of Customer Experience of Retail Industry Aiming to Improve Customer Satisfaction: Taking Supermarket as an Example Tang Wenwei, Zheng Tongtong School of
More informationConceptualising and Modelling Virtual Experience for the Online Retailer: The 3D Technology
Conceptualising and Modelling Virtual Experience for the Online Retailer: The 3D Technology INTRODUCTION Previous studies (e.g., Jiang & Benbasat, 2005; Algharabat & Dennis, 2010 a, b, c) regarding online
More informationIMPLICATIONS OF LOGISTIC SERVICE QUALITY ON THE SATISFACTION LEVEL AND RETENTION RATE OF AN E-COMMERCE RETAILER S CUSTOMERS
Associate Professor, Adrian MICU, PhD Dunarea de Jos University of Galati E-mail: mkdradrianmicu@yahoo.com Professor Kamer AIVAZ, PhD Ovidius University of Constanta Alexandru CAPATINA, PhD Dunarea de
More information- How a Great Customer Experience Can Drive Your Prices: A Cross- Country Study -
Guro Mamre Sandersen Thea Fredheim Lian BI Norwegian Business School Master Thesis - How a Great Customer Experience Can Drive Your Prices: A Cross- Country Study - Exam code and name: GRA 19003 Master
More informationModule description Customer Relationship Management
Module description Customer Relationship Management 17/11/2014 page 1/6 Module code Central theme W.MSCBA_CRM01.08 This module discusses CRM as a strategic approach that is concerned with creating improved
More informationThe impact of relationship marketing on customer loyalty enhancement (Case study: Kerman Iran insurance company)
Marketing and Branding Research 3(2016) 41-49 MARKETING AND BRANDING RESEARCH WWW.AIMIJOURNAL.COM INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE The impact of relationship marketing on customer loyalty enhancement (Case
More informationCustomer Value-in-Experience: Theoretical foundation and research agenda
Page 1 of 8 ANZMAC 2009 Customer Value-in-Experience: Theoretical foundation and research agenda John Turnbull * Macquarie Graduate School of Management Macquarie University John.turnbull@mgsm.edu.au Abstract
More informationContextual factors that influence learning effectiveness: Hospitality students perspectives
Contextual factors that influence learning effectiveness: Hospitality students perspectives Sung Mi Song Hospitality Management Iowa State University Robert Bosselman Hospitality Management Iowa State
More informationHow Can E-Services Influence On Customers' Intentions toward Online Book Repurchasing (SEM Method and TPB Model)
How Can E-Services Influence On Customers' Intentions toward Online Book Repurchasing (SEM Method and TPB Model) Dr. Hossein Rezaei Dolatabadi Professor Assistance, Faculty of Administration and Economy,
More informationConceptualising communications strategy from a relational perspective
Conceptualising communications strategy from a relational perspective Kirsti Lindberg-Repo CERS, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, ABSTRACT The present article introduces a new framework
More informationThe influence of electronic customer to customer interaction on customer loyalty Xue jing1,a and Xuewei2,b
3rd International Conference on Education, Management, Arts, Economics and Social Science (ICEMAESS 2015) The influence of electronic customer to customer interaction on customer loyalty Xue jing1,a and
More informationInbound Marketing: Customer Activities in Business-to-Business Markets
Christian Belz, Dirk Zupancic, Alexander Schagen Inbound Marketing: Activities in Business-to-Business Markets Abstract I: Companies are turning to services and redefine their markets in terms of customer
More informationRESEARCH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND HYDROBIOLOGY
290 RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND HYDROBIOLOGY 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved ISSN:1816-9112 Open Access Journal Copyright 2015 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information.
More informationConsumers attitude towards online shopping: Factors influencing employees of crazy domains to shop online
Journal of Management and Marketing Research Consumers attitude towards online shopping: Factors influencing employees of crazy domains to shop online ABSTRACT Saad Akbar Bangkok University, Thailand Paul
More informationA 10 Year Retrospective of Help Desk Satisfaction for High Technology Equipment Shows Little Consistency
Advances in Economics and Business 4(4): 190-194, 2016 DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2016.040405 http://www.hrpub.org A 10 Year Retrospective of Help Desk Satisfaction for High Technology Equipment Shows Little Consistency
More informationIMPACT ANALYSIS OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN GROCERY STORE CHAINS-AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF EMPLOYEES PERSPECTIVE.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN GROCERY STORE CHAINS-AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF EMPLOYEES PERSPECTIVE. Sudhir Kumar Singh Research Scholar, RTM Nagpur University, PhD (Pursuing),
More informationMaster Thesis F. van der Meijde
Online Customer Support: The determinants of Channel Choice, and the relation between Perceived Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Service Loyalty A study on Online Customer Support in a multiple-channel
More informationService Quality Value Alignment through Internal Customer Orientation in Financial Services An Exploratory Study in Indian Banks
Service Quality Value Alignment through Internal Customer Orientation in Financial Services An Exploratory Study in Indian Banks Prof. Tapan K.Panda* Introduction A high level of external customer satisfaction
More informationThe Role of Customer Value on Satisfaction and Loyalty (Study on Hypermart s Customers)
International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 801X Volume 2 Issue 6ǁ June. 2013ǁ PP.65-70 The Role of Customer Value on Satisfaction and Loyalty
More informationExamining antecedents of satisfaction for marketing/management students in higher education
Examining antecedents of satisfaction for marketing/management students in higher education ABSTRACT Monica B. Fine Coastal Carolina University Paul W. Clark Coastal Carolina University Marketing and management
More informationAttitude, Behavioral Intention and Usage: An Empirical Study of Taiwan Railway s Internet Ticketing System
Attitude, Behavioral Intention and Usage: An Empirical Study of Taiwan Railway s Internet Ticketing System Wen-Hung Wang Department of Shipping and Transportation Management National Taiwan Ocean University,
More informationThe Power of Customer Relationship Management in Enhancing Product Quality and Customer Satisfaction
The Power of Customer Relationship Management in Enhancing Product Quality and Customer Satisfaction Arawati Agus 1 and Za faran Hassan 2+ 1 Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
More informationGrounded Benchmarks for Item Level Service Quality Metrics. Michael Vogelpoel, Anne Sharp, University of South Australia
Grounded Benchmarks for Item Level Service Quality Metrics Michael Vogelpoel, Anne Sharp, University of South Australia Abstract It is still commonly assumed by industry and much of the marketing literature
More information086 The study of the Factors Affecting the Customer Loyalty of Lotteria fast food restaurants in Yangon, Myanmar
086 The study of the Factors Affecting the Customer Loyalty of Lotteria fast food restaurants in Yangon, Myanmar Khine Cho Myo Myint Sirion Chaipoopirutana the Graduate School of Business, Assumption University
More informationChapter 5. 5.0 Discussion and Analysis. 5.1 Summary of Findings
Chapter 5 5.0 Discussion and Analysis 5.1 Summary of Findings The exploratory study established the link between customer engagement and experiential marketing. A consumption experience would always improve
More informationThe Impact Of Internet Banking Service Quality On Business Customer Commitment. Nexhmi (Negji) Rexha, Curtin University of Technology.
The Impact Of Internet Banking Service Quality On Business Customer Commitment Nexhmi (Negji) Rexha, Curtin University of Technology Abstract Using the critical incidents technique to identify underlying
More informationThe Effect of Switching Barriers on Customer Retention in Korean Mobile Telecommunication Services
The Effect of Switching Barriers on Customer Retention in Korean Mobile Telecommunication Services Moon-Koo Kim*, Jong-Hyun Park*, Myeong-Cheol Park** *Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute,
More informationАКАв applefi, Ав - TАяАкдлАмO TOАя: длая EдлдлАм MАВАК дл EАВАВАКдлАм TАк. длoамакак OдлOАКАя O TPAEZIKA EMATA. АяАВАяO Ая АсАя O.
TPAEZIKA EMATA длoамакак OдлOАКАя O TАяАкдлАмO TOАя: длая EдлдлАм MАВАК дл EАВАВАКдлАм TАк АКАв applefi, Ав - applefi АУ, apple appleау applefi fi apple АвАУ apple. Ав- apple, Ав 1200 apple- apple, fi
More informationExploring the Links between Relational Bonds and Customer Loyalty: The Case of loyal Arabic Guests at Five-Star hotels
Exploring the Links between Relational Bonds and Customer Loyalty: The Case of loyal Arabic Guests at Five-Star hotels Ahmad B. Shammout, Susan Zeidan, Michael J. Polonsky, Victoria University Abstract
More informationCruise Travel Virtual Communities: Digital Identity Management and Member Satisfaction
Cruise Travel Virtual Communities: Digital Identity Management and Member Satisfaction Svetlana Stepchenkova a, Juline E. Mills a a Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management Purdue University, U.S.
More informationThe Influences of Perceived Value on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Moderating Effect of Advertising Endorser
The Influences of Perceived Value on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Moderating Effect of Advertising Endorser Dr. Hsinkuang Chi, Nanhua University, Taiwan Dr. Huery Ren Yeh, Shih Chien University, Kaohsiung,
More informationThe Moderating Effect of Switching Costs on the Customer Satisfaction-retention Link: Retail Internet Banking Service in Hong Kong
Innovation and knowledge Management in Twin Track Economies: Challenges & Solutions 1773 The Moderating Effect of Switching Costs on the Satisfaction-retention Link: Retail Internet Banking Service in
More informationThe Nature of Customer Relationships in Services
1 In: Swartz, Teresa A, David E. Bowen and Stephen W. Brown (eds.), Advances in Services Marketing and Management, Volume 4, London: JAI Press Inc., 1995. The Nature of Customer Relationships in Services
More informationSport Celebrity Influence on Young Adult Consumers. Keywords: Advertising, Execution, Strategy, Celebrity
Page 1 of 9 ANZMAC 2009 Sport Celebrity Influence on Young Adult Consumers Steve Dix, Curtin University of Technology Email: Steve.Dix@cbs.curtin.edu.au The paper investigates how sports celebrities can
More informationAn Assessment of Services of Cell-phone Service Providers by Utilizing the SERVQUAL Model: A Study of Valsad District
Page33 An Assessment of Services of Cell-phone Service Providers by Utilizing the SERVQUAL Model: A Study of Valsad District Dr. Brijesh S. Patel Assistant Professor, D. R. Patel & R. B. Patel Commerce
More informationRelationship Between Customers Perceived Values, Satisfaction and Loyalty of Mobile Phone Users
Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. Vol 1(1) 126 Relationship Between Customers Perceived Values, Satisfaction and Loyalty of Mobile Phone Users Mohd Shoki. Bin Md.Ariff* Faculty of Management and Human Resource
More informationImpact of Service Quality Dimensions Towards Customer Satisfaction In Indian Call Centers
Volume 6, Issue 1, July 2013 Impact of Service Quality Dimensions Towards Customer Satisfaction In Indian Call Centers Sumit Agarwal* Dr. Deepak Singh** Prof. K S Thakur*** *Research Scholar, School of
More informationBACKGROUND THE IN-STORE CUSTOMER SHOPPING EXPERIENCE CONCEPT
IN-STORE CUSTOMER SHOPPING EXPERIENCES IN A SUPERMARKET AND THE OUTCOMES THEREOF Nic S Terblanche, Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa BACKGROUND The past decade
More informationBrand Loyalty on social media - can images make you more loyal?
Copenhagen Business School, 2014 MSc in Social Science Service Management Master Thesis October 21 st 2014 Brand Loyalty on social media - can images make you more loyal? A multiple case study of brand
More informationQuo Vadis, Customer Experience?
Customer Experience is most certainly on every ones, and in particular, every marketing managers mind. Not a day goes by in which we are not faced with headlines and corporate news announcing a new customer
More informationThe Effect of Price Discounts and Store Image on Consumer s Purchase Intention in Online Shopping Context Case Study: Nokia and HTC
Journal of Business Studies Quarterly 2012, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 197-205 ISSN 2152-1034 The Effect of Price Discounts and Store Image on Consumer s Purchase Intention in Online Shopping Context Case Study:
More informationSERVICE QUALITY AS A FACTOR OF MARKETING COMPETITIVENESS. Aleksandar Grubor, Ph. D. Assistant Professor. Suzana Salai, Ph. D.
SERVICE QUALITY AS A FACTOR OF MARKETING COMPETITIVENESS Aleksandar Grubor, Ph. D. Assistant Professor Suzana Salai, Ph. D. Full Professor Božidar Leković, Ph. D. Full Professor Abstract: The basic characteristics
More informationMeasurement of the Technology-Mediated E-Service Recovery Quality through Interactive Channels and the Effects on Intention to Value Co-Creation
Measurement of the Technology-Mediated E-Service Recovery Quality through Interactive Channels and the Effects on Intention to Value Co-Creation Alireza Nili, Victoria University of Wellington. Alireza.nili@vuw.ac.nz
More informationTechnology Complexity, Personal Innovativeness And Intention To Use Wireless Internet Using Mobile Devices In Malaysia
International Review of Business Research Papers Vol.4 No.5. October-November 2008. PP.1-10 Technology Complexity, Personal Innovativeness And Intention To Use Wireless Internet Using Mobile Devices In
More informationCustomer Value, Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Switching Costs: An Illustration From a Business-to-Business Service Context
Customer Value, Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Switching Costs: An Illustration From a Business-to-Business Service Context Shun Yin Lam Nanyang Technological University Venkatesh Shankar University of Maryland
More informationWireless Internet Service and Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study on Young Generation in Bangladesh
Wireless Internet Service and Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study on Young Generation in Bangladesh Papri Shanchita Roy Lecturer (Statistics), Department of Business Administration, Stamford University
More informationIntegrated Model for Quality Assurance of ICT-based Services
Integrated Model for Quality Assurance of ICT-based Services Gjoko Stamenkov, Zamir Dika South East European University, Ilindenska bb, Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia g.stamenkov@seeu.edu.mk, z.dika@seeu.edu.mk
More informationSNF Working Paper No. 09/11. Brand and Customer Experience in Service Organizations: Literature Review and Brand Experience Construct Validation
SNF Working Paper No. 09/11 Brand and Customer Experience in Service Organizations: Literature Review and Brand Experience Construct Validation by Siv Skard Herbjørn Nysveen Per Egil Pedersen SNF-Project
More informationPERSONALITY FACETS AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN ONLINE GAMES
PERSONALITY FACETS AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN ONLINE GAMES Ching-I Teng 1 and Yun-Jung Chen 2 Department of Business Administration, Chang Gung University, Taiwan 1 chingit@mail.cgu.edu.tw; 2 dinos1910@yahoo.com.tw
More informationExperiential Marketing: An Insight into the Mind of the Consumer
Experiential Marketing: An Insight into the Mind of the Consumer Ladipo Patrick Kunle Adeosun Department of Business Administration University of Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: patrickladipo@yahoo.com Rahim Ajao
More informationMarketing scholars emphasize the influence of customer
Anders Gustafsson, Michael D. Johnson, & Inger Roos The Effects of Customer Satisfaction, Relationship Commitment Dimensions, and Triggers on Customer Retention In a study of telecommunications services,
More informationAssessing a theoretical model on EFL college students
ABSTRACT Assessing a theoretical model on EFL college students Yu-Ping Chang Yu Da University, Taiwan This study aimed to (1) integrate relevant language learning models and theories, (2) construct a theoretical
More informationService quality in fitness centres: literature review and further research Abstract
Service quality in fitness centres: literature review and further research Abstract Addressing the needs of the customers and understanding their perspectives on service quality (SQ) have become essential
More informationCustomer Switching Resistance (CSR): The Effects of Perceived Equity, Trust and Relationship Commitment
Customer Switching Resistance (CSR): The Effects of Perceived Equity, Trust and Relationship Commitment Dr Gilles N Goala, Associate Professor, University of Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095
More informationInfluence of information search on risky investment preferences: Testing a moderating role of income
2011 3rd International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering IPEDR vol.12 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Influence of information search on risky investment preferences: Testing a
More informationThe Online Banking Usage in Indonesia: An Empirical Study
DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR. 2012. V54. 19 The Online Banking Usage in Indonesia: An Empirical Study Sulistyo Budi Utomo 1 + 1 Indonesia School of Economics (STIESIA) Surabaya Abstract. Many Indonesian banks have
More information