Connecting a network (Part I) : Cabling & Hardware

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Dale Bryant
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1 Connecting a network (Part I) : Cabling & Hardware

Wired vs Wireless network Wired networks Physically connected using cables Example: Using conventional telephone cables Wireless Network Use signals to

2 Wired vs Wireless network Wired networks Physically connected using cables Example: Using conventional telephone cables Wireless Network Use signals to transfer data Example: Television and radio network, cellular network, For home connection, which is more efficient? Compare both in terms of: Speed Cost Reliability

3 Wired vs Wireless network

4 Wired network: Cabling Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another

5 Wired network: Type of Cable Several types of cable are commonly used with LANs. 3 types of cable Coaxial cable Fiber optic cable Twisted-pair cable (Shielded & Unshielded)

6 Type of cable: 1. Coaxial Cable Originally develop to carry large number of high-speed video transmission at one time. Shield of braided wire to block electromagnetic signals from entering the cable Used in telephone transmission outside home and cable for television delivery More expensive than twisted pair but less susceptible to interference Can carry more data quickly Coaxial cabling has a single copper conductor at its center.

7 Type of cable: 1. Coaxial Cable A plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and a braided metal shield The metal shield helps to block any outside interference from fluorescent lights, motors, and other computers

8 Type of cable: 2. Fiber Optic Cable consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective materials Fastest delivery : able to transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair. Transfers data represented by light pulses (billions of bit per second) Each strand: carry data for several television stations or thousands of voice Each strand: Only send data in one direction Example: Unifi

9 Type of cable: 2. Fiber Optic Cable It transmits light rather than electronic signals eliminating the problem of electrical interference. ideal for certain environments that contain a large amount of electrical interference.

is twisted with a different number of twists per inch to help eliminate

10 Type of cable: 3a. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Has 4 pairs of wires inside the jacket Each pair is twisted with a different number of twists per inch to help eliminate interference from adjacent pairs and other electrical devices. A disadvantage : may be susceptible to radio and electrical frequency interference.

11 Type of cable: 3b. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Two individual wires wrap in a foil shielding Shielding to help provide a more reliable data communication Suitable for environment with electrical interference Disadvantage: Extra shielding cause bulky

12 Cable connector 1. Coaxial cable connector The most common type of connector used with coaxial cables is the Bayonet-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector Different types of adapters are available for BNC connectors, including a T-connector, barrel connector, and terminator.

13 Cable connector 2. Fibre optic cable connector The most common type of connector used with fiber optic cable is the ST & SC connector

14 Cable connector 3. UTP cable connector The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45 connector (RJ=Registered Jack) Look like a large telephone-style connector A slow allows RJ-45 to be inserted only one way

15 Topology & Cable Physical Topology Linear Bus Star Star-Wired Ring Tree Coaxial Twisted Pair Fiber Twisted Pair Fiber Twisted Pair Coaxial Twisted Pair Fiber Cable used

16 Network Topology Comparison

17 Network Hardware / Equipment Networking hardware includes all computers, peripherals, interface cards and other equipment needed to perform data-processing and communications within the network.

18 Network Hardware / Equipment 1. File Server 2. Workstation 3. Network Interface Cards 4. Concentrator/Hubs 5. Switch 6. Repeater 7. Bridges 8. Routers

very fast computer large amount of RAM and storage space, a fast network

19 Network Hardware: 1. File server A file server stands at the heart of most networks. very fast computer large amount of RAM and storage space, a fast network interface card. network operating system software resides on this computer, along with any software applications and data files that need to be shared.

configured with a network interface card, networking software, and the

20 Network Hardware: 2. Workstation user computers that is connected to a network are called workstations. configured with a network interface card, networking software, and the appropriate cables. do not necessarily storage capability, files can be saved on the file server. almost any computer can serve as a network workstation.

21 Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card (NIC) provides the physical connection between the network and the computer workstation. major factor in determining the speed and performance of a network Most NICs are internal, with the card fitting into an expansion slot inside the computer. Some computers, such as Mac Classics, use external boxes which are attached to a serial port or a SCSI port. Laptop computers - built-in NIC or network cards that slip into a PCMCIA slot. The three most common network interface connections are Ethernet cards, LocalTalk connectors Token Ring cards.

22 Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card (NIC)

cable RJ-45 connection for twisted pair,

23 Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card (NIC) 1. Ethernet Cards Ethernet cards contain connections for either coaxial or twisted pair cables (or both) BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connection for coaxial cable RJ-45 connection for twisted pair, Some ethernet cards also have Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection RJ-45 AUI BNC

Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card (NIC) 2. LocalTalk Connectors LocalTalk is Apple's built-in solution for networking Macintosh computers.

24 Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card (NIC) 2. LocalTalk Connectors LocalTalk is Apple's built-in solution for networking Macintosh computers. utilizes a special adapter box and a cable that plugs into the printer port of a Macintosh. A major disadvantage of LocalTalk (.23 Mbps) is that it is slow in comparison to Ethernet (10 Mbps).

25 Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card (NIC) Ethernet card vs. LocalTalk connection Ethernet Fast data transfer (10 Mbps) Expensive - purchased separately Requires computer slot Available for most computers LocalTalk Slow data transfer (.23 Mbps) Built into Macintosh computers No computer slot necessary Works only on Macintosh computers

One visible difference is the type of connector

26 Network Hardware: 3. Network Interface Card (NIC) 3. Token Ring Cards Token Ring network cards look similar to Ethernet cards. One visible difference is the type of connector on the back end of the card. generally have a nine pin DIN type connector to attach the card to the network cable.

27 Network Hardware: 4. Concentrator/Hubs Central connection point Transmit all data received to all node connected to the hub. Regardless to which device the data being sent to Lots of extra network traffic, network less efficient

28 Network Hardware: 5. Switch Switch vs Hubs : Both devices contain ports to connect the devices together via networking cables and to facilitates communication between the devices, but they differ in how they transfer data. Identifies the device on the network for which the data is intended and sends the data to that node only Can connect Ethernet, token ring, Fiber Channel or other types of packet switched network segments together to form an internetwork When to use Switch? Hubs?

can be separate devices or they can be incorporated into a concentrator.

29 Network Hardware: 6. Repeater to boost the signal with a device called a repeater. The repeater electrically amplifies the signal it receives and rebroadcasts it. can be separate devices or they can be incorporated into a concentrator. used when the total length of your network cable exceeds the standards set for the type of cable being used.

30 Network Hardware: 7. Bridges A bridge monitors the information traffic on both sides of the network so that it can pass packets of information to the correct location. The bridge manages the traffic to maintain optimum performance on both sides of the network It keeps information flowing on both sides of the network, but it does not allow unnecessary traffic through. Can be used to connect different types of cabling, or physical topologies. They must be between networks with the same protocol. A network bridge connects multiple network segments.

31 Network Hardware: 7. Bridges Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments.

32 Network Hardware: 8. Routers Connectors that used to link different networks translates information from one network to another; it is similar to a superintelligent bridge. select the best path to route a message, based on the destination address and origin. direct traffic to prevent head-on collisions, and is smart enough to know when to direct traffic along back roads and shortcuts. While bridges know the addresses of all computers on each side of the network, routers know the addresses of computers, bridges, and other routers on the network. Routers can even "listen" to the entire network to determine which sections are busiest -- they can then redirect data around those sections until they clear up.

33 Network Hardware: 8. Routers Also determines the best route to send the data over the Internet. Routers can: Direct signal traffic efficiently Route messages between any two protocols Route messages between linear bus, star, and star-wired ring topologies Route messages across fiber optic, coaxial, and twistedpair cabling ngertian-router-dan-cara-kerjanya.html

34 Class Activity : Set up your network You have these network components: Printer (1) - Wires Computer (2) - Network Interface Card(2) Personal laptop (1) Concentrator/Hubs (1) Server (1) Build your simple network model in group

35 Additional info: THANK YOU

Networks. The two main network types are: Peer networks

Networks. The two main network types are: Peer networks Networks Networking is all about sharing information and resources. Computers connected to a network can avail of many facilities not available to standalone computers: Share a printer or a plotter among