suas Training; What s Next?

Transcription

1 suas Training; What s Next? David Thirtyacre College of Aeronautics Unmanned Flight Operations 1 thirtyad@erau.edu

2 UAS Definition UAS ->aircraft without an operator or flight crew onboard Remotely controlled Used for military and civilian (and eventually commercial) tasks without risk to human operators/crew Numerous terms for UAS Aeromodeling Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV; remote air vehicle element of UAS) Unmanned Aerospace Systems (UAS) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) Aerial Target Drone (drone)

3 Industry Growth Many technology driven markets of last 50 years characterized by S curve Represented by three key phases in product development Technological innovation Growth Maturity Need to be better, cheaper, or faster More capability at less cost encourages market growth

4 UAS Manufacturing 425 manufactures in 2014 (UAVGlobal.com) Many similar designs/capability Many similar mission sets Acquisition cost dropping Limited quality control Limited supply chain integrity Limited operating instructions Limited software testing Limited maintenance procedures Limited documentation Limited regulation? As a hobbyist Commercial use Limited training?

5 Regulations Recent NTSB ruling that suav are aircraft No careless or reckless operations Commercial use requires: Special Airworthiness Certificate Certificate of Authorization or Waiver Part 333 exemptions Hobbyist Community of practice guidelines

6 FAA Proposed Part 107 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) Commercial suas Limitations Less than: 55lbs (25kg), 100mph (87kts), 500ft AGL Visual line-of-sight only (close enough for operator to see) First Person View (FPV) doesn t count No operations over persons Day only Operations in B, C, D and E airspace with permission from ATC Operations in Class G airspace without permission No careless or reckless operations

7 FAA Proposed Part 107 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) Commercial suas Operator Certification Pilots of suas considered Operators Pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test Be vetted by the Transportation Security Administration Obtain operator certificate (small UAS training) Must be 17years old Report accidents Ensure suas is safe to fly Recurrent aeronautical test every 24 mos

8 Training If NPRM as written: General Aeronautical knowledge (FAA testing center) Airspace, weather, aerodynamics, communications, etc Operators Certificate On what type (RW, FW, Hybrid, manufacturer?) Written exam? Practical exam? To what standard? All trained on platforms with limited procedures

9 Manufacturer Checklists

10 Home Made Checklist PREFLIGHT Flight Takeoff area level, unobstructed view >50ft from spectators check for other uas ops Aircraft Battery. installed, fully charged Transmitter Battery.. > 50% charge Tablet Battery > 25% charge Propellers Tight check Damage... check Locks.. secure Airframe No Damage. check Antennas. check Landing gear check Camera SD card check installed Filter as required Gimbal check Transmitter Tablet.. connected, secure Harness on Antennas. vertical BEFORE STARTING MOTORS Aircraft... >10ft, pointing away Transmitter on Tablet on Pilot App... start Flight Mode Switch.. P Aircraft Power.. on Transmitter Link green Aircraft GPS. green flash Pilot App A/C Status safe to fly Flight Mode. P-GPS Battery Line. check Compass calibrate Pilot App Home Point.. check Home Altitude.. check Max Rng/Alt check Camera Settings as required

11 Home Made Checklist

12 Home Made Knowledge Tests 1. A light on the aircraft indicates it is safe to fly A. Flashing Yellow B. Flashing Green C. Double Flashing Green D. All the above 2. A light on the aircraft indicates it is safe to fly but GPS is not available A. Steady Green B. Flashing Green C. Double Flashing Green D. All the above 3. (T/F) Vision Positioning (VP) is always on unless there is a malfunction 4. Although VP will function below meters, it is most accurate below meters 5. Greater than 50% charge on the transmitter radio is indicated by A. 2 solid white lights B. 2 solid and 1 flashing white lights C. 3 solid white lights D. 3 solid and 1 flashing white lights

13 ERAU-W Unmanned Flight Operations Approach Adopt FAA protocols for training and certification Ground School New emphasis on communications Written Test required for each platform Experimental aircraft still require knowledge test Practical Tests Including emergency procedures Recurring Evaluation

14 QUESTIONS? David Thirtyacre

15 David Thirtyacre David has been and instructor with Embry-Riddle for eight years and is an Assistant Professor in the College of Aeronautics. He instructs at the undergrad and graduate levels in Aerodynamics, Aircraft Performance, Airborne Robotics, Unmanned Aerospace Systems, and Air/Space Simulation Systems. He is the Department Chair of Unmanned Flight Operations. David holds a Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Masters Degree in Aerospace Science. He recently retired from the USAF after 27 years in the fighter community, and was a pioneer in the use of unmanned systems. He spent the last 17 years at Nellis AFB in Las Vegas, NV where he was an Operational Test Pilot and the USAF Warfare Center s Director of Advanced Programs. He was the focal point for advanced planning, combining the air, space and cyber domains with 5th gen aircraft, UAS, and national capabilities. David is a current multi-engine commercial pilot and Certified Flight Instructor, Instrument.

16 Communications Control Frequencies Lower Freqs: Better penetration Higher Freqs: More average power Data Techniques Narrow Band 27, 35, 36, 40, 41 and 72 Mhz Limited transmitters over small bandwidth Interference is expected Distributed Spread Spectrum (802.11) Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Multiple device access examples Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM)

17 Communications Typical Narrow Band Controller Transmission 49.8MHz

18 Communications Typical WiFi Trace ( GHz)

19 Communications Typical WiFi Trace with R/C Transmitter on