Inventing. with Software and Electronics

Transcription

1 Inventing with Software and Electronics

2

3 PWM

4

5 Loops & Motors & Amps (Oh, Boy!)

6 For Loop

7 The while loop

8 Empire State Building 102 Stories Or a pile of pennies 986,426,768 Miles High.

9 A N A L O G Y Conductor (Wire) A L E R T

10 A N A L O G Y Electrons A L E R T

11 A N A L O G Y A L E R T Flow Rate (Gallons/Hour)

12 A N A L O G Y A L E R T Current (Amps)

13 Arduino Uno Datasheet

14 Circuit Happiness A N Dead A L Stressed O G Y Healthy Underpowered Asleep A L E R T

15

16 Polyfuse (500mA)

17 Ways to Kill an Arduino Easily Possible Shorting I/O Pins to Ground Apply Overvoltage to I/O Pins Shorting I/O Pins to Each Other Exceed Total Microcontroller Current (200mA)

18

19 the most important invention of the 20 th century Transistor

20 A N A L O G Y A L E R T Valve

21 V I R

22 To calculate: V OLTS = I AMPS R OHMS

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24 Piezo-Electric Buzzer

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26

27 Did you finish building the Shift Register Circuit?

28 Data Types & Serial Communications & Why Buttons are more complicated than you might think.

29 Serial Communications

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31 Serial /seer-ee-uhl/: adj. Computers a. of or pertaining to the apparent or actual performance of data-processing operations one at a time ( distinguished from parallel). b. of or pertaining to the transmission or processing of each part of a whole in sequence, as each bit of a byte or each byte of a computer word ( distinguished from parallel).

32 Serial Port (RS-232)

33 Serial Port (RS-232)

34 Universal Serial Bus (USB)

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36

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38

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40 nibble

41 nibble

42 {TAKES NO SPACE} {HAS NO VALUE}

43 0 (false) or!0 (true)

44 a = characters in ASCII (8- bits)

45 characters in ASCII (8- bits) [Not very useful]

46 0 to 255

47 ,767 to 32767

48 to 65535

49 to 65535

50 ,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647

51 to 4,294,967,295

52 E 38 to 3.4E+38 E E E E E E E E M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

53 0-255 OOPS! 3.4E 38 to 3.4E+38 E E E E E E E E M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

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55

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57 One Wire

58 MIDI Kate Charlie Jasmine

59 One Signal Wire! Sending a MIDI message from a Synthesizer

60 One Signal Wire! Receiving a MIDI message to a Synthesizer

61 play a middle C on the tenth MIDI channel, medium volume.

62 play a middle C on the tenth MIDI channel, medium volume. 9A 45 45

63 play a middle C on the tenth MIDI channel, medium volume. 9A

64 USB Serial Lexa Jameyia Kate Everyone (for debugging)

65

66

67 int temperaturepin = 0; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); //Serial comm. at a Baud Rate of 9600 } void loop() { float temp = getvoltage(temperaturepin); //Below is a line that compensates for an offset (see datasheet) temp = (temp -.5) * 100; Serial.println(temp); // Send data to PC delay(1000); } float getvoltage(int pin) { return (analogread(pin) * ); }

68 One-Wire Communication can only go so fast before data is lost.

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70 Two Wire

71 I2C Scott

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73 Bus

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76 I2C Addressing is complicated; it s possible multiple devices share the same address

77 Three Wire A third wire is added, which is used to select which target is being communicated with

78 Shift Register

79

80 Clock

81 Clock Data

82 Clock Data Latch

83 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Braden Jasmine Quinn

84

85 QVNOSM:&imgrefurl= d=af2lo6ngwhzeum&imgurl= /fc/spi_three_slaves.svg/350px- SPI_three_slaves.svg.png&w=350&h=278&ei=iB31T9eIHOOQ2QW43ZzgBg&zoom=1&iact =hc&vpx=198&vpy=149&dur=13510&hovh=200&hovw=252&tx=166&ty=87&sig= &page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=181&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:73

86 Master and Slave can communicate simultaneously

87 Faster than I2C (no addressing)

88 Fact: The delay() function isn t very accurate (+/- 1 ms)

89 But what if I want to communicate faster?

90 Fact: The delaymicroseconds() function is more accurate (+/- 1 us)

91 However: The delaymicroseconds() function disables interrupts

92 Interrupts

93 But what if I want to communicate faster?

94 Or what if I need interrupts enabled?

95 Fact: Once the communication reaches a certain speed, hardware assistance is required

96 Fact: Once the communication reaches a certain speed, hardware assistance is required

97 Libraries

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101

102 Why Buttons are more complicated than you might think.

103 Fact: Buttons have no voltage, only a change in resistance

104 Fact: Buttons have no voltage, only a change in resistance Infinite when Open

105 Fact: Buttons have no voltage, only a change in resistance Zero when Closed

106 Fact: Arduino inputs only measures signals with voltage

107 Max Volts ( high ) Min Volts ( low ) This is what we want a button press to look like!

108 Fact: If we measure the voltage of a button, the value will float

109 So how can we make the button appear like a digital signal?

110 Pull-up Resistors

111 5V -HIGH 5V -HIGH

112 5V -HIGH 0V LOW

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115

116 Low-Pass Filtering

117 Low-Pass Filtering (Smoothing)

118 Low-Pass Filtering (Averaging)

119 Low-Pass Filtering By averaging consecutive values, the rapidlychanging values are removed, revealing the underlying trend

120

121 boolean lastbuttonvalue; boolean isbuttonon; void setup() { lastbuttonvalue = digitalread(0); isbuttonon = false; } void loop() { boolean currentbuttonvalue = digitalread(); if ( lastbuttonvalue == currentbuttonvalue ) { if ( currentbuttonvalue!= isbuttonon ) { isbuttonon = currentbuttonvalue; } } delay(100); // Maximum Debounce time } // Button value changed!

122 Regression

123 Voltage Dividers

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