Characteristics of data relay satellite systems
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1 Recommendation ITU-R SA (12/2013) Characteristics of data relay satellite systems SA Series Space applications and meteorology
2 ii Rec. ITU-R SA Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at Series BO BR BS BT F M P RA RS S SA SF SM SNG TF V Title Satellite delivery Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television Broadcasting service (sound) Broadcasting service (television) Fixed service Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services Radiowave propagation Radio astronomy Remote sensing systems Fixed-satellite service Space applications and meteorology Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems Spectrum management Satellite news gathering Time signals and frequency standards emissions Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU.
3 Rec. ITU-R SA RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA Characteristics of data relay satellite systems (Question ITU-R 118/7) ( ) Scope This Recommendation provides parameters for data relay satellite (DRS) systems worldwide to be used as guidance for deriving sharing criteria and coordination thresholds. Rec. ITU-R SA.1414 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that data relay satellite (DRS) systems operate as described in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1018 Hypothetical reference system for systems comprising data relay satellites in the geostationary orbit and user spacecraft in low-earth orbits; b) that there is an increase in mission requirements and in space research activity conducted particularly in low-earth orbit; c) that DRS provide support to many programmes/missions in the space research service and are vital to supporting both manned and unmanned space research telecommunications; d) that it is necessary to establish relevant criteria for sharing between DRS systems and other services operating in co-frequency bands; e) that the technical characteristics of representative DRS systems need to be considered in order to derive relevant sharing criteria, recommends 1 that the characteristics of DRS systems, as described in Annex 1, may be used in interference sharing studies; 2 that the information provided in Annex 1 should also be used as guidance for deriving sharing criteria and coordination thresholds as appropriate for DRS systems.
4 2 Rec. ITU-R SA Annex 1 Characteristics of existing Data Relay Satellite (DRS) systems TABLE 1 Forward Earth-to-DRS feeder link characteristics Transmitting earth station Network Europe Japan Location (1) (1) Europe Japan Frequency range (GHz) Link description Forward feeder-links Ku-band (5) Composite (2) Decentralized (3) Decentralized (3), (4) Composite (7) Transmission rate Modulation QPSK/SSM (6), QPSK PSK PSK Polarization Left-hand circular Linear Linear Circular Linear Antenna size (m) and 9 5, 9.2 and 13 3, 12 and 15 Tx antenna gain (dbi) and , 68.2 and 71.4 Tx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.580 RR Appendix 8, Annex III 56.9, 68.2 and 70.1 Necessary bandwidth (MHz) 80 per channel 650 (composite) (composite) 800 (composite) Maximum power spectral density Maximum e.i.r.p. spectral density (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Receiving DRS Orbital locations 160W, 16W, 95E, 167E Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA.1276 Antenna size (m) Rx antenna gain (dbi) Rx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672 System noise temperature (K) and Link availability (%) Interference criterion Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 The earth stations for the network are located within the territory of the. The earth stations for the network are located in White Sands (New Mexico), Blossom Point (Maryland) and Guam. The coordinates of the stations are: 32.5 N, W for White Sands; N, W for Blossom Point; and N, E for Guam. The composite link for the network is composed of seven channels: One DRS command and ranging channel, one DRS pilot tone signal, one S-band (2 GHz) multiple access (S-MA) link, two S-band single access (S-SA) links and two Ku-band (14/11 GHz and 30/20 GHz) single access (K-SA) links. The European DRS ground system consists of 12 earth stations, including the TT&C earth station, located in different countries within Europe. The earth station communicates with the DRS through its European coverage antenna. The Japanese network employs a decentralized link concept that permits independent forward feeder links from different earth stations. The DRS employs several independent forward feeder-links, including S-band (2 GHz) multiple access (S-MA) links, S-band single access (S-SA) links, Ku-band single access (Ku-SA) links and differential correction and monitoring system links that are augmented for the GLONASS system (GLONASS/SDCM). SSM: Spread-spectrum modulation. The Chinese networks implement a composite link concept that permits forward feeder links from different earth stations.
5 Rec. ITU-R SA Transmitting DRS Network Orbital locations 16W, 95E, 167E Frequency range (GHz) Link description Transmission rate (bit/s) (3) kbit/s Multiple access (S-MA) links 300 kbit/s 3 Mcps TABLE 2 Forward DRS-to-spacecraft link characteristics Europe Japan Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA W, 95E, 167E W, 16W, 95E, 167E (1) Single access (S-SA) links 6 Single Access (Ku-SA) links Europe Japan Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA.1276 Modulation QPSK/SSM (2) PSK SQPN/PSK (2) PSK QPSK/SSM (2) QPSK PSK Polarization RHC LHC LHC Circular RHC RHC Circular Antenna size (m) Phased array Phased array Tx antenna gain (dbi) Tx antenna radiation pattern Necessary bandwidth (MHz) Maximum power spectral density Maximum e.i.r.p. spectral density 300 kbit/s 3 Mcps 300 kbit/s 3 Mcps 64 kbit/s Single Access (Ka-SA) links Rec. ITU-R S.672 Rec. ITU-R S.672 LHC Left-hand circular; RHC right-hand circular. Rec. ITU-R S
6 4 Rec. ITU-R SA Receiving spacecraft Network Orbital locations Frequency range (GHz) Antenna size (m) Rx antenna gain (dbi) Rx antenna radiation pattern System noise temperature (K) (3) Omnidirectional, arrays Europe Japan TABLE 2 (end) Mainly low-earth orbit (1) Omnidirectional, arrays, parabolic = 1.5 Omnidirectional, arrays, parabolic = 0.8 Europe Japan / Rec. ITU-R S.672 for high gain antenna Rec. ITU-R S Required E b /N 0 (db) Required BER Link reliability (%) Interference criterion SQPN: Staggered quadriphase pseudo-random noise; SSM: Spread-spectrum modulation. (1) (2) (3) Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 Transmit frequency is in 5 MHz steps, /240 khz steps for the DRS, 1 MHz steps for Chinese DRS. Signals with low data rate transmissions will be spread by a pseudo-random noise code so as to meet pfd limits. For the DRS transmit frequency is in /240 khz steps.
7 Rec. ITU-R SA Transmitting spacecraft Network Orbital locations Frequency range (GHz) Link description Transmission rate (3) Multiple access (S-MA) links 1 kbit/s 300 kbit/s 3 Mcps TABLE 3 Return spacecraft-to-drs link characteristics Europe Japan 12 Mainly low-earth orbit (1) Single access (S-SA) links 6 2 Single access (Ku-SA) links 64 kbit/s Europe Japan Modulation QPSK/SSM PSK SQPN/PSK (2) PSK QPSK/SSM QPSK PSK Polarization RHC LHC LHC Circular RHC RHC Circular Antenna size (m) Omnidirectional, arrays Omnidirectional, arrays, parabolic = 1.5 Tx antenna gain (dbi) Tx antenna radiation pattern Necessary bandwidth (MHz) Maximum power spectral density Maximum e.i.r.p. spectral density Omnidirectional, arrays, parabolic = 0.8 Omnidirectional, arrays, parabolic = Single access (Ka-SA) links / Rec. ITU-R S.672 for high gain antenna Rec. ITU-R S per channel Compliant with pfd limits
8 6 Rec. ITU-R SA Receiving DRS Network Orbital locations 16W, 95E, 167E Frequency range (GHz) (1) Europe Japan Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA.1276 TABLE 3 (end) 16W, 95E, 167E 160W, 16W, 95E, 167E (1) Europe Japan Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA Antenna size (m) Horn Phased array Rx antenna gain (dbi) Rx antenna radiation pattern System noise temperature (K) Rec. ITU-R S.672 Rec. ITU-R S.672 Rec. ITU-R S Link reliability (%) Interference criterion (1) (2) Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 Transmit frequency is in 5 MHz steps for DRS, 100 khz steps for Japanese DRS, 500 khz for the DRS, 1 MHz steps for Chinese DRS. Signals with low data rate transmissions will be spread by a pseudo-random noise code so as to meet pfd limits.
9 Rec. ITU-R SA Transmitting DRS TABLE 4 Return DRS-to-Earth feeder link characteristics Network Orbital locations 160W, 16W, 95E, 167E Frequency range (GHz) , , Link description Transmission rate () Ku-band (14/11 GHz) return feeder Europe Japan Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA Ku-band (14/11 GHz) return feeder Ka-band (30/20 GHz) return feeder (3) (1) (2) (2) (4) 150 Modulation QPSK, QPSK/SSM PSK SQPN/PSK PSK Polarization RHC Linear Circular Linear Antenna size (m) Tx antenna gain (dbi) Tx antenna radiation pattern Necessary bandwidth (MHz) Maximum power spectral density Maximum e.i.r.p. density Receiving earth station 150 per channel 650 (composite), 225 (dedicated) Location Rec. ITU-R S (composite) Europe Japan Antenna size (m) , 9 5, 9.2 and 13 3, 12 and 15 Rx antenna gain (dbi) , , , 65.5 and 67.1 Rx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.580 RR Appendix 8, Annex III System noise temperature (K) (1) (2) (3) (4) Link availability (%) Interference criterion Rec. ITU-R SA.1155, Rec. ITU-R S.741 Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 The DRS transmits a dedicated and a composite link. Transmission rate for the dedicated link is 300, for the composite link the transmission rate is on the order of 800. The European and Japanese networks employ a decentralized link concept that permits independent return feeder links to different earth station. The DRS transmits several independent return feeder links within the indicated frequency range with transmission rates 150 Mbits/s. The Chinese networks implement a composite link concept that permits return feeder links to different earth stations.
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